of living things 1 Species ing outcomes = To recall what a species is * To identify variation in the characteristics of different species * To recall reasons why a species may become extinct ES Complete the sentences using the words from the list. different similar species strong weak A isattype of organism. Organisms within a species have features, [2 marks] Es The pictures below show two different types of pony. (a) Describe a similarity in the characteristics of the two ponies. [1 mark] ‘b> Describe a difference in the characteristics of the two ponies. | : {1 mark) (©) What terms used to describe the differences in the characteristics between the two ponies? (1 mark) a9Describe what is meant by the term ‘species. A group of organisms that can reproduce with one ano and have offspring that can also reproduce. W [2 marks) The table below shows some organisms with four legs and Rereriber. a tail Tryto learn the meaning of key words in each topic and Complete the table by naming each species and describing practice Taina tienen one difference between each species, The first row has been answers. This will help you done for you. __ gain more marks, Picture of organism —_| Name of species that the Peers Or nub cur) Cees O8 U8 Tua) Camel it has humps [2 marks] SS Azonkey is a hybrid created by interbreeding a zebra with a donkey. @) Whats a hybrid? mark 50{1 mark} b) Suggest why zonkeys are rarely found in the wild. | Describe some human causes of the extinction of organisms. [3 marks] The golden toad was first discovered in the Monteverde Cloud Forest in Costa Rica. It has been found nowhere else in the world, Between 1987 and 1992, scientists recorded how many toads they observed. The table below shows their results. eens Ere 1987 1500 1988 1 1989 1 1990 1991 1992 cools a) What scientific question were the scientists trying to answer? [1 mark] b) In 1992, experts concluded that the golden toad was extinct. What was the evidence for this? Remember Evidence is data used to show that an idea is correct. ——— [1 mark] 514.2 Classification Learning outcomes + To classify organisms as plants and animals * To classify plants and animals into smaller groups ae Complete the sentences using the words from the list 52 samples groups characteristics. eye colour _ classification _ evolution Classification is the process of arranging organisms into based on similar characteristics, Scientists put organisms into groups. This is called [2 marks] What kingdom doesa lion belong to? (1 mark] Draw line to match each plant group with the correct description. Plant group Description Flowering plant Plant with needle-shaped leaves. It produces cones Moss Plant with large flat leaves. It produces flowers Conifer Plant with small, thin leaves. Itdoes not have roots [3 marks] Which of the following are characteristics of organisms that belong to the animal kingdom? Tick two boxes. Have cells with cell walls Have cells without cell walls Are able to move their bodies from place to place Consist of a single cell (1 tnark] Describe the main difference between vertebrates and invertebrates. A vertebrate is An invertebrate is — [2 marks]The images show some different organisms. > E (a) Give the letter of the organism that lays eggs with leathery shells. (1 mark} (B) List the letters of the images that are invertebrates. [mark] ©© Which letter shows an arthropod? {1 mark} (@) Give two characteristics of birds. 4 . 2 (2 marks} Ee Chen discovers an organism with these characteristics: * Has lungs . * Lays jelly-coated eggs in water © Has thin moist skin Which of the following accurately describes this organism? Tick one box. Mammal Bird Amphibian Fish {1 mark] |oy Draw one line to match the name of the invertebrate group to the correct description. Name of group Description Echinoderms Invertebrate with a large muscle that it uses to move or feed Arthropods Have hard spiny outer coverings Molluscs Have jointed legs and a body in sections (3 marks The harvestman is not a spider, but it is classified as an arachnid. i The harvestman is an eight-legged organism that is often mistaken for a spider. Scientists can easily tell harvestman species apart from other Wy arachnids. Suggest how they do this. = {1 mark] 4.3 Types of variation Learning outcomes + To identify discontinuous and continuous variation * To choose charts and graphs to display different sorts of information ae Complete the sentences using words from the list. discontinuous continuous group gdom A characteristic that changes gradually over a range of values is said to have n. A characteristic that has a distinct range of options or categories is said to have variation. [2 marks} == Draw a line to match each characteristic to the correct type of data. Characteristic é Type of data - Height ‘Arm span Discontinuous Able to roll tongue Continuous Foot size [4 marks} 54Scientists can classify human blood as being one of four different types, called ‘blood groups: Ascientist investigates the number of people with different blood groups. Her results are shown in the chart below. 60 50 40 30 z 20 Number of people 10 AB A ° 8 Blood groups @ How many people had the blood group AB? — [1 mark] b) Which was the most common blood group? (1 mark] ©) Explain why the graph has been drawn with spaces between the bars. Because blood groups are a type of ____ variation and this type of data should always be presented with [2 marks] Lily is measuring the length of leaves from a tree. She measures the length of 60 leaves and records her results in a tally chart. Her results arg shown below: Grouped lengths of leaves (mm) _| Tally 41-50 - Wt = 51-60 HH HH Cee eu "HH HH HET 71-80 HH HE HE HIE 81-90 HH Ill 91-100 / @) Complete the tally chart by adding the total for each group of measurements. _[1 mark] 55b> Drawa bar chart to show the data. Remember Abar chart showing continuous data should not have gaps between each bar. [4 marks} ©) Lily finds a leaf which is 150 mm long. Explain why itis unlikely that this leaf comes from the tree that she investigated. — [1 mark] ERB & Explain why itis impossible to know the true range of Lily's set of data. — —— [1 mark] Self-assessment Tick the column which best describes what you know and what you are able to do. PSU ola Idon’t foc) i understand | more One UT) this yet practice | this A species is a group of organisms of the same type that reproduce with one another, and their offspring also have offspring There is a lot of variation in characteristics between different species 56Different species are often adapted to different habitats and so show variation A species becomes extinct if its adaptations do not allow it to survive when an environment changes Scientists classify organisms in groups by looking at their characteristics The largest classification groups are kingdoms. The animal kingdom contains five groups of vertebrates — mammals, reptiles, fish, amphibians and birds . The animal kingdom contains many groups of invertebrates, such as arachnids and insects The plant kingdom contains groups such as flowering plants and conifers Data that shows continuous variation may have any value (within a range) Data that shows discontinuous variation has a limited number of options On bar charts showing continuous variation, we show grouped sets of data without gaps between the bars STUER a rere Torr eG pd err practice | by myself Talk about the importance of questions, evidence and explanations Make conclusions from collected data, including those presented in a graph, chart or spreadsheet Make careful observations including measurements Present results in the form of tables, bar charts and line graphs x Recognise results and observations that do not fit into a pattern, including those presented in a graph, chart or spreadsheet if you have ticked ‘I don't understand this yet’ or'l can't do this yet’ or mostly ‘| need more practice, have another look at the relevant pages in the Student's Book. Then make sure you have completed all the questions in this Workbook chapter and the review questions in the Student's Book. If you have already completed all the questions, ask your teacher for help and suggestions on how to progress. 57Teacher’s comments Test-style questions ED «. pictures below show four different organisms. i ‘A: Mushroom B: Fish cre D: Worm (@ List two organisms that bélong to the animal kingdom. and [2 marks} ©®) which kingdgm does the fern belong to? [1 mark © The mushroom is a fungus. Why is the mushroom not classified as a plant? @ which organism is an invertebrate? @® The organisms show variation. What is meant by the term variation?‘African elephants live in hot dry savanna with very little shade. Asian elephants See in forests. African elephant Asian elephant larger body size large ears to lose heat large tusks to dig holes. to get water '@) Explain how two variations shown in the diagram could help the survival of the African elephant in its habitat. [2 marks] “B) Suggest why the Asian elephant has smaller ears than the African elephant. {1 mark} ES The graph below shows the heights of a population of people. Number of people in category Height category (cm) 59a) What is the most common height range? So [1 mar b) What type of variation is shown in the graph? Explain your answer. The Yangtze River Dolphin is now thought to be extinct. It was found only in the Yangtze River in China. This dolphin was extremely well adapted to its environment. @ Suggest which reason is most likely to have caused its extinction. Tick one box. People swimming in the river Polluted water Rising of sea levels Slight increase in rainfall [1 mark) 'b) Whenisa species likely to become extinct? Tick one box only. IFit is well-adapted to its environment If its adaptations do notallow it to survive when the environment changes |__| Ifthere isa lot of variation within the species If there are not enough vegetables to eat {1 mark] © Arun says dolphins are classified as fish because they live in water and have fins. Explain why dolphins are not classified as fish. [2 marks]