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Frogs and Toads: January 1994
Frogs and Toads: January 1994
Frogs and Toads: January 1994
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Paul Moler
Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission
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January 1994
Moler, Paul E., "FROGS AND TOADS" (1994). The Handbook: Prevention and Control of Wildlife Damage. 78.
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Paul E. Moler
Wildlife Biologist
Florida Game and Fresh Water Fish
FROGS AND TOADS
Commission
Wildlife Research Laboratory
Gainesville, Florida 32601
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ern Florida, extreme southern Texas) Caution: traps may capture other non- Acknowledgments
or Colorado River toads (southern target species, including snakes,
Arizona, extreme southeastern Califor- turtles, and small mammals. Figure 1 by Randy Babb, Arizona Game and
nia) can be excluded from pet enclo- Fish Department.
sures by placing a strip of 1/8-inch Capture
(0.3-cm) mesh hardware cloth along Frogs can be located at night by the re-
the outside base of the perimeter fence.
For Additional
flection of their eyes in the beam of a
The hardware cloth should be buried headlamp. They can be collected by
Information
at least 4 inches (10 cm) in the ground gig or hand. Captured frogs may be
and should extend to a height of at Altig, R. 1970. A key to the tadpoles of the
eaten, or where allowed by law, sold continental United States and Canada.
least 20 inches (50 cm). A similar exclu- to provide additional economic Herpetol. 26:180-207.
sion fence can be used to control returns. Check with your state wildlife Bogert, C. M. Sounds of North American frogs:
breeding aggregations of nonclimbing agency regarding seasons, bag limits, the biological significance of voice in frogs.
species in small, urban stormwater legal methods of take, and restrictions (Record or cassette. Calls of 50 species.)
detention basins or to exclude these on sale. Distributed by Rounder Records,
species from small hatchery ponds. Cambridge, Massachusetts, and Smithsonian
Folkways Records, Rockville, Maryland.
Although treefrogs and some related Shooting
species will readily climb such a fence, Boyd, S. H. 1975. Inhibition of fish reproduction
most treefrogs normally breed in sea- Although shooting is allowable in by Rana catesbeiana larvae. Physiol. Zool.
some states, it is not safe in some areas 48:225-234.
sonal, fish-free waters. In addition,
their eggs and tadpoles are readily requiring control. Conant, R., and J. T. Collins. 1991. A field guide
to reptiles and amphibians: eastern and
eaten by fish, so they do not usually central North America. Houghton Mifflin
present a significant problem on fish Economics of Damage Co., Boston. 450 pp.
farms. and Control Corse, W. A., and D. E. Metter. 1980. Economics,
adult feeding and larval growth of Rana
Habitat Modification catesbeiana on a fish hatchery. J. Herpetol.
Frogs eat many insect pests. With the
Keep the shoreline of ponds free of 14:231-238.
exception of fish farms, control mea-
emergent vegetation to minimize cover sures for frogs are seldom warranted Duellman, W. E., and L. Trueb. 1986. Biology of
for adult frogs and allow predators to and, in most cases, should be discour- amphibians. McGraw-Hill Book Co., New
York. 670 pp.
assist in control. Efforts to directly aged. On fish farms, the economic
remove adult frogs at night will also be damage depends in part on the unit Elliot, L. 1992. The calls of frogs and toads:
facilitated. Eastern and Central North America.
value of the fish produced. Corse and (Cassette and booklet. Calls of 42 species.)
Metter (1980) provided data suggest- Chelsea Green Pub. Co. Post Mills, Vermont.
Frightening ing that a 350-pond farm that pro-
Johnson, T. R. Talking toad and frog poster and
Not applicable. duced goldfish might sustain $42,000 cassette. (Includes 20 frogs found in
in annual losses to bullfrogs, whereas Missouri.) Missouri Dep. Conserv., Jefferson
Repellents the same facility might sustain only City.
None are registered. $12,600 in losses if it produced golden Kellogg, P. P., and A. A. Allen. Voices of the
shiners, a less valuable species. It fol- night. (Calls of 34 species found in eastern
Toxicants lows that losses might be still higher North America). Houghton Mifflin Co. (for
the Cornell Lab. Ornith.), Boston.
on farms specializing in valuable
None are registered.
aquarium fishes. Stebbins, R. C. 1985. A field guide to western
reptiles and amphibians. Houghton Mifflin
Fumigants Co., Boston. 336 pp.
None are registered.
Trapping
Place funnel traps along the base of a Editors
Scott E. Hygnstrom
perimeter fence. Toads may also be Robert M. Timm
trapped by burying several 5-gallon Gary E. Larson
(19-l) buckets flush with the ground
surface beneath an overhead light.
Toads attracted by the insects drawn
to the light will fall into the buckets
and be unable to escape.
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