A

Presentation
On
COOLING TOWERS

Submitted To: Submitted By:

Engr. Syed Ejaz Haider Asadullah (15926)

(Pro. Chemical Engineering & 7th Semester

Technology Department)
 CONTENTS

1- Introduction
2- Working Principal of cooling tower
3- Components of cooling tower
4- Types of cooling tower
5- Assessment of cooling tower
6- Factors affect performance
7- Conclusion
8- References
 Introduction
 Semi-enclosed device for evaporative cooling of water by contact
with
air
 cooling towers vary in size from small roof-top untis to very large
hyperboloid structures

❖ Classification by use

By use By build
Heating, ventilation and air condition (HVAQ) Package type
Industrial cooling towers Field erected type
 Working
Air from the atmosphere enters from the bottom of cooling
tower and flows upward. Warm water (typically about 120F)
flows in the top of cooling tower thru a water distribution
header (to break the water into droplets) and cooler water
exits the tower at the bottom
Hot water transfer heat to cooler air as it pass thru the cooling
tower. Sensible heat accounts for aprpox. 15% of the heat
transfer in cooling towers. Evaporation of the liquid water to
water vapor accounts for approx. 85% of the heat transfer in
cooling tower. when the liquid water change to vapor, it takes
heat energy with it leaving behind cooler liquid water.
Evaporation removes approximately 1000 BTU's for every lb
of liquid water that evaporates.
 Components of cooling tower

Frame and casing: Support exterior enclosures

Fill: Facilitates heat transfer by maximizing water/air

Contact

 Splash fill
 Film fill

Cold water basin: Receives water at bottom of tower

 Components of cooling tower

 Drift eliminators: Capture droplets in air stream

 Air inlet: Entry point of air

 Louvers: Equalize air flow into the fill and retain water
within tower

 Nozzles: Spray water to wet the fill

 Fans: Deliver air flow in the tower

 Types of cooling tower
Natural Draft cooling tower

➢ Hot air moves through tower

➢ Fresh cool air is drawn into the tower
from bottom
➢ No fan required
➢ Concrete tower <200m
➢ Used for large heat duties
 Mechanical Draft Cooling Towers

▪ Large fan to force air though circulated

water

▪ Water falls over fill surface: maximum

heat transfer

▪ Cooling rate depend many parameters

▪ Large range of capacities

▪ Can be grouped, e.g 8-cell tower

 Mechanical Draft Cooling Towers

Three types
❑Forced draft
❑Induced draft cross flow
❑Induced draft counter flow

Forced Draft Cooling Tower

o Air blown through tower by centrifugal fan at air inlet

o Advantages: Suited for high air resistance & fans

are relatively quiet

oDisadvantages: Recirculation due to high air-entry and

low air- exited velocities
 Induced Draft Cooling Towers
 Two types:
 Cross flow
 Counter flow

 Advantages: less circulation than forced draft towers

 Disadvantages: Fans and motor drive mechanism

require
 Weather- proofing
Induced Draft Cooling Tower Types
Counter Flow Cross Flow

•Hot water enters at the top
•Air enters at bottom and exits
at top
•Uses force and induced draft
fans
•Water enters top and passes over fill
•Air enters on one side or opposite
sides
•Induced draft fan draw air across fill
 Assessment of cooling Towers
Range
This is the difference between the cooling tower
water inlet and outlet temperature.
A high CT range means that the cooling tower
has been able to reduce the water temperature
effectively, and is thus performing well

Approach
This is deference between the cooling tower
outlet cold water temperature and ambient wet
bulb temperature. Although, both range and
approach should be monitored, the Approach is
better indicator of cooling tower performance
 Assessment of cooling Towers

Effectiveness
This is the ratio between the range and the
ideal range, i.e. difference between cooling
water inlet temperature and ambient wet bulb
temperature, or in other words it is
=Range/(Range + Approach).
Factors that affect the performance of cooling tower
1. Blow down Losses:
2. Evaporation Loss:
3. Drift Loss:
 Conclusion
 The design of cooling tower is closely related to tower
characteristic and difference types of losses generated in
cooling tower.
 Even though losses are generated in the cooling tower, the
cooling tower is achieved due to heat transfer between air
and water.
 In ideal condition, the heat loss by water must be to heat
gain by air.
 But in actual practice it is not possible because of some
types of losses