Introduction.

Functionalism and its basic or fundamental assumptions.

Functionalism and its implications, example from the world.

Ideologies in social sciences.

Is functionalism utopian.

Conclusion.

1. Introduction.

International relation is the study of countries or states and their interactions among each

other’s. To study it properly experts have formulated many theories. These theories govern

international relation. The theories have some assumptions and accordingly defines and

categories the foreign policy as well as the relation of one country with the other functionalism

is one such ideology or the theory that govern international relation. The founder of this

theory(functionalism) hoped that there should be a concept which deals issue across the

border. Therefore, David Mitrany, presented the concept of functionalism the ulterior motive

was to achieve social peace and prosperity. Although there is no absolute truth in the social

sciences but it is based on the assumptions. The reason behind this feature is social sciences are

evolutionary so it is not constant but dynamic. It is difficult in social science to call something

utopian but here the functionalist theory possesses some close feature which could relate

utopian. Let us now look into the theory itself. The following are some basic assumption of the

functionalism has been defined.

Assumptions.

Humans have some certain basic needs which are biological and physiological in nature. Culture

and values have evaluated to fulfill these needs.

Culture form the bases of any society so one its main task is to maintain itself. So as to continue

obeying its main task of maintaining the society intact.

Culture consists of many interrelated parts; altering one may disrupt the whole.

Implications.

1. European union consists of 27 members and it is one of the big trade union. The

fundamental principle of the that trade union is to enhance trade, goods and allow free

mobility of services without any restrictions. All their trade is based on the theory

economic liberalism and theory of dependency. However, it provides jobs promoting

trade and other technical assistance to others.

2. The cultural exchange program is considering as another landmark initiative among

states for creating peace and provide assistance. It is a channel through which one can

took advantages from the skills and experience of others and create respects for others

diverse culture. Therefore, it enables a person to learn more artists experience.

3. The world bank and other developed countries facilitate underdeveloped countries in

order to uplift the boat of education. Thus they offer scholarships to the students so

they would get benefits from their advance educational value, experience. However,

different organizations hire various researchers and acamadecians to explore the

 remote underdeveloped areas etc. apart from that developed countries provide

immense opportunities to poor and weak countries.

4. In the world war two beside all the crust and truf between the united states of America

and the USSR fought together against their rivals (allies). Both countries were ideological

differences like, US belongs to capitalist block while USSR tendency was towards the

communist bloc. However, ties remain hostile it’s because of the US hypocrisy towards

tyrannical role of the Stalin.

Conclusion.

Functionalists always seeks to help, facilitate and cooperate each other around the globe.in

this way the world advance state always assists the poor nation in technology, health and

education among others. So they could get enough advantage from their experience.

Question 2: Is it possible to follow the functionalist to build peace between Pakistan and

India?

Introduction:

Functionalism is dominant approach emerged in international relation snice after the world war

II. The fundamental theme of theses concept is to serve the common good through

cooperation. It looks to human nature in a very positive manner rather than realistic approach.

The basic assumption is specific, technical cooperation which derive from one political domain

or politics should use in a threshold level, so it will increase interactional peace and

cooperation. Therefore, functionalist talks about to ensure cooperation among different states.

However, there are many hostile and complex regions all over the world where there are
clashes between states or between states and rebel etc. similarly, South Asia is one among

them whose terrain is dangerous, complex and diverse. Beside other states in these regions

Pakistan and India are considered are the most hostile and arch rival to each other. It’s because

many time these two countries have fought direct wars against each other, however, India and

Pakistan are in constant to get leverage over one another. These types of competition have

created hysteria among people. There is always looming threats of nuclear war. Although, the

problems between these two states are inherited and its roots trace back partition back 1947.

India and Pakistan have not been to solve all the problems and did not succeed in establishing

sustainable bilateral ties. The following measure should be taking to address their problems;

1. It is mediatory for both countries that they should acknowledge the regional stability of

the regimes. They are obliged to halt the aggressive diplomacy and step that could

enhance the chance of nuclear conflict.

2. The problems of non-state actors and terrorism should be addressed jointly through a

proper mechanism otherwise the sustainable growth of peace would not prevail.

3. There is need to make confidence building measures to remove the obstacle of trust

deficit. It is only possible when there is some channel of dialogue so they would interact

each other.

4. Another crucial problem of water crises so these problems should be solved through

mutual consensus in the light of international convention or Indus Basin treaty.

5. Kashmir dispute is hot problem between both countries and it can be solved through

proper negotiation. First, they demilitarized the region; second, need of neutral

mediator; third to solve the problem through UN convention and with open diplomacy.