CHAPTER: CHEMICAL EQULIBRIUM

1. An amount of 0.50 mol of NO2 gas was added to a 5.0 L container and heated to 100oC. The NO2 gas was
decomposed to NO gas and O2 gas.

2NO2 (g) 2NO (g) + O2 (g)

At equilibrium, there was 0.20 mol NO2 gas left over in the container.
i. Calculate the number of moles of NO and O2 at equilibrium.
ii. Calculate the equilibrium constant Kc at 100oC. [0.0675] [2.09]
iii. What will happen to the equilibrium if the volume of the container is increased?

2. At 613K, equilibrium constant Kc for the reaction

Fe2O3 (s) + 3H2 (g) 2Fe (s) + 3H2O (g)

is 0.064. If 1.0 mol Fe2O3 was allowed to react with 0.1 mol H2 gas in 2.0 L container until the equilibrium reach,
determine the concentration of H2O and H2 at equilibrium. [0.0143M] [0.0357M]

3. Sulphonyl chloride, SO2Cl2 is a very reactive gas. It decomposes as follows when heated:

SO2Cl2(g) SO2(g) + Cl2(g)

A sample of 3.50 g SO2Cl2 is added to a 1.0-L container and the temperature is elevated to 375 K. If the
decomposition has not yet occurred, what is the initial pressure in this container?
As the system attains equilibrium at 375 K, the total pressure in the container is 1.43 atm.
Calculate the partial pressures of SO2, Cl2 and SO2Cl2. [0.798] [0.632, 0.166]
4. The value of Kc for the reaction

N2O4 (g) 2NO2 (g)

is 4.6 x 10-3. If the concentration of N2O4 and NO2 are 0.50 M and 0.15 M respectively, determine the direction of
the reaction in order to reach equilibrium.
5. For a reaction at equilibrium: aA + bB dD + eE

i. Write the expression for Kc and Kp.

ii. Derive an expression of Kc in terms of Kp.
6. At a certain temperature, the equilibrium constant, K c for the following reaction is 7.5.

2NO2 (g) N2O4 (g)

If 2.0 mol of NO2 is placed and allowed to react in a 2 L container, calculate the concentration of NO 2 and N2O4 at
equilibrium. [0.227M][ 0.3865M]

If the size of the container is increased, predict the change in concentration of the above species.
7. The reaction between NO and O2 is exothermic: 2NO(g) + O2(g) 2NO2(g)
State the effects on equilibrium if
i. O2 is added
ii. NO2 is taken out
iii. the temperature is increased
iv. the total pressure is decreased
8. Nitrosyl bromide, NOBr decomposes when heated

NOBr (g) NO (g) + ½ Br2 (g)

An amount of 1.79 g of NOBr was placed in a 1.0 L closed container and heated to 100ºC. Calculate the K p if the
pressure at equilibrium is 0.657 atm. [0.707 0]
9. Determine the per cent of dissociation at equilibrium for the reaction:

PCl5(g) PCl3(g) + Cl2(g)

when 5.00x102 mol of PCl5 was heated at temperature 150C in a 0.50-L container. At the same temperature,
the value of Kc for the above reaction is 5.55x104 mol L1. [7.2]
10. Consider the following reaction:

N2 (g) + 3H2 (g) 2NH3 (g) ; ∆H = -91.62 kJ

Predict and explain the direction of the equilibrium when

i. temperature is increased.
ii. N2 is added.
iii. pressure is increased.
iv. NH3 is removed from the system.
11. 1.0 M iodine gas and 1.0 M hydrogen gas are added into a 1.0 L container at 400 oC. I2 and H2 gas are allowed to
react until the system reach equilibrium according to the equation:

H2 (g) + I2 (g) 2HI (g)

Equilibrium constant Kc is 50.0.

i. Determine the concentration of H2, I2 and HI at equilibrium. [0.2828M][1.4342M]
ii. Explain what would happen to the above equilibrium if 0.5 mol HI gas is added. Prove it with the calculation.
12. Sulphonyl chloride, SO2Cl2 is a very reactive gas. When heated, it will decompose as follows:

SO2Cl2 (g) SO2 (g) + Cl2 (g)

A sample of 3.50 g SO2Cl2 was added to a 1.0 L container and the temperature is elevated to 375 K. If the
decomposition was not occurs, what is the pressure in the container?

As the system reach equilibrium at 375 K, the total pressure in the container is 1.43 atm. Calculate the partial
pressure of SO2, Cl2 and SO2Cl2. [0.6318 atm][ 0.1664 atm]
13. The value of Kc at 45oC for the reaction

P (g) + Q (g) R (g) + S (g)

is 0.84. A mixture of these gases which is not in equilibrium has the following concentration of the reactants and
products:
[ P ] = 0.04 M; [ Q ] = 0.50 M; [ R ] = 0.40 M; [ S ] = 0.04 M.

In which direction must the reaction proceed to reach equilibrium?

14. A system was charged with NOCl gas until its concentration reached 0.004 mol L -1. The temperature of the system
was then increased to 245ºC and it was allowed to reach equilibrium according to equation

2NOCl (g) Cl2 (g) + 2NO (g)

At equilibrium, the concentration of Cl2 was 0.0225 mol L-1. Calculate the value of Kc at this temperature.
[ 3.62x10–4 ]
15. Based on the following reaction,

3H2 (g) + N2 (g) 2NH3 (g) ; ∆H = -92 kJ

Predict and explain the direction of the equilibrium when

i. the volume of the vessel is increased.
ii. a mixture of nitrogen and helium gases is added to the system.