A Novel Miniaturized Broad-Band Band-Stop Resonator Used in Rectennas

in WiMAX Frequency Band

Reza Dehbashi*(1), Hamidreza Dalili Oskouei(1), and Keyvan Forooraghi(1)

(1) Microwave Lab.,Department of Electrical Engineering, Tarbiat Modares
University,Tehran,Iran

Introduction

A novel compact broad-band band-stop resonator is introduced that can be used

instead of two-radial stub resonator that in rectifying antennas (rectennas) is
typically used [1]. Using a commercial MOM method software ADS 2003 not
only show the Compactness of about 40% of the filter part of rectenna but also the
scattering parameters are improved. Moreover, theoretical analysis of this
resonator based on expansion mode method is presented which matches well with
simulation results.

Rectenna Application

Rectennas are used to transmit power without wires and they convert RF power to
DC power. They consist of an antenna and a rectifier including diode and band-
stop filters. Because some of their applications are in mobile and portable devices
like in Space Power Satellite (SPS), compactness of them is important. Typically
in rectifier circuit after the diode two cascaded radial stubs are used to prevent the
fundamental and first harmonic of the fundamental frequency generated by diode
(Fig. 1).

Fig. 1. Rectifier part of rectenna

Our novel resonator is shown in Fig. 2. it can be used as substitution of two
cascaded radial stubs (Fig. 3) like in band-stop resonator of the rectennas. In this
work the new standard WiMAX frequency band is considered (3.4-3.6 GHz) [2]
and the novel filter is designed to cover this rang of frequency.

Novel Resonator

Fig. 4 shows S-parameters of the novel and two-radial resonators based on the
simulation results. As can be seen the |S12| parameter of the novel resonator
covers the fundamental and first harmonic of the WiMAX frequency band.

1-4244-0123-2/06/$20.00 ©2006 IEEE 853

Improvements of the S-parameters of the novel resonator in comparison of the
two-radial stub are shown in Table 1.

Fig. 2. Novel compact sized broadband

band-stop resonator

Fig. 3. Conventional two-radial band-stop

Resonator

Fig. 4. Comparison of the obtained theory with simulated (using ADS) scattering
parameters of the novel resonator with w=1mm, α = 45o , R=5mm, wg =0.5mm ,
L=7mm, and two-radial one with w=1mm, α = 90 o , R=4.5mm, wg =1mm,
L=6.5mm, ε r = 10.8 , and h=1.27mm.

Also, the proposed resonator occupies an area of ( 7 × 10mm ) against the

conventional one which occupies an area of ( 9 × 13mm ), hence a reduction of

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40% of the size happens, while if the conventional two-radial resonator covers the
WiMAX frequency band its dimension should be increased and the size reduction
in this comparison will be increased.
BW(GHz) BW(GHz) Improvement
(Two-Radial) (Novel)(usable in (%)
WiMAX)
|S11|<3dB 3-6.7 2.8-7.4 24.32
|S12|<20dB 3.7-6.35 3.4-7.2 43.4
Table 1. Comparing the scattering parameters of the two-radial and novel
resonator (using ADS simulator)

Theoretical Analysis

In this paper the expansion mode method is used because of its higher accuracy
[3]. To simplify the analysis of our novel resonator, let us first examine the
structure shown in Fig. 5. The stubs are perpendicular to the feed line instead of
being inclined. Assuming only the TM modes, i.e. modes with only radial
dependence, are excited in radial stubs [4] and concerning lossless condition,
input impedance of one shunt connected radial stub can be calculated as [5]:
2 P0 h 2 /ϕ
Z in = − jZ 0 (rie ) cot(krie , kroe ) − jwµ h + . 2 , (1)
ϕ k00 − k ε eff ,1 jwε eff ,0 roe − rie2
2 2

N (kr ) J (kr ) − J 0 (krie ) N1 (kroe ) 120π h

Where cot(krie , kroe ) = 0 ie 1 oe ; Z 0 (rie ) =
J1 (krie ) N1 (kroe ) − N1 (krie ) J1 (kroe ) rieϕ ε r
C02 (k0n rie ) 1
Pn = 2 2 ; P0 =
[r C0 (k0 n r )]rrieoe r − rie2
2
oe

C0 ( x) = − J 0 ( x ) + QN 0 ( x); C0 (0) = 1
Q = − J1 (k0 n roe ) / N1 (k0n roe ); k = w ε 0 µ0
Where J i and N i are the Bessel and Neumann functions of i th order, and suffix e
shows the effective parameters for dimensions, which are consequence of fringing
effect are provided and denoted in [3],[6], h is the thickness of substrate,
ε eff , n and k0 n are the effective permittivity to each resonant mode [3], [4] and the
eigenvalue of the TM 0 n mode [7], respectively. In above relations assumes
ε eff , n = ε eff ,1 for any n ≥ 1 [5].

As can be seen in Fig. 5, it consists of two butterfly stubs with a feed line between
them. By multiplying the transmission matrix of the two butterfly stubs and the
feed line between them, the scattering parameters can be extracted from the
resultant matrix.Our novel resonator in Fig. 2 is equivalent to Fig. 5 but with
inclined radial stubs. This difference of geometry causes difference in the
coupling effect between the outer sides of the radial stubs and feed line in two
geometries. To take this difference into account in the obtained scattering
parameters, the distance L between the butterfly stubs in Fig. 5 should be
modified. This modification is based on the simulation results that shows in

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particular amount of distance L , called L opt , the results of our resonator are the
same as the simulated results of Fig. 5 with L = L opt . The following empirical
relation is used to calculate the optimum distance of L :
Lopt = 0.5 L.Sec(α / 2). (2)

Fig. 5. Equivalent model for novel resonator before modification

By substituting the L opt instead of L in obtained scattering matrix from Fig. 5 the
scattering parameters of our resonator can be calculated.

Based on the above formulations, a resonator has been analyzed (Fig. 2) by the
ADS 2003 software package. The result is shown in Fig. 4 where matches well
with simulation result.

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radial stub, ” IEEE Trans., Microwave Theory Tech., vol. MTT-32, pp. 1652-
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[5] R. Sorrentino, L. Roselli, ”A new simple and accurate formula for microstrip
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