4.

DEMONSTRATE THE USE OF DIFFERENT PROBLEM SOLVING TECHNIQUES IN THE DESIGN

AND DELIVERY OF AN EVENT (P3)
4.1 Definition and the importance of problem solving
4.2 Some techniques and tools for the problem solving
4.3 Problems and solutions in the training event
5. DEMONSTRATE THAT CRITICAL REASONING HAS BEEN APPLIED TO A GIVEN SOLUTION (P4)
5.1 Definition and the importance of critical reasoning
5.2 Apply to a given solution
6. PERFORMANCE EVALUATION
6.1 Team member’s roles (4 members)
6.2 My contribution

4. DEMONSTRATE THE USE OF DIFFERENT PROBLEM SOLVING TECHNIQUES IN THE DESIGN

AND DELIVERY OF AN EVENT (P3)
4.1 Definition and the importance of problem solving
4.1.1 Definition
The term problem solving has a slightly different meaning depending on the discipline. For
instance, it is a mental process in psychology and a computerized process in computer science.
There are two different types of problems: ill-defined and well-defined; different approaches
are used for each. Well-defined problems have specific end goals and clearly expected
solutions, while ill-defined problems do not. Well-defined problems allow for more initial
planning than ill-defined problems. Solving problems sometimes involves dealing with
pragmatics, the way that context contributes to meaning, and semantics, the interpretation of
the problem. The ability to understand what the end goal of the problem is, and what rules
could be applied represents the key to solving the problem. Sometimes the problem requires
abstract thinking or coming up with a creative solution. [1][ CITATION Wik27 \l 1066 ]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Problem_solving

4.1.2 Importance
Obviously, every organization has problems and every individual has problems too. For this
reason, the ability to solve problems is of great importance to individuals and organizations.
Some of the benefits include:

 Make the impossible possible. Knowledge alone is not the key to solving problems but
rather, complimenting it with systematic problem solving approaches makesthe
difference. This helps individuals and organizations overcome perilous challenges.
  Makes you a stand out. People are trained to do the usual. They have acquired skills
and knowledge in what they do. However, people can hardly solve problems when they
are unexpected or unprecedented ones. If you become a regular problem solver at your
workplace, you are easily noticed, recognized, and appreciated.

 Increased confidence. No matter where you work or what your profession is, having the
ability to solve problems will boost your confidence level. Because you are sure of your
ability to solve problems, you don’t spend time worrying about what you will do if a
problem should arise.
[2]
[ CITATION cle20 \l 1033 ]
https://www.cleverism.com/skills-and-tools/problem-solving/

4.2 Some techniques and tools for problem-solving

Six-step problem-solving model: define the problem – determine the root cause – develop
alternative solutions – select a solution – implement the solution – evaluate the outcome

The process is one of continuous improvement. The goal is not to solve but to evolve, adjusting
the solution continually as new challenges emerge, through repeating the Six Step Process.

 Each step must be completed before moving on to the next step. However, the steps are
repeatable. At any point the group can return to an earlier step, and proceed from
there.
 The goal is not to solve but to evolve, adjusting the solution continually as new
challenges emerge, through repeating the Six Step Process.
 Step 1) Define the Problem – Identify problems through problem formulation and
questioning. The key is asking the right questions to discover root causes.
  Step 2) Determine the Root Cause – During this process, assumptions are uncovered and
underlying problems are further revealed. Also, this is an opportunity to collect and
analyze data.
 Step 3) Develop Alternative Solutions – Decisions are made within the group to
determine the appropriate solution and process through creative selection.
 Step 4) Select a Solution – Once the group has formed solutions and alternatives to the
problem(s), they need to explore the pros and cons of each option through forecasting
consequences.
 Step 5) Implement the Solution – Develop an action plan to implement and execute the
solution process.
 Step 6) Evaluate the Outcome – This final stage requires an evaluation of the outcomes
and results of the solution process. Ask questions such as: Did the option answer the
questions we were working on? Did this process address the findings that came out of
the assumptions?
 This process helps keep groups on track, and enables a thorough investigation of the
problem and solution search.
[3]
[ CITATION Fre20 \l 1066 ]
http://www.free-management-ebooks.com/news/six-step-problem-solving-model/

4.3 Problems and solutions in the training event

- The number of trainees participating is not the same as the original (less or more). We have a
method of confirming the number of trainees who are guaranteed to join and hold a seat by
registering via email
- Experts cannot attend to give theoretical lectures and support practice to the trainees. We will
create small details for that expert, such as signing contracts and mandatory terms for that
expert, to hold them accountable.
- If the trainee gets cheat during the test. We will forcefully work with that intern, and provide
the evidence we have gathered to denounce the intern to the authorities.
- Not enough equipment for students to practice. Don't worry we will prepare a backup of some
similar equipment, or arrange a test with a certain quantity. Take turns to let all trainees have
access to equipment for practice.
- The incident if the trainee damage or damage the equipment. We checked all the equipment
and sealed them before handing over to the trainees after signing the check-in list, making sure
the equipment is working properly. If the damage is caused by the trainee intentionally, after
the event, we will work directly with the trainee to resolve the issue of reimbursement
according to the regulations.
5. DEMONSTRATE THAT CRITICAL REASONING HAS BEEN APPLIED TO A GIVEN SOLUTION (P4)
5.1 Definition and the importance of critical reasoning
5.1.1 Definition
Critical reasoning is the ability to calculate accurately, evaluate evidence for truth and
validity, justify conclusions with data, and reason through problems to arrive at solutions that
are rooted in fact and truth. Science and mathematics requirements are designed to strengthen
one’s ability to calculate, reason, and think critically. Many other courses, however, also
nurture the ability to reason in both theoretic and practical ways. As significant as it is, the
ability to reason must also be viewed within the context of community. At Baylor, we want
students to learn to reason not just for themselves, but for the communities they serve. [4]
[ CITATION Bay20 \l 1066 ]
https://www.baylor.edu/artsandsciences/index.php?id=867513

5.1.2 Importance
Critical thinking is a domain-general thinking skill. The ability to think clearly and rationally is
important whatever we choose to do. If you work in education, research, finance, management
or the legal profession, then critical thinking is obviously important. But critical thinking skills
are not restricted to a particular subject area. Being able to think well and solve problems
systematically is an asset for any career.

Critical thinking is very important in the new knowledge economy. The global knowledge
economy is driven by information and technology. One has to be able to deal with changes
quickly and effectively. The new economy places increasing demands on flexible intellectual
skills, and the ability to analyse information and integrate diverse sources of knowledge in
solving problems. Good critical thinking promotes such thinking skills, and is very important in
the fast-changing workplace.

Critical thinking enhances language and presentation skills. Thinking clearly and systematically
can improve the way we express our ideas. In learning how to analyse the logical structure of
texts, critical thinking also improves comprehension abilities.

Critical thinking promotes creativity. To come up with a creative solution to a problem involves
not just having new ideas. It must also be the case that the new ideas being generated are
useful and relevant to the task at hand. Critical thinking plays a crucial role in evaluating new
ideas, selecting the best ones and modifying them if necessary
Critical thinking is crucial for self-reflection. In order to live a meaningful life and to structure
our lives accordingly, we need to justify and reflect on our values and decisions. Critical thinking
provides the tools for this process of self-evaluation.

Good critical thinking is the foundation of science and democracy. Science requires the critical
use of reason in experimentation and theory confirmation. The proper functioning of a liberal
democracy requires citizens who can think critically about social issues to inform their
judgments about proper governance and to overcome biases and prejudice.

[5] [ CITATION Joe21 \l 1066 ]

https://philosophy.hku.hk/think/critical/ct.php

5.2 Apply to a given solution

There will be 3 exams that will test your knowledge of Photo Editing, Photography and
Photo Editing based on provided material.
Thereby, we outline what we need to do to select excellent trainees, and critically evaluate
what they can do, what they need to fix, improve and improve their letter. Evaluate new ideas,
select the best ones and revise them if necessary
6. PERFORMANCE EVALUATION
The participants will be evaluated via a survey after training. Besides, there is an observer to
evaluate participant performance through each activity. Then issue certificates to the most
outstanding trainees
6.1 Team member’s roles (4 members)

N Date Tasks Role

o
1 25/1/2020 I. Introduction Mr. Hao
2 26/1/2020 II. Demonstrate, using different communication styles and format, Mr. Nghia
that you can effectively design and deliver a training event for a
given target audience
3 27/1/2020 III. Demonstrate that you have used effective time management Mr. Nghia
skills in planning an event
4 28/1/2020 IV. Demonstrate the use of different problem-solving techniques in Mr. Nguyen
the design and delivery of an event
5 29/1/2020 V. Demonstrate that critical reasoning has been applied to a given Mr. Nguyen
solution
 6 29/1/2020 VI. Performance evaluation Mr. Nguyen
7 259/1/202 VII. Conclusion Mr. Hao
0
8 29/1/2020 VIII. Critical evaluation Mr. Hao

6.2 My contribution
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References
Books, F. M., 2020. The Six Step Problem Solving Model. [Online]
Available at: http://www.free-management-ebooks.com/news/six-step-problem-solving-model/
[Accessed 27 1 2021].

Chan, J. L. &. J., 2021. [C01] What is critical thinking?. [Online]

Available at: https://philosophy.hku.hk/think/critical/ct.php
[Accessed 24 1 2021].

cleverism, 2020. Problem solving. [Online]

Available at: https://www.cleverism.com/skills-and-tools/problem-solving/#:~:text=Problem%20solving
%20skills%20refers%20to,and%20implementing%20the%20selected%20solution.
[Accessed 27 1 2021].

University, B., 2020. Theme 1 -- Advancing Liberal Education in the 21st Century. [Online]
Available at: https://www.baylor.edu/artsandsciences/index.php?id=867513
[Accessed 27 1 2021].

Wikipedia, 2020. Wikipedia. [Online]

Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Problem_solving
[Accessed 2021 1 27].