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UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

VINOBA BHAVE UNIVERSITY, HAZARIBAG- 825301

PROJECT REPORT ON
“ CELL PHONE OPERATED LAND ROVER ”
SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF DEGREE

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY IN ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION

ENGINEERING
PROJECT GUIDE
Mr. RAKESH KUMAR SINGH (Asst. Professor)
Project Associates
NAME BRANCH ROLL NO.
SATYAM ANAND E.C.E 1506139
DEEPAK JAISWAL E.C.E 1506152
SANDEEP KR. MAHTO E.C.E 1506160
SOURABH PRASAD DAS E.C.E 1506141
KUNAL KARAN E.C.E 1506121

DEPT. OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
VINOBA BHAVE UNIVERSITY, HAZARIBAG- 825301

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UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

VINOBA BHAVE UNIVERSITY, HAZARIBAG- 825301

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the project work entitled as “CELL PHONE OPERATED
LAND ROVER” is carried out by:

NAME BRANCH ROLL NO.

SATYAM ANAND E.C.E 1506139
DEEPAK JAISWAL E.C.E 1506152
SANDEEP KR. MAHTO E.C.E 1506160
SOURABH PRASAD DAS E.C.E 1506141
KUNAL KARAN E.C.E 1506121

In partial fulfilment for the award of degree of Bachelor of Technology

in Electronics and communication engineering of University College of
Engineering and Technology, VBU, Hazaribag, during the academic year
2015-2019. The project report has been approved as it satisfies the
academic requirement as prescribed for the degree of B.Tech.

Mr. RAKESH KUMAR SINGH Mr . RANJEET KUMAR

(Project Guide) H.O.D.
Assistant professor Dept. of E.C.E
Dept. of E.C.E

INTERNAL EXAMINER EXTERNAL EXAMINER

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Before we proceed to the details of our project, we would like to

dedicate a few heart-felt words for the people who were part of this
project in numerous way, people who gave unending support right from
the stage of the selection of project topic .We shall never be able to
describe the spirit of cooperation nor shall ever be able to express our
feeling towards our guide & project coordinator, Asst. Prof. “RAKESH
KUMAR SINGH” for his help during the presentation of our piece of work.
The pleasure of completing this project would have never been ours
without the firm support extended to us by Instructor “ANKIT SINGH”
who gave us inspiration, cooperation and guidance in our pursuit . We
would like to thank our Head of Department, Prof. “RANJEET KUMAR”,
who gave us kind and generous support throughout the project. We are
also grateful to our respected Director “DR. V.K SINHA” for providing an
excellent infrastructure.

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PREFACE

We take an opportunity to present this project report on "DUAL TONE

MULTIPLE FREQUENCY (DTMF) CONTROLLED ROBOT" and put before
readers some useful information regarding our project.

We have made sincere attempts and taken every care to present this
matter in precise and compact form, the language being as simple as
possible.

We are sure that the information contained in this volume would

certainly prove useful for better insight in the scope and dimension of
this project in its true perspective.

The task of completion of the project though being difficulty was made
quite simple, interesting and successful due to deep involvement and
complete dedication of our group members.

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Index:
Sr no. Topic Page number
1 Introduction 6
2 Block Diagram 9
3 Stages of DTMF 17
Robot
4 Working 23
5 Steps to build 26
DTMF Robot
6 Advantages 43
7 Future Scope 44
8 Biblography 45

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DUAL TONE
MULTIPLE
FREQUENCY
(DTMF)
CONTROLLED
ROBOT

CHAPTER 1:

INTRODUCTION

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1.1 DTMF CONTROLLED ROBOT :-

Conventionally, Wireless-controlled robots use RF circuits, which have

the drawbacks of limited working range, limited frequency range and the
limited control. Use of a mobile phone for robotic control can overcome
these limitations. It provides the advantage of robust control, working
range as large as the coverage area of the service provider, no
interference with other controllers and up to twelve controllers.

Although the appearance and the capabilities of robots vary vastly, all
robots share the feature of a mechanical, movable structure under some
form of control. The Control of robot involves three distinct phases:
perception, processing and action.

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Figure1.1- Project image

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CHAPTER 2:

BLOCK DIAGRAM

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2.1 BLOCK DIAGRAM OF DTMF CONTROLLED ROBOT:-

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2.2 DESCRIPTION ABOUT BLOCK DIAGRAM:-

In this project the robot, is controlled by a mobile phone that makes call
to the mobile phone attached to the robot. In the course of the call, if any
button is pressed, a tone corresponding to the button pressed is heard at
the other end of the call. This tone is called ‘DUAL –TONE MULTIPLE-
FREQUENCY’ (DTMF) tone. The robot receives this DTMF tone with the
help of phone stacked in the robot
The mobile that makes a call to the mobile phone stacked in the robot
acts as a remote. So this simple robotic project does not require the
construction of receiver and transmitter units.

DTMF signaling is used for telephone signaling over the line in the voice
frequency band to the call switching center. The version of DTMF used
for telephone dialing is known as ‘Touch –Tone’.

DTMF assigns a specific frequency (consisting of two separate tones) to

each key s that it can easily be identified by the electronic circuit.

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The signal generated by the DTMF encoder is the direct algebraic

submission, in real time of the amplitudes of two sine (cosine) waves of
different frequencies, i.e., pressing ‘6’ will send a tone made by adding
1336Hz and 770Hz to the other end of the mobile. The tones and
assignments in a DTMF system shown below

Figure2.1- DTMF table

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2.3 DTMF BASICS:-

DTMF, or tone dialing, is very commonly used. DTMF (Dual-tone Multi

Frequency) is a tone composed of two sine waves of given frequencies.
Individual frequencies are chosen so that it is quite easy to design
frequency filters, and so that they can easily pass through telephone lines
(where the maximum guaranteed bandwidth extends from about 300 Hz
to 3.5 kHz).
DTMF was not intended for data transfer; it is designed for control signals
only. With standard decoders, it is possible to signal at a rate of about 10
"beeps" (=5 bytes) per second.

DTMF standards specify 50ms tone and 50ms space duration. For shorter
lengths, synchronization and timing becomes very tricky.

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2.4 DTMF USAGE: -

DTMF is the basis for voice communications control. Modern telephony

uses DTMF to dial numbers, configure telephone exchanges
(switchboards), and so on. Occasionally, simple floating codes are
transmitted using DTMF - usually via a CB transceiver (27 MHz). It is used
to transfer information between radio transceivers, in voice mail
applications, etc.

Almost any mobile (cellular) phone is able to generate DTMF after

establishing connection. If your phone can't generate DTMF, you can use
a stand-alone "dialer". DTMF was designed so that it is possible to use
acoustic transfer, and receive the codes using standard microphone.

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2.5 COMPOSITION OF DTMF signals:-

The table shows how to compose any DTMF code. Each code, or "beep",
consists of two simultaneous frequencies mixed together (added
amplitudes). Standards specify 0.7% typical and 1.5% maximum
tolerance. The higher of the two frequencies may have higher amplitude
(be "louder") of 4 dB max.
This shift is called a "twist". If the twist is equal to 3 dB, the higher
frequency is 3 dB louder. If the lower frequency is louder, the twist is
negative.
Frequency table:
1209 HZ 1336 HZ 1477 HZ 1633 HZ
697 HZ 1 2 3 A
770 HZ 4 5 6 B
852 HZ 7 8 9 C
941 HZ * 0 # D

This table resembles a matrix keyboard. The X and Y coordinates of each

code give the two frequencies that the code is composed of. Notice that
there are 16 codes; however, common DTMF dialers use only 12 of them.
The "A" through "D" is "system" codes. Most end users won't need any of
those; they are used to configure phone exchanges or to perform other
special functions.

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2.6 How to transmit and to decode DTMF:-

To transmit DTMF:
Most often, dedicated telephony circuits are used to generate DTMF (for
example, SC9270D). However, getting the correct frequencies often
requires usage of a suitable Xtal for the processor itself - at the cost of
non-standard cycle length, etc. So, this method is used in simple
applications only.

To decode DTMF:
It is not easy to detect and recognize DTMF with satisfactory precision.
Most decoders detect only the rising edges of the sine waves. So, DTMF
generated by rectangular pulses . These produce nice clean sine waves
even from distorted inputs, with any harmonics suppressed.

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CHAPTER 3
STAGES OF DTMF
ROBOT

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Stage 1

 Cell phone

Cell phone are used to give the instruction to the robot by pressing the
keypad of the cell phone. The output of the cell phone controlled robot
are dual tone frequency which is received by the DTMF receiver.

Stage 2

 DTMF Receiver Section

DTMF receiver section are used to receive the dual tone coming from the
cell phone. It is received by the DTMF and decoded by the same DTMF IC
and given to the further circuit.

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 DTMF IC

To receive the dual tone frequency from the cell phone and to convert it
into usable signal we have use SC9270D IC Here we are given explanation
of the SC9270D IC , Both IC are compatible with each other.

 DTMF RECEIVER

The SC9270D is a complete DTMF receiver integrating both the band split
Filter and digital decoder functions. The Filter section uses switched
capacitor techniques for high- and low-group Filters and dial-tone
rejection. Digital counting techniques are employed in the decoder to
detect and decode all 16 DTMF tone-pairs into a 4-bit code. External
component count is minimized by on-chip provision of a differential input
Amplifier clock-oscillator and latched 3-state bus.

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 SC9270D Pinout

 SC9270D Application circuits

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Motor Driving Stage

Stage 3
 Motor Driving Stage
In this stage the motor driver L293D IC is used for to drive the motor. As
the signal comes from the inverter IC it drives the motor according to
signals comes.

 L293D IC
L293D is a dual H-bridge motor driver integrated circuit (IC). Motor
drivers act as current amplifiers since they take a low-current control
signal and provide a higher-current signal. This higher current signal is
used to drive the motors.
L293D contains two inbuilt H-bridge driver circuits. In its common mode
of operation, two DC motors can be driven simultaneously, both in
forward and reverse direction. The motor operations of two motors can
be controlled by input logic at pins 2 & 7 and 10 & 15. Input logic 00 or 11
will stop the corresponding motor. Logic 01 and 10 will rotate it in
clockwise and anticlockwise directions, respectively.
Enable pins 1 and 9 (corresponding to the two motors) must be high for
motors to start operating. When an enable input is high, the associated
driver gets enabled. As a result, the outputs become active and work in
phase with their inputs. Similarly, when the enable input is low, that
driver is disabled, and their outputs are off and in the high-impedance
state.

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Fig. 4: Pin Diagram of L293D Motor Driver IC

 Truth table for robot Movement

Movement
Sr.No IN1 IN2 IN3 IN4
of robot
1 1 0 0 1 Forward

2 1 1 1 1 Stop

3 1 0 1 0 Left

4 0 1 0 1 Right

The signal logic will be changed as per the condition.

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CHAPTER 4

WORKING

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4.1 Working:

In order to control the robot, you need to make a call to the cell phone
attached to the robot (through head phone) from any phone, which
sends DTMF tunes on pressing the numeric buttons. The cell phone in the
robot is kept in ‘auto answer’ mode. If the mobile does not have the auto
answering facility, receive the call by ‘ok’ key on the vehicle connected
mobile end then made it in hands-free mode. So after a ring, the cell
phone accepts the call.

Now you may press any button on your mobile to perform actions as
listed below: When you press 6 the robot will move forward
When you press 4 the robot will move left
When you press 9 the robot will move backwards
When you press 1 the robot will move right
When you press 3 the robot will stop.

The DTMF tones thus produced are received by the cell phone in the
robot. These tones are fed to the circuit by the headset of the cell phone.
The SC9270D decodes the received tone and sends the equipment binary
number to the reciever, the robot starts moving.

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When you press key ‘6’ (binary equivalent 00000010) on your mobile
phone, the microcontroller outputs ‘10001001’ binary equivalent. Port
pins PD0, PD3 and Pd7 are high. The high output at PD7 of the
microcontroller drivers the motor driver (L293D). Port pins PD0 and PD3
drive motors M1 and M2 in forward direction. Similarly, motors M1 and
M2 move for left turn, right turn, backward motion and stop condition.

4.2 Network working:

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CHAPTER 5

Steps to Build the Cell

Phone Controlled Robot

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 Accessories Required to make cell phone controlled

robot:-

Sr.No. Component Name Quantity

1. Double AA batteries cell holder 1

2. Chassis ( Robotic Platform) 1

3 Breadboard 1

4 Nipper 1

5. Stripper 1

6. One core wire As per the use

7. Nose pliers 1

8 Screw driver 1

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Mechanical Assembly of robotic chassis

Step 1:
Take a robotic chassis.

Step 2:
Take the BO motor as shown in the diagram

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Step 3:

Image showing motor attachment to robot's chassis

Fig. 6: Image showing motor attachment to robot's chassis

Take a M2.5 (25) screw to fit the BO motor on the chassis. Fit the motor
in upward direction as shown in the figure. Here the last hole of the
chassis are used to fit the motor.

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Step 4

Image showing attachment of wheels to motors on robot'

Fig. 8: Image showing attachment of wheels to motors on robot

Fit the both wheel on the both motor shaft as shown in figure. Fix the
motor with self tapping red wheel screw.

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Breadboard Connection

Fig. 12: Image showing rows and columns on a Breadboard

 Give positive +5 volt supply in first row.

 Connect the GND in the second row of the breadboard.

 Connect + 5 volt upper row with the below row to make below line
+5 volt .

 Connect the upper gnd line with the lower gnd line to make the
below row gnd line.

 Short the below middle rows as connect the +5 volt to +5volt line
and gnd line with the gnd line.

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Construction of cell phone controlled robot on breadboard

 Power Supply

 Motor Driver

 DTMF module

 WIFI module

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Designing Power Supply Section

Power Supply

General Description

Power supply is used for to give power to the whole circuit assembly. The
below component are used for to make power supply section.

Component list for power supply

Component
Sr.No. Component Name
list

1 DC jack 1

2 3 mm Led 1
Resistor (220 ) (Red, Red, Black,
3 1
Black )

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DC jack

Sr .No 7805 Pin No 7805 Pin name

1 Pin 1 +8 volt (Given by battery)

2 Pin 2 Gnd

3 Pin3 + 5 (output to give whole circuit )

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Designing Motor Driver Section

Motor driver section

General Description

Now you have make a motor driver section which is used for to drive the
motor. Here to drive the motor you have use L293D IC.

 Component List for Motor Driver Section

Sr No Component Name

1. L29D3 IC Section

2. One core wire

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 Designing of motor driver section

By referring below images and table you can make and test the motor
driver section.
 L293D pin connection
Sr.No L293 D pin Supply voltage
1 Pin no 1 +5 volt

2 Pin no 9 +5 volt

3 Pin no 16 +5 volt

4 Pin no 8 +12 volt

5 Pin no 4 & 5 Gnd

6 Pin no 12 & 13 Gnd

 Connection of Motor with L293D IC

Sr. No. Output pins Motor Wire
1 o/p1 First wire of first motor

2 o/p2 Second wire of first motor

3 o/p3 First wire of second motor

4 o/p4 Second wire of second motor

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 Schematic image of motor driver section

Sr.No. Pins Name Given supply

1 In1 +8

2 In2 Gnd

3 In3 +8

4 In4 Gnd

 Note: - 1) Short 4 (gnd) and 5 (gnd) pin with the jumper. Jumper
can be taken from the wire.
2)In the same way also short pin no 12 (gnd) and
13(gnd) of the L293D IC.

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 Testing of motor driver section

Step 1
Connect one wire of first motor with the o/p1 pin of L293D IC. And
second one is with second o/p2 of L293D IC.
The motor should be rotate in clockwise direction from your front side. If
the motor rotate in anticlockwise direction than make it in clockwise
direction by exchanging it’s wire with L293D o/p pins.

Step 2
Connect one wire of second motor with the o/p3 pin of L293D IC. And
second one with second o/p4 of L293D IC.

Now the motor should be rotate in anticlockwise direction from your

front side. If the motor rotate in clockwise direction than make it in
anticlockwise direction by exchanging it’s wire with L293D o/p pins.

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 DTMF Module

General Description

DTMF module are used to receive the signal coming from the cell phone
and control the robot through the output signal coming from the DTMF
IC.

 To make the DTMF module below component are required .

Sr.No. Component Name Quantity
1. SC9270D IC 1

2. Filter capacitor 1

3. LED(5mm) 1

3. Audio jack 1

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 Audio Jack
Audio Jack are used for to connect the cell phone with the DTMF
circuit.Open the audio jack and connect the longest terminal ( GND )
with the ten core wire and left hand side smallest terminal ( input
terminal ) with another ten core wire.

Fig:Typical Image of Audio Jack

Connections
 Short the pin no 1 and 4 with the each other & also short the pin no
5 and 9 ,6 also.

 Connect the one terminal of 100 k resister with pin no 2 and another
terminal with the one terminal of 104 capacitor and another
terminal with the audio jack input.

 Connect the one terminal of the 100k to the pin no 3 and another
terminal with the pin no 2.

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 Connect the 3.57 MHz crystal with the pin no 7 & 8 and also connect
one terminal of two 33pf capacitor with the crystal and another
terminal with the gnd.

 Give the + 5 volt to the pin no 10 of the IC.

 Connect 11,12,13,14 pin with the one terminal of the 1k resister and
another terminal with the positive terminal of the led and it’s
negative terminal with the GND.

 Pin no 15 remains open.

 Pin no 16 with the one terminal of 330 k resister and it’s another
terminal with the pin no 17.

 Connect pin no 17 with the one terminal of 104 capacitor and it’s
another terminal pin with +5 volt.

 Give +5 volt to the pin no 18.

 Connect the input wire of the audio jack with the 104 capacitor and
another GND with the GND pin on the breadboard.

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 Circuit Diagram & Complete Assembly

Connection of SC9270D with L293D IC

Sr.No DTMF output L293D Output
1 Q1 IN1

2 Q2 IN2

3 Q3 IN3

4 Q4 IN4

 Also fit the breadboard on the robotic platform.

 Also take a battery cell holder and put it on the robotic
platform.
 You can give supply to the robotic platform by the battery cell
holder or by using 8 volt adaptor.
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CHAPTER 6
Advantages:
 Robots don't get bored, so work that is repetitive and
unrewarding is no problem for a robot.

 When the task required would be dangerous for a person, they

can do the work instead.

 Robots never get sick or need to rest, so they can work 24 hours
a day, 7 days a week.

 Can be used in all kinds of environment.

 Accuracy is Very High.

 No Manual Interpretation Required.

 Compact, Power Efficient.

 Components used are economical.

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CHAPTER 7
Future Scope:
 Night vision

 Equipped with Missiles

 Radar Implementation.

 Multiple sensors like thermal etc

 Use of solar power

 Distance sensing and position logging & transmission

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CHAPTER 8
BIBLIOGRAPHY
 MODERN DIGITAL ELECTRONICS R.P. JAIN
 PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARDS WALTER C. BOSSHART
 www.engineersgarage. com
 www.electronicshub. org
 www.HOWSTUFFWORKS. com
 www.wikipeda. com
 Arrick Robotics, “Driving High-Power Loads with a
Microprocessor,” 2005,
 http://www.robotics. com/highload.html

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