CAPITOL UNIVERSITY

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
Cagayan De Oro City

POWER PLANT ENGINEERING

ME 24

HVAC PLAN SYMBOLS, DEFINITION, AND PSYCHOMETRIC ANALYSIS CALCULATION

TITLE

Plate No. 9

DATE PERFORMED: EVALUATION RATING :

December 9, 2020 Criteria for Rating (100 pts.)

Criteria Actual
DATE DUE: Score
 Promptness (20 pts.)
December 12, 2020
 Neatness (10 pts.)
 Computations/Answers
/
SUBMITTED BY: Data Analysis and
Sketches (40 pts.)
Vincent Rey Olario  Conclusion and
Student Recommendation
(30 pts.)
❑
SUBMITTED TO: Total Score 100

Dr. Rogelio C. Golez, Jr

Professor

1st SEMESTER School Year: 2020 -2021

AIR CONDITIONING AND VENTILATION SYSTEM

LABORATORY REPORT # 9

TITLE: HVAC PLAN SYMBOLS, DEFINITION, AND PSYCHROMETRIC ANALYSIS

CALCULATION

OBJECTIVES: (Student’s should formulate the objectives)

THEORY:

I. Identify the symbols and define the following list of HVAC equipment:

1.Pump

pump is a device that transfers heat energy from a source

of heat to what is called a thermal reservoir. ... The most
common design of a heat pump involves four main components
– a condenser, an expansion valve, an evaporator and a
compressor.

2.Rotary Pump

A rotary vane pump is a positive-displacement pump that
consists of vanes mounted to a rotor that rotates inside a cavity. In
some cases these vanes can have variable length and/or be tensioned
to maintain contact with the walls as the pump rotates.

3.Fan

fans and blowers are used to move air through

heating, ventilating, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems.
They are an integral part of the air handling systems that
bring or draw fresh air into buildings

4.Centrifugal fan

A centrifugal fan is a mechanical device for moving air or other gases in a direction
at an angle to the incoming fluid. These fans increase the speed and
volume of an air stream with the rotating impellers.
5.Air Filter

HVAC filters are an important home component, the part of

your HVAC system that removes any air impurities. ... However, due to
its affordability, it's a popular HVAC air filter choice. Pleated
Media Filter – The pleated media filter has a MERV rating between 5
and 13, meaning it can trap mold spores and pet dander.

6.Air compressor

The compressor is the heart of the cooling function of heating,

ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) systems. The air
conditioner component of a building's HVAC system essentially is a
type of refrigerator that cools and dehumidifies the air in the building,
ensuring thermal comfort for the occupants

7.Condenser

A condenser unit used in central air conditioning systems typically

has a heat exchanger section to cool down and condense incoming
refrigerant vapor into liquid, a compressor to raise the pressure of
the refrigerant and move it along, and a fan for blowing outside air
through the heat exchanger section to cool the .

8.Valve

valve removes pressure from the liquid refrigerant to allow

expansion or change of state from a liquid to a vapor in the evaporator.
The high-pressure liquid refrigerant entering the expansion valve is
quite warm. The orifice within the valve does not remove heat, but only
reduces pressure.

9.Axial fan

An axial fan is a type of fan that causes gas to flow through it in

an axial direction, parallel to the shaft about which the blades rotate.
The flow is axial at entry and exit. The fan is designed to produce a
pressure difference, and hence force, to cause a flow through
the fan.

10.Ventilator
A ventilator is a device that replaces the stale, recirculated air inside
your home with fresh, filtered outdoor air. An energy
recovery ventilator (ERV) is ideal for warm and humid climates, since
it cools and dehumidifies the incoming outdoor air.
11. Variable bend
Parabolic, elliptical and other non-circular bends are variable-
radius bends, also known as multi-radius bends.
When bending materials to an elliptical or parabolic configuration the
radius of the bent section will be changing throughout the arc
(or bent section) and stay in one plane.

12. Miter bend

A Miter bend is a bend which is made by cutting pipe ends at an

angle and joining the pipe ends. Similarly three pipes cut at 22.5
degrees will give a 90 degree miter bend.

13. Junction up

Junction, juncture refer to a place, line, or point at which two or

more things join. A junction is also a place where things come together:
the junction of two rivers.

14. Junction bottom

Junction, juncture refer to a place, line, or point at which two or more
things join. A junction is also a place where things come together:
the junction of two rivers.

15. Y junction
A Y junction (or Y intersection) generally has three arms of equal
size. 

16. 3 way junction

A three-way junction (or three-way intersection) is a type
of road intersection with three arms.
17. Bend

The Bend is a curve part in a road, river, path, or racing circuit.

18. Temperature control

The Temperature shape shows a kind of device to measure temperature.

19. Humidity control

The Humidity shape shows a kind of device to measure humidity.

20. Chiller control

The Chiller is a machine for removing heat from a liquid through a circle of
vapor compression, absorption, and refrigeration.

21. Dehumidifying System

Dehumidification occurs when air passing through a chilled water
coil, a refrigerant coil or a chemical dehumidifier releases moisture and
is dehumidified. When using a chemical dehumidifier, the process is
heating and dehumidifying.

22. Drier

The Drier is a kind of substance or device to accelerate the drying or

extract moisture.

23. Filter

The Filter is a porous device for removing impurities or solid particles from a

liquid or gas that passes through it.
24. Straight duct

Ducting is an approach to air management that uses a series of

metal or plastic pipse to carry heated or cooled air from one place to
another. A duct system is often referred to as ductwork.  Ducts are
naturally passive because they have no moving parts.

25. Branch duct

An air duct which branches from a main duct; at this point the main duct is

reduced in cross-sectional area.

26. Smoke control

Smoke control systems (or smoke management systems) are mechanical

systems that control the movement of smoke during a fire. Most are
intended to protect occupants while they are evacuating or being sheltered in
place.

27. Pressure control

The HVACR industry has traditionally used mechanical pressure switches

for system control and the protection of refrigeration equipment. ... High-
pressure controls sense compressor discharge pressure and can stop the
compressor in case of excessively high pressures.

28. Timer control

The Timer shape shows a device to count time.

29. Power control

First and foremost, HVAC stands for heating, ventilation, and air conditioning. This

system provides heating and cooling to residential and commercial buildings.
You can find HVAC systems anywhere from single-family homes to
submarines where they provide the means for environmental comfort.

30. Zone damper

A zone damper (also known as a Volume Control Damper or VCD) is a
specific type of damper used to control the flow of air in an HVAC heating or
cooling system. Zone dampers as used in home HVAC systems are usually
electrically powered.
II. Define the following Psychrometric terms:

1. Wet-bulb
- . Wet bulb temperature is the lowest temperature to which air can be cooled by
the evaporation of water into the air at a constant pressure.
2. Dry-bulb
- The Dry Bulb Temperature refers basically to the ambient air temperature. It is
called "Dry Bulb" because the air temperature is indicated by a thermometer not
affected by the moisture of the air.
3. Moisture
- Moisture Content and Humidity Ratio is the amount of water vapor by weight in
dry air. The moisture content of air is expressed as the weight of water vapor per
unit weight of dry air (lbH2O/lbair, kgH2O/kgair).
4. Humidity
- Humidity is the state of air when it's full of water vapor. Humidity is the noun form
of the adjective humid, which is used to describe moist air—air that's full of water
vapor. Humidity is most commonly used in reference to weather or the general
climate of a place, especially when the temperature is hot.
5. Relative humidity
- Relative humidity also measures water vapor but RELATIVE to the temperature of
the air. It is expressed as the amount of water vapor in the air as a percentage of
the total amount that could be held at its current temperature
6. Humidity ratio
- The specific humidity or humidity ratio of an air sample is the ratio of the weight
of water vapor contained in the sample compared to the weight of the dry air in the
same sample.
7. Enthalpy
- Enthalpy in the psychrometric chart can read from where the appropriate wet-
bulb line crosses the diagonal scale above the saturation curve.
8. Grains of moisture
- This weight of water is expressed either in pounds of water per pound of dry air or
in grains of water per pound of dry air, and is called the Specific Humidity,
or Humidity Ratio. A grain of water is approximately one drop, and there are
7,000 grains of water to one pound of water.
9. Saturation line
- 100% RH indicates the air is saturated and cannot hold any more moisture.
Preferred values of comfort for people are between 35% and 60%. Lines of
constant relative humidity are shown as exponential lines on
the psychrometric chart. The line at 100% is referred to as the saturation line.
-
10. Specific volume
- Specific volume of air in psychrometric chart is defined as the number of cubic
meters occupied by one kilogram of a dry air.
11. Dehumidification
- The process in which the moisture or water vapor or the humidity is removed from
the air keeping its dry bulb (DB) temperature constant is called as
the dehumidification process. This article describes psychrometric processes
like dehumidification, cooling and dehumidification, and heating
and dehumidification.
 12. Dew point temperature
- The dew point is the temperature to which air must be cooled to become
saturated with water vapor. When cooled further, the airborne water vapor will
condense to form liquid water (dew). The measurement of the dew point is related
to humidity. A higher dew point means there is more moisture in the air.
13. Saturation temperature
- Important psychrometric properties: Dry bulb temperature (DBT) is
the temperature of the moist air as measured by a standard thermometer or
other temperature measuring instruments. Saturated vapour pressure (psat) is
the saturated partial pressure of water vapour at the dry bulb temperature.
14. Atmospheric air
-  Atmospheric air makes up the environment in almost every type
of air conditioning system. Psychrometry is the study of the properties of mixtures
of air and water vapour. Atmospheric air is a mixture of many gases plus water
vapour and a number of pollutants
15. Humidification
- The process of increasing the water vapour content of a gas.

III. Discuss the following:

1. Air-Water Vapor Mixture

- The state of the air-water vapor mixture can be defined by knowing the
temperature, the ratio of mass of water vapor to air in the mixture and the total
pressure in the mixture. In our consideration the total pressure is at or close to (the
building may be slightly pressurized) the local barometric pressure.

2. Properties of Moist air

- Atmospheric air is the mixture of both dry air and water vapor. It is this mixture that
is referred to as moist air. Psychrometrics is the name given to the study of the air
and water vapor mixture. Seven properties of atmospheric air are shown on the
psychrometric chart. These properties are: dry bulb temperature, wet bulb
temperature, dew point, humidity ratio, relative humidity, specific volume, and
specific enthalpy.
 3. Intensive Moist Air Properties
- Consider the enthalpy of the mixture …

H  Ha  Hw
H  ma ha  mwhw
In air conditioning applications, the water vapor mass can vary due to condensation or
evaporation (dehumidification or humidification). Thus, specific properties of the mixture are
based on the dry air,

H  ma ha  mw hw
H mw
h  ha  hw
ma ma
h  ha   hw
 Units: Btu/lbma or kJ/kga

Using ideal gas mixing for the components of moist air, the internal energy, enthalpy, heat
capacities, and entropy of the mixture can be calculated by,
 u  ua  T    u w  T 

h  ha  T    hw  T 

c p  c pa  T    c pw  T 

cv  cva  T    cvw  T 

s  sa  T , Pa    sw  T , Pw 
 4. Air Handling Unit
- An Air Handling Unit (AHU) is used to re-condition and circulate air as part of a
heating, ventilating and air-conditioning system.
The basic function of the AHU is take in outside air, re-condition it and supply it as
fresh air to a building. All exhaust air is removed, which creates an acceptable
indoor air quality. Depending on the required temperature of the re-conditioned air,
the fresh air is either heated by a recovery unit or heating coil, or cooled by a
cooling coil.
In buildings, where the hygienic requirements for air quality are lower, some of the
air from the rooms can be re-circulated via a mixing chamber and this can result in
significant energy savings. A mixing chamber has dampers for controlling the ratio
between the return, outside and exhaust air. 

5. Types of Air-conditioning System

a. Window air-conditioning system
- Window air conditioner is sometimes referred to as room air conditioner as well. It is
the simplest form of an air conditioning system and is mounted on windows or
walls. It is a single unit that is assembled in a casing where all the components are
located.This refrigeration unit has a double shaft fan motor with fans mounted on
both sides of the motor. One at the evaporator side and the other at the condenser
side.

b. Split air-conditioning system

- A split air conditioner consists of two main parts – a compressor located outside
and an inside air outlet unit. Unlike a system that requires a series of ductwork
networked throughout the ceiling, split air conditioners rely on a set of pipes to
connect the outdoor to the inside air unit which is why there are referred to as
a ductless mini-split air conditioner installation. Refrigerant is dispersed through the
copper pipes that cycle through the system to generate either heated or cold air.

c. Centralized air-conditioning system

- Central air conditioning (or central A/C) is a system in which air is cooled at a
central location and distributed to and from rooms by one or more fans and
ductwork. The work of the air conditioner compressor is what makes the whole
process of air conditioning possible. The compression of the refrigerant gas
enables it to discharge heat out of the house, which is how the cool air is created.

Types of central air conditioners

There are two types of central air conditioners: a split system or a packaged unit.
In a split-system central air conditioner, an outdoor metal cabinet contains the condenser and
compressor, and an indoor cabinet contains the evaporator. In many split-system air
conditioners, this indoor cabinet also contains a furnace or an air handler. The air
conditioner's evaporator coil is installed in the cabinet or main supply duct of this furnace or
heat pump. If your home already has a furnace but no air conditioner, a split system is the
most economical central air conditioner to install.

In a packaged central air conditioner, the evaporator, condenser, and compressor are all
located in one cabinet, which usually is placed on a roof or on a concrete slab next to the
house's foundation. Air supply and return ducts come from indoors through the home's
exterior wall or roof to connect with the packaged air conditioner, which is usually located
outdoors. Packaged air conditioners often include electric heating coils or a natural gas
furnace. This combination of air conditioner and central heater eliminates the need for a
separate furnace indoors.

d. Package air-conditioning system

-  A package air conditioner contains an air conditioner and an air handler. For added
comfort and heating capabilities, you can add heat strips. This is typically going to
be the right unit for you if you want all-electric heating and cooling capabilities.
Frigidaire’s package air conditioners range in efficiency from 13 SEER to 15 SEER,
making them a great option if you want to upgrade from an old system that may
have only been 10 SEER.