iSITIA

2017

International Seminar on Intelligent Technology

and Its Application 2017

www.isitia.its.ac.id

Strengthening the Link Between University

Research and Industry to Support ASEAN
Energy Sector

Surabaya, August 28 - 29, 2017

IEEE Part Number : CFP17TIA-PRT

ISBN : 978-1-5386-2706-8
 2017 International Seminar on Intelligent Technology and Its Application

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title Page i
Copyright ii
Preface iii
Organizing Committee iv
Conference Program viii
Table of Contents xxii
Keynote Speakers
Prof. Junya Suehiro xxxi
Prof. Naoki Hayakawa xxxii
Prof. Ontoseno Penangsang xxxiii
Nuswanggono xxxiv
Prof. Jun-ichi Takada xxxv
Technical Papers
Telecommunications and Networking
PAPER ID: 1570343572
Analysis of Quality Network Using MPLS and Non MPLS 1
Benfano Soewito, Fergyanto E. Gunawan, Sayed Afdhal, Anna Antonyova
PAPER ID: 1570362623
Cooperative Communication System with Adaptive Modulation and Energy 5
Harvesting
Rini Puji Astutik, Wirawan, Endroyono, Istas Pratomo
PAPER ID: 1570363074
Real Time DNS Traffic Profiling Enhanced Detection Design for National Level 11
Network
Muhammad Salahuddien Manggalanny, Kalamullah Ramli
PAPER ID: 1570365298
Network Management Models to Anticipate The Problem of International Internet 16
Traffic in Indonesia
Bagus Riyowiyoso, Muhammad Suryanegara
PAPER ID: 1570370341
Urban Distribution CCTV for Smart City Using Decision Tree Methods 21
Arif Pribadi, Fachrul Kurniawan, Mochamad Hariadi, Supeno Mardi Susiki Nugroho

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PAPER ID: 1570370594

Tree-based Anti-collision Algorithm with Single Error Bit Tracking for RFID 25
Systems
Robithoh Annur, Tan Li Jig, Suvit Nakpeerayuth, Lunchakorn Wuttitsittikulkij

Coding and Signal Processing

PAPER ID: 1570362312

3D Video Coding Development Based on FPGA Platform Xilinx Zynq-7000 29
Alexander Victor Bukit, Wirawan

PAPER ID: 1570365398

Real-Time Video Quality Assessment Based on Fuzzy Inference System for Analog 35
Television Tracking Antenna System
Herti Miawarni, M. Mahaputra Hidayat, Surya Sumpeno, Eko Setijadi

PAPER ID: 1570366538

Design of Ultra Wide Band Partial Discharge Detector using Pi Attenuator 41
and Ultra Wide Band Amplifier
Dede Furqon, Rachmat Sannia Putra, Umar Khayam

Power Systems

PAPER ID: 1570362935

Design and Analysis of DC/AC Inverter using Passive LCL Filter with Damping 46
Circuit Configuration
Faizal Arya Samman, Maarif Hasan, Tirza Damayanti

PAPER ID: 1570363044

The Effects of Energy Storages on Small Signal Stability of a Power System 52
Dwi Lastomo, Herlambang Setiadi, Muhamad Faisal, Andri
Ashfahani, Galih Bangga, Go Hutomo, Ahmad Sabila, Ilmi Bumi

PAPER ID: 1570365368

Dynamic OPF Considering Different Charging and Discharging Cost of 58
Energy Storage Using Mixed-Integer Quadratic Programming
Rony Seto Wibowo, Fiona Yolita Purnomo, Ni Ketut Aryani, Ontoseno Penangsang

PAPER ID: 1570365564

Hybrid QP-PSO For Solving Economic Dispatch with Valve Point Effect 64
Trisna Wati, Rony Seto Wibowo, Ontoseno Penangsang

PAPER ID: 1570365876

The Modeling Of Directional Overcurrent Relay In Loop System Using 69
Cascade Forward Neural Network
Alfin Sahrin, Anang Tjahjono, Margo Pujiantara, Mauridhi Hery Purnomo

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PAPER ID: 1570366306

An Optimal Power Flow Control Method for PV Systems with Single Phase 75
Shimizu Inverter
Ferdian Ronilaya, Indrazno Siradjuddin, Sungkono Eko Wibowo

PAPER ID: 1570366464

Critical Trajectory Method for Calculating CCT Considering Radial and 81
Single Circuit Systems
Firilia Filiana, Ardyono Priyadi, Mauridhi Hery Purnomo, Naoto Yorino

PAPER ID: 1570366506

Optimal Filter Placement and Sizing in Radial Distribution System Using 87
Whale Optimization Algorithm
Aswin Rosyadi, Ontoseno Penangsang, Adi Soeprijanto

PAPER ID: 1570367618

Optimal Capacitor Placement and Sizing in Radial Distribution System Using 93
Accelerated Particle Swarm Optimization
Niken Adriaty Basyarach, Ontoseno Penangsang, Adi Soeprijanto

PAPER ID: 1570368515

Optimal Placement and Sizing of Distributed Generation in Radial Distribution 98
System Using K-Means Clustering Method
Ontoseno Penangsang, Dimas Fajar Uman Putra, Taufani Kurniawan

PAPER ID: 1570368859

Dynamic Stability Modified IEEE 3 Generator 9 Bus With 50 MW Power 104
Injection of Generator XY
Irrine Budi Sulistiawati, Khaikal Mudatsir Rosidin, Abraham Lomi

PAPER ID: 1570368862

Impact of Load Shedding on Frequency and Voltage System 110
Irrine Budi Sulistiawati, Aziz Nurdiansyah, Abraham Lomi

PAPER ID: 1570370537

Dynamic Economic Dispatch using Chaotic Bat Algorithm on 150kV Mahakam 116
Power System
Yun Tonce Kusuma Priyanto, Muhammad Febrian Maulana, Andhika Giyantara

PAPER ID: 1570370524

Multiagent System Based Real-Time Control for Standalone Microgrid 122
Darith Leng, Kittichot Soontorntaweesub, Sompob Polmai

PAPER ID: 1570363088

Performance Comparison Between Tracking and Fixed Photovoltaic System: 128
a case study of Hoa Lac Hi-tech Park, Hanoi
Xuan-Truong Nguyen, Viet-Dung Nguyen, Dinh-Quang Nguyen, Lang – Tung Nguyen,
Duc – Quang Nguyen

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High Voltage Engineering

PAPER ID: 1570362916

A Hybrid Method to Determine the Short-Circuit Location on Medium-Voltage 134
Network: Simulation and Measurement
Duc-Quang Nguyen, Xuan-Truong Nguyen, Tung Lam Du-Hoang

PAPER ID: 1570363007

Analysis of Physical and Electrical Characteristics of Transformer Oil Insulation 139
During Accelerated Thermal Aging Experiment and Its Lifetime Estimation
Using Arrhenius Law and Breakdown Voltage Test
I Made Yulistya Negara, Ni Ketut Aryani, Dimas Anton Asfani, Daniar
Fahmi, Rifqi Jauhari, Mochammad Wahyudi

PAPER ID: 1570366318

Core-Cutting Topology Effects of Single Phase 1-KVA Transformer on Inrush 144
Current
A. B. Ksatria, I Made Yulistya Negara, Dedet Candra Riawan, Dimas Anton Asfani,
Daniar Fahmi

PAPER ID: 1570366335

Effect on Fault Current Lever Reduction by Using Resistive Fault Current Limiter in 148
110 kV Binh An Substation
Nguyen Nhat Tung, Nguyen Quang Viet

PAPER ID: 1570370479

Estimation of Residual Flux in Single Phase Transformer Using Dynamic Modeling 154
of Two Winding Single Phase Transformer
I Made Yulistya Negara, Daniar Fahmi, Dimas Anton Asfani, I. G. N.
Satriyadi, Ayyub Dhimastara A.

PAPER ID: 1570370559

Analysis of Contaminant Effect on Ceramic & Polymer Insulator Surface 161
Under Artificial Environmental Condition
Daniar Fahmi, I Made Yulistya Negara, Annisa Kusumaningrum,
Dirman Hariono Santosa

PAPER ID: 1570370566

Analysis of Low Voltage Arcing Characteristic on Direct Short Circuit Through 165
Arcing Thermal Synchronization Sensing and Short Circuit Current
Dimas Anton Asfani, I Made Yulistya Negara, Daniar Fahmi, Rifki
Wiryatama, Muh Wildan Arinal Haq, Mochammad Wahyudi

PAPER ID: 1570367452

Analysis Of Acceleration In Aging Isolation Due To The Effect Of Humidity 169
And Contamination In Induction Motor Loaded
Labib Faizul Muttaqin, Dimas Anton Asfani, I Made Yulistya Negara, Dapis

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Power Electronics

PAPER ID: 1570364147

Performance Analysis of Multiple Input Boost Converter with Inherent 175
OR Diode Configuration
Taufik Taufik, Rosmaliati Muchtar, Mohammad Taufik

PAPER ID: 1570364232

Design of Electronic Speed Controller for BLDC Motor Based on Single Ended 181
Primary Inductance Converter (SEPIC)
Heri Suryoatmojo, N. R Arsya, Ronny Mardiyanto, Dedet Candra
Riawan, Sjamsul Anam, Mochamad Ashari

PAPER ID: 1570364318

New Step-Up DC-DC Converters for PV Power Generation Systems 187
Pekik Argo Dahono

PAPER ID: 1570364541

Particle Swarm Optimization-Based BLDC Motor Speed Controller with Response 193
Speed Consideration
Mohamad Ridwan, Dedet Candra Riawan, Heri Suryoatmojo

PAPER ID: 1570364696

Speed Control of Three Phase Induction Motor Using Method Hysteresis Space 199
Vector Pulse Width Modulation
Hendi Purnata, Mochammad Rameli, Rusdhianto Effendie AK

PAPER ID: 1570364886

Novel Estimated Back EMF ZDP Based Sensorless Controlled BLDCM Using 205
Unknown Input Observer
Umesh Kumar Soni, Ramesh Kumar Tripathi

PAPER ID: 1570366407

Design of Self Commutation BLDC Motor with Torque Control Strategy Using 211
Fuzzy Logic in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV)
Mochammad Rameli, Yosi Riduas Hais, Rusdhianto Efendi Abdul Kadir

Energy Conversion

PAPER ID: 1570362561

Performance Analysis of Vertical Axis Wind Turbine with Variable Swept Area 217
Jazuli Fadil, Soedibyo, Mochamad Ashari

PAPER ID: 1570365270

MPPT Design on Solar Farm Using Perturb and Observe Technique Considering
Tilt Angle and Partial Shading in Giligenting Island 222
Soedibyo, Sjamjul Anam, Isa Hafidz, Gusti Rinaldi Zulkarnain, Mochamad Ashari

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 2017 International Seminar on Intelligent Technology and Its Application

PAPER ID: 1570366829

Cogging Torque Reduction by Modifying Stator Teeth and Permanent Magnet 227
Shape on a surface mounted PMSG
Herlina, Rudy Setiabudy, Amien Rahardjo

Control Systems

PAPER ID: 1570362938

Linearization and Decoupling Controllers for Quadruple Tanks 233
Rusdhianto Efendi AK., Mochammad Rameli, Eka Iskandar, Muhammad Baihaqi

PAPER ID: 1570365547

Adaptive Gaussian Parameter Particle Swarm Optimization And Its Implementation 238
in Mobile Robot Path Planning
Novendra Setyawan, Rusdhianto Effendi Abdul Kadir, Ahmad Jazidie

PAPER ID: 1570365752

Path Planning Mobile Robot using Waypoint for Gas Level Mapping 244
Richa Watiasih, Roby Adi Wibowo, Muhammad Rivai, Ontoseno Penangsang

PAPER ID: 1570366164

Design of Actuator Fault Compensation with MRC in 2 DOF Manipulator 250
based on PID CTC
Churnia Sari, Trihastuti Agustinah, Achmad Jazidie

PAPER ID: 1570367192

Quadcopter Path Following Control Design Using Output Feedback with 255
Command Generator Tracker Based On LOS
Anggara Trisna Nugraha, Trihastuti Agustinah

Computational Intelligence

PAPER ID: 1570362540

Welding Defect Classification Based on Convolution Neural Network (CNN) 261
and Gaussian Kernel
Agus Khumaidi, Eko Mulyanto Yuniarno, Mauridhi Hery Purnomo

PAPER ID: 1570363429

Expert System for Diagnosis Pests and Diseases of The Rice Plant using 266
Forward Chaining and Certainty Factor Method
Erlina Agustina, Istas Purnomo, Adhi Dharma Wibawa, Sri Rahayu

PAPER ID: 1570366339

Identification of Cracking Sound During Coffee Roasting Using Neural Network 271
Fathurrozi Winjaya, Muhammad Rivai, Djoko Purwanto

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PAPER ID: 1570368128

Establishment of Indonesian Viseme Sequence Using Hidden Markov Model 275
Based on Affection
Endang Setyati, Oki Susandono, Lukman Zaman, Yuliana Melita
Pranoto, Surya Sumpeno, Mauridhi Hery Purnomo

PAPER ID: 1570370408

Affective Human Pose Classification from Optical Motion Capture 281
Muhtadin, Surya Sumpeno, Aang Pamuji Dyaksa

PAPER ID: 1570366494

Live Migration Based on Cloud Computing to Increase Load Balancing 286
Jananta Permata Putra, Supeno Mardi Susiki Nugroho, Istas Pratomo

Image/Signal Processing

PAPER ID: 1570361958

Ink Bleed-Through Binarization of Javanese Handwritten Ancient Document 291
Using Local Adaptive Threshold Based on Local Class Width
Yogi Dwi Mahandi, Eko Mulyanto Yuniarno, Yoyon Kusnendar
Suprapto, Endang Purwaningsih

PAPER ID: 1570366595

Background Subtraction using Spatial Mixture of Gaussian Model with 296
Dynamic Shadow Filtering
Atyanta N. Rumaksari, Surya Sumpeno, Adhi D. Wibawa

PAPER ID: 1570367192

Image Block Matching Based on GLCM (Gray level Co-occurence Matrix) 302
Texture Feature on Grayscale Image Auto Coloring
Muhammad Sipan, Supeno Mardi Susiki N, Eko Mulyanto Yuniarno

Information Systems

PAPER ID: 1570366144

Sentiment Analysis of Public Complaints Using Lexical Resources 307
Between Indonesian Sentiment Lexicon and Sentiwordnet
Lailiyah M, Sumpeno S, Purnama I. K. E

PAPER ID: 1570370455

Predicting Daily Consumer Price Index Using Support Vector Regression Method 313
based Cloud Computing
Supeno Mardi Susiki Nugroho, Intan Ari Budiastuti, Mochamad Hariadi

Applied Electronics

PAPER ID: 1570366400

Design of Digital Lock-In Amplifier For Low Concentration Gas Detection 319
Handi Rahmannuri, Muhammad Rivai, Tri Arief Sardjono
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PAPER ID: 1570366503

A Prototype of Monitoring Precision Agriculture System Based on WSN 323
Nurul Fahmi, Samsul Huda, Eko Prayitno, M. Udin Harun Al Rasyid,
M. Choirur Roziqin, M. Unggul Pamenang

PAPER ID: 1570370048

Development of Hand Gesture Recognition Sensor Based on Accelerometer and 329
Gyroscope for Controlling Arm of Underwater Remotely Operated Robot
Ronny Mardiyanto, Mochamad Fajar Rinaldi Utomo, Djoko
Purwanto, Heri Suryoatmojo

PAPER ID: 1570366112

Effect Of Automatic Plant Acoustic Frequency Technology (Paft) On 334
Mustard Pakcoy (Brassica Rapa Var. Parachinensis) Plant Using
Temperature And Humidity Parameter
Fahmi Huda Z, Muhammad Rivai, Nurul Aini

Biomedics

PAPER ID: 1570365981

Design of complex data acquisition system for kinetics, kinematics, and 340
kinesiological gait analysis
Nita Z. D. L Mulyawati, Achmad Arifin, Fauzan Arrofiqi, Mohammad Nuh

PAPER ID: 1570366309

Classification of EMG Signals from forearm Muscles As Automatic Control 346
Using Naïve Bayes
Adi Dwi Irwan Falih, Adhi Dharma W, Surya Sumpeno

PAPER ID: 1570363035

Automated Determination of Plasmodium Region of Interest on Thin Blood Smear 352
Images
Hanung Adi Nugroho, Wahyu Andi Saputra, Adhistya Erna Pemanasari,
E. Elsa Herdiana Murhandarwati

PAPER ID: 1570366524

A Comparison of Platelets Classification from Digitalization Microscopic 356
Peripheral Blood Smear
Zilvanhisna Emka Fitri, I Ketut Eddy Purnama, Eko Pramunanto,
Mauridhi Hery Purnomo

Robotics

PAPER ID: 1570370399

Visual Ball Tracking and Prediction with Unique Segmented Area on Soccer Robot 362
Setiawardhana, Rudy Dikairono, Tri Arief Sardjono, Djoko Purwanto

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PAPER ID: 1570370401

Motion Planning Simulator for Holonomic Robot Soccer Platform 368
Rudy Dikairono, Aulia Aditya Rachman, Setiawardhana, Tri Arief
Sardjono, Djoko Purwanto

Microelectronics

PAPER ID: 1570366254

High Performance Asynchronous Bit-Level Parallel Interface for Board-to-Board 372
Inter Processor Communication
Faizal Arya Samman, Thagiat Ahzan ADP, Fandhi Nugraha
378
Authors Index

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 2017 International Seminar on Intelligent Technology and Its Application

INTERNATIONAL ADVISORY BOARD

Prof. Taufik (California Polytechnic State University)

Prof. Naoto Yorino (Hiroshima University)
Prof. Toshifumi Ise (Osaka University)
Prof. Mauridhi Hery Purnomo (Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember)
Prof. Gamantyo Hendrantoro (Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember)

ORGANIZING COMMITTEE
GENERAL CHAIR
Dr. Rony Seto Wibowo

CO-CHAIR
Dr. Titiek Suryani

TREASURER
Dr. Trihastuti Agustina

REGISTRATION & SECRETARIAT

Dr. Astria Nur Irfansyah
Dr. Dedet C. Riawan
Anang Tjahyono

PUBLICATION & TRANSPORTATION

Dr. Dimas Anton Asfani
Dimas Fajar Uman Putra
Fajar Budiman

PROCEEDING
Dr. Ronny Mardiyanto
Daniar Fahmi

CONTACT DETAILS
Electrical Engineering Department
B Building, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember
Surabaya, Jawa Timur, Indonesia, 60111
(+62 31) 594 7302
(+62 31) 593 1237
Email: isitia-help@its.ac.id
website: http://isitia.its.ac.id/new2017/

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 2017 International Seminar on Intelligent Technology and Its Application

TECHNICAL PROGRAM COMMITTEE

CHAIR
Prof. Mauridhi Hery Purnomo

CO-CHAIR
Prof. Gamantyo Hendrantoro

MEMBERS

Achmad Affandi Institut Teknologi Sepuluh November

Adhi Dharma Wibawa Institut Teknologi Sepuluh November
Adi Soeprijanto Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember
Adit Kurniawan Institut Teknologi Bandung
Andani Achmad Universitas Hasanuddin
Ardyono Priyadi Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember
Aris Triwiyatno Universitas Diponegoro
Astria Nur Irfansyah Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember
Danang Wijaya Universitas Gadjah Mada
Daniel Siahaan Institut teknologi Sepuluh Nopember
Dedet Candra Riawan Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember
Delta Prima Universitas Surabaya
Dhany Arifianto Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember
Dimas Anton Asfani Institut Teknologi Sepuluh November
Djoko Purwanto Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember
Eko Mulyanto Yuniarno Institut Teknologi Sepuluh November
Eko Setijadi Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember
Elieser Tarigan Universitas Surabaya
Endang Setyati Sekolah Tinggi Teknik Surabaya
Endroyono Institut Teknologi Sepuluh November
Eni Wardihani Politeknik Negeri Semarang
Felix Pasila Universitas Kristen Petra
Gunawan Sekolah Tinggi Teknik Surabaya

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Habibuddin Hafiz Universiti Teknologi Malaysia

Hanny Tumbelaka Universitas Kristen Petra
Hendra Kusuma Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember
Heri Suryoatmojo Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember
Hermawan Universitas Diponegoro
I Made Yulistya Negara Institut Teknologi Sepuluh November
Ida Ayu Giriantari Universitas Udayana
Imam Robandi Institut Teknologi Sepuluh November
Intan Sari Areni Hasanuddin University
Istas Pratomo Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember
Iwan Setiawan Universitas Diponegoro
Iwan Syarif Politeknik Elektronika Negeri Surabaya
Katherin Indriawati Institut Teknologi Sepuluh November
Ketut Edy Purnama Institut Teknologi Sepuluh November
Lie Jasa Universitas Udayana
Lukmanul Hakim Universitas Lampung
Margo Pujiantara Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember
Mochamad Ashari Institut Teknologi Sepuluh November
Mochamad Hariadi Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember
Muhammad Aziz Muslim Universitas Brawijaya
Nasaruddin Universitas Syiah Kuala
Nemuel Pah Universitas Surabaya
Noor Akhmad Setiawan Universitas Gadjah Mada
Novie Ayub Windarko Politeknik Elektronika Negeri Surabaya
Ontoseno Penangsang Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember
Paulus Insap Santosa Universitas Gadjah Mada
Puji Handayani Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember
Radi Universitas Gadjah Mada
Ridho Hantoro Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember
Ronny Mardiyanto Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember

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Rony Seto Wibowo Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember

Rudy Setiabudi Universitas Indonesia
RV Hari Ginardi Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember
Sarjiya Universitas Gadjah Mada
Sasongko Pramono Hadi Universitas Gadjah Mada
Soedibyo Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember
Suharyanto Universitas Gadjah Mada
Supeno Mardi Susiki Institut Teknologi Sepuluh November
Surya Sumpeno Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember
Suwadi Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember
Taufik California Polytechnic State University
Titiek Suryani Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember
Tony Dwi Susanto Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember
Totok Mujiono Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember
Tri Arief Sardjono Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember
Trihastuti Agustinah Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember
Vita Lystianingrum Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember
Waskito wibisono Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember
Wayan Ariastina Universitas Udayana
Wirawan Institut Teknologi Sepuluh November
Yoyon Suprapto Kusnendar Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember

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Analysis of Physical and Electrical Characteristics of

Transformer Oil Insulation During Accelerated
Thermal Aging Experiment and Its Lifetime
Estimation Using Arrhenius Law and Breakdown
Voltage Test
I Made Yulistya Negara1, Ni Ketut Aryani1, Dimas Anton Asfani1,2, Daniar Fahmi1, Rifqi Jauhari1, and
Mochammad Wahyudi1
1
Department of Electrical Engineering
Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember (ITS)
Surabaya, Indonesia
2
Center of Excellence for Automotive Control& System ITS
yulistya@ee.its.ac.id

Abstract—In this paper, the physical and electrical
characteristics of accelerated thermal aged transformer oil
insulation were investigated. The accelerated thermal aging of
commercial transformer oil was conducted by increasing its
temperature with different time. They were 100oC for 168 hours,
115oC for 96 hours, and 125oC for 48 hours. The lifetime of the
tested oil was then estimated based on Arrhenius law and
breakdown voltage test. The result showed that the physical
characteristic of the tested oil during accelerated thermal aging
could be analyzed based on its color changes, in which the higher
level of thermal aging resulted in darker oil’s color. The electrical
characteristic was associated with significant decreasing of
breakdown voltage. The lifetime estimation based on Arrhenius
law for the tested oil with 100oC, 115oC, and 125oC were about
25663 hours, 4300 hours, and 1408 hours, respectively. The
lifetime estimation based on breakdown voltage test for the tested
oil with 100oC, 115oC, and 125oC were about 20064 hours, 1526
hours, and 1106 hours, respectively.
Keywords—Accelerated thermal aging; transformer oil
insulation; physical and electrical characteristic; lifetime
estimation; arrhenius law; breakdown voltage
I. INTRODUCTION
Transformer plays a vital role in power system since it
converts voltage level without any change on its system
frequency. This role may be disrupted by a breakdown
phenomenon, such as electrical breakdown, mechanical
breakdown, and thermal breakdown. If the breakdown is
regularly occured, lifetime of transformer will be shorter, and
even the transformer will be out of system since it suffers from
a fatal damage. Transformer operating continuously will have
an effective lifetime, in which it indicates condition of the
transformer, eligible to be operated or not. The continuity of
transformer’s performance is highly dependent on the quality
of insulation system, such as oil insulation. Refer to standard of
IEEE, the lifetime of transformer is up to 20.55 years [1].
Otherwise, standard of IEC states the lifetime of transformer
cannot be specified definitely, however it is predicted to reach
30 years depending on the level of thermal aging [1].
Overheat is one of factors which causes breakdown of
transformer. This overheat can be initiated from overload
operation, load shedding, dielectric heating, eddy current,
hysteresis losses, oxidation process which results in rust, high
temperature ambient, and so on. The high temperature of
transformer has become the most influential parameter for its
insulation aging, therefore an appropriate cooling system is
needed to control the transformer temperature. A high
temperature of transformer will generate a chain reaction which
accelerates lifetime and decreases performance of insulation,
both paper and oil insulation [2]. Moreover, the effectiveness
of transformer cooling system will be decreased, and finally the
transformer suffers the operation failure. Certainly, this
condition provides a great loss for the transformer user.
In this paper, physical and electrical characteristics of
transformer oil insulation were investigated before and after the
presence of accelerated thermal aging. The lifetime of the
tested oil was then predicted based on Arrhenius law and
breakdown voltage test.
II. TRANSFORMER OIL INSULATION
A. Types of Transformer Oil Insulation
There are 3 types of transformer oil insulation based on
production process, such as mineral oil, synthetic oil and
organic oil [2], as shown in Fig. 1. The mineral oil is produced
from crude oil using distillation process in order to obtain high
resistance and good heat stability of transformer oil. The
synthetic oil processed chemically aims to have better
characteristic than the mineral oil. However, this chemical
process causes the synthetic oil harmful to the environment.
The organic oil is a result of the extraction of some plants, such
as jatropha, soybean, and palm.

978-1-5386-2708-2/17/$31.00©/2017/IEEE 139
B. Mineral Oil
The crude oil has been used for transformer oil since 1891
by Sebastian de Ferranti. This crude oil composes of
hydrocarbons and a little sulfur. Based on the composition of
hydrocarbons chain, the core compound of crude oil can be
distinguished in several main groups, namely linear (parafinis
compound), cycloaliphatic (naftenis compound), and aromatic (a) (b) (c)
[2]. The parafinis, CnH2n+2, is categorized as saturated Fig. 1. Hydrocarbon structure: a) Parafins mineral oil. b) Naftenis.
hydrocarbon fraction with its relatively low boiling point, while c) Aromatic [1].
the naftenis, CnH2n, has a circle bond structure with 6 carbon
atoms or 14 carbon atoms with 3 circles. The aromatic Oxygen dissolved
consisted of 6 carbon atoms is divided into 2 groups, namely in the air and hot
mono-aromatic and poli-aromatic. The aromatic is the most cellulose
dangerous hydrocarbon fraction since it has a high boiling
point and easily dissolves in the seawater. Transformer oil
The Oil Oil insulation
insulation is
insulation loses experiences
subjected by
C. Oil Insulation Aging thermal and the stability decomposition
gradually and oxidation
The high temperature and chemical reaction, such as electric stress
oxidation, will decrease the performance of transformer oil.
During this condition, the ability of transformer oil as an The main cause
insulating and cooling material become poor. The rate of oil of overheating
degradation has a common factor which accelerates and damage of
degradation, that is temperature. The transformer oil will solid insulation
experience accelerated thermal aging in high temperature. The
Fig. 2. Degradation mechanism of transformer oil insulation [3].
main process of oil degradation rate is oxidation process which
results in acid and other polar compounds. Briefly, the process
of transformer oil degradation takes place when the thermal The formula of degradation rate is stated by ANSI/IEEE
and electric stress are in oxidation condition. Consequently, the Std. 101-1987 “IEEE Guide for the Statistical Analysis of
oil suffers loss of stability, oxidation process, and increasing of Thermal Life Test Data” [5], as shown in (1). This equation is
acidity, and finally the oil sediment will occur. formulated by Daikin based on Arrhenius law.
B
The principle of accelerated thermal aging depends on  
Lt = Ae T  (1)
thermal condition of the oil insulation itself as depicted on Fig.
2. The increasing of temperature with long duration will affect with: Lt = lifetime of insulation (hour/s), T = absolute
to the properties of the oil, such as physical, chemical, and temperature of insulation (oK) and A, B are experimental
electric. Later, it will have an impact on the rate of oxidation constant associated with reacting material, reaction
and degradation, in which the interaction between hydrocarbon condition and unit system [6].
of oil and oxygen in air leads to oxidation process and forming
of acid compound and sediment. Finally, these results will lead Arrhenius determines the degradation rate using empirical
to breakdown of oil insulation. equation as follow:
Standard of IEC 61125 states that the oxidation stability of -
E

liquid insulation can be measured by using accelerated thermal k = Ae RT

(2)
aging with copper wire as a catalyst. The conditioning of with, k = constant of reaction rate, E = activation reaction
accelerated thermal aging can be conducted based on the energy as the minimum energy required to initiate a chemical
method of A [3]. In this method, the oil sample is tested with reaction (assumed constant) in J/mol or eV, R = Boltzman
high temperature about 100oC ± 0.5oC for 168 hours and constant (1.987 cal/mol/oK or 8.341 J/mol/oK), T = absolute
copper wire as a catalyst. temperature (oK = 273 + oC) and A = frequency factor
(assumed constant) is depended on the number of collision
D. Estimation of Transformer Oil Lifetime among reacting molecules and then results in chemical
Transformer lifetime depends on the performance of its breakdown of liquid insulation.
insulation. The accelerated thermal aging experiments has been
The lifetime of the tested liquid insulation, Lt , is assumed
conducted to oil and solid insulation of transformer with
having the reverse equation with the rate of chemical reaction,
various temperatures and durations, such as 70oC-110oC for 70
k, as written below:
weeks by Mountsinger, 100oC -135oC for 100 weeks by Dakin,
110oC-140oC for 16 weeks by Shroff, 100oC-135oC for 57 E
weeks and 1450oC -1900oC for 3 weeks by Moser and 1200oC ln k = ln A - (3)
RT
-1800oC for 1 week by Oomen [4].
E l 
ln k =  x  +ln A (4)
R T

140
 (1) and (2) can then be rewritten as follow:
m = b(X)+ a (5)
With, m = In t, X = 1/T, a = intercept of In A, dielectric
constant of tested liquid insulation population, method of
testing and breakdown type and b = E/R, the other
characteristic constants of tested liquid insulation population,
method of testing and breakdown type.
The breakdown model involving insulation
dielectric strength against its breakdown voltage illustrates
the time in which the breakdown of oil insulation occurs.
In general, the oil insulation tested with the breakdown
voltage test will result in decreasing of breakdown time. It
means that the lifetime of the oil insulation is decreased.
ANSI/IEEE Std. 930-1987 “IEEE Guide for the Statistical
Analysis of Electric Insulation Voltage Endurance Data”
equation
determinesbelow
the [7]:
breakdown time as (6)
Le = ce( -hG )
With, Le = breakdown time, c, h = constant of testing
associated with the reacting material, reaction condition
and unit system, and G = recommended limit value of
standard of breakdown voltage testing.
III. EXPERIMENTAL SETUP AND METHOD
A. Conditioning of Tested Oil Insulation
In this experiment, Nynas Nytro Libra was used as the
tested transformer oil as seen in Fig. 3(a). This insulation is
categorized as cycloaliphatic (neftenis compound) and standard
type. The first step was conditioning of the tested oil. The
tested oil was divided into 17 samples, in which each sample
would be placed into the pyrex glass with 500 ml volume
capacity. The copper wire with 10 cm length was used as a
catalyst as shown in Fig. 3(b).
B. Accelerated Thermal Aging
The second step was the treatment of thermal aging
conducted by heating the tested oil in the electric heater (oven)
with various temperatures and durations, such as 100oC for
168 hours, 115oC for 96 hours, and 125oC for 48 hours. The
catalyst included in the samples would accelerate the
oxidation process.
(a) (b)
Fig. 3. a) 10 cm of copper wire as a
catalyst. b) 500 ml of nynas nytro libra
as the tested oil.
C. Visual Inspection for Physical Characteristic
After the treatment of thermal aging was given, the copper
wire was removed from the sample. Later, the samples were
left to cool naturally during 3-5 hours with 20oC ± 5oC of
ambient temperature. The changes of physical characteristic,
such as color and sediment of the samples, were then observed
visually.
D. Breakdown Voltage Test
The breakdown voltage test was conducted according to
the IEC 60156 standard. 2 mushroom-shaped electrodes have
2.5 ± 0.05 mm gap. However, if the breakdown did not occur,
the gap would be reduced until it reached 1.5 ± 0.05 mm.
E. Lifetime Estimation of Transformer Oil
The lifetime was estimated by using Arrhenius
law associated with temperature and duration of
experiment and accordance with ANSI/IEEE Std. 101-1987
“IEEE Guide for the Statistical Analysis of Thermal Life
Test Data”. The lifetime estimation result was then
compared with the breakdown voltage of the tested oil
based on ANSI/IEEE Std 930 -1987 “IEEE Guide for
the Statistical Analysis of Electrical Insulation Voltage
Endurance Data”.
IV. RESULTS AND ANALYSIS
A. Physical Characteristic
The tested transformer oil was investigated visually and
compared with its color changes before and after the thermal
aging. The results depicted in Fig. 4-6 shows that the color of
the tested oil is changed with duration of temperature.
Application of temperature and duration of thermal aging
experiment caused oxidation and finally it produced sediment
as seen in Fig. 7. This sediment indicated the tested oil had
experienced degradation. The higher temperature and longer
duration of thermal aging, the shorter lifetime of the tested oil
insulation.
Fig. 4. Physical condition of the tested oil with 100oC.
Fig. 5. Physical condition of the tested oil with 115oC.
Fig. 6. Physical condition of the tested oil with 125oC.
141
 Voltage (kV)
(a) (b) (c)
o
Fig. 7. The sediment of the tested oil with: a) 115 C for 72 hours. b)
115oC for 96 hours. c) 125oC for 48 hours.

B. Electrical Characteristic Time (hour)

The electrical characteristic of the tested transformer oil Fig. 8. Relation between breakdown voltage and duration of experiment at
was investigated by using breakdown voltage test. This test 100oC.
used Megger OTS80PB and 2 mushroom-shaped electrodes
with 2.5 mm gap. Each of the tested oil sample was tested for 6
times to obtain the average breakdown voltage. Fig. 8-10
shows the result of breakdown voltage test with different
temperature and duration of experiment. From these results, it

(kV)
Voltage(kV)
can be stated that the longer duration and higher temperature of

Voltage
experiment will decrease the breakdown voltage. The trend of
breakdown voltage decreasing can then be seen in Fig. 11.

C. Lifetime Estimation Based on Arrhenius Law

The lifetime estimation using Arrhenius law was performed
by linier regression, in which the chosen parameters were Time (hour)
Time (hour)

temperature and duration of experiment. The temperature was Fig. 9. Relation between breakdown voltage and duration of experiment at
as an independent variable because the temperature affected the 115oC.
lifetime of the tested oil, while the duration was as a dependent
variable. The equation of Arrhenius law obtained can be seen
in (7), while its curve can be shown in Fig. 12. The result of
lifetime estimation with different temperature is depicted in
Fig. 13.
Voltage (kV)

 1 
m(Tc ) = 7484.982045   - 15.6576523 (7)
 (273 +Tc ) 

D. Lifetime Estimation Based on Breakdown Voltage Test

The breakdown voltage and duration of experiment were Time (hour)
chosen as variables. After that, both of them were thermally
Fig. 10. Relation between breakdown voltage and duration of experiment at
associated with Arrhenius law. The breakdown voltage was as 125oC.
an independent variable since it affected the lifetime of the
tested oil, while the duration was as a dependent variable.
Since the estimation was based on the breakdown voltage with
exponential breakdown model, the equation of Arrhenius law
was modified as follow:
 7484.982045 
Voltage (kV)

 T +273 
Rt = 1.58476x10 e -7  c  (8)

Later, the calculation of estimation constant involving

electric and thermal stress can be derivated as below [8]:
Lt = L0 e( BΔT ) (9)
Time (hour)
The estimation equation based on insulation strength
against breakdown voltage is written as: Fig. 11. Trend of breakdown voltage decreasing with different temperature
(green: 100oC, blue: 115oC, and red: 125oC).
Le = L0 e( -hG ) (10)

142
 Time (hour)
Fig. 12. Curve of Arrhenius based on experimental result.
Temperature (oC)

Fig. 14. Comparison of the estimation result based on experiment and IEEE
Std. 101-1987 (blue: Arrhenius law, green: breakdown voltage test, and red:
IEEE Std. 101-1987).

V. CONCLUSION
Time (day)

The accelerated thermal aging experiment on the

transformer oil insulation had reduced the performance of
insulation as dielectric material. It could be seen on changes of
physical and electrical characteristics of the tested oil. The
higher temperature of thermal aging, the shorter lifetime of the
oil insulation. The physical characteristic change was shown by
Temperature (oC) its color change, while the electric characteristic changes was
Fig. 13. Lifetime estimation curve w ith temperature variations of 85oC- indicated by its lower breakdown voltage.
150oC with ∆T = 50oC

The lifetime estimation result based on the experiment can REFERENCES

then be seen in Table I below: [1] Bicen, Yunus et al, “Aging of Paper Insulation in Natural Ester &
Mineral Oil. Electrical and Electronic Engineering” 2012, 2(3): 141-146.
TABLE I. LIFETIME ESTIMATION BASED ON BREAKDOWN VOLTAGE TEST.
[2] F. Husnayain, M. Latif, O, dan I. Garniwa, “Transformer Oil Lifetime
Temperature of Experiment (0C) Lifetime Estimation (hours) Prediction Using the Arrhenius Law based on Physical and Electrical
100 20064.95699 Characteristics”, IEEE 2015 International Conference on Quality in
115 1526.57 Research, pp. 115 – 120, August 2015.
125 1106.765866 [3] Yuliastuti, Endah, Morshuis, P.H.F, and Chen, X, “Analysis of
Dielectric Properties Comparison between Mineral Oil and Synthetic
Ester Oil”, Master Thesis, Delft University of Technology, October
E. Comparison of Lifetime Estimation Between Arrhenius 2010.
Law and Breakdown Voltage Test [4] Taghikhani, M.A, “Power Transformer Insulation Lifetime Estimation
The lifetime estimation based on Arrhenius law and Methods”, IEEE International Journal of Energy Engineering 2011, 1(1):
September 2011.
breakdown voltage test shows the different result, as shown in
[5] Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. “IEEE Guide for the
Table II. The Arrhenius law considers the thermal stress, Statistical Analysis of Thermal Life Test Data”, ANSI/IEEE Std. 101-
whereas breakdown voltage test considers the insulation 1987. New York, December 2010.
strength against its breakdown voltage, in which the [6] Dakin, Thomas W. Electrical Insulation Deterioration Treated as a
breakdown voltage is affected by water, air, and sediment of oil Chemical Rate Phenomenon. AIEE Transactions vol. 67, 1948.
insulation. By comparing the estimation result of IEEE Std. [7] Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. “IEEE Guide for the
101-1987 to the estimation result of this experiment, the Statistical Analysis of Electrical Insulation Voltage Endurance Data”,
relation between temperature and duration of experiment can ANSI/IEEE Std. 930-1987. New York, 1987.
be explained in Fig. 14. [8] Simoni, L., “A General Approuch To The Endurance Of Electrical
Insulation Under Temperature And Voltage”, IEEE Transaction on
electrical insulation vol. E1 no. 4, Agustus 1981.
TABLE II. COMPARISON OF LIFETIME ESTIMATION BASED ON ARRHENIUS
LAW AND BREAKDOWN VOLTAGE TEST.

Temperature of Experiment (0C) %E

100 21.81427391
115 55.03177482
125 21.4340875

143
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