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Practical Research 2
Quarter 2 – Module 10
Drawing Logical Conclusions from Research Findings
Practical Research 1 Grade 12
Quarter 02 – Module 07: Drawing Logical Conclusions from Research Findings
First Edition, 2020

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Writers: Allyn Joy D. Calcaben
Editors:
Reviewers: Dr. Paulino Tado, Dr. Belen Tado
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Template Developer: Neil Edward D. Diaz
Management Team: Mario S. Gregorio, Ed.D. – TNTS Principal IV
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Practical Research 2
Quarter 2 – Module 7
Drawing Logical Conclusions from Research Findings
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

Welcome to the Practical Research 2 Self-Engaging Module (SEM)!

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by

educators both from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher
or facilitator in helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12
Curriculum while overcoming their personal, social, and economic
constraints in schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and
independent learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this
also aims to help learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking
into consideration their needs and circumstances.

As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to use

this module. You also need to keep track of the learners’ progress while
allowing them to manage their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected
to encourage and assist the learners as they do the tasks included in the
module

For the learner:

Welcome to the Practical Research 2 Self-Engaging Module (SEM)

Module

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful
opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time.
You will be enabled to process the contents of the learning resource while
being an active learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

Let Us Learn! In this portion, objectives of the new lesson

will be introduced

Let Us Try! This will give you an idea of the skills or

competencies you are expected to learn in
the module

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 Let Us Study This is where the new lesson is introduced

Let Us Practice This comprises of activities for independent

practice to solidify your understanding and
skills of the topic. You may check answers
to the exercises using the answer key at
the end of the module.

Let Us Practice More This section provides an activity which will

help you transfer your new knowledge into
real life situations or concerns

Let Us Remember This includes questions or blank sentences

paragraphs to be filled in to process what
you have learned from the lesson

Let Us Assess This is a task which aims to evaluate your

level of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.

Let Us Enhance In this portion, another activity will be

given to you to enrich your knowledge or
skill of the lesson learned

Let Us Reflect Closing note of the relevance, meaning an

application of the concepts and skills
developed in the lesson to real life
experiences

At the end of this module, you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in

developing this module.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any
part of the module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the
exercises.

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 2. Do not forget to answer Let us Try before moving on to the other
activities included in the module.

3. Read the instructions carefully before doing each task.

4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your
answers.

5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.

6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you through with

it.

If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module,

do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that
you are not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful

learning and gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can
do it!

Let Us Learn!

This module focuses on activities in data collection. After administering of

questionnaires, survey or after conducting focus group discussion, data will
be collected and analyzed.

After going through this module, you are expected to:

a. understand the guidelines in formulating conclusions.

b. apply the guidelines and strategies in writing effective conclusions.
c. formulate logical conclusions based from the research findings.
Competencies:
1. draws conclusions from research findings CS_RS12_IIh-j-1

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 Let Us Try!

Task A. Write TRUE if the statement is true, and FALSE otherwise.

________________ 1. Two different researchers may be presented with the

same data analysis results and discuss them
differently, uncovering alternative insights linked to
the research question, each using a different lens.
________________ 2. The conclusion allows the researcher to remind the
reader of the most important concepts relating to
the issue under discussion and to demonstrate their
interconnectedness.
________________ 3. A good conclusion chapter should discuss the
researcher’s own assumptions and ideas about the
topic under study.
________________ 4. Conclusions should specifically answer the
questions posed in the “Scope & Delimitations” of
your research study.
________________ 5. A weak future research section and weak discussion
of the research limitations does not make the study
fragile/lacking rigor and depth.
________________ 6. Conclusions should contain apologetic statements
for unresolved problems in the study.
________________ 7. The final account of the research project, the thesis
or the report of the research should be
communicated as fully, as comprehensively, as
completely and as clearly as possible.
________________ 8. The number of conclusions coincide with the
number of specific findings.
________________ 9. In the final chapter of the thesis, or the final section
of the research report, the researcher presents the
conclusions and recommendations of the research
project.
________________ 10. Intertwining your conclusion with the introduction
of your research paper can be a good strategy as you
will end with the scenario that you have evidences
to contribute a new understanding to a field of
study.

Task B. Read the statements at the left column and write your conclusion at
the right column.

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 Situation Therefore, I conclude that….
1. You are attending your Math
class at 3:00 P.M., and
suddenly you heard a loud
bang from the sky.
2. You are about to open the door
of your house when you heard
your mom and dad arguing
about your college plans.
3. You failed to remind your
classmates at your FB Group
Chat (GC) to bring the
materials for the coastal clean-
up drive.
4. Your teacher reminded you to
study your previous lessons for
the upcoming quarterly exam.
However, a close relative died
in the next town, who is
scheduled to be buried on the
same day of your exam.
5. Your friend invited you to her
birthday party. You failed to
inform your parents because
you don’t have a cellphone
load.

Guide Questions:

1. Reflect on your given conclusions, do you think it is valid? Explain your

answer.
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________

2. In writing research conclusions, what factors should be considered?

_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________

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 Let Us Study

Conclusions represent inferences drawn from the findings of the study.

The number of conclusions coincide with the number of specific findings. You
must formulate the conclusions concisely and briefly. It should not contain
any number of measurements. If there are tested hypothesis in the study, the
rejection or acceptance of hypothesis are placed under conclusions.

Since the conclusion is the result, it should give the final impression and
it should summarize the learnings from the study. It leaves the reader in no
doubt that you have answered the questions posed in your paper. It is a
wrapped-up of the entire project and its completeness.

Guidelines in Writing Your Research Conclusion

In writing your conclusion, make sure to have a brief introductory

statement before itemizing the answers to your research questions.
Remember that your conclusion should address or answer every research
inquiry you have in your research study. Here are some points you have to
keep in mind.
1. Avoid merely summarizing.
Make inferences from the summary of results.

2. State your conclusion in a clear and simple language.

Emphasize the purpose of your study then relate how your findings
differ from other studies.

3. Do not just reiterate the discussion of your results.

Provide a synthesis of arguments presented in the paper to show how
these converge to address the research problem and the overall
objectives of your study.

4. Avoid using numerals, figures, or simply repeating the results.

The focus of this part of research paper is not presenting results nor
findings. Inferences and implications are emphasized in the conclusions
of the study.

5. Indicate opportunities for future research.

Highlighting the need for further studies provides the reader with that
evidence that you have an in-depth awareness of the research problem.

Please take note that there are different ways of formatting your conclusion.
You can have it numbered or in paragraphs, depending on your institutional
format.

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Research Implications
Research Implications are important content of your conclusion. It
refers to the logical relations and their result in a given situation. The
conclusions you draw from the findings, how you linked those to a specific
theory or practice comprises the implication of the study. There are two forms
of implications: the practical and theoretical implications.

Practical Implication is also called as convenient implication. It is a

realistic explanation of what your research findings might mean and the fact
that would arise if those circumstances were met.

Studying the implications of room-to-room campaign reveals that, it is

more effective in increasing awareness of how to fight COVID-19 than
announcing it during the students’ morning assembly.

Theoretical implication is a statement that supports or contradicts a

theory, previous study findings, or creates something entirely new. It also
represents the literature in your theoretical section.

Based on Bolman’s Leadership Framework, results indicate that majority

of the Student Government officers significantly possess symbolic
leadership. Given that this is their strength, it supports that the results
that leadership style is significantly correlated to two-way communication
of the organization. Results also support that avenue for open forum or
discussion were provided.

Here is an example of how conclusion answers the research questions

and was drawn from summary of findings.

Research Title:
Predominant Factors Affecting the Career Choice
of Grade 12 Students in Tagum National Trade School
Research Questions Summary of Conclusion
Findings
1. What are different Career choice In light of the findings, the
influences in the of students is following conclusion is drawn, the
career choice of largely influenced chose career of students are
Grade 12 by environmental influenced by someone significant
students? factor. to them. People who have made an
impact in someone’s life affects
major decisions in life.

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Strategies for Writing an Effective Conclusion

Here are some suggestions on strategies with examples for writing effective
conclusions:

1. Conclusions are intertwined with the introduction.

Intertwining your conclusion with the introduction of your research
paper can be a good strategy as you will end with the scenario that
you have evidences to contribute a new understanding to a field of
study.

Introduction:

Reproductive health education is one area of research

that should be tackled in schools. High school students should
be exposed to any of its ways of disseminating and
communicating issues or reproductive health education of high
school students shall be the focus of the study.

Conclusion:

The high school student respondents are not fully aware

and have little knowledge in reproductive health education on
the following areas: social and gender related issues, family
planning and other clinical services.

2. Conclusions are inferences and generalizations based upon the

findings.

Based on a research study on “Factors affecting the career

choices of high school students“ two (2) conclusions can be
drawn from the findings of the study:

Conclusion 1: Males prefer technology-based courses while

females prefer business-related courses.

Conclusion 2: There is a significant difference between the

career choices of male and female high school
respondents.

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3. Conclusions should specifically answer the questions posed in the
“Statement of the Problem” of your research study.

If the profile of the respondents should be used to test the

variation on other measures, here are some examples of
possible conclusions:

Conclusion 1: Majority of the respondents are aged 12 –16

and mostly are males.

Conclusion 2: Respondents of the study are mostly Catholics.

Conclusion 3: Among the profile of the respondents, age and

gender are significantly related to achievement
in mathematics.

If the problems raised in in research study entitled “reading

difficulties of 1st year high school students” were:

Problem 1: In what areas do the students respondents

encounter difficulties in reading?

Problem 2: Is the profile of the student respondents

significantly related to their reading difficulties?

The corresponding conclusions may be the following

statements:

Conclusion 1: The student respondents had problems in

the following areas of English reading test:
Vocabulary, sentence structure, and
reading comprehension.

Conclusion 2: Profile of the student respondents such as

gender and mental ability are significantly
related to the reading difficulties of the
student respondents.

4. Conclusions should contain facts or actual results from the inquiry

or research studies. Conclusions should never be based from
implied or indirect implications of the findings.

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 In a research study on the “evaluation of mainstreaming
special education (SPED) for visual impaired” of DepEd, results
indicated that teachers are not majors of SPED and that the
facilities are inadequate to support the program:

It cannot be concluded that mainstreaming SPED for visually

impaired is weak due to non-qualification of teachers and lack of
facilities. These statements are implied or indirect. Further study
should be made to determine the weakness of the SPED program (in
this case) due to school factors such as teacher qualifications and
adequacy of facilities.

Other Guidelines in Writing Conclusions

An effective way to writing a conclusion is to provide completion of your

research paper. The reader should feel satisfied after you have fully explained
all of what you have fully accomplished.

1. Conclusions should be clearly, concisely, and briefly stated.

2. Conclusions should be original and accurate.
3. Conclusions should not introduce new arguments, new ideas or
information not related to your research study.
4. Conclusions should leave the reader with an interesting final
impression.
5. Conclusions should refer only to the subjects or population for your
research study.
6. Conclusions should contain categorical statements. Refrain from using
words like perhaps or maybe, or those words that would imply
unresolved issues this.
7. Conclusions should not contain apologetic statements for unresolved
problems in the study.
The conclusion also provides a place for the researcher to restate the
research problem convincingly and briefly. The last part of the body of the
report presents the conclusions and recommendations based on the results.
Findings state facts, conclusions represent inferences drawn from findings. A
writer is sometimes reluctant to make conclusions and leaves the task to the
readers. Avoid this temptation when possible. As a researcher, you are the
one best informed on the factors that critically influenced the findings and
conclusions. The following are basic suggestion writing conclusion:

1. It is the answer to the main problem.

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 2. it will confirm or negate the theory or theories where in the study is
anchored.
3. It will restate principal topic.
4. open to further investigation if needed.
5. It restates principal argument.
6. Conclusion is novel in nature.
7. It summarized counterpoints.
8. It is not biased.
9. It is based on the findings of the study.
10. Stated in the simplest possible terms.
11. Conclusion is sometimes the basis of further studies.
12. Summarize and evaluate the experimental procedure.

The conclusion is the researcher's way of summing up the main purpose

of the essay and reviewing the relevant issues that were discussed in the body
of the essay for the reader. The conclusion allows the researcher to remind
the reader of the most important concepts relating to the issue under
discussion and to demonstrate their interconnectedness. This will allow the
reader to see the “big picture” as it relates to the problem being addressed.

Structure and Writing Style

A. General Rules
When writing the conclusion to your paper, follow these general rules:
• State your conclusions in clear, simple language.
• Do not simply reiterate your results or the discussion.
• Indicate opportunities for future research, if you have not already
done so in the discussion section of your paper.

The function of your paper's conclusion is to restate the main

argument. It reminds the reader of the strengths of your main
argument(s) and reiterates the most important evidence supporting
those argument(s). Make sure, however, that your conclusion is not
simply a repetitive summary of the findings because this reduces the
impact of the argument(s) you have developed in your essay.

Consider the following points to help ensure your conclusion is

appropriate:
1. If the argument or point of your paper is complex, you may need
to summarize the argument for your reader.
2. If, prior to your conclusion, you have not yet explained the
significance of your findings or if you are proceeding inductively,

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 use the end of your paper to describe your main points and
explain their significance.
3. Move from a detailed to a general level of consideration that
returns the topic to the context provided by the introduction or
within a new context that emerges from the data.

The conclusion also provides a place for you to restate your research
problem persuasively and succinctly, given that the reader has now
been presented with all the information about the topic. Depending on
the discipline you are writing in, the concluding paragraph may contain
your reflections on the evidence presented, or on the essay's central
research problem. However, the nature of being introspective about the
research you have done will depend on the topic and whether your
professor wants you to express your observations in this way.

Do not delve into idle speculation. Being introspective means

looking within yourself as an author to try and understand an issue
more deeply not to guess at possible outcomes.

B. Developing a Compelling Conclusion

Strategies to help you move beyond merely summarizing the key
points of your research paper may include any of the following.
1. If your essay deals with a contemporary problem, warn readers of
the possible consequences of not attending to the problem.
2. Recommend a specific course or courses of action.
3. Cite a relevant quotation or expert opinion to lend authority to
the conclusion you have reached [a good place to look is research
from your literature review].
4. Restate a key statistic, fact, or visual image to drive home the
ultimate point of your paper.
5. If your discipline encourages personal reflection, illustrate your
concluding point with a relevant narrative drawn from your own
life experiences.
6. Return to an anecdote, an example, or a quotation that you
introduced in your introduction, but add further insight that is
derived from the findings of your study; use your interpretation
of results to reframe it in new ways.

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 7. Provide a "take-home" message in the form of a strong, succinct
statement that you want the reader to remember about your
study.
C. Problems to Avoid

1. Failure to be concise. The conclusion section should be concise

and to the point. Conclusions that are too long often have
unnecessary detail. The conclusion section is not the place for
details about your methodology or results. Although you should
give a summary of what was learned from your research, this
summary should be relatively brief, since the emphasis in the
conclusion is on the implications, evaluations, insights, etc. that
you make.
2. Failure to comment on larger, more significant issues. In the
introduction, your task was to move from general to specific.
However, in the conclusion, your task is to move from specific
back to general. In other words, the conclusion is where you place
your research within a larger context.
3. Failure to reveal problems and negative results. Negative aspects
of the research process should never be ignored. Problems,
drawbacks, and challenges encountered during your study
should be included as a way of qualifying your overall
conclusions. If you encountered negative results, you must report
them in the results section of your paper. In the conclusion, use
the negative results as an opportunity to explain how they provide
information on which future research can be based.
4. Failure to provide a clear summary of what was learned. To be
able to discuss how your research fits back into your field of
study, you need to summarize it briefly and directly. Often this
element of your conclusion is only a few sentences long.
5. Failure to match the objectives of your research. Often research
objectives change while the research is being carried out. This is
not a problem unless you forget to go back and refine your original
objectives in your introduction, as these changes emerge they
must be documented so that they accurately reflect what you
were trying to accomplish in your research.
6. Resist the urge to apologize. If you have immersed yourself in
studying the research problem, you now know a good deal about
it, perhaps even more than your professor! Nevertheless, by the
time you have finished writing, you may be having some doubts
about what you have produced. Repress those doubts! Do not

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 undermine your authority by saying something like, "This is just
one approach to examining this problem; there may be other,
much better approaches...."

Writing Tip #1:

Avoid phrases like "in conclusion...," "in summary...," or "in

closing...." These phrases can be useful, even welcome, in oral
presentations. But readers can see by the tell-tale section heading and
number of pages remaining to read, when an essay is about to end. You
will irritate your readers if you overemphasize the obvious.

Writing Tip #2:

Do not surprise the reader with new information in your

Conclusion that was never referenced anywhere else in the paper. If you
have new information to present, add it to the Discussion or other
appropriate section of the paper. Note that, although no actual new
information is introduced, the conclusion is where you offer your most
"original" contributions in the paper; it's where you describe the value of
your research, demonstrate your understanding of the material that
you’ve presented, and locate your findings within the larger context of
scholarship on the topic.

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 Let Us Practice
Task A. Encircle the correct answer of the following questions. No Erasure.

1. Which choice shows words and phrases that could signal a concluding
paragraph?
a. before too long, for instance, and next
b. finally, in short, to summarize
c. of course, and again, elsewhere
d. in conclusion, in summary, in closing

2. From the reader's perspective, a good conclusion should ________.

a. introduce a different topic so the reader wants to investigate a whole
new concept.
b. restate the exact wording of your theme so the reader gets your
point.
c. finish with a strong statement that summarizes the topic and
satisfies the reader.
d. apologize in the last paragraph for the weak thesis at the beginning.

3. Which of the following statements about conclusions is FALSE?

a. a good conclusion must be at least two paragraphs long.
b. in a short paper, a conclusion can be a few sentences long.
c. in some situations, a good conclusion can be a single, strong
sentence.
d. finish with a strong statement that summarizes the topic and
satisfies the reader.

4. How can a good conclusion help to unify an essay or paper?

a. by apologizing in the last paragraph for the weak thesis at the
beginning.
b. by restating the thesis—word for word—as it was written in the
introduction
c. by ending with a story, quote, or statement that connects to the main
thesis.
d. a good conclusion must be at least two paragraphs long.

5. In which situation should you AVOID summarizing the main points of

your paper in the conclusion?
a. when the reader needs a summary of a variety of technical
information.
b. when the paper is long and complex.
c. comparing politics and society today to the politics and society of the
time
d. when the paper is brief, and the key points are clear to the reader.

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 Let Us Practice More

Task A. Write TRUE if the statement is true, and FALSE otherwise.

________________ 1. Conclusions should be based from implied or indirect

implications of the findings.

________________ 2. The readers are the one best informed on the factors
that critically influenced the findings and
conclusions.

________________ 3. Conclusion also provides a place for you to restate

your research problem persuasively and succinctly,
given that the reader has now been presented with all
the information about the topic.

________________ 4. The conclusion section is the place for details about

your methodology or results.

________________ 5. In the conclusion, use the negative results as an

opportunity to explain how they provide information
on which future research can be based.

________________ 6. The conclusion allows the researcher to remind the

reader of the most important concepts relating to the
issue under discussion and to demonstrate their
interconnectedness.

________________ 7. Conclusions should specifically answer the questions

posed in the “Scope & Delimitations” of your research
study.

________________ 8. Conclusions should contain apologetic statements

for unresolved problems in the study.

________________ 9. The number of conclusions coincide with the number

of specific findings.

________________ 10. Intertwining your conclusion with the introduction of

your research paper can be a good strategy as you
will end with the scenario that you have evidences to
contribute a new understanding to a field of study.
Task B. Read the statements at the left column and write your conclusion at the right column.

Situation Therefore, I conclude that….

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 1. You are attending your Math class at
3:00 P.M., and suddenly you heard a
loud bang from the sky.

2. You are about to open the door of your

house when you heard your mom and
dad arguing about your college plans.

3. You failed to remind your classmates at

your FB Group Chat (GC) to bring the
materials for the coastal clean-up drive.

4. Your teacher reminded you to study your

previous lessons for the upcoming
quarterly exam. However, a close relative
died in the next town, who is scheduled
to be buried on the same day of your
exam.
5. Your friend invited you to her birthday
party. You failed to inform your parents
because you don’t have a cellphone
load.

Guide Questions:

1. Reflect on your given conclusions, do you think it is valid? Explain your answer.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
2. In writing research conclusions, what factors should be considered?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

Let Us Remember

Task A. Answer the following questions or complete the statements by writing

the appropriate words or phrases in the blanks.

Conclusions represent _(1)_____________ drawn from the findings of the

study. It should give the final impression and it should summarize the
learnings from the study. Strategies for writing effective conclusions:
• Conclusions are intertwined with the introduction,

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 • Conclusions are inferences and generalizations based upon the
_(2)_____________,
• Conclusions should specifically answer the questions posed in the
_(3)____________________ of your research study, and
• Conclusions should contain facts or _(4)___________________ from the
inquiry or research studies.
_(5)________________ should be clearly, concisely, and briefly stated. It
should be original, accurate, and not introduce new arguments, new ideas or
information not related to your research study. It should leave the reader with
an interesting _(6)_______________, refer only to the subjects of your research
study, and contain categorical statements. Conclusions should not contain
apologetic statements for _(7)________________________ in the study.
A researcher should avoid the _(8)_______________ on making conclusions
and must not leave the task to the readers. The _(9)_______________ should be
the one best informed on the factors that critically influenced the findings and
conclusions.
Consider the following points to help ensure your conclusion is
appropriate:
• Summarize the argument for your reader if the argument of your paper
is _(10)____________.
• Use the end of your paper to _(11)___________________ and explain their
significance if you have not yet explained the significance of your
findings.
• Move from a detailed to a _(12)___________________ of consideration
that returns the topic to the context provided by the introduction or
within a new context that emerges from the data.
In drawing conclusion, you should avoid the following problems:
• Failure to be _(13)_______________.
• Failure to comment on larger, more significant issues.
• Failure to reveal problems and _(14)___________________.
• Failure to provide a clear summary of what was learned.
• Failure to match the objectives of your research.
• Resist the urge to _(15)___________________.

Let Us Assess

Task A. Provide your conclusion covering all possible factors based on the
given focus of a study.
Research Study: The canteen owner from your school conducted a
research on possible reasons on the decline in the
number of students entering and buying in the
canteen.

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Task B. Carefully read the following statements. Write CONCLUSION if the
statement means a conclusion, and SUMMARY otherwise.

_________________ 1. Reinforcement of the project’s significance or

achievement.
_________________ 2. It is the topic and aim.
_________________ 3. Indication of the extent to which the aim was
achieved.
_________________ 4. Brief indication of the method used.
_________________ 5. Suggestions on how to overcome limitations.

Task C. Based on the findings of the study, draw the possible conclusions
that would relate to the research questions. Write your answers on the space
provided.

Research Questions:

1. What is the age group with the highest and the lowest number of
workers?
2. Which employment sector has the highest and the lowest number of
workers?

Table 1 Employment distribution of the working force in the city of

Cadero.

Employment Age Group

Sector 18-30 31-45 46-60
Agriculture 10 25 20
Education 50 60 60
Health 15 40 35
Law 15 30 45
Manufacturing 40 45 40
Business 45 55 65
Others 35 40 30

Summary of Findings:

Conclusions:

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 Let Us Enhance

Task A. Write TRUE if the statement is true, and FALSE otherwise.

________________ 1. Two different researchers may be presented with the

same data analysis results and discuss them
differently, uncovering alternative insights linked to
the research question, each using a different lens.

________________ 2. A good conclusion chapter should discuss the

researcher’s own assumptions and ideas about the
topic under study.

________________ 3. A weak future research section and weak discussion

of the research limitations does not make the study
fragile/lacking rigor and depth.

________________ 4. The final account of the research project, the thesis or

the report of the research should be communicated as
fully, as comprehensively, as completely and as clearly
as possible.

________________ 5. In the final chapter of the thesis, or the final section of

the research report, the researcher presents the
conclusions and recommendations of the research
project.

________________ 6. The writer writing up and presenting research is

engaged in an exercise of communication.

________________ 7. Keeping an envisioned original contribution to

knowledge in mind, the research report in appearance
and content should highlights the outcomes and link
back to objectives.

________________ 8. Research implications presented in a study must be

either theoretical only or practical only.

________________ 9. A good research study can just focus on its key

outcomes without highlighting areas for future
research.

________________ 10. If some of the research questions were not answered

or some research objectives could not be achieved,
then the final report must explain and reflect on the
reasons why this is the case.

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Task B. Based on the findings of the study, draw the possible conclusions
that would relate to the research questions. Write your answers on the space
provided.

Research Questions:

1. Is there a significant relationship between media literacy and online

class participation?

Table 1 Correlation Analysis of Media Literacy and Online Class

Participation.

Online
Variables Interpretation
Participation
Pearson
Correlation .973
Media Literacy Significant
Sig. (2- .000
tailed)

Summary of Findings:

Conclusions:

Let Us Reflect

Task A. Read and reflect on the text below.

A conclusion is an important part of your research study. It wraps up
you’re writing by summarizing the main idea for your readers. This brings
your writing to a smooth close and creates well- written answers to your
research questions. You have to consider the main idea that you want to
convey to your readers and have a sense of closure in the study. It usually
starts answering the specific moving to the general inquiry. It must avoid
further elaboration which has already been done in the presentation of the
results and discussion, and summary of findings.

In the conclusion part, no new information is expected. Researchers

reconsider the research questions and draw answers for these questions. It is
very important that the conclusions are limited within the main objective of
the study and research questions presented at the beginning of the research
paper. Hence, conclusions are precise statement that directly answers the
stated research questions.

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 19
LET US TRY LET US PRACTICE
1. TRUE 6. FALSE 1. B
2. TRUE 7. TRUE 2. C
3. FALSE 8. TRUE 3. A
4. FALSE 9. TRUE 4. C
5. FALSE 10. TRUE 5. D
LET US PRACTICE MORE
1. FALSE 6. TRUE
2. FALSE 7. FALSE
3. TRUE 8. FALSE
4. FALSE 9. TRUE
5. TRUE 10. TRUE
LET US REMEMBER
1. INFERENCES 9. RESEARCHER
2. FINDINGS 10. COMPLEX
3. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM 11. DESCRIBE YOUR MAIN POINTS
4. ACTUAL RESULTS 12. GENERAL LEVEL
5. CONCLUSIONS 13. CONCISE
6. FINAL IMPRESSION 14. NEGATIVE RESULTS
7. UNRESOLVED PROBLEMS 15. APOLOGIZE
8. RELUCTANCY
LET US ASSESS
A.
ANSWERS WILL VARY
B.
1. CONCLUSION
2. SUMMARY
3. CONCLUSION S
4. SUMMARY
5. CONCLUSION
LET US ENHANCE
1. D 3. C 5. C 7. B 9. B
2. A 4. A 6. C 8. D 10. B
Answer key to Activities
understood, slightly understood, and the least understood ones.
dealt with in this lesson. Express which concepts are the most
how much you have learned about each concept behind each topic
experience in drafting research conclusions. Let your essay reveal
Task B. Use the space below to write a reflective essay about your learning
points and not just a summary of the entire research study.
understand the impact of your research on them. It is a synthesis of the key
Furthermore, the purpose of your conclusion is to make the readers
 References

Ackroyd, Stephen, and J. A. Hughes. Data Collection in Context. Harlow:

Longman Publishing Group, 1981.

Amorado, Ronnie V., Helen B. Boholano, and Ismael N. Talili. Quantitative

Research: A Practical Approach for Senior High School. Malabon City,
Philippines: Mutya Publishing House, Inc., 2017.

Babbie, Earl R. The Practice of Social Research, 12th ed. Belmont, CA:
Wadsworth Cengage, 2010.

BOHOLANO, HELEN B., GRETCHEN M. ARCIPE, JURI R. JUDILLA, and

TIFFANY A. RUELAN. "Information and Communication Technology in
Education Researches across Asian Countries." IAMURE International
Journal of Education 8, no. 1 (2014). doi:10.7718/iamure.ije.v8i1.641.

"The Do's and Don'ts of Writing Research Papers - Manuscriptedit Scholar-

Hangout - Excellent Writing & Editing Skills in English Language."
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Scientific Researchers by Experts. Last modified 2013.
https://www.manuscriptedit.com/scholar-hangout/the-
do%E2%80%99s-and-don%E2%80%99ts-of-writing-research-papers/.

Popper, Karl. The Logic of Scientific Discovery. London: Routledge, 2005.

Prieto, Nelia G., Victoria C. Naval, and Teresita G. Carey. Practical Research
2: Quantitative for Senior High School. Quezon City, Metro Manila:
Lorimar Publishing, Inc., 2017.

"Quiz: Conclusions." Accessed July 2, 2020.

https://www.cliffsnotes.com/study-guides/writing/writing-from-
introduction-to-conclusion/quiz-conclusions.

"Research Guides: Organizing Academic Research Papers: 9. The Conclusion."

Last modified January 28, 2020.
https://library.sacredheart.edu/c.php?g=29803&p=185935.

Reyes, M. Social Research: A deductive approach. Manila: REX Bookstore,

2004.

Sarno, E. Tips and techniques in writing research. Manila: Rex Bookstore,

2010.

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For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

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