Problem 1

A 25-foot-long W10 x 54 is suspended and hanging from one end. If the modulus of elasticity is
29,000 ksi, determine the following.
a. What is the maximum tensile stress?
b. What is the maximum normal strain?
c. What is the stress distribution along the length?
d. What is the strain distribution along the length?
e. What is the extension of the member along its length?
f. What is the overall extension of the section under its own weight, plot the deformation along
the length of the section.

Given data:
Length (L) = 25ft
Section = W10 x 54
Modulus of Elasticity = 29000 ksi

Required:
a. What is the maximum tensile stress?
b. What is the maximum normal strain?
c. What is the stress distribution along the length?
d. What is the strain distribution along the length?
e. What is the extension of the member along its length?
f. What is the overall extension of the section under its own weight, plot the deformation along
the length of the section.

Solution:
Load on the section
P = L*W
In above equation ‘L’ is length of the section and weight per unit length is ‘W’.
So from section L= 25 ft and W= 54 lb/ft
So P = 25* 54
P= 1350 lb.
From AISC Manual take Area of the section which is
A=15.8 Sq.In

a. Now to calculate the maximum tensile stress

F = P/A
Here ‘P’ is load and ‘A’ is cross section Area
F = 1350/15.8
=85.44 Psi.
F== 85.44 Answer.

b. From equation Modulus of elasticity

E= f/€
Here, f is the tensile stress in Psi and is strain
 So € = f/E
85.44/29000000
2.35* 10-6
c. Shear Stresses along the length:
To resist the shear force, the element will develop the resisting stresses, which is known
as Shear stresses (τ)

τ = Shear force / Cross sectional area = S / A

d, Strain distribution along the length
Linear Strain distribution across the section is assumed and Maximum concrete strain
of 0.003 is used.
e. extension of the member along the length
Delta = PL /AE
= 1350 *25*12 /(15.8)*(29000000)
= 0.00088

Problem 2
The strain in member AB was measured to be 6.7 x 10-4. If the member is an L3 x 2 Τ 1 2 x Τ 1 4 of A36
steel, determine the following.
a. What is the change in length in inches?
b. What is the force in the member, is it tension of compression?
c. Assume that the individual forces applied at each node are all equal. What is the total force applied to
the truss and what are the reactions?
d. Without solving the entire truss what is the maximum tension force one needs to consider for the
design of this truss?

Given data
Strain = 6.7*10-4
Member = L3 x 2 Τ 1 2 x Τ 1 4
Steel = A36

Required
a. What is the change in length in inches?
b. What is the force in the member, is it tension of compression?
c. Assume that the individual forces applied at each node are all equal. What is the total force applied to
the truss and what are the reactions?
d. Without solving the entire truss what is the maximum tension force one needs to consider for the
design of this truss?

Solution
a. As we know that
Sinθ = Per/Hyp
So,
L = 9/Sin45ο
L = 12.73 ft
 Now we also know that
▲L = €L
▲L = 6.7*10-4 *(12.73 * 12)
▲L =0.136 in

▲L =0.136 in Answer.
b. Now we know that

f = €E
f = 6.7*10-4 *(29000)
=19.43 kips

C, Member forces in a truss.

D, Maximum tension force is 4.24 kips.

Problem 3 A tensile test was conducted on a specimen with a diameter of 0.5 inch. A strain gage
was bonded to the specimen so that the strain could be obtained directly. The following data
were obtained:
Load (lb) Strain (micro in./in.)
2,000 47
2,500 220
3,000 500
3,500 950
4,000 1,111
4,500 1,200
5,000 1,702
a. Create a table of stress and strain values.
b. Plot these data points, and draw a best-fit straight line through them.
c. What is the slope of this line? What does this value represent?

Solution:
a. As we know that
A= ₶D2 /4
By putting the values in above equation we get
A = 0.1963 in2
Now we can easily calculate the stress as б = F/A
So we have load(Forces) as well as Area A

Load (lb) Strain (micro in./in.) Stress(lb/in2)

2,000 47 10,184
2,500 220 12,732
3,000 500 15,279
3,500 950 17,825
4,000 1,111 20,372
4,500 1,200 22,918
5,000 1,702 25,465

b.

c. Slope is equal to 9,210,000 Psi which is equal to Modulus of elasticity.

Problem 4
A column is subjected to the following loads: dead load = 20 kips, occupancy live load = 10
kips, roof live load = 5kips, snow load = 7 kips, rain load = 5 kips, and wind load = 7kips. All
loads are compression except for the wind load, which can be either tension or compression.
a. If load and resistance factor design is used, determine the factored load (required strength)to
be used in the design of the column. Which AISC load combination controls?
b. What is the required design strength of the column?
c. What is the required nominal strength of the column for a resistance factor φ of 0.90?

Give data:
Dead load =D=20kips
Live load =L=10kips
Roof live load =Lr= 5kips
Snow load = S=7kips
Rain load =R=5kips
Wind load =W= 7kips
Required:
a. If load and resistance factor design is used, determine the factored load (required strength)to
be used in the design of the column. Which AISC load combination controls?
b. What is the required design strength of the column?
c. What is the required nominal strength of the column for a resistance factor φ of 0.90?

Solution:
Combination 1:
1.4D =1.4(20) =24 kips
Combination 2:
1.2D +1.6L +0.5S =1.2(20) +1.6(10) + 0.5(7) = 43.5 kips
Combination 3:
1.2D +1.6S +0.5L =1.2(20) +1.6(7) +0.5(10) = 40.2 kips
Combination 4:
1.2D +1.0W +0.5L +0.5S =1.2(20) +1.0(7) +0.5(10) +0.5(7) = 39.5 kips

a. Combination 2 is the required AISC load combination control.

Pu = 43.5 kips

b. Since Pu < θcPn So θcPn =43.5 kips

c. And we know that Pn = θcPn / θc = 43.5/0.9 = 48.33 kips

Pn= 48.33 kips
Problem 5
Structural steel buildings frequently are designed with diagonal bracing systems to resist lateral
loads (horizontal forces resulting from wind or earthquake loadings). A certain bracing system is
subjected to the following loads: dead load = 17 kips, occupancy live load = 8.5 kips, roof live
load = 1.5 kips, snow load = 1.5 kips, wind load = 160 kips, and earthquake load = 165 kips.
Determine the required factored load capacity for LRFD. Which load combination controls?

Given data:
Dead load = D= 17kips
Live load = L= 8.5kips
Roof live load =Lr =1.5 kips
Snow load =S= 1.5kips
Wind load =W= 160kips
Earthquake load =E=165 kips

Required:
a. Determine the required factored load capacity for LRFD. Which load combination
controls?

Solution:
Combination 1:
1.4D = 1.4(17) = 23.8 kips
Combination 2:
1.2D + 1.6L + 0.5Lr = 1.2(17) +1.6(8.5) +0.5(1.5) = 38.15 kips
Combination 3:
1.2D + 1.6S + 0.5W = 1.2(17) +1.6(1.5) +0.5(160) = 106.05kips
Combination 4:
1.2D + 1.0W + 0.5L + 0.5Lr = 1.2(17) +1.0(160)+ 0.5(8.5) +0.5(1.5) = 188.8kips
Combination 5:
1.2D + 1.0E +0.5L +0.2S =1.2(17) +1.0(165)+ 0,5(8.5)+0.2(1.5) =
193.35kips.

So Combination 5 is the control Combination of a load. Pu =193.35 Kips

Problem 6
Solve for the equilibrium of the forces and then obtain equations for shear and bending moment
diagrams at the different sections of the beam. Use the following three approaches
a) Set and solve for the equations of shear and bending moment
b) Use the graphical approach for the development of shear and moment diagrams
c) Use the MD-Solids package
MD Solid Software Verification.
Problem 7
Solve for the equilibrium of the forces and then obtain equations for shear and bending moment
diagrams at the different sections of the beam. Use the following three approaches
a) Set and solve for the equations of shear and bending moment
b) Use the graphical approach for the development of shear and moment diagrams
c) Use the MD-Solids package
MD Solid Software Verification.
Problem 8
Solve for the equilibrium of the forces and then obtain equations for shear and bending moment
diagrams at the different sections of the beam. Use the following three approaches
a) Set and solve for the equations of shear and bending moment
b) Use the graphical approach for the development of shear and moment diagrams
c) Use the MD-Solids package
 MD Solid Software Verification.
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