Questions: World History Express 3

World History Express 3 Topic One International conflicts and
Question Bank (Revised Edition) threats to peace in the 20th century

A The First World War (1914-1918)
Questions
(1) Truth or Fraud: Put  for true statements and  for false statements.
1. In the late 19th century, European powers scrambled for colonies because they
wanted to get new markets and more raw materials. ( )
2. In the late 19th century, European powers competed fiercely for colonies in South
America. ( )
3. Before the First World War, France and Germany had colonial conflicts over
Morocco in North Africa.
( )
4. Extreme nationalism demanded that people should be absolutely loyal to the

nation and oppose foreign expansion. ( )
5. Since France was forced to cede Alsace and Lorraine to Germany after the Franco-
Prussian War, France wanted to take revenge on Germany. ( )
6. Pan-Germanism called for expansion in Europe under the leadership of the

German race. ( )
7. Austria wanted to unite all Slavs living in the Balkan Peninsula into its own
empire. ( )
8. Pan-Slavism demanded that all people in Europe should be united under Russian
control. ( )
9. Before the First World War, all European powers competed fiercely in building
dreadnoughts. ( )
10. Britain and Germany competed with each other in building submarines before the
First World War. ( )
©LING KEE PUBLISHING CO., LTD. 1

11. The alliance system was offensive [攻擊性] in nature. ( )
12. Bismarck was the chancellor of Germany who started the alliance system to
isolate France. ( )
13. In 1882, Germany, Austria and Italy formed the Triple Alliance. ( )
14. Europe was divided into two rival camps with the formation of the Triple Entente
in 1907. ( )
15. The Moroccan Crises occurred because both Britain and Germany wanted to turn
Morocco into its colony. ( )
16. The Balkans was a group of small states in Northern Europe. ( )
17. In 1908, Russia annexed Bosnia and Herzegovina. ( )
18. Bulgaria was defeated in the Second Balkan War. ( )
19. The assassination of Archduke Ferdinand was the spark that set off the First World
War. ( )
20. Serbia declared war on Germany immediately after the Sarajevo Incident. ( )
21. Bulgaria was a member of the Allied Powers in the First World War. ( )
22. During the First World War, Italy was British ally from the beginning to the end. (
)
23. The Central Powers of the First World War had four members: Austria-Hungary,
Germany, Turkey and Italy. ( )
24. In August 1914, Germany invaded France through Holland. ( )
25. The tank was first invented by Britain to break through the German trenches.
( )
26. In 1917, Germany started the unrestricted submarine warfare to cut off the U.S.

supplies. ( )
27. In 1917, the October Revolution took place in Russia, and Russia soon withdrew
from the First World War. ( )
28. In 1919, all victorious powers of the First World War met at the Paris Peace
Conference. ( )
29. The Paris Peace Conference was dominated by the U.S., Britain and France. ( )
30. After the First World War, all defeated nations were forced to sign the Treaty of
Versailles at the Paris Peace Conference. ( )
31. Russia suffered the heaviest casualties in the First World War. ( )
32. When the First World War ended, the Germany Empire collapsed officially. ( )
33. In November 1917, Russia became a democratic country. ( )
34. At the Paris Peace Conference, the map of Europe was redrawn. ( )
35. New nation-states, such as Hungary and Czechoslovakia, were set up after the
First World War. ( )
36. After the First World War, Japan’s position in Asia was strengthened. ( )
37. The First World War was marked by the development and use of new weapons and
new patterns of warfare. ( )
38. Women gradually enjoyed higher social status after the First World War. ( )
39. The United Nations was set up to maintain world peace after the First World War.
( )
40. The League of Nations was able to settle all international disputes. ( )

(2) Matching: Match the following columns together.
1. Clemenceau ‧ ‧ Kaiser of Germany

Archduke Ferdinand ‧ ‧ President of the U.S.
Wilson ‧ ‧ Czar of Russia
Nicholas II ‧ ‧ Prime Minister of Britain
Bismarck ‧ ‧ Premier of France
Lloyd George ‧ ‧ Chancellor of Germany
William II ‧ ‧ Heir to the Austrian throne
2. Italy ‧ ‧ This country started the alliance system.

Britain ‧ ‧ This country quarrelled with Austria-
Hungary over the control of Bosnia and
Herzegovina.
Russia ‧ ‧ This country hated Germany due to its loss
of Alsace-Lorraine.
Germany ‧ ‧ This country declared war on Serbia and
started the First World War.
Austria-Hungary ‧ ‧ This country competed with Germany
fiercely in the naval race.
France ‧ ‧ This country formed the Triple Alliance
with Germany and Austria-Hungary.
Serbia ‧ ‧ This country formed the Triple Entente
with Britain and France.
3. 1882 ‧ ‧ The Sarajevo Incident took place.

1907 ‧ ‧ The First World War ended.
1913 ‧ ‧ The Second Balkan War broke out.
1914 ‧ ‧ The Triple Alliance was formed.
1918 ‧ ‧ The Triple Entente was formed.
4. 1905 ‧ ‧ The Bosnian Crisis took place.

1908 ‧ ‧ The Second Moroccan Crisis broke out.
1911 ‧ ‧ The First Balkan War broke out.
1912 ‧ ‧ The Paris Peace Conference was held.
1919 ‧ ‧ The First Moroccan Crisis broke out.

5. 1914 ‧ ‧ Italy joined the Allied Powers.

1915 ‧ ‧ Germany carried out the Schlieffen Plan.
1917 ‧ ‧ The United States declared war on
Germany.
1918 ‧ ‧ Germany surrendered.
6. Germany attacked American ‧ ‧ Serbia decided to take revenge on

ships in the English Channel. Austria.
Russia wanted to withdraw from ‧ ‧ The Germans wanted to destroy
the First World War in 1917. the treaty at all cost.
Austria annexed Bosnia- ‧ ‧ America declared war on
Herzegovina where many Germany.
Serbs were living.
Both Russians and Serbs were ‧ ‧ Russia supported Serbia in the
Slavs. Austro-Serbian conflict.
The Treaty of Versailles was ‧ ‧ Russia signed a treaty with
regarded as a humiliation to Germany by which it had to
many Germans. give away some land.
7. Germany was afraid of a two- ‧ ‧ Bismarck started the alliance

front war. system to isolate France.
Germany attacked Belgium. ‧ ‧ Britain declared war on Germany.
Bismarck was worried that ‧ ‧ Germany planned to invade
France would take revenge on France through Belgium in 6
Germany after the Franco- weeks and then turn east to attack
Prussian War. Russia.
Extreme nationalism was popular ‧ ‧ The First World War brought
in Europe in the late 19th century. about heavy casualties and severe
destruction.
Trench warfare developed and ‧ ‧ The powers were prepared to go
many new weapons were used to war in order to promote their
during the First World War. national interests.

8. Central Powers of the First World War ‧ ‧ Germany

‧ Austria-Hungary
Allied Powers of the First World War ‧ ‧ The United States
‧ Serbia
‧ Britain
‧ Turkey
‧ Russia
9. Victorious powers of the First World War ‧ ‧ France

‧ China
Defeated powers of the First World War ‧ ‧ Italy
‧ Germany
‧ Bulgaria
‧ Austria-Hungary
‧ Britain

(3) Time Sense: Arrange the following in chronological order.
1. (a) First Balkan War; (b) Franco-Prussian War; (c) Bosnian Crisis
_________________________________________________________________
2. (a) Second Moroccan Crisis; (b) Bosnian Crisis; (c) Sarajevo Incident
_________________________________________________________________
3. (a) Archduke Ferdinand was assassinated; (b) Morocco became a French

protectorate; (c) Bosnia was annexed
_________________________________________________________________
4. (a) Unification of Germany; (b) Formation of the Triple Alliance; (c) Outbreak of
the Franco-Prussian War
_________________________________________________________________
5. (a) Formation of the Triple Entente; (b) Outbreak of the Second Balkan War; (c)
Formation of the Triple Alliance
_________________________________________________________________
6. (a) Bosnian Crisis; (b) First Moroccan Crisis; (c) First Balkan War
_________________________________________________________________
7. (a) Formation of the League of Nations; (b) Formation of the Triple Entente; (c)
_________________________________________________________________
8. (a) Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia; (b) Herzegovina was annexed; (c)
Archduke Ferdinand and his wife were assassinated
_________________________________________________________________
9. (a) Germany carried out the Schlieffen Plan; (b) Austria-Hungary sent an
ultimatum to Serbia; (c) Russia mobilised its troop to support Serbia
_________________________________________________________________
10. (a) The U.S. joined the First World War; (b) Italy joined the Allied Powers; (c)
Germany invaded France through Belgium
_________________________________________________________________

11. (a) Defeat of Russia on the Eastern Front; (b) The Schlieffen Plan; (c) British
first use of the tanks
_________________________________________________________________
12. (a) The October Revolution broke out in Russia; (b) Germany invaded France
through Belgium; (c) Russia withdrew from the First World War
_________________________________________________________________
13. (a) The U.S. joined the First World War; (b) Germany started the unrestricted
submarine warfare; (c) Germany made several major attacks on the Western
Front
_________________________________________________________________
14. (a) Surrender of Bulgaria; (b) Surrender of Germany; (c) Withdrawal of Russia
from the First World War
_________________________________________________________________
15. (a) Fall of the Austro-Hungarian Empire; (b) Formation of the League of
Nations; (c) Convening of the Paris Peace Conference
_________________________________________________________________
16. (a) Signing of the Treaty of Versailles; (b) Surrender of Germany; (c) End of
fighting on the Eastern Front
_________________________________________________________________
17. (a) Fall of the Russian Empire; (b) Fall of the Ottoman Empire; (c) Fall of the
Austro-Hungarian Empire
_________________________________________________________________
18. (a) First Balkan War; (b) Franco-Prussian War; (c) First World War
_________________________________________________________________
19. (a) German entry into the League of Nations; (b) Fall of the German Empire; (c)
Signing of the Treaty of Versailles
_________________________________________________________________
20. (a) Russia became a communist country; (b) The Paris Peace Conference were

held; (c) The German Empire collapsed

_________________________________________________________________

(4) Multiple Choice: Choose the correct answers and put them in the boxes below.
1. Which of the following ideas aimed at uniting all Slavs living in the Balkan
Peninsula and bringing them under Russian control?
A. Pan-Slavism B. Pan-Germanism
C. Communism D. Capitalism □
2. Which of the following was not related to the rise of extreme nationalism in
Europe?
A. People developed peaceful relations with other countries.
B. People of the same race formed a nation-state of their own.
C. People of the same race fought for their independence.
D. People supported the foreign expansion of their countries. □
3. Which of the following was not a reason for the European powers to compete for
colonies in Asia and Africa in the late 19th century?
A. To help the backward countries
B. To get more raw materials
C. To gain overseas markets
D. To raise national glory □
4. What were the reasons for France to form the Triple Entente?
(1) To isolate Germany and prevent it from taking revenge
(2) To protect itself by finding allies
(3) To counterbalance the German influence
A. (1), (2) B. (1), (3)
C. (2), (3) D. (1), (2), (3) □
5. Which country started the alliance system after 1870?

A. France B. Germany
C. Austria-Hungary D. Britain □
6. In 1907, Britain, France and Russia joined together and formed _______.
A. the Triple Entente
B. the Triple Alliance
C. the Entente Cordiale
D. the League of Three Emperors □

7. When was the Triple Alliance formed?

A. 1880 B. 1882
C. 1900 D. 1902 □
8. When was the Triple Entente formed?

A. 1890 B. 1898
C. 1907 D. 1911 □
9. Which of the following were members of the Triple Entente?

(1) France
(2) Britain
(3) Germany
(4) Russia
A. (1), (2), (3) B. (1), (2), (4)
C. (1), (3), (4) D. (2), (3), (4) □
10. Which countries were members of the Triple Alliance?

(1) Germany
(2) Italy
(3) Austria-Hungary
(4) Russia
A. (1), (2), (3) B. (1), (2), (4)
C. (1), (3), (4) D. (2), (3), (4) □
11. The French people developed strong revengeful feelings against the Germans
after the ___________.
A. Anglo-French War
B. Franco-Prussian War
C. Prusso-Russian War
D. Franco-Russian War □
12. Which of the following countries put forward the idea of Pan-Germanism?
(1) France
(2) Austria-Hungary
(3) Germany
(4) Italy
A. (1), (3) B. (1), (4)
C. (2), (3) D. (3), (4) □

13. Which two countries competed fiercely in building dreadnoughts before the First
World War?
A. France and Britain
B. France and Russia
C. Germany and Russia
D. Britain and Germany □
14. Which country was forced to make concessions in the two Moroccan Crises?
A. Germany B. Britain
C. Austria-Hungary D. France □
15. The Balkans was situated in:

A. Western Europe B. North Africa
C. Northern Europe D. Southern Europe □
16. Before the 19th century, the Balkan states were all ruled by ____________.
A. Turkey B. Russia
C. Austria-Hungary D. Serbia □
17. Which areas did Austria-Hungary annex in 1908?

(1) Montenegro
(2) Bosnia
(3) Serbia
(4) Herzegovina
A. (1), (2) B. (1), (3)
C. (2), (3) D. (2), (4) □
18. After the two Balkan Wars, Serbia became very powerful. This threatened the
___________ expansion into the Balkans.
A. German B. Austrian
C. Bulgarian D. Russian □

19. The man in the picture below was the heir to the throne of _____________.
A. Germany B. Britain
C. Turkey D. Austria-Hungary □
20. The event shown in the following picture took place in ____________.
A. Serbia B. Bosnia
C. Russia D. Italy □
21. Archduke Ferdinand and his wife were killed by a ___________.

A. German B. Serb
C. Russian D. British □
22. Which of the following were the reasons for the outbreak of the First World War?
(1) European powers scrambled for colonies in Asia and Africa.
(2) The idea of nationalism grew extreme.
(3) Different alliances were set up among European powers.
(4) There was an armaments race among European powers.

A. (1), (2) B. (1), (3), (4)

C. (2), (3), (4) D. All of the above □
23. Which of the following were causes of the First World War?
(1) Economic and colonial rivalries
(2) The armaments race
(3) The alliance system
(4) Extreme nationalism
A. (1), (2), (3) B. (1), (3), (4)
24. What was the immediate cause of the First World War?
A. The alliance system
B. The armaments race in Europe
C. German invasion of Belgium
D. Assassination of Archduke Ferdinand □
25. What was the immediate result of the Sarajevo Incident?

A. France declared war on Germany.
B. Germany declared war on Russia.
C. Russia declared war on Austria.
D. Austria declared war on Serbia. □
26. Austria sent an ultimatum to Serbia after the Sarajevo Incident. According to the
ultimatum, Serbia had to:
(1) suppress all anti-Austrian activities.
(2) punish all people who were against Austria.
(3) allow Austrian officials to try the murderer.
(4) pay an indemnity to Austria.
A. (1), (2), (3) B. (1), (2), (4)
27. Germany helped start the First World War by declaring war on Russia when:
A. the Russians plotted the Sarajevo Incident.
B. the Russians remained neutral.
C. the Russians invaded Austria.
D. the Russians refused to stop the mobilisation. □

28. According to the Schlieffen Plan, Germany wanted to quickly defeat France by
passing through ___________.
A. Italy B. Britain
C. Belgium D. Holland □
29. Which of the following weapons were used during the First World War?
(1) Tanks
(2) Atomic bombs
(3) Submarines
(4) Poison gas
A. (1), (3) B. (1), (3), (4)
C. (2), (3), (4) D. (3), (4) □
30. Which of the following weapons was not used in the First World War?
A. Rockets B. Tanks
C. Warplanes D. Submarines □
31. The United States declared war on Germany shortly after the Germans
___________.
A. attacked all merchant ships that traded with Britain and its allies
B. attacked Belgium
C. attacked the United States
D. invaded countries that traded with the United States □
32. The fighting on the Eastern Front ended when ____________.

A. Germany surrendered
B. Russia withdrew from the War
C. Italy joined the Allied Powers
D. Austria-Hungary surrendered □
33. When was the Paris Peace Conference held?

A. 1882 B. 1907
C. 1914 D. 1919 □
34. Which of the following countries controlled the Paris Peace Conference?
(1) The U.S.
(2) Britain
(3) Japan

(4) France
A. (1), (2), (3) B. (1), (2), (4)
C. (1), (3), (4) D. (2), (3), (4) □
35. Which country was forced to sign the Treaty of Versailles at the Paris Peace
Conference?
A. Britain B. France
C. Germany D. Italy □
36. Which of the following were the terms of the Treaty of Versailles?
(1) Germany was solely responsible for the War.
(2) Germany should be given some land.
(3) Germany should pay an indemnity to cover the cost of the War.
(4) Germany should give up all its colonies.
A. (1), (2), (3) B. (1), (3), (4)
37. When was the League of Nations set up?

A. 1918 B. 1919
C. 1920 D. 1921 □
38. Which international organisation did the man shown in the picture below propose
to set up?
A. The United Nations

B. The League of Nations
C. The Permanent Court of Arbitration
D. The North Atlantic Treaty Organization □

39. Which of the following nation-states were newly created after the First World
War?
(1) Albania
(2) Yugoslavia
(3) Romania
(4) Czechoslovakia
A. (2), (4) B. (3), (4)
C. (1), (2), (3) D. (1), (3), (4) □
40. The First World War led to the collapse of some traditional empires. They were:
(1) The Russian Empire
(2) The German Empire
(3) The British Empire
(4) The Austro-Hungarian Empire
A. (1), (2), (4) B. (1), (3), (4)
C. (2), (3) D. (2), (3), (4) □
41. Which of the following were results of the First World War?
(1) The social status of women dropped.
(2) A huge number of people died.
(3) Some European powers collapsed.
(4) The League of Nations was set up.
A. (1), (2), (4) B. (1), (3), (4)
42. Which of the following were impacts of the First World War?
(1) The map of Europe was redrawn.
(2) Archduke Ferdinand was assassinated.
(3) Heavy casualties and great economic losses were brought about.
(4) The empires of Germany, Russia, Turkey and Austria-Hungary broke down.
(5) The alliance system started.
A. (1), (2), (3) B. (1), (3), (4)
C. (2), (3), (5) D. (3), (4), (5) □

(5) Fill in the Blanks: Fill in the following blanks with the correct answers.
1. By the late 19th century, most European countries were industrialised. To meet
their increasing demand for _____________ and overseas markets, they
scrambled for _____________ in Asia and Africa.
2. In the early 20th century, _____________ and Germany competed fiercely in

building _____________, which were the largest and most powerful battleships
in the world at that time.
3. In the second half of the 19th century, nationalism drove the _____________ and
the _____________ to unify their own country.
4. With its defeat in the _____________ in 1871, France lost _____________ and
_____________ to Germany.
5. The alliance system was suggested by _____________.
6. In 1882, Germany formed the _____________ with Italy and _____________. In

response, ______________, Russia and Britain formed the _____________ in
1907.
7. Under the influence of extreme nationalism, Russia planned to bring all

_____________ living in _____________ under its control.
8. The idea of _____________ called for the German people to expand in Europe.
9. The members of the Triple Entente included Britain, _____________ and

_____________.
10. The members of the Triple Alliance included Germany, _____________ and
_____________.
11. _____________ was forced to make concessions to France in the two Moroccan
Crises.
12. In 1908, Austria annexed _____________ and _____________. This angered

Russia and led to the _____________.

13. After the two Balkan Wars, _____________ was much enlarged, and it hindered
the expansion of _____________ into the Balkans.
14. On 28 June 1914, _____________ and his wife were shot dead when they visited
_____________, the capital of Bosnia. This incident started the First World War.
15. By August 1914, a local conflict between _____________ and _____________

had developed into the First World War.
16. After the outbreak of war, Germany carried out the _____________. It tried to
launch a quick attack on _____________ by passing through Belgium.
17. _____________ was a member of the Triple Alliance. However, it changed sides
to support the _____________ in 1915.
18. In 1917, Germany adopted the policy of _____________ to cut off Britain’s
supplies.
19. In 1917, the _____________ took place in Russia and soon Russia withdrew
from the First World War.
20. Tanks were first used by _____________ during the First World War.
21. When the First World War ended, the European powers met at the
_____________, in which Germany was forced to sign the _____________.
22. After the First World War, a number of new _____________ were set up in
Eastern and Southern Europe, such as Poland, Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia,
etc.
23. The First World War led to the fall of some traditional empires in Europe. These
included the Russian Empire, the _____________, the _____________ and the
Ottoman Empire.
24. The _____________ was set up in 1920. It aimed at settling future disputes and
maintaining _____________. Its headquarters were in _____________,
Switzerland.

25. After the War, Britain and France became weaker, while _____________ and
_____________ rose up as world powers.
26. During the First World War, _____________ were encouraged to work in
factories in order to carry on industrial production. After the War, their wartime
contributions were recognised and their _____________ began to rise.

(6) Sorting: Distinguish the odd item from each question and write it on the line
provided.
1. Austro-Hungarian Empire; Russian Empire; German Empire

_________________________________________________________________
2. Serbia; France; Romania

_________________________________________________________________
3. Second Balkan War; Bosnian Crisis; First Moroccan Crisis

_________________________________________________________________
4. Pan-Germanism; Pan-Slavism; Pan-Aryanism

_________________________________________________________________
5. Triple Entente; Triple Axis; Triple Alliance

_________________________________________________________________
6. The armaments race; Scramble for colonies; Anti-communism

_________________________________________________________________
7. Formation of the League of Nations; Convening of the Paris Peace Conference;

Outbreak of the October Revolution
_________________________________________________________________
8. Prime Minister Lloyd George of Britain; President Wilson of the United States;
Kaiser William II of Germany
_________________________________________________________________
9. Franco-Prussian War; First Balkan War; Franco-Turkish War

_________________________________________________________________
10. Bulgaria; Poland; Lithuania

_________________________________________________________________

(7) Vocabulary: Define the following historical terms with simple words.
1. Franco-Prussian War
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
2. Nationalism
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
3. Pan-Germanism
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
4. Pan-Slavism
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
5. Armaments race
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
6. Dreadnought
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
7. Triple Alliance
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
8. Triple Entente
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
9. Bosnian Crisis
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________

10. Two Moroccan Crises

_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
11. Sarajevo Incident

_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
12. Schlieffen Plan

_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
13. October Revolution

_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
14. Unrestricted submarine warfare

_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
15. Paris Peace Conference

_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
16. Treaty of Versailles

_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
17. League of Nations

_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________

(8) Short Questions: Give short answers to the following questions.
1. How did the Franco-Prussian War help the rise of extreme nationalism in
Europe?
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
2. Where did the European powers mostly compete for colonies?

_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
3. Why did an armaments race develop in Europe in the early 20th century?
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
4. List the years of establishment and the member states of the Triple Alliance and
the Triple Entente.
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
5. What were the impacts of the two Balkan Wars on Europe?

_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
6. Why did the Sarajevo Incident take place?

_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
7. Briefly explain why Britain joined the First World War.

_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
8. Briefly introduce the battlefields and war fronts of the First World War.
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
9. Why did the fighting on the Eastern Front end in 1917?

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________
10. What was the aim of the Paris Peace Conference?

_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
11. Were the Germans willing to accept the Treaty of Versailles? Why?
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
12. What was the impact of the First World War on women’s social status?
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________

(9) Long Questions: Give detailed answers to the following questions.
1. Why did European powers compete for colonies in the late 19th century?
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
2. How did European powers compete with each other in the armaments race?
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
3. What was the significance of the setting up of the alliance system in Europe?
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
4. How did the Sarajevo Incident lead to the outbreak of the First World War?
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
5. According to the Treaty of Versailles, how was Germany punished?

_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
6. ‘The Treaty of Versailles sowed the seeds of the Second World War.’ Do you
agree with this view? Explain your answer.
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________

7. What were the impacts of the First World War on world politics?
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________

(10) Data-Based Questions: Study the sources provided and answer the following
questions.
1. Study the sources below and answer the following questions.
Source A
Extract from the work of a historian:
The loss of Alsace and part of Lorraine to Germany after the Franco-Prussian
War left France with an enduring sense of loss. ... the statesman who did most
to restore French fortunes after the defeat, once said, ‘Never speak of it; think
of it always.’
Source B Source C
A French painting in the late 19th A cartoon published in 1882

century. Its title is ‘Alsace is Ours’.
(1) Identify France’s attitude towards Germany after the Franco-Prussian

War with reference to sources A and B.
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
(2) What was Germany’s response to France’s attitude mentioned above?

Explain your answer with reference to source C.
__________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
(3) Refer to Q2, what were the impacts of Germany’s response on the
relations among the European powers in the early 20th century?
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________

Source A
A British cartoon published in 1914. The man in the cartoon is Kaiser William II
of Germany.
Source B
Extract from a speech given by Kaiser William II in 1908:
Germany is a growing young empire. Its trade covers the entire world and is
fast expanding... Germany must possess a powerful fleet to protect its trade
and its interests overseas...It must be well prepared for what would possibly
happen in the Far East... Only the powers that possess strong navies can win
the respect of other nations.
(1) What was William II doing, as reflected in source A?

__________________________________________________________
(2) Why did he do it? Explain your answer using your own knowledge.
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________

(3) What is the impact of his action on the peace in Europe in the early 20th
century? Explain your answer with reference to source B, and using your
own knowledge.
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________

Source A
A cartoon about the Second Hague Conference in 1907
Source B
Extract from the Pacific Settlement of International Disputes signed after
the Second Hague Conference in 1907:
Article 1: In order to prevent the use of force in the relations between States,
the Contracting Powers agree to use their best efforts to ensure the pacific
settlement of international differences.
Article 2: In case of serious disagreement or dispute, before an appeal to arms,
the Contracting Powers agree to settle the dispute, as far as circumstances
allow, through mediation of one or more friendly Powers.
Article 3: Independently of this recourse, the Contracting Powers deem it
expedient and desirable that one or more Powers, strangers to the dispute,
should, on their own initiative and as far as circumstances may allow, offer
mediation to the States in conflict...
(1) Why was the aim of the Second Hague Conference? What was the
attitude of the European powers towards this conference? Explain your
answer with reference to source A.
__________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
(2) Did the Second Hague Conference achieve its aim mentioned above?
Explain your answer with reference to sources A and B.
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
(3) Did the European powers abide by the Pacific Settlement of International
Disputes (source B)? Explain your answer with reference to the historical
facts of 1914.
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________

Source A
Austria-
Germany Britain Russia Italy France
Hungary
Percentage of increase in
military expenditures 335% 175% 260% 180% 155% 140%
between 1872 and 1912
Source B
Extract from the work of a historian:
In the late 19th century, European countries made great progresses in military
technology. Apart from improvement in weapons, new weapons, such as
submarines, warplanes, hand-grenades and torpedo, were invented. ...On the
other hand, military merchants were eager to promote the armaments race
among the great powers. They sold weapons to a country in order to cause
panic in other countries. Thus, the sale of weapons grew.
(1) Identify the trend in the military expenditures of European powers

between 1872 and 1912, as reflected in source A.
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
(2) Did source B adequately explain the trend mentioned above? Explain
your answer with reference to source B, and using your own knowledge.
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________

Source A Source B
The number of The number of armed

battleships in 1914 forces in August 1914
(in million)
Britain
France
Russia
Turkey
Austria
Germany
Britain
France
Russia
Turkey
Austria
Germany
(1) Refer to the sources above. Which country had the largest number of
armed forces in 1914? Which country had the largest number of
battleships? Explain why it was so.
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
(2) Britain was a powerful nation by 1914, but why did it have a smaller
armed forces than other powers?
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________

(3) The sources above show the military strength of two European rival
camps. What are the two camps? Who were members of these camps?
Which camp had stronger military power?
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
(4) Can you deduce from the sources above the winners of the First World
War? Why?
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________

Source A
Extract from a German newspaper report (1904):
As our population was growing and in need of a navel base, Morocco became
an issue of German concern. If Germany could not gain benefits in Morocco,
we would in the process of partitioning the world return empty handed... It’s
time for Germany to take Morocco...
Source B
A cartoon published in 1905. The man in the cartoon is Kaiser William II of

Germany.
(1) Refer to source A, why was Germany eager to take Morocco?

__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
(2) Identify the historical event referred to in source B. Cite two clues from
the source to support your answer.
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________

(3) Why did the event shown in source B occur? Explain your answer with
reference to source A.
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
(4) What were the impacts of the event in source B on the relations among
the European powers at that time?
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________

7. Study the source below and answer the following questions.
Source A
The bodies of Archduke Ferdinand of Austria and his wife
(1) Which historical event is the picture above related to? When did it
occur?
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
(2) What was the historical significance of this event?

__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
(3) Do you think this event was the major cause of the outbreak of the First
World War? Why?
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________

8. The sources below are related to the Sarajevo Incident that happened on 28 June
1914. Study them carefully and answer the following questions.
Source A
Princip’s (the assassin) view of the assassination:
I was four or five steps away from that man and I shot him twice... I was
caught by the police and army officers and was beaten up. Covered with
blood, I was taken to the police station. I am not a criminal because I have
destroyed a bad guy. I think I did the right thing.
Source B
Extract from a letter written by Emperor Francis Joseph of Austria-
Hungary to Kaiser William II of Germany on 5 July 1914:
... unless Serbia is eliminated as a political factor in the Balkans. ... and that
the maintenance of peaceful policy by all the European Monarchies will be
threatened. I hope that You will keep the commitment between Germany
and Austria-Hungary, and be on my side when necessary.
Source C
Extract from the Austrian ultimatum to Serbia on 23 July:
Now the history of the past few years, and particularly the painful events of
the 28th of June, have proved the existence of a subversive movement in
Serbia, whose object is to separate certain portions of its territory from the
Austro-Hungarian Monarchy... Serbia must pledge itself:
 To remove all military and government officials who conducted anti-

Austrian propaganda.
 To dissolve all anti-Austrian organisations immediately.
 To allow Austria-Hungary to send representatives to Serbia for the joint
suppression of anti-Austrian activities.
(1) Who was ‘that man’ in source A? Why did Princip assassinate him?
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
(2) Explain why Emperor Franz Joseph of Austria-Hungary asked Kaiser

William II of Germany to ‘keep the commitment between Germany and
Austria-Hungary’ (source B).

__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
(3) Did William II promise the request of Emperor of Austria-Hungary?

Explain your answer using your own knowledge.
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
(4) Why did Austria-Hungary send an ultimatum to Serbia, as reflected in

source C?
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
(5) Did Serbia accept the Austrian demands in the ultimatum? What result
was brought about?
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________

9. The map below shows Europe in 1914. Study it carefully and answer the
following questions.
Source A
I
B
D
Atlantic E
Ocean
C
F H
G Black Sea
A
(1) Match the following countries with the places marked A to I on the map.
Russia: ( ) Britain: ( ) Germany: ( )
Austria-Hungary: ( ) Italy: ( ) Spain: ( )
France: ( ) Belgium: ( ) Switzerland: ( )
(2) Which of these countries:

(i) were members of the Triple Alliance?
__________________________________________________________
(ii) were members of the Triple Entente?

__________________________________________________________
(iii) did not take part in the First World War?

__________________________________________________________
(3) Match the countries marked A to I on the map with the following events
to show where they took place.
(i) The setting up of the League of Nations:
__________________________________________________________

(ii) The assassination of Archduke Ferdinand:

__________________________________________________________
(iii) The holding of the Paris Peace Conference:

__________________________________________________________

10. The sources below show the reasons for Germany and Britain to take part in the
First World War. Study them carefully and answer the following questions.
Source A
Extract from a speech given by Kaiser William II of Germany on 4 August
1914:
The present situation is the result of an ill will which has been active for many
years against the power and prosperity of the German Empire. No lust of
conquest drives us on... In a defensive war that has been forced upon us, with
a clear conscience and a clean hand, we take up the sword...
Source B
Extract from an interview of Prime Minister Asquith of Britain on 6
August 1914:
If I am asked what we are fighting for, I reply in two sentences. In the first
place, to fulfill a solemn international obligation (to protect Belgium)...
Secondly, we are fighting to vindicate the principle... that small nationalities
are not to be crushed in defiance of international good faith, by the ... will of a
strong and overmastering power...
(1) Why did William II say that the First World War was ‘a defensive war
that has been forced upon us (Germany)’? Explain your answer using
your own knowledge.
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
(2) Why did Britain take part in the First World War? Explain your answer
with reference to source B.
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
(3) Give one example of the contradictions between the two sources above.
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________

Source A
A cartoon published in August 1914
(1) Which country does the man in the cartoon represent?

__________________________________________________________
(2) What was he trying to do to the boy? Which historical event did this
refer to?
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
(3) How did the European powers react to the action of this man? What was
the result of their reaction?
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________

(4) Do you think the cartoonist supported the Triple Alliance or the Triple
Entente? Cite one clue from the source to support your answer.
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________

12. The sources below show what life was like in the trenches during the First World
War. Study them and answer the following questions.
Source A
A soldier describing his food in the trenches:
We usually had canned beef. We were always hungry. Many times we only got
one piece of bread, often without butter or jam, for breakfast and hard biscuits
for tea. The biscuits were so hard that you had to break them with a stone.
Source B
A soldier in the trench
Source C
A tank used during the First World War

(1) Infer the reasons for using trenches in the First World War.
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
(2) Describe the life in the trenches with reference to sources A and B.
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
(3) Which country first used the tank in source C during the First World
War? How did the use of tanks affect the trench warfare?
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________

Source A
A cartoon, published in April 1916, is titled ‘Uncle Ostrich’.
Source B
An American ship sunk by the Germans in February 1917 when Germany

adopted a policy of unrestricted submarine warfare.

(1) Which country does the man in source A represent? Cite one clue from
the source to support your answer.
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
(2) From the date of publication of source A, can you tell to which war the
cartoon refers? What was the attitude of the man towards that war?
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
(3) The man in source A changed his attitude in April 1917. Source B shows
one of the reasons for such a change. What is that reason?
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
(4) What effects did the change in the man’s attitude have on the war?
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________

Source A
Extract from a speech given by President Wilson of the United States to the
Congress in January 1918:
What we demand in this war is nothing peculiar to ourselves. It is that the

world be made fit and safe to live in; and particularly that it be made safe for
every peace-loving nation which, like our own, wishes to live its own life,
determine its institutions, be assured of justice and fair dealing by the other
peoples of the world as against force and selfish aggression. All the peoples of
the world are in effect partners in this interest, and for our own part we see
very clearly that unless justice be done to others it will not be done to us. The
programme of the world’s peace is therefore our programme.
Source B
The passage below is adapted from a history book:
The U.S. entry into the War worried the Germans... In the spring of 1918, the
German High Command launched a series of major attacks on France on the
Western Front in order to win a victory by defeating the Allied Powers as soon
as possible.
(1) Does source A adequately explain why the U.S. took part in the First
World War? Explain your answer with reference to source A, and using
your own knowledge.
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
(2) Identify and explain how Germany responded to the U.S. entry into the
First World War with reference to source B, and using your own
knowledge.
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
(3) Did the attacks launched by the Germans in source B succeed? What
were its impacts on the development of the War?
__________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________

15. The sources below discuss the reasons for Germany’s defeat in the First World
War. Study them and answer the following questions.
Source A
Theory 1:
Germany was defeated because the Allied soldiers successfully weakened the
morale of the German soldiers and German people.
Source B
Theory 2:
Germany was defeated because it was betrayed and forced to end the war by
revolutionaries at home. The German armed forces had not been defeated.
Source C
Theory 3:
There were many reasons for Germany’s defeat. They included losses of battles,
failing morale of the soldiers, and unwillingness of the new revolutionary
government to continue fighting, etc.
(1) What reasons do the sources above suggest for Germany’s defeat in the
First World War?
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
(2) Which reasons suggested by the theories above are consistent with each
other? Which reasons contradict one another?
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
(3) What should we do when we encounter historical sources with different

points of views?
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
(4) Which of the theories above do you think is most credible? Explain your

answer using your own knowledge.

__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________

16. Study the maps below and answer the following questions.
Source A
Europe in 1914
Source B
Europe in 1920 (*Russia was renamed the Soviet Union in 1922.)

(1) Name the members of the Triple Alliance and the Triple Entente, and
describe their geographical features.
Triple Alliance: _____________________________________________
Triple Entente: ______________________________________________
Geographical features: _______________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
(2) Compare sources A and B. Describe the post-WWI changes in the

territories of the members of the Triple Alliance and Russia. Explain
such changes.
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
(3) What were the other changes made to the map of Europe besides those
mentioned in Q2? What was the objective of making such changes?
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
(4) Was the objective in Q3 achieved in the end? Explain your answer.
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________

Source A
A cartoon, published in December 1919, is titled ‘Carving the Peace Pudding’
(1) Which international peace conference is source A related to? Cite two
clues from the source to support your answer.
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
(2) Explain why Austria-Hungary, Germany, Bulgaria and Turkey were not
allowed to enter the house and enjoy the peace pudding.
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
(3) Using your own knowledge, explain why the representative of the U.S.
was depicted as semi-transparent.
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
(4) What was the cartoonist’s attitude towards that international peace
conference? Explain your answer.
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________

18. The sources below show the speeches of four historical figures after the First
World War. Study them and answer the following questions.
Source A
‘Peace treaties often are the start of an uprising to come. In the oppression of
the treaty and shamelessness of its demands, there lies the greatest propaganda
weapon for the reawakening of a nation’s spirit.’
Hitler, the leader of the Nazi Party, 1925
Source B
‘We must not let any sense of revenge, any spirit of greed, any grasping desire
override the fundamental principles of righteousness...The British Government
will be in favour of a just peace.’
Prime Minster Lloyd George of Britain, 1919
Source C
‘In the first three years of the War, we lost three and a half million men. Our
experiences have created in this country a strong demand for compensation.’
Premier Clemenceau of France, 1919
Source D
I can predict with absolute certainty that within another generation there will
be another world war.
President Wilson of the U.S., 1919
(1) To which treaty do all the sources above refer? Cite two clues to support
your answer.
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
(2) Briefly describe the opinions of the political figures above about the
treaty mentioned in Q1.
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
(3) Referring to the above sources and using your own knowledge, discuss

the effects the signing of the treaty on the world.

__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
(4) ‘Peace treaties often are the start of an uprising to come.’ (source A) Do
you agree with Hitler? Explain your answer.
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________

Source A
A cartoon, published in 1919, reflects a cartoonist’s view on the Treaty of

Versailles.
Source B
Extract from a German newspaper on 28 June 1919:
Vengeance! German nation! Today, in the Hall of Mirrors (a hall at the Palace
of Versailles) the disgraceful treaty is being signed. Do not forget it. The
German people will, with unceasing labour, press forward to reconquer the
place among nations to which it is entitled. Vengeance will then come for the
shame of 1919.
Source C
A cartoon, published in 1919, is titled ‘Their Turn Next’.

(1) What was the cartoonist’s view on the Treaty of Versailles, as reflected in
source A? Explain your answer with reference to source A.
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
(2) How did the German people view the Treaty of Versailles? Explain your
answer with reference to source B.
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
(3) How did Bulgaria, Turkey and Austria-Hungary view the Treaty of
Versailles that was signed by Germany, as reflected in source C?
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
(4) ‘The Treaty of Versailles did not bring peace to Europe.’ Do you agree
with this statement? Explain your answer with reference to the sources
above.
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________

Source A
Percentage
July July July

1914 1918 1920
The employment rate of women in
Britain, 1914-1920
The employment rate of women in Britain, 1914-1920
Source B
Women voting with smiling faces

(1) Describe the changes in the employment rate of women in source A.

__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
(2) Discuss the reasons for the changes in Q1.

__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
(3) During the First World War, women contributed to their countries by
going out to work. Source B shows the reward for their contributions.
What was their reward? What was the historical significance of
rewarding women in this way?
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
(4) ‘The rise of women’s status was started by the First World War.’ Do you
agree with the statement? Why?
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________

Answers
(1) Truth or Fraud
1. 
2. 
3. 
4. 
5. 
6. 
7. 
8. 
9. 
10. 
11. 
12. 
13. 
14. 
15. 
16. 

17. 
18. 
19. 
20. 
21. 
22. 
23. 
24. 
25. 
26. 
27. 
28. 
29. 
30. 
31. 
32. 
33. 
34. 
35. 

36. 
37. 
38. 
39. 
40. 
(2) Matching
1. Clemenceau - Premier of France

Archduke Ferdinand - Heir to the Austrian throne
Wilson - President of the U.S.
Nicholas II - Czar of Russia
Bismarck - Chancellor of Germany
Lloyd George - Prime Minister of Britain
William II - Kaiser of Germany
2. Italy - This country formed the Triple Alliance with Germany and Austria-
Hungary.
Britain - This country competed with Germany fiercely in the naval race.
Russia - This country formed the Triple Entente with Britain and France.
Germany - This country started the alliance system.
Austria-Hungary - This country declared war on Serbia and started the First World
War.
France - This country hated Germany due to its loss of Alsace-Lorraine.
Serbia - This country quarrelled with Austria-Hungary over the control of Bosnia
and Herzegovina.
3. 1882 - The Triple Alliance was formed.

1907 - The Triple Entente was formed.
1913 - The Second Balkan War broke out.
1914 - The Sarajevo Incident took place.
1918 - The First World War ended.
4. 1905 - The First Moroccan Crisis broke out.

1908 - The Bosnian Crisis took place.

1911 - The Second Moroccan Crisis broke out.
1912 - The First Balkan War broke out.
1919 - The Paris Peace Conference was held.
5. 1914 - Germany carried out the Schlieffen Plan.

1915 - Italy joined the Allied Powers.
1917 - The United States declared war on Germany.
1918 - Germany surrendered.
6. Germany attacked American ships in the English Channel. - America declared war
on Germany.
Russia wanted to withdraw from the First World War in 1917. - Russia signed a
treaty with Germany by which it had to give away some land.
Austria annexed Bosnia-Herzegovina where many Serbs were living. - Serbia
decided to take revenge on Austria.
Both Russians and Serbs were Slavs. - Russia supported Serbia in the Austro-
Serbian conflict.
The Treaty of Versailles was regarded as a humiliation to many Germans. - The
Germans wanted to destroy the treaty at all cost.
7. Germany was afraid of a two-front war. - Germany planned to invade France

through Belgium in 6 weeks and then turn east to attack Russia.
Germany attacked Belgium. - Britain declared war on Germany.
Bismarck was worried that France would take revenge on Germany after the
Franco-Prussian War. - Bismarck started the alliance system to isolate France.
Extreme nationalism was popular in Europe in the late 19th century. - The powers
were prepared to go to war in order to promote their national interests.
Trench warfare developed and many new weapons were used during the First
World War. - The First World War brought about heavy casualties and severe
destruction.
8. Central Powers of the First World War - Germany, Austria-Hungary, Turkey

Allied Powers of the First World War - The United States, Serbia, Britain, Russia
9. Victorious powers of the First World War – France, China, Italy, Britain
Defeated powers of the First World War – Germany, Bulgaria, Austria-Hungary

(3) Time Sense
1. (b) Franco-Prussian War; (c) Bosnian Crisis; (a) First Balkan War
2. (b) Bosnian Crisis; (a) Second Moroccan Crisis; (c) Sarajevo Incident
3. (c) Bosnia was annexed; (b) Morocco became a French protectorate; (a)
Archduke Ferdinand was assassinated
4. (c) Outbreak of the Franco-Prussian War; (a) Unification of Germany; (b)

5. (c) Formation of the Triple Alliance; (a) Formation of the Triple Entente; (b)
Outbreak of the Second Balkan War
6. (b) First Moroccan Crisis; (a) Bosnian Crisis; (c) First Balkan War
7. (c) Formation of the Triple Alliance; (b) Formation of the Triple Entente; (a)
Formation of the League of Nations
8. (b) Herzegovina was annexed; (c) Archduke Ferdinand and his wife were
assassinated; (a) Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia
9. (b) Austria-Hungary sent an ultimatum to Serbia; (c) Russia mobilised its troop
to support Serbia; (a) Germany carried out the Schlieffen Plan
10. (c) Germany invaded France through Belgium; (b) Italy joined the Allied
Powers; (a) The U.S. joined the First World War
11. (b) The Schlieffen Plan; (a) Defeat of Russia on the Eastern Front; (c) British
first use of the tanks
12. (b) Germany invaded France through Belgium; (a) The October Revolution
broke out in Russia; (c) Russia withdrew from the First World War
13. (b) Germany started the unrestricted submarine warfare; (a) The U.S. joined the
First World War; (c) Germany made several major attacks on the Western Front

14. (c) Withdrawal of Russia from the First World War; (a) Surrender of Bulgaria;
(b) Surrender of Germany
15. (a) Fall of the Austro-Hungarian Empire; (c) Convening of the Paris Peace
Conference; (b) Formation of the League of Nations
16. (c) End of fighting on the Eastern Front; (b) Surrender of Germany; (a) Signing
of the Treaty of Versailles
17. (a) Fall of the Russian Empire; (c) Fall of the Austro-Hungarian Empire; (b) Fall
of the Ottoman Empire
18. (b) Franco-Prussian War; (a) First Balkan War; (c) First World War
19. (b) Fall of the German Empire; (c) Signing of the Treaty of Versailles; (a)
German entry into the League of Nations
20. (a) Russia became a communist country; (c) The German Empire collapsed; (b)
The Paris Peace Conference were held
(4) Multiple Choice
1. A
2. A
3. A
4. C
5. B
6. A
7. B
8. C

9. B
10. A
11. B
12. C
13. D
14. A
15. D
16. A
17. D
18. B
19. D
20. B
21. B
22. D
23. D
24. D
25. D
26. A
27. D

28. C
29. B
30. A
31. A
32. B
33. D
34. B
35. C
36. B
37. C
38. B
39. A
40. A
41. C
42. B
(5) Fill in the Blanks
1. raw materials; colonies
2. Britain; dreadnoughts
3. Italians; Germans

4. Franco-Prussian War; Alsace; Lorraine
5. Bismarck
6. Triple Alliance; Austria-Hungary; France; Triple Entente
7. Slavs; Europe
8. Pan-Germanism
9. Russia; France
10. Italy; Austria-Hungary
11. Germany
12. Bosnia; Herzegovina; Bosnian Crisis
13. Serbia; Austria-Hungary
14. Archduke Ferdinand; Sarajevo
15. Austria-Hungary; Serbia
16. Schlieffen Plan; France
17. Italy; Allied Powers
18. unrestricted submarine warfare
19. October Revolution
20. Britain
21. Paris Peace Conference; Treaty of Versailles
22. nation-states

23. German Empire; Austro-Hungarian Empire
24. League of Nations; peace; Geneva
25. the United States; Japan
26. women; social status
(6) Sorting
1. Russian Empire (It was not formed by the German race.)
2. France (It is not situated in the Balkans.)
3. First Moroccan Crisis (It was not occurred in the Balkans.)
4. Pan-Aryanism (It was not a kind of extreme nationalism before the First World
War.)
5. Triple Axis (It was not a military alliance formed before the First World War.)
6. Anti-communism (It was not a cause of the First World War.)
7. Outbreak of the October Revolution (It did not take place after the First World
War.)
8. Kaiser William II of Germany (He did not attend the Paris Peace Conference.)
9. Franco-Turkish War (It did not break out before the First World War.)
10. Bulgaria (It was not a nation-states that set up after the First World War.)
(7) Vocabulary
1. The Franco-Prussian War was a war broke out between France and Prussia in
1870. In 1871, Prussia defeated France and completed the unification of
Germany.

2. Nationalism is a belief that people of one particular race, language, culture and
tradition should form an independent nation of their own.
3. Pan-Germanism was a kind of extreme nationalism put forward by Germany and

Austria-Hungary in the late 19th century. It demanded the German people should
expand in Europe.
4. Pan-Slavism was a kind of extreme nationalism put forward by Russia in the late
19th century. It demanded that all Slav people in Europe should be united under
Russian control.
5. An Armaments race means the powers compete to produce a large number of

weapons and superior military technology in order to expand their territories.
6. Dreadnoughts were the largest, fastest and most powerful battleships in the world
before the First World War.
7. The Triple Alliance was a military alliance formed by Germany, Austria-Hungary

and Italy in 1882.
8. The Triple Entente was a military alliance formed by Britain, France and Russia
in 1907.
9. The Bosnian Crisis took place in 1908 when Austria annexed Bosnia and
Herzegovina. This angered Serbia and Russia because they wanted to have the
same places as well.
10. The Two Moroccan Crises occurred because both France and Germany wanted to
turn Morocco into its colony. The First Moroccan Crisis broke out in 1905.
Germany was defeated in the end. The Second Moroccan Crisis broke out in
1911. Since Britain supported France, Germany lost again.
11. On 28 June 1914, Archduke Franz Ferdinand, heir to the Austrian throne, and his
wife visited Sarajevo, the capital of Bosnia. There, they were shot and killed by a
Serb. This was known as the Sarajevo Incident.
12. The Schlieffen Plan was suggested by a German named Schlieffen. In order to
prevent a two-front war between France and Russia, Germany decided to invade

France through neutral Belgium. It wanted to defeat France within six weeks and
then turned east to attack Russia.
13. The October Revolution refers to a revolution that broke out in Russia in
November 1917. The Czarist government was overthrown.
14. In 1917, Germany adopted the policy of unrestricted submarine warfare, under
which Germany would sink all ships - commercial, civil or military - in war-zone
waters in order to cut off Britain’s supplies.
15. From January to June 1919, most of the victorious powers of the First World War
met at the Paris Peace Conference. They wanted to discuss the terms under which
they would accept the surrender of Germany and other defeated powers.
16. The Treaty of Versailles was signed by the victorious powers of the First World
War and Germany on 28 June 1919. Under the treaty, Germany had to bear the
sole responsibility for the War, pay compensations for the powers, give up all its
overseas colonies and reduce the size of its army, etc.
17. After the First World War, the European powers wanted to maintain peace. Since
they wanted to settle future disputes through peaceful means, they set up an
international organisation called the League of Nations. The League came into
being in 1920. Its headquarters were in Geneva, Switzerland.
(8) Short Questions
1. Since France was defeated in the Franco-Prussian War and was forced to cede
Alsace and Lorraine to Germany, the French people developed strong revengeful
feelings against the Germans. They wanted to defeat Germany and take back
Alsace and Lorraine.
2. The European powers mostly competed for colonies in Asia, Africa and the
Pacific region.
3. Influenced by colonial conflicts and extreme nationalism, the relations among the
European powers grew tense in the early 20th century. As a result, the European
powers started to arm themselves. They increased their military expenditure,
enlarged their army and navy, and invented new weapons. An armaments race

began to develop in Europe.
4. The Triple Alliance was formed in 1882, and its members included Germany,
Austria-Hungary and Italy. The Triple Entente was formed in 1907. It members
included Britain, France and Russia.
5. After the Two Balkan Wars, Serbia became very powerful. Since it threatened the
Austrian expansion into the Balkans, Austria had to crush Serbia.
6. Ever since Austria annexed Bosnia in 1908, the people in the Balkans hated the
Austrians very much. Then, on 28 June 1914, Archduke Franz Ferdinand, heir to
the Austrian throne, and his wife visited Sarajevo, the capital of Bosnia. There,
they were shot and killed by a Serb. This was the Sarajevo Incident.
7. In August 1914, Germany carried out the Schlieffen Plan by which Germany
invaded France through Belgium. Since Germany’s invasion destroyed the
neutrality of Belgium, Britain declared war on Germany.
8. During the First World War, all major battles were fought in Europe. There were
two main fronts: the Western Front (where Britain and France fought against
Germany) and the Eastern Front (where Germany and Austria-Hungary fought
against Russia). The two opposing camps also fought battles at sea and in other
regions.
9. In November 1917, the October Revolution took place in Russia, and the Czarist
government was overthrown. The new government soon withdrew from the War,
and the fighting on the Eastern Front ended.
10. The aim of the Paris Peace Conference was to discuss the terms under which the
European powers would accept the surrender of Germany and other defeated
powers.
11. No. To the Germans, the terms of the Treaty of Versailles were very harsh. They
hated particularly that Germany had to be totally disarmed and bear the sole
responsibility for the War. They felt humiliated and decided to take revenge.
12. During the First World War, women were encouraged to work in factories in
order to carry on industrial production. After the War, women’s abilities and their

contribution to the country were recognised. Their social status began to rise.
(9) Long Questions
1. By the late 19th century, most European countries were industrialised. The rapid
growth of industrial development created an increasing demand for raw
materials, labour and foreign markets. The territorial expansion in Asia, Africa
and the Pacific could satisfy these needs.
2. European powers armed themselves by introducing compulsory conscription,

increasing the production of powerful military weapons, and investing more time
and money on the invention of new weapons.
3. After setting up the alliance system, European powers became less willing to
settle conflicts by peaceful means. This was because they knew their allies would
support them when a war broke out. Besides, any quarrel between countries from
the opposing camps could easily involve all other members. Then, a local
conflict would develop into a world war.
4. In the Sarajevo Incident, Archduke Ferdinand, heir to the Austrian throne, was
killed by a Serb. After the assassination, Austria sent an ultimatum to Serbia.
Since Serbia did not accept the ultimatum in full, Austria declared war on Serbia.
Shortly afterwards, other major powers declared war on one another. The First
World War began.
5. According to the Treaty of Versailles, Germany had to be totally disarmed and

bear the sole responsibility for the War. In addition, it had to give away all its
overseas colonies and pay for the cost of the War.
6. I agree that the Treaty of Versailles sowed the seeds of the Second World War. To
the Germans, the terms of the Treaty of Versailles were very harsh. Germany had
to be totally disarmed and bear the sole responsibility for the War. The Germans
felt humiliated and decided to take revenge. This sowed the seeds of the Second
World War.
7. After the First World War, four powerful empires in Europe fell. They included
the Russian Empire, the Austro- Hungarian Empire, the German Empire and the
Ottoman Empire. Russia even became the first communist country in the world,

the Soviet Union. On the other hand, many new nation-states were created. Most
of them were in Eastern Europe, such as Hungary, Poland, Czechoslovakia, etc.
After the War, Britain and France became weaker, while the United States and
Japan grew stronger.
(10) Data-Based Questions
1. (1) Source A shows that the French always thought of the defeat in the
Franco-Prussian War and wanted to take revenge on Germany. Source B
shows that the French were determined to take back Alsace-Lorraine from
Germany.
(2) After the Franco-Prussian War, as Germany was afraid that France would
take revenge on it, it started the alliance system to isolate France. The
cartoon in source C was published in 1882 when Germany formed the
Triple Alliance with Austria-Hungary and Italy. Thus, they celebrated the
becoming of allies and the isolation of France.
(3) In response to the formation of the Triple Alliance, France, Russia and
Britain formed the Triple Entente in 1907. Europe was then divided into
two rival camps. Since European powers became less willing to settle
disputes by peaceful means, their relations grew tense.
2. (1) William II was attempting to pick up the soap, which symbolised Europe,
and made it his own.
(2) In the late 19th century, Pan-Germanism rose in Germany. In order to
satisfy the nationalist sentiments, William II planned to expand into
Europe. Therefore, it can be seen that his action was influenced by extreme
nationalism.
(3) His action would destroy the peace of Europe. Under the influence of
extreme nationalism, Germany was eager to expand its territories and
would inevitably be in conflict with other European powers. According to
source B, Germany had to ‘possess a powerful fleet to protect its trade and
its interests overseas’. This would arouse the suspicion of other European
powers and lead to a fierce armaments race. The possibility of the outbreak
of war increased.
3. (1) The words ‘The Hague Temple of Disarmament’ was written in the source.
It shows that the Second Hague Conference aimed at disarmament among
the great powers. However, the powers took a dilatory attitude towards the

disarmament conference. Since they did not want to enter ‘The Hague
Temple of Disarmament’, they were courteous to each other and invited
the other countries to enter first in order to delay the disarmament effort.
(2) No. Source A shows that the Second Hague Conference aimed at
disarmament among the great powers. However, the treaty signed after the
Second Hague Conference did not mention the arrangement of
disarmament, as reflected in source B. Although the great powers agreed to
settle the conflicts by peaceful means, they could not achieve the aim of
disarmament.
(3) No. On 28 June 1914, the Sarajevo Incident took place. One month later,
Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia. Under the alliance system, the
great powers declared war on one another in order to support their allies.
They did not settle the dispute through mediation, as stated in the Pacific
Settlement of International Disputes. Finally, a local conflict between
Austria-Hungary and Serbia developed into the First World War.
4. (1) There was a big increase in the military expenditures of European powers
between 1872 and 1912. The military expenditures of some countries
increased several times. Among them, Germany had the largest percentage
increase in military expenditures, i.e. 335%.
(2) No. Source B shows that the military expenditures of European powers
increased greatly because of progresses in military technology and
invention of new weapons. Besides, the military merchants were eager to
promote the armaments race in order to make more money. However,
source B does not show other factors that led to an increase in military
expenditures, such as rise of extreme nationalism and colonial conflicts.
Since these factors increased the tension among the European powers, they
spent a large sum of money to arm themselves and prepare for war in the
future.
5. (1) Germany had the largest number of armed forces because it was a strong
power and it introduced conscriptions at that time. Since Britain has long
enjoyed naval supremacy, it had the largest number of battleships.
(2) Britain is geographically separated from the European continent, and it had
always adopted an isolationist foreign policy. In the early 20th century, it
worked to maintain its naval supremacy and was the only power that did
not introduce conscriptions. Therefore, it had a smaller armed forces than
other European powers.

(3) The two rival camps are the Allied Powers and the Central Powers. The
former included Britain, France and Russia, while the latter included
Germany, Austria and Turkey. Comparing the size of the armed forces and
the number of battleships, the military power of the Allied Powers was
obviously stronger.
(4) The sources above only tell us the military strength of the powers. Other
information, such as the conditions of armaments, is not mentioned.
Moreover, the result of a war depends on many other factors, such as war
strategy and national economic strength. Therefore, we cannot tell from
these sources which side would win the First World War.
6. (1) Germany was eager to take Morocco in order to solve the economic
problems brought about by the growing population. Besides, Germany had
to build a naval base in Morocco to protect its overseas interests.
(2) The First Moroccan Crisis. Source B was published in 1905 when the First
Moroccan Crisis broke out. In addition, the word ‘Morocco’ was written
on the luggage of William II. This shows Germany’s ambition in Morocco,
which was a cause of the First Moroccan Crisis.
(3) Source A shows that Germany wanted to turn Morocco into its colony.
However, France also wanted to do so. Therefore, conflicts over Morocco
occurred between France and Germany, and the First Moroccan Crisis
broke out.
(4) Since Britain and Russia supported France in the First Moroccan Crisis,
Germany was forced to make concessions. Morocco’s independence was
recognised, but France enjoyed special privileges there. After the crisis, the
relations between Germany and France worsened, and the European
situation became tense.
7. (1) The Sarajevo Incident. On 28 June 1914, Archduke Ferdinand and his wife
were assassinated by a Serb when they visited Sarajevo, the capital of
Bosnia.
(2) Austria used the incident as an excuse to declare war on Serbia. Shortly
afterwards, the great powers declared war on one another. Thus, a local
conflict soon developed into the First World War.
(3) Free answer.
8. (1) That man was Archduke Ferdinand, heir to the Austrian throne. Ever since
Austria annexed Bosnia in 1908, the people in the Balkans hated the

Austrians very much because the Greater Serbia Movement was hindered.
In June 1914, Archduke Ferdinand visited Sarajevo, the capital of Bosnia.
Princip, a radical Serb, assassinated Archduke Ferdinand for revenge. He
thought that he killed a bad guy and he did the right thing.
(2) After the Sarajevo Incident, Austria-Hungary decided to declare war on
Serbia. Thus, Franz Joseph wrote a letter to William II in order to gain his
support. Since Germany and Austria-Hungary were allies in the Triple
Alliance, Franz Joseph asked William II to keep his commitment to the
alliance, and to support Austria in case of war.
(3) Yes. William II committed that Germany would gave Austria unlimited
support.
(4) Austria-Hungary wanted to investigate the Sarajevo Incident and suppress
all anti-Austrian activities in Serbia. Thus, the obstacle of its expansion
into the Balkans (i.e. Serbia) would be crushed.
(5) Since Serbia only accepted the first two requests, but refused to accept the
last one, Austria declared war on Serbia. The great powers also declared
war on one anther. Thus, a local conflict between Austria and Serbia
developed into the First World War.
9. (1) Russia: ( I ) Britain: ( B ) Germany: ( E )

Austria-Hungary: ( H ) Italy: ( G ) Spain: ( A )
France: ( C ) Belgium: ( D ) Switzerland: ( F )
(2) (i) : E, G, H
(ii) : B, C, I
(iii) : A, F
(3) (i) : F
(ii) : H
(iii) : C
10. (1) Archduke Ferdinand, heir to the Austrian throne, was assassinated in the
Sarajevo Incident. Since Austria-Hungary regarded the incident as an anti-
Austrian conspiracy of Serbia, it sent an ultimatum to Serbia. However, as
Serbia did not accept the ultimatum in full, Austria-Hungary declared war
on Serbia in order to defend the country. Germany was Austrian ally. Thus,
it joined the War to support the defensive actions of Austria-Hungary.
(2) According to source B, Britain joined the War because Germany carried
out the Schlieffen Plan and invaded France by passing through neutral
Belgium. Britain had to safeguard the neutrality of Belgium. On the other

hand, Britain joined the War in order to stop the expansion of great
powers, such as Germany and Austria-Hungary, and protect the small
nationalities from threat.
(3) Source A mentions that Germany was forced to take part in a ‘defensive
war’. However, source B mentions that small nationalities were to be
crushed by strong and overmastering power (Germany). This implies that
Germany had launched an aggressive war in Europe.
11. (1) He represents Germany.

(2) The man was trying to attack the boy with his stick. This referred to
Germany’s invasion of Belgium in August 1914 in order to defeat France
as quickly as possible.
(3) The European powers strongly objected to Germany’s invasion of neutral
Belgium. Germany, however, refused to back down. This finally led to the
outbreak of the First World War in 1914.
(4) The cartoonist portrayed Germany as a man with a stick in hand, trying to
attack a little boy. This shows that the cartoonist supported the Triple
Entente.
12. (1) From the late 19th century onwards, many new weapons, such as hand-
grenades and machine guns, were invented. They could cause heavy
causalities. Therefore, during the First World War, soldiers of both sides
dug and hid in deep trenches in order to escape from the attack of machine
guns.
(2) The life in the trenches was extremely hard. According to source A, the
soldiers were always hungry and the quality of food was very bad. Source
B shows the humid and dirty conditions of the trenches. Soldiers had to
stand in water and mud.
(3) Britain first used the tanks during the First World War. The tank was an
amoured vehicle with offensive and defensive capabilities. It could cross
the trenches and make trench warfare ineffective.
13. (1) Since the man is wearing clothes with stars and stripes, he represents the
U.S.
(2) The cartoon refers to the First World War. In April 1916, the U.S. was still
unwilling to involve itself in European affairs. Besides, its interests were
not yet threatened by the outbreak of the First World War in Europe.
Therefore, it adopted the ‘ostrich policy’ and turned a blind eye to the War.

(3) In February 1917, Germany began to adopt a policy of unrestricted

submarine warfare that aimed at cutting the supplies of the Allied Powers.
This policy directly threatened American interests. Thus, the U.S. declared
war on Germany in April 1917 and formally entered the First World War.
(4) The U.S. involvement in 1917 was a turning point of the First World War,
which was by then in a state of stalemate. It raised the morale of the Allied
soldiers and increased their military strength. It paved the way for the final
victory of the Allied Powers.
14. (1) No. According to source A, the U.S. joined the War for justice and to fight
against force and selfish aggression. It also wanted to maintain world
peace and make the world a safe place to live in. However, source A does
not mention that since Germany adopted the policy of unrestricted
submarine warfare, the safety of American ships was threatened. Thus, the
U.S. declared war on Germany.
(2) Source B mentions that the U.S. entry into the War worried the Germans.
Since the U.S. had remained neutral after the outbreak of the First World
War, it could provide financial and military support to the Allied Powers,
which would then have a bigger chance to win in the War. Therefore, the
German High Command launched several major attacks on France in the
spring of 1918 in order to defeat the Allied Powers and end the War before
the U.S. army arrived at the European battlefields.
(3) No, the attacks launched by Germany failed. Besides, since Germany
could not resist the counter-attacks of the Allied Powers, it eventually
surrendered in November 1918.
15. (1) The reasons for Germany’s defeat include failing morale of the German
soldiers and German people, losses of battles and unwillingness of the new
revolutionary government to continue fighting.
(2) Theories 1 and 3 are consistent with each other because both suggest the
failing morale of the German soldiers. Theories 2 and 3 are consistent in
that both suggest the unwillingness of the new German government to
continue fighting. However, theory 2 also contradicts theory 3 because the
former claims that the German armed forces had not been defeated, while
the latter admits Germany’s losses of battles.
(3) We should first check the facts in history books and see which point of
view is more accurate. If there are many different views, we should then
adopt the view of most scholars.

(4) Free answer.

Suggested answer: Theory 3 seems to be most credible because Germany
did face the problems mentioned in the theory and those problems played
an essential part in determining the result of the war.
16. (1) Triple Alliance: Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy

Triple Entente: Britain, France and Russia
Geographical features: The Triple Alliance was in the central part of
Europe, while the Triple Entente was on the eastern and western sides of
the Triple Alliance.
(2) Germany and Austria-Hungary suffered territorial losses because they
were defeated in the First World War. Italy, though originally a member of
the Triple Alliance, fought with the Triple Entente during the War. Thus, it
became a victorious power and gained some land. Russia, though a
member of the Triple Entente, withdrew from the War in 1917. Thus, it
suffered territorial losses as well.
(3) To maintain peace in Europe and to reward the victorious powers and
punish the defeated ones, changes were made to the map of Europe. This
included the creation of many new nation-states, such as Czechoslovakia
and Poland.
(4) No. Although the European powers rewarded the victorious countries and
punished the defeated ones, they failed to keep peace in Europe. The
newly created nation-states were too weak to maintain the balance of
power in Europe. Besides, the harsh treatment of Germany led to
German’s resentment. As a result, Germany embarked on foreign
expansion in twenty years’ time to restore national glory. In the end, war
broke out again.
17. (1) Source A is related to the Paris Peace Conference. Clues (any two): The
Paris Peace Conference was held during January-June 1919, and source A
was published in December 1919. / All the people in the house were
representatives of the victorious powers of the First World War, and only
the victorious powers were invited to attend the Paris Peace Conference. /
People were carving the ‘Peace Pudding’ in the house. This shows that the
victorious powers were enjoying peace after the War.
(2) Austria-Hungary, Germany, Bulgaria and Turkey were defeated nations of
the First World War. They were not invited to attend the Paris Peace
Conference, and they had no say in the conference. Therefore, they were

not allowed to enter the house and enjoy the peace pudding.
(3) The U.S. did not gain much in the Paris Peace Conference. Besides, the
U.S. suggested to treat Germany in a mild way, but its proposal was not
accepted by other great powers that suffered great losses in the War. Thus,
the representative of the U.S. was depicted as semi-transparent in order to
show that the U.S. did not play an important role in the conference.
(4) The cartoonist thought that the Paris Peace Conference was unfair. In the
cartoon, the victorious powers were inside the house, while the defeated
nations were not allowed to enter the house. This shows that the defeated
nations were not invited to join the Paris Peace Conference. Beside, the
defeated nations were crying outside the house. This reflects that they were
treated unfairly in the conference, but they could not resist.
18. (1) They all refer to the Treaty of Versailles because Hitler pointed out in
source A that the treaty was a harsh one, and the other sources were all
published in 1919.
(2) Hitler resented the treaty and wanted revenge. Lloyd George thought that
the treaty should be made on the basis of righteousness. Clemenceau
implied that the treaty should compensate France for its losses. Wilson
thought that the treaty, instead of bringing peace, would only lead to
another world war.
(3) Since the terms of the Treaty of Versailles were very harsh (e.g. Germany
should be solely responsible for the war), the treaty aroused a sense of
revenge among the Germans. It thus contributed to the rise of Hitler in
Germany and the final outbreak of the Second World War.
(4) Free answer.
19. (1) The cartoonist of source A thought that the Treaty of Versailles was very
harsh. The man, whose clothes were removed and hands are tied,
represents Germany. He was punished by the three men, representing
Britain, France and the U.S. This shows that Germany was forced to sign
the Treaty of Versailles. Besides, the man was sent to the guillotine. This
shows that the punishment on Germany was cruel and harsh.
(2) As reflected in source B, the German people regarded the Treaty of
Versailles as a shame to Germany. When the time was ripe, Germany
would seek vengeance.
(3) They were very frightened to see that the teeth of the man representing
Germany had been removed and his mouth was wrapped by ‘peace treaty

terms’. Having seen how Germany had suffered in the treaty, they knew it
was now their turn. Like Germany, they would lose all they had. Thus,
they were frightened and worried.
(4) Yes. Since the terms of the Treaty of Versailles were very harsh and the
Germans thought that they were treated unfairly, they resented the treaty
and determined to take revenge by starting another war. Other defeated
nations also thought that the treaty was harsh. They were worried and
discontented. Thus, the Treaty of Versailles did not bring peace to Europe.
On the contrary, it paved the way for another war. (Suggested answer only)
20. (1) The employment rate of women increased significantly from 1914 to 1918.
It decreased from 1918 to 1920, but was still higher than that of 1914.
(2) When the First World War broke out in 1914, many men were sent to fight
at the front. Therefore, women took up men’s jobs and their employment
rate rose. After the war, since most men returned to their work, the
employment rate of women declined.
(3) Women were given the right to vote. Before the First World War, although
some women went out to work, their status in society was relatively low.
After the war, however, women could vote and participate in politics. This
marked the rise of women’s status.
(4) Free answer.

Questions: World History Express 3

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World History Express 3 Topic One International conflicts and

Question Bank (Revised Edition) threats to peace in the 20th century

4. Extreme nationalism demanded that people should be absolutely loyal to the

6. Pan-Germanism called for expansion in Europe under the leadership of the

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11. The alliance system was offensive [攻擊性] in nature. ( )

16. The Balkans was a group of small states in Northern Europe. ( )

17. In 1908, Russia annexed Bosnia and Herzegovina. ( )

18. Bulgaria was defeated in the Second Balkan War. ( )

24. In August 1914, Germany invaded France through Holland. ( )

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33. In November 1917, Russia became a democratic country. ( )

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(2) Matching: Match the following columns together.

1. Clemenceau ‧ ‧ Kaiser of Germany

2. Italy ‧ ‧ This country started the alliance system.

3. 1882 ‧ ‧ The Sarajevo Incident took place.

4. 1905 ‧ ‧ The Bosnian Crisis took place.

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5. 1914 ‧ ‧ Italy joined the Allied Powers.

6. Germany attacked American ‧ ‧ Serbia decided to take revenge on

7. Germany was afraid of a two- ‧ ‧ Bismarck started the alliance

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8. Central Powers of the First World War ‧ ‧ Germany

9. Victorious powers of the First World War ‧ ‧ France

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(3) Time Sense: Arrange the following in chronological order.

3. (a) Archduke Ferdinand was assassinated; (b) Morocco became a French

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held; (c) The German Empire collapsed

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5. Which country started the alliance system after 1870?

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7. When was the Triple Alliance formed?

8. When was the Triple Entente formed?

9. Which of the following were members of the Triple Entente?

10. Which countries were members of the Triple Alliance?

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15. The Balkans was situated in:

17. Which areas did Austria-Hungary annex in 1908?

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21. Archduke Ferdinand and his wife were killed by a ___________.

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A. (1), (2) B. (1), (3), (4)

25. What was the immediate result of the Sarajevo Incident?

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32. The fighting on the Eastern Front ended when ____________.

33. When was the Paris Peace Conference held?

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37. When was the League of Nations set up?

A. The United Nations

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2. In the early 20th century, _____________ and Germany competed fiercely in

5. The alliance system was suggested by _____________.

6. In 1882, Germany formed the _____________ with Italy and _____________. In

7. Under the influence of extreme nationalism, Russia planned to bring all

9. The members of the Triple Entente included Britain, _____________ and

12. In 1908, Austria annexed _____________ and _____________. This angered

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15. By August 1914, a local conflict between _____________ and _____________

6. In 1882, Germany formed the _ with Italy and _. In

12. In 1908, Austria annexed _ and _. This angered

15. By August 1914, a local conflict between _ and _