CAPITOL UNIVERSITY

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
Cagayan De Oro City

POWER PLANT ENGINEERING

ME 24
HYDROPOWER CALCULATIONS
TITLE

Plate No. 5

Evaluation Rating :
DATE PERFORMED:
December 8, 2020 Criteria for Rating (100 pts.)

DATE DUE: Criteria Actual

December 12, 2020 Score

▪ Promptness (20 pts.)

SUBMITTED BY: ▪ Neatness (10 pts.)

Vincent Rey Olario

▪ Computations/Answers/
Student Data Analysis and Sketches (40
pts.)
SUBMITTED TO:
▪ Conclusion and Recommendation
Dr. Rogelio C. Golez, Jr (30 pts.)
Professor
❑
Total Score
100
Remarks:

Semester: 1st
School Year: 2020 - 2021
 LABORATORY REPORT 4

HYDROPOWER CALCULATIONS

A. Objectives: To be able to;

1. Familiarize with the basic calculations for Hydroelectric generating power plant

2. Apply the formulas identified.

3. Calculate the hydropower.

B. Materials:

The HYDRO Power Plant

Schematic diagram of a Hydropower to Electric Power

C. TERMS AND DEFINITION

1. Reservoir
- a natural or artificial place where water is collected and stored for
use, especially water for supplying a community, irrigating land, furnishing power,
etc. a receptacle or chamber for holding a liquid or fluid.
2. Spillway
- a passageway through which surplus water escapes from a reservoir,
lake, or the like.
3. Dam
- a barrier of concrete, earth, etc, built across a river to create a body
of water for a hydroelectric power station, domestic water supply, etc. a reservoir
of water created by such a barrier. something that resembles or functions as
a dam.
4. Silt Sluice
-  is a water channel controlled at its head by a gate. A mill race, leet,
flume, penstock or lade is a sluice channelling water toward a water mill.
5. Trash Rack
-  is a wooden or metal structure, frequently supported by masonry, that
prevents water-borne debris (such as logs, boats, animals, masses of cut
waterweed, etc.) from entering the intake of a water mill, pumping station or
water conveyance.
6. Valve
- any device for halting or controlling the flow of a liquid, gas, or other
material through a passage, pipe, inlet, outlet, etc. a hinged lid or other movable
part that closes or modifies the passage in such a device.
7. Surge Chamber
-  is a large pressurized underground chamber creating a free surface in the
waterway to improve the dynamic abilities of the power plant waterways. It
is generally used for long waterways when a surge shaft can not be created
to fulfill the same purpose.

8. Penstock
-  is a sluice or gate or intake structure that controls water flow, or an
enclosed pipe that delivers water to hydro turbines and sewerage systems.
The term is inherited from the earlier technol0ogy of mill ponds and
watermills.
9. Turbine
- a machine for producing continuous power in which a wheel or rotor,
typically fitted with vanes, is made to revolve by a fast-moving flow of water,
steam, gas, air, or other fluid.
10. Generator
- a machine that converts one form of energy into another, especially
mechanical energy into electrical energy, as a dynamo, or electrical energy into
sound, as an acoustic generator. a person or thing that generates.
11. Draft Tube
- an airtight pipe or channel extending downward into the tailrace from a
turbine wheel located above it to make the whole fall available.
12. Tailrace
-  a race for conveying water away from a point of industrial application
(such as a waterwheel or turbine) after use.
13. Undershot wheel
-  a vertical waterwheel into the circumference of which are set blades that
are pushed by water passing underneath.

14. Breast shot wheel

- a waterwheel onto which the water is led at about axle height and which
acts partly by impulse and partly by the weight of the descending water in the
buckets — compare overshot wheel, undershot wheel.
15. Over shot wheel
- a vertical waterwheel the circumference of which is covered with cavities
or buckets and is turned by water that shoots over the top filling the buckets on
the farther side and acting chiefly by its weight
D. Three categories of Dams based on head levels

1.High-head: 328.084 ft.  or higher are considered high head.

2.Medium-head: Medium head systems generally have head differences
between between 32.8084 ft. to 328.084 ft.
3.Low-head: Low head dams are usually classified as systems with head
differences of around 32.8084 ft. or less

E. Scale of Hydropower in Watts

1. Large-hydro: more than 1000 kW

2. Medium-hydro: 15 - 100 MW
3. Small-hydro: 1 – 15 MW
4. Mini-hydro: Capacity between 100 - 500 kW 
5. Micro-hydro: from few kW up to 100 Kw
6. Pico-hydro: from a few hundred watts up to 5kW
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS. Show complete solutions.

1. A horizontal pipe carries oil with a specific gravity of 0.83. If two pressure gauges
along the pipe read 515 kPa and 430 kPa, respectively. Determine the head loss
between the two gauges.

a) 10.44 m b) 14.04 m c) 14.40 m d) 40.14 m

2. A hydro-electric power plant consumes 60,000,000 kW-hr per year. What is the net if
the expected flow is 1500 m3/min and over-all efficiency is 63%?
 a) 34.34 m b) 43.43 m c) 44.33 m d) 33.44 m
3. The water turbine of a 5-MW hydro-power plant has a specific speed of 40 rpm and a
discharge of 2020 lps. What is the approximate diameter of the jet.
a) 191 mm b) 171 mm c) 181 mm d) 161 mm

4. The head required to produced a flow of the water.

a) static head b) pressure head c) velocity head d) dynamic head

5. A cylindrical pipe with water flowing downward at 0.03 m 3/sec having top diameter of 0.08m, bottom
diameter of 0.04m and height of 1.5m. Find the pressure between the pipe.
a) 154.63 kPa b) 197.93 kPa c) 252.44 kPa d) 243.92 kPa
6 - 8. A pipe carrying water experiences a sudden reduction in area as shown.
The area at point (1) is 0.002 m 2 and at point (2) it is 0.001 m 2. The
pressure at point (2) is 500 kPa and the velocity is 8 m/s. The loss
coefficient K is 0.40. The density of water is
3
1000 kg/m .

6. The mass flow rate is

a. 4 kg/s c. 8 kg/s
b. 10 kg/s d. 12 kg/s

7. The pressure at point (1) is

a. 227 kPa c. 327 kPa
b. 427 kPa d. 527 kPa

8. The volume flow rate is

a. 0.008 m3/s c. 0.004 m3/s
b. 0.010 m3/s d. 0.012 m3/s
9. Small hydropower plants usually use (part-) river flow as driving ________.

a. force b. turbine c. dam d. forebay

10. Flow data should be gathered over a period of at least one year where possible, so as to
ascertain the fluctuation in river flow over the various seasons. At least measures must be taken
during _____ season to assure that there is always enough water to power the turbine. 

a. dry b. wet c. winter d. autumn

11. A hydraulic machine that converts hydraulic energy to mechanical energy by

allowing water to flow in one side, then out the other side of a cylindrical turbine runner.
a. Francis turbine c. Turgo turbine
b. Crossflow turbine d. Pelton turbine
12. The impoundment immediately above a dam or hydroelectric plant intake
structure. The term is applicable to all types of hydroelectric developments (i.e.,
storage, run-of-river, and pumped storage).
a. Penstock c. Spillway
b. Runner d. Forebay
13. Adjustable vanes that surround a reaction turbine runner and control the area
available for water to enter the turbine.
a. Spillway gates c. Wicket gates
b. Flood gate d. Weir gates
14. Hydropower potential means:
a. An amount of water (flow) which flows down a certain height
b. A non-renewable energy source capable of producing potential energy
c. A kinetic energy than converts into electricity
d. None of the above
15. Water is pumped from a lower reservoir into an upper reservoir, usually during
off-peak hours, while flow is reversed to generate electricity during the daily peak
load period or at other times of need.
a. Pumped storage plants c. Run-of-river hydropower plant
b. Diesel power plants d. Large hydropower plant