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5 Common Problems of Fluid Dynamics
5 Common Problems of Fluid Dynamics
5 Common Problems of Fluid Dynamics
Formulas
where:
Q = volume of flow rate (m3/s)
V = volume (m3)
t = time (s)
A = area (m2)
v = speed of flow (m/s)
1 liter = 1 dm3 = 10−3 m3
Continuity equation
Q1 = Q2
A1v1 = A2v2
Bernoull's Equation
P + 1/2 ρv2 + ρgh = Constant
P1 + 1/2 ρv12 + ρgh1 = P2 + 1/2 ρv22 + ρgh2
where :
P = pressure (Pascal = Pa = N/m2)
ρ = fluid density (kg/m3)
g = acceleration due to gravity (m/s2)
where :
v = speed of fluid flow from the hole
X = horizontal distance reached by the fluid flow at first time
h = the distance of fluid surface to the hole
H = distance between the point of fluid drop to the hole
t = time taken by the fluid to reach the drop point
Question 1
Ahmad fills a bucket of 20 liter of capacity through opening a water channel.
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3/19/2018 5 Common Problems of Fluid Dynamics
If the area of channel with diameter of r D2 is 2 cm2 and the water flow speed in the channel is 10 m/s
find:
a) water volume rate
b) time taken to make the bucket full of water
Answer
Data :
A2 = 2 cm2 = 2 x 10−4 m2
v2 = 10 m/s
Question 2
An underground water channel is shown in the figure below!
If the area of wider channel is 5 m2 , the little one is 2 m2 and the sped of water flow in wide channel is
15 m/s, find the speed of water flow in A2 area!
Answer
Using continuity equation
A1v1 = A2v2
(5)(15) = (2) v2
v2 = 37,5 m/s
Question 3
A water tank with a little hole in its side shown below!
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3/19/2018 5 Common Problems of Fluid Dynamics
The location of hole from the ground is at distance H = 10 m and the distance of the hole to the water
surface is h = 3,2 m. Find:
a) speed of water flow from the hole
b) distance x reached by water flow
c) time taken by the water flow to reach the ground at the first time
Answer
a) speed of water flow
v = √(2gh)
v = √(2 x 10 x 3,2) = 8 m/s
Question 4
A ventury meter, used to measured speed flow in a pipe is shown below below!
The areas of the wide part and the narrow part of pipe are 5 cm2 and 3 cm2 respectively. The difference
in height between the two vertical tubes is 20 cm, find :
a) speed flow at the wide part
b) sped flow at narrow part
Answer
a) speed flow at the wide part
v1 = A2√ [(2gh) : (A12 − A22) ]
v1 = (3) √ [ (2 x 10 x 0,2) : (52 − 32) ]
v1 = 3 √ [ (4) : (16) ]
v1 = 1,5 m/s
Calculation Tips :
Keep the unit of areas in cm2 , g and h are in m/s2 and m. then v will be in m/s.
Question 5
The water installation using pipes at a home shown below! The ratio of wide area and narrow area is 4 :
1.
h1 is 5 m from the floor and h2 is 1 m diatas tanah. The water flow speed at wider area A1 is 36
km/hour with the pressure of 9,1 x 105 Pa. Find :
a) water flow speed at the narrow pipe
b) the pressure difference between two pipes
c) pressure at the narrow pipe
Use the water density (ρair = 1000 kg/m3)
Answer
Data :
h1 = 5 m
h2 = 1 m
v1 = 36 km/jam = 10 m/s
P1 = 9,1 x 105 Pa
A1 : A2 = 4 : 1
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