Questions: World History Express 3

World History Express 3 Topic Two
Question Bank (Revised Edition) Growth and development of Hong Kong in the 20th century
Questions
(1) Truth or Fraud: Put  for true statements and  for false statements.
1. Japan invaded Hong Kong immediately after it attacked the American naval base
at Pearl Harbour. ( )
2. After the fall of the Gin Drinkers Line, the Japanese troops occupied Kowloon
Peninsula. ( )
3. Japanese troops landed at Sheung Wan to invade Hong Kong Island. ( )
4. Japan had occupied Hong Kong for a period of eight years. ( )
5. When the Japanese attacked Hong Kong in December 1941, Sir Mark Young was
the governor of Hong Kong. ( )
6. When the Japanese took over Hong Kong, they first set up a military government
in the Peninsula Hotel. ( )
7. During the occupation period, the Japanese used the building of the Hongkong
and Shanghai Banking Corporation as their administrative headquarters. ( )
8. Isogai Rensuke was the first Japanese governor of Hong Kong. ( )
9. Since many people escaped from the mainland of China to Hong Kong, the
population of Hong Kong increased greatly during the Japanese occupation. ( )
10. The Japanese military notes, which had replaced the Hong Kong dollars, were
virtually worthless after 1945. ( )
11. During the Japanese occupation, Queen’s Road was renamed Showa-dori. ( )
12. During the Second World War, an Anti-Epidemic Bureau [防瘟疫局] was set up
in Hong Kong in response to the outbreak of cholera and its work was effective. (
)
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13. Some Hong Kong people organised guerilla activities during the Japanese
occupation. ( )
14. A civil government was restored immediately in Hong Kong after the Japanese
surrendered in August 1945. ( )
15. After Japan surrendered on 15 August 1945, Sir Cecil Harcourt became the
governor of Hong Kong. ( )
16. To rebuild the territory, the government introduced food rationing, fixed prices of
daily necessities and controlled the distribution and price of fuel during the early
post-war period. ( )
17. Shortly after the Second World War, the economy of Hong Kong revived, and the
entrepot trade flourished again. ( )
18. Hong Kong’s economy underwent two great changes after the Second World War:
It developed from an entrepot to an industrial centre, and then from an industrial
centre to an international financial centre. ( )
19. From the 1950s to the mid-1970s, both light and heavy industries developed
rapidly in Hong Kong. ( )
20. In the 1970s, most Hong Kong industrial products were exported overseas. ( )
21. The industrial development of Hong Kong was badly hit by the Chinese Civil
War. ( )
22. Many countries did not import Chinese goods during the Korean War. ( )
23. Since Hong Kong’s entrepot trade declined sharply after the outbreak of the
Korean War, Hong Kong began to develop its own industry. ( )
24. By the late 1980s, manufacturing industries were still the largest industry in Hong
Kong. ( )
25. In the 1980s, financial and tourist services became important to the Hong Kong
economy. ( )

26. In 2000, the capital investment in Hong Kong’s stock market ranked second in the
world. ( )
27. Hong Kong is centrally located in the Pacific region. Together with London and
New York, it forms an international financial market where 24-hour trading can be
carried out. ( )
28. There was a baby boom in Hong Kong after the Second World War. ( )
29. The first programme introduced by the government to solve the housing problem
was the building of low-cost housing estates. ( )
30. In the 1970s, the government introduced the Home Ownership Scheme. ( )
31. Twelve-year free and compulsory schooling was introduced in 1978. ( )
32. The Department of Social Welfare, which was later known as the Social Welfare
Office, was set up in 1948. ( )
33. After the Second World War, the government began to provide different kinds of
social services to the people of Hong Kong. ( )
34. In the 1950s, watching television was a popular entertainment among Hong Kong
people. ( )
35. The first television station in Hong Kong was the Hong Kong Television
Broadcasts Limited. ( )
36. Rediffusion (Hong Kong) was the first commercial radio station in Hong Kong. (
)
37. When Commercial Radio Hong Kong was set up in 1959, radio listeners were
charged. ( )
38. In the 1970s, most Cantonese movies were kungfu movies. ( )
39. Cantonese pops remained the mainstream throughout the second half of the 20th

century. ( )
40. In the 1960s and 1970s, many local comics reflected the social life of Hong Kong.
( )
41. During the early 20th century, some Chinese revolutionaries used Hong Kong as a
base for anti-Qing activities. ( )
42. The Guangdong-Hong Kong General Strike lasted two years. ( )
43. The Riots of 1967 broke out under the influence of the Cultural Revolution. ( )
44. The Hong Kong government used tanks to suppress the Riots of 1967. ( )
45. Whenever China was politically instable, many people escaped to Hong Kong
from the mainland of China. ( )
46. The mainland of China had provided Hong Kong with basic necessities and
foodstuffs since the late 1980s. ( )
47. When China adopted the Reform and Opening-up policy in 1978, the economy of
Hong Kong was badly affected. ( )
48. The mainland of China had began to supply Hong Kong with water since the
1960s. ( )
49. In 1984, China and Britain signed the Sino-British Joint Declaration. ( )
50. The ‘one country, two systems’ principle was confirmed in the Basic Law. ( )

(2) Matching: Match the following columns together.
1. Repatriation policy ‧ ‧ They were formed by the Chinese

elites.
Military notes ‧ ‧ The population of Hong Kong dropped
sharply.
Two Chinese Councils ‧ ‧ They became worthless after the
Japanese surrendered.
Food rationing ‧ ‧ It occurred after the atomic explosions
in Hiroshima and Nagasaki.
Surrender of Japan ‧ ‧ It was introduced in Hong Kong
because of food shortage.
2. Isogai Rensuke ‧ ‧ She formed the China Defence League in

Hong Kong.
Cecil Harcourt ‧ ‧ He set up a military government after the
Japanese surrendered.
Mark Young ‧ ‧ He graduated from the Hong Kong College
of Medicine.
Sun Yixian ‧ ‧ He returned as the governor of Hong Kong
after the Second World War.
Song Qingling ‧ ‧ He was the first Japanese governor of
Hong Kong.
3. Entrepot trade ‧ ‧ It was the major economic activity in Hong

Kong before the Second World War.
Toy industry ‧ ‧ Many mainland industrialists and workers
escaped to Hong Kong and brought with
them capital, skills and cheap labour.
Financial industry ‧ ‧ Hong Kong began to develop its own
industry.
Chinese Civil War ‧ ‧ It was one of the major industries in Hong
Kong in the 1980s.
Korean War ‧ ‧ It was one of the major industries in Hong
Kong in the 1960s.
4. Growth in manufacturing ‧ ‧ Together with London and New York,

industries Hong Kong forms an international

financial market where 24-hour trading

can be carried out.
China’s Reform and ‧ ‧ The government imposed few
Opening-up policy restrictions on foreign exchange and
business affairs.
Favourable geographical ‧ ‧ It led to an increase in trade, and the
location growth in trade led to the development
of banking and insurance services.
Good infrastructure ‧ ‧ Hong Kong had an efficient
transportation network and modern
communication facilities.
The non-intervention policy‧ ‧ Many mainland industrialists could
come to invest in Hong Kong.
5. Resettlement estates ‧ ‧ Under this scheme, middle- or low-

income families could buy flats at
lower prices.
Low-cost housing estates ‧ ‧ It provided low-interest loans to
families with middle income.
Home Ownership Scheme ‧ ‧ They were built for low-income
families from the 1960s onwards.
Home Purchase Loan ‧ ‧ It provided interest-free loans to help
Scheme people buy their own flats.
Sandwich Home Ownership ‧ ‧ They were built for the victims of
Scheme natural disasters.
6. Hong Kong Television ‧ ‧ The first free television station in

Broadcasts Limited Hong Kong
Rediffusion (Hong Kong) ‧ ‧ A radio station that provided free
radio broadcasting
Rediffusion Television (Hong ‧ ‧ The first commercial radio station
Kong) in Hong Kong
Commercial Radio Hong Kong ‧ ‧ The first pay television station in
Hong Kong
7. May 30th Incident ‧ ‧ It promoted the trade between Hong

Kong and the mainland.
1911 Revolution ‧ ‧ The Riots of 1967 broke out under its

influence.
Cultural Revolution ‧ ‧ It led to the outbreak of the
Guangdong-Hong Kong General
Strike.
War of Resistance ‧ ‧ Hong Kong people supported
Against Japan anti-Qing activities and contributed
much to it.
Reform and Opening-up ‧ ‧ Hong Kong became a centre of
policy anti-Japanese activities.
8. Water shortage in Hong ‧ ‧ The ‘one country, two systems’

Kong principle was confirmed.
The ‘one country, two ‧ ‧ It stated that the capitalist system
systems’ principle would remain unchanged for fifty
years.
Nine-year free and ‧ ‧ It was signed by China and Britain in
compulsory schooling 1984.
The Basic Law ‧ ‧ The situation improved when
Dongjiang water was supplied to Hong
Kong.
The Sino-British Joint ‧ ‧ All children aged between 6 and 15
Declaration had to attend school.
9. The 1950s ‧ ‧ Hone Kong grew from an entrepot to an industrial

centre.
The 1960s ‧ ‧ Hong Kong developed from an industrial centre
into an international financial centre.
The 1970s ‧ ‧ Hong Kong was in transition from a British
‘colony’ to a special administrative region of PRC.
The 1980s ‧ ‧ The government began to build low-cost housing
estates.
The 1990s ‧ ‧ Nine-year free and compulsory schooling was
introduced.

(3) Time Sense: Arrange the following in chronological order.
1. (a) Japanese occupation of the New Territories; (b) Japanese occupation of Hong
Kong Island; (c) Japanese occupation of Kowloon Peninsula
_________________________________________________________________
2. (a) The Japanese troops landed at Taikoo Dockyard; (b) The Gin Drinkers Line
fell; (c) The Japanese troops crossed the Shenzhen River
_________________________________________________________________
3. (a) Setting up of the military government at the Peninsula Hotel; (b) Setting up of
the administrative headquarters at the building of Hongkong and Shanghai
Banking Corporation; (c) End of the Japanese occupation
_________________________________________________________________
4. (a) Sir Mark Young returned as the governor of Hong Kong; (b) A military
administration under Sir Cecil Harcourt was set up; (c) People organised guerilla
activities against the Japanese
_________________________________________________________________
5. (a) Hong Kong became an entrepot; (b) Hong Kong became an international
financial centre; (c) Hong Kong became an industrial centre
_________________________________________________________________
6. (a) Introduction of the Sandwich Home Ownership Scheme; (b) Introduction of

the Home Ownership Scheme; (c) Building of low-cost housing estates
_________________________________________________________________
7. (a) The Shek Kip Mei fire; (b) Introduction of the Home Purchase Loan Scheme;
(c) Building of squatter huts along the hillsides
_________________________________________________________________
8. (a) Development of tertiary education; (b) Introduction of nine-year free and

compulsory education; (c) Building of government primary schools
_________________________________________________________________
9. (a) Establishment of the Social Welfare Office; (b) Formation of the Department
of Social Welfare; (c) Establishment of the Tung Wah Group of Hospitals

_________________________________________________________________
10. (a) Setting up of the Radio Television Hong Kong; (b) Setting up of the Hong
Kong Television Broadcasts Limited; (c) Setting up of the Rediffusion Television
(Hong Kong)
_________________________________________________________________
11. (a) Setting up of Rediffusion (Hong Kong); (b) Setting up of Commercial Radio
Hong Kong; (c) Setting up of the Radio Television Hong Kong
_________________________________________________________________
12. (a) English pops became the mainstream; (b) Mandarin pops became the
mainstream; (c) Cantonese pops became the mainstream
_________________________________________________________________
13. (a) Sun Yixian studying in Hong Kong; (b) Outbreak of the 1911 Revolution; (c)
Outbreak of the Guangdong-Hong Kong General Strike
_________________________________________________________________
14. (a) Outbreak of the Guangdong-Hong Kong General Strike; (b) Outbreak of the
1967 Riots; (c) Formation of the China Defence League
_________________________________________________________________
15. (a) A civil war broke out in China; (b) China began to provide Hong Kong with
basic necessities and foodstuffs; (c) Many Hong Kong companies invested in
business on the mainland of China
_________________________________________________________________
16. (a) The Sino-British Joint Declaration was signed; (b) Hong Kong became a
special administrative region of the People’s Republic of China; (c) The Basic
Law was proclaimed
_________________________________________________________________

(4) Multiple Choice: Choose the correct answers and put them in the boxes below.
1. Which of the following routes did the Japanese take when they occupied Hong
Kong in 1941?
2. When did Governor Young surrender to the Japanese troops?

A. 8 December 1941 B. 13 December 1941
C. 18 December 1941 D. 25 December 1941 □
3. How long did the Japanese rule Hong Kong?

A. Two years and eight months
B. Three years and six months
C. Three years and eight months
D. Four years and six months □
4. After the Japanese took over Hong Kong, they set up a military government in
the ___________.
A. Taikoo Dockyard
B. Peninsula Hotel
C. building of the Supreme Court
D. building of Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation □
5. The ‘Two Chinese Councils’ refer to ___________ and ___________.

(1) Chinese Legislative Council
(2) Chinese Representative Council
(3) Chinese Co-operative Council
(4) Chinese Executive Council
A. (1), (2) B. (1), (4)
C. (2), (3) D. (3), (4) □

6. What kinds of people were repatriated to the mainland of China during the
Japanese occupation?
(1) the unemployed
(2) students
(3) the homeless
(4) officials
A. (1), (2) B. (1), (3)
C. (2), (4) D. (3), (4) □
7. The population of Hong Kong was about __________ in mid 1945.

A. 1.6 million B. 1.2 million
C. 0.6 million D. 0.4 million □
8. Which of the following descriptions about the military banknotes issued during
the Japanese occupation of Hong Kong were correct?
(1) There was no limit on the number of banknotes printed.
(2) They were issued to raise money for the war.
(3) The exchange rate between the military yen and Hong Kong dollars was set
by the Japanese.
(4) They could not be used after the surrender of Japan in 1945.
A. (1), (2), (3) B. (1), (2), (4)
C. (2), (3), (4) D. (1), (2), (3), (4) □
9. Which of the following measures were taken by the Japanese to control over the
education of Hong Kong?
(1) The content of textbooks was rewritten in order to make it favourable to
Japan.
(2) The teaching of the Japanese language was made compulsory at school.
(3) The teaching of the Chinese language was forbidden.
(4) All 18-year-old students were sent to Japan to receive military training.
A. (1), (2) B. (1), (3)
C. (2), (4) D. (3), (4) □
10. Which of the following descriptions about the life in Hong Kong during the
Japanese occupation were correct?
(1) Many people suffered from malnutrition.
(2) Unemployed people were sent to their homeland in China.
(3) The value of Hong Kong dollar decreased, and inflation became serious.

(4) Since the roads and drains that were damaged by the War were not repaired,
the standard of hygiene was very poor.
A. (1), (2), (3) B. (1), (3), (4)
C. (2), (3), (4) D. (1), (2), (3), (4) □
11. Which of the following people had the lowest social status during the Japanese
occupation?
A. The Japanese B. The Chinese common people
C. The Chinese elites D. The westerners □
12. Who became the governor of Hong Kong when a civil government was restored
in 1946?
A. David Trench B. Mark Young
C. Cecil Harcourt D. Murray MacLehose □
13. What measures did the government take to rebuild Hong Kong in the post-WWII
period?
(1) It replaced the military yen with Hong Kong dollars.
(2) It controlled the distribution and prices of food.
(3) It rebuilt houses and schools.
(4) It provided public services.
A. (1), (2) B. (2), (3)
C. (1), (2), (3) D. (1), (2), (3), (4) □
14. Which of the following was Hong Kong’s major economic activity in the first
half of the 20th century?
A. Entrepot trade B. Light industry
C. Agriculture D. Heavy industry □
15. Which of the following industries developed rapidly in Hong Kong during the
second half of the 20th century?
(1) Toy industry
(2) Iron and steel industry
(3) Clothing industry
(4) Electronic industry
A. (1), (2) B. (1), (3)
C. (1), (2), (4) D. (1), (3), (4) □

16. Which of the following were the major industries of Hong Kong in the 1970s?
(1) Textile
(2) Clock and watch
(3) Electronic
(4) Information technology
A. (1), (2), (3) B. (1), (3), (4)
C. (2), (3), (4) D. (1), (2), (3), (4) □
17. What were the characteristics of Hong Kong’s industries in the 1950s?
(1) Labour-intensive
(2) Capital-intensive
(3) Mostly light industries
(4) Mostly heavy industries
A. (1), (3) B. (1), (4)
C. (2), (3) D. (2), (4) □
18. Which of the following were reasons for the development of industries in Hong
Kong in the 1950s?
(1) Many mainland Chinese people came to Hong Kong with capital, skills and
labour during the civil war period.
(2) The entrepot trade declined rapidly because the UN placed an embargo on
Chinese products during the Korean War.
(3) Hong Kong government took the initiative in developing industries.
(4) Hong Kong government built many infrastructures and communication
facilities to help the development of industries.
A. (1), (2) B. (1), (3), (4)
C. (2), (3), (4) D. (1), (2), (3), (4) □
19. What was the impact of the Korean War on Hong Kong?
A. The American troops bought a lot of military supplies from Hong Kong.
B. The entrepot trade in Hong Kong declined.
C. The warfare spread to Hong Kong.
D. The population of Hong Kong increased. □
20. Which of the following descriptions about the economic development of Hong
Kong in the 1980s was incorrect?
A. Financial markets were developed.
B. Heavy industries became important to the economy.

C. Banks and other financial institutions were set up.

D. The economic development became more diversified. □
21. Which of the following can reflect that Hong Kong had developed into an
international financial centre by the late 20th century?
A. Hong Kong had a good infrastructure.
B. Hong Kong is centrally located in the Pacific region.
C. Money can move in and out of Hong Kong freely.
D. The capital investment in Hong Kong’s stock market ranked ten in the
world in 2000. □
22. Which of the following statements fails to explain why foreign investors were
attracted to Hong Kong in the 1980s?
A. The government levied lower taxes than most other countries.
B. Hong Kong was under British rule.
C. Money can move in and out of Hong Kong freely.
D. Few restrictions were put on foreign exchange and business affairs. □
23. Which of the following was not a reason for Hong Kong to develop into an
international financial centre?
A. The government adopted a policy of non-intervention.
B. The industries of Hong Kong grew rapidly.
C. A lot of Chinese moved from the mainland to Hong Kong.
D. China adopted the Reform and Opening-up policy. □
24. What did the Hong Kong government do to improve life in Hong Kong after the
Second World War?
(1) It provided and maintained a good infrastructure.
(2) It built low-cost housing estates for low-income families.
(3) It provided a wide variety of popular culture.
(4) It introduced 9-year compulsory education.
A. (1), (2), (3) B. (1), (2), (4)
C. (1), (3), (4) D. (2), (3), (4) □
25. Why did the Hong Kong population increase rapidly in the 1950s and 1960s?
(1) Many mainland Chinese escaped from the Civil War in China.
(2) Many mainland Chinese industrialists and skilled workers escaped from the
Cultural Revolution in China.

(3) The stability of Hong Kong led to a baby boom.

(4) The government of Hong Kong introduced 9-year compulsory education.
A. (1), (2), (3) B. (1), (3), (4)
C. (2), (3), (4) D. (1), (2), (3), (4) □
26. After the ___________, the government began to provide cheap public housing
for the poor.
A. Guangdong-Hong Kong General Strike
B. Chinese Civil War
C. Riots of 1967
D. Shek Kip Mei fire □
27. A big fire broke out in the Shek Kip Mei squatter area in __________.
A. 1946 B. 1953
C. 1967 D. 1978 □
28. What did the government build for the low-income groups in the 1960s?
A. Private housing estates
B. Resettlement estates
C. Low-cost housing estates
D. Squatter areas □
29. The government introduced the Home Ownership Scheme in the __________.
A. 1960s B. 1970s
C. 1980s D. 1990s □
30. Which of the following policies did the government carry out to provide low-
interest loans to families with middle income?
A. The Home Ownership Scheme
B. The Home Purchase Loan Scheme
C. The Sandwich Home Ownership Scheme
D. The My Home Purchase Plan □
31. Which educational policy did the government introduce in the 1950s?
A. Tertiary education was developed.
B. Government primary schools were built.
C. Nine years of compulsory schooling was introduced.
D. Technical and prevocational schools were set up. □

32. Nine years of free and compulsory schooling was introduced in the __________.
A. 1950s B. 1960s
C. 1970s D. 1980s □
33. How many universities are there in Hong Kong nowadays?

A. Seven B. Eight
C. Nine D. Ten □
34. Which of the following educational policies did the government introduce after
the Second World War?
(1) Nine-year free and compulsory schooling was introduced.
(2) The Board of Education was set up.
(3) Tertiary education was developed.
(4) The first university was founded.
A. (1), (3) B. (2), (4)
C. (2), (3), (4) D. (1), (2), (3), (4) □
35. Which department was set up by the government to provide social services for
the people of Hong Kong?
A. Hong Kong Red Cross
B. The Department of Social Welfare
C. The Community Chest
D. Hong Kong Housing Authority □
36. Which of the following social services are provided by the Department of Social
Welfare?
(1) Cheap medical services
(2) Cash allowances for the elderly and the disabled
(3) Family services
(4) Low-cost public housing
A. (1), (3) B. (2), (3)
C. (1), (2), (3) D. (1), (2), (3), (4) □
37. Which of the following descriptions about the living standard of Hong Kong
people in the post-war period were correct?
(1) Most Hong Kong people’s quality of life was improved.
(2) The average income level of Hong Kong people rose.
(3) There was a lack of medical services for Hong Kong people.

(4) The educational level of Hong Kong people rose.

A. (1), (2), (3) B. (1), (2), (4)
C. (1), (3), (4) D. (2), (3), (4) □
38. Watching television became a free entertainment in the __________.

A. 1940s B. 1950s
C. 1960s D. 1970s □
39. Which of the following was the first pay television station in Hong Kong?
A. Rediffusion Television (Hong Kong)
B. Hong Kong Television Broadcasts Limited
C. Radio Television Hong Kong
D. Asia Television Limited □
40. Which of the following became the mainstream of Hong Kong’s pop songs in the
1950s?
A. Japanese pops B. English pops
C. Cantonese pops D. Mandarin pops □
41. Which of the following was a world famous kungfu movie star in the 1970s?
A. Donnie Yen [甄子丹] B. Jackie Chan
C. Bruce Lee D. Sammo Hung [洪金寶] □
42. Why did Cantonese pops become popular in the 1970s?

A. There were different types of Cantonese movies from the 1970s onwards.
B. As television became popular, the Cantonese theme songs of TV dramas
also became popular.
C. The government actively promoted the Cantonese pop songs.
D. China adopted the Reform and Opening-up policy. □
43. Which of the following descriptions about the newspapers in post-war Hong
Kong were correct?
(1) Newspapers became an important medium in Hong Kong.
(2) Most newspapers focused on local news only.
(3) Newspapers were the main source of news.
(4) Only a few people read the newspapers.
A. (1), (2) B. (1), (3)
C. (1), (2), (3) D. (1), (3), (4) □

44. Who set up a revolutionary organisation called Xingzhonghui that aimed to

overthrow the Qing government?
A. Kang Youwei B. Liang Qichao
C. Sun Yixian D. Yuan Shikai [袁世凱] □
45. Which of the following descriptions are related to the person in the picture
below?
(1) He used to be the principal of the University of Hong Kong.

(2) He studied in Hong Kong for 7 years.
(3) He established the headquarters of Xingzhonghui in Hong Kong.
(4) He freed Hong Kong from Japanese control in 1945.
A. (1), (2) B. (1), (3)
C. (2), (3) D. (3), (4) □
46. The Guangdong-Hong Kong General Strike occurred in the period marked
_________ on the timeline below.
(1) (2) (3) (4)
1921 1924 1927 1930 1933
A. (1) B. (2)
C. (3) D. (4) □
47. The Riots of 1967 in Hong Kong broke out under the influence of the
__________ in China.
A. Reform and Opening-up policy
B. Great Leap Forward [大躍進]
C. Cultural Revolution
D. Four Modernisations [四個現代化] □
48. Which of the following statements describe the economic relationship between

Hong Kong and the mainland of China?

(1) The mainland is a major market for Hong Kong products.
(2) The mainland supplies Hong Kong with basic necessities and foodstuffs.
(3) Hong Kong companies invest in businesses on the mainland.
(4) Mainland companies invest in businesses in Hong Kong.
A. (1), (2), (3) B. (1), (2), (4)
C. (1), (3), (4) D. (1), (2), (3), (4) □
49. Why is the mainland of China economically important to Hong Kong?

(1) It provides Hong Kong with materials, labour and capital.
(2) It is a major source and market of Hong Kong’s re-export.
(3) All Hong Kong economic policies are made and carried out in accordance
with the central government.
(4) A lot of Hong Kong companies invest in the mainland of China in order to
make huge profits from its large market.
A. (1), (2), (3) B. (1), (2), (4)
C. (2), (3), (4) D. (1), (2), (3), (4) □
50. China and Britain signed the Sino-British Joint Declaration in ___________.
A. 1980 B. 1984
C. 1989 D. 1993 □
51. Which of the following descriptions about the Sino-British Joint Declaration was
incorrect?
A. It was signed between China and Britain in 1984.
B. It stated that China would take over the sovereignty of Hong Kong from 1
July 1997.
C. It stated that the capitalist system and the lifestyle in Hong Kong would
remain unchanged for fifty years.
D. It stated that Hong Kong would become an independent state in 2046. □
52. Which of the following descriptions about the Basic Law were correct?
(1) It states the relationship between the central government and the HKSAR
(2) It ensures a high degree of autonomy in Hong Kong.
(3) It was drafted by Mrs. Margaret Thatcher [戴卓爾夫人] and Deng Xiaoping
[鄧小平] in 1984.
A. (1), (2) B. (1), (3)
C. (2), (3) D. (1), (2), (3) □

(5) Fill in the Blanks: Fill in the following blanks with the correct answers.
1. On 8 December 1941, the Japanese troops crossed the _____________ River.

They occupied the New Territories and Kowloon Peninsula in only
_____________ days.
2. On 25 December 1941, Governor _____________ surrendered to the Japanese

troops. Since then, Japan had occupied Hong Kong for a period of
_____________.
3. When the Japanese took over Hong Kong, they set up the military government in
the _____________ in Tsim Sha Tsui. Then, they took the building of Hongkong
and Shanghai Banking Corporation as the _____________. The first Japanese
governor of Hong Kong was _____________.
4. The Japanese occupation government asked the local elites to form the
_____________ and the _____________, which was commonly known as the
‘Two Chinese Councils’.
5. During the Japanese occupation, a policy of _____________ was carried out in

Hong Kong. All _____________ people who did not have a home or a job were
sent to the mainland of China.
6. Due to the insufficiency of food, a system of _____________ was introduced to

allocate basic necessities to the people.
7. To raise money for the war, the Japanese government issued _____________ to
replace the Hong Kong dollars.
8. During the Japanese occupation, the names of roads and buildings were renamed
in Japanese. For example, Queen’s Road became _____________ and Des Voeux
Road became _____________.
9. Since Hong Kong people suffered a great deal under Japanese rule, some of them
joined the _____________ army to help fight the Japanese. Other organised
_____________ activities.
10. In August 1945, Britain sent _____________ to Hong Kong to receive the

surrender of Japan and restore British control over the territory.
11. In the early 20th century, Hong Kong’s economy mainly relied on the income
from the _____________. In the 1950s, however, Hong Kong began to develop
into an _____________.
12. In the 1950s, many mainland Chinese _____________ and workers came to
Hong Kong and brought with them _____________, _____________ and
_____________. Meanwhile, the UN placed an _____________ on all Chinese
goods because of the Korean War. Since Hong Kong’s entrepot trade was badly
affected, Hong Kong began to develop its own industries.
13. Since Hong Kong was under British rule, it enjoyed the low tariffs of the
_____________. This helped Hong Kong develop its manufacturing industries.
14. Most of the local industries developed in the 1950s and 1960s were
‘_____________’ because a huge labour force gathered in Hong Kong at that
time.
15. In the 1980s, Hong Kong grew from an industrial centre into an _____________.
16. In 2000, the capital investment in Hong Kong’s stock market ranked
_____________ in the world and _____________ in Asia.
17. China adopted the _____________ policy in 1978. Many mainland industrialists
could then come to invest in Hong Kong.
18. Hong Kong is centrally located in the _____________ region. Together with
_____________ and _____________, it forms an international financial centre
where 24-hour trading can be carried out.
19. Following the expansion of the financial sector in Hong Kong, the government
provided and maintained a good infrastructure, such as an efficient transportation
network, an _____________, modern _____________ and _____________
facilities.
20. The government also adopted a policy of _____________. It allowed money to

move in and out of Hong Kong freely.

21. After the Second World War, the population of Hong Kong increased greatly.
This was mainly due to a high _____________ and a low _____________.
Besides, lots of people moved to Hong Kong from the _____________.
22. In the second half of the 20th century, the government played an active role in
social services. After the _____________ in 1953, the government built
_____________ for the victims.
23. In the 1960s, the government started to build _____________ for low-income
families.
24. To further solve the housing problem in Hong Kong, the government started the
following programmes from the 1970s onwards: In 1978, the government
introduced the _____________, under which middle- and low-income families
could buy flats at lower prices. In 1988, the government introduced the
_____________, which provided interest-free loans to help people buy their own
flats. In 1993, the government introduced the _____________, which provided
low-interest loans to families with middle income.
25. In the 1950s, many _____________ were built in order to expand primary
education.
26. In 1978, the government introduced _____________. All children aged below 15
must now go to school. Later, nine universities were set up to provide
_____________ for the people of Hong Kong.
27. In 1948, the government set up the _____________, which was later known as
the _____________, to provide different kinds of services for the people of Hong
Kong.
28. Those cultural activities and things that attract a large number of people are
called _____________. They include television, _____________,
_____________, pop songs, newspaper, magazines and comic books.
29. The television industry in Hong Kong developed in 1957, when _____________
- Hong Kong’s first pay television station - was set up. However, television did
not become popular until 1967, when the _____________ went into business and

provided free television entertainment. Since then, television has been one of the
most important media in Hong Kong.
30. In 1949, _____________ was set up, and it was the first commercial radio station
in Hong Kong. In 1959, _____________ was set up. As radio listeners were not
charged, listening to the radio become popular among Hong Kong people.
31. In the 1950s, a lot of people moved to Hong Kong from the mainland of China.
They brought with them many _____________ songs. In the 1970s, as television
became popular, the _____________ theme songs of TV dramas also became
popular.
32. To help organise revolutionary activities, Dr. Sun Yixian founded

_____________ in 1894 and established its headquarters in _____________.
33. During the War of Resistance Against Japan, many organisations for saving the
nation were formed in Hong Kong, such as the _____________ founded by
Madam Song Qingling.
34. In 1925, the _____________ took place in Shanghai. When the news spread to
Hong Kong, workers organised a strike to show their discontent with the British
government. It then developed into the _____________.
35. The Riots of 1967 began with an _____________. However, under the influence
of the _____________ in China, local leftists soon turned their anger to the
British government.
36. During the Riots of 1967, violence was common. Even _____________ were
used.
37. The mainland had always been a source of materials to Hong Kong. For
example, it had provided Hong Kong with basic _____________ and
_____________ since 1962.
38. The situation of _____________ improved when the mainland of China began to
supply Hong Kong with water. The supply of _____________ water had helped
Hong Kong maintain an adequate water supply since the 1960s.

39. In December 1984, China and Britain signed the _____________. It stated that
China would resume the exercise of _____________ over Hong Kong from 1
July 1997.
40. Under the Basic Law, the principle of ‘_____________’ is adopted. The
_____________ system and the _____________ in Hong Kong would remain
unchanged for fifty years.

(6) Sorting: Distinguish the odd item from each question and write it on the line
provided.
1. Lugouqiao Incident; Fall of the Gin Drinkers Line; Landing at Taikoo Dockyard
_________________________________________________________________
2. Peninsula Hotel; Supreme Court Building; Hongkong and Shanghai Banking

Corporation Building
_________________________________________________________________
3. Chinese Representative Council; Heung Yee Kuk; Chinese Co-operative Council

_________________________________________________________________
4. Forced repatriation; Food rationing; Curfew

_________________________________________________________________
5. Use of Japanese yen; Learning of Japanese language; Introduction of Japanese

customs
_________________________________________________________________
6. Textile industry; Shipbuilding industry; Plastic industry

_________________________________________________________________
7. Low tariffs of the British Commonwealth; Korean War; Reform and Opening-up
in China
_________________________________________________________________
8. Textile industry; Tourism industry; Financial industry

_________________________________________________________________
9. Non-intervention policy; Reform and Opening-up policy; An influx of Chinese

from the mainland
_________________________________________________________________
10. Resettlement estates; Squatter areas; Public housing estates

_________________________________________________________________
11. Home Ownership Scheme; Sandwich Home Ownership Scheme; Comprehensive

Social Security Assistance Scheme [綜合社會保障援助計劃]

_________________________________________________________________
12. Introduction of twelve-year free and compulsory schooling; Building of

government primary schools; Development of tertiary education
_________________________________________________________________
13. Rediffusion Television (Hong Kong); Rediffusion (Hong Kong); Hong Kong
Television Broadcasts Limited
_________________________________________________________________
14. Hong Kong Television Broadcasts Limited; Commercial Radio Hong Kong;
Rediffusion (Hong Kong)
_________________________________________________________________
15. Korean pops; Mandarin pops; English pops

_________________________________________________________________
16. Organising anti-Qing activities; Supporting anti-Japanese activities during the

Second World War; Supplying water to the mainland of China
_________________________________________________________________
17. Constitution of the People’s Republic of China; Sino-British Joint Declaration;

Basic Law
_________________________________________________________________

(7) Vocabulary: Define the following historical terms with simple words.
1. Manufacturing industries
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
2. Two Chinese Councils

_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
3. Repatriation policy
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
4. Food rationing
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
5. Military notes
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
6. Infrastructure
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
7. Home Ownership Scheme

_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
8. Home Purchase Loan Scheme

_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
9. Sandwich Home Ownership Scheme

_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________

10. Social Welfare Office

_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
11. Popular culture

_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
12. Hong Kong Television Broadcasts Limited

_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
13. May 30th Incident

_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
14. Guangdong-Hong Kong General Strike

_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
15. Riots of 1967

_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
16. ‘One country, two systems’ principle

_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________

(8) Short Questions: Give short answers to the following questions.
1. What did the ‘Two Chinese Councils’ do during the Japanese occupation?
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
2. What was the impact of the repatriation policy on Hong Kong?

_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
3. Why did the Japanese introduce the system of food rationing?

_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
4. What was the impact of food rationing on Hong Kong?

_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
5. Why did the military notes become worthless once the Japanese surrendered and
left Hong Kong?
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
6. What change did Hong Kong’s economy undergo between the 1950s and 1970s?
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
7. How did the Chinese Civil War affect the development of industries in Hong
Kong?
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
8. What change did Hong Kong’s economy undergo in the 1980s?

_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
9. How did the Reform and Opening-up policy affect the economic development of
Hong Kong in the 1980s?

_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
10. Why did the population of Hong Kong grow rapidly after the Second World
War?
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
11. How did the 1953 Shek Kip Mai fire affect the housing policy of Hong Kong?
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
12. Describe the development of social welfare in Hong Kong before and after the
Second World War.
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
13. What measures did the government introduce to develop primary education in
Hong Kong from 1950 onwards?
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
14. Why did both the Mandarin pops and the Cantonese pops become the
mainstream in the 1980s?
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
15. How did Hong Kong people help the mainland of China during the War of
Resistance Against Japan?
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
16. Why did the Guangdong-Hong Kong General Strike break out in 1925?
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
17. What impacts did the Reform and Opening-up in China make on the economic
development of Hong Kong?

_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
18. Briefly introduce the content of the Sino-British Joint Declaration that was
signed between China and Britain in 1984.
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________

(9) Long Questions: Give detailed answers to the following questions.
1. Briefly describe the course of Japanese occupation of Hong Kong.

_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
2. ‘Hong Kong people led a hard life during the Japanese occupation.’ Explain how
hard it was in the social, economic and hygienic aspects.
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
3. Identify the anti-Japanese activities of Hong Kong people during the occupation
period.
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
4. Give two reasons why Hong Kong developed into an industrial centre after the
Second World War.
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
5. ‘Internal factors helped Hong Kong develop into a financial centre in the 1980s.’
Give three examples to support this viewpoint.
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
6. Briefly introduce the educational policies carried out by the Hong Kong
government after the Second World War.

_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
7. Briefly introduce the medical and social services provided by the Hong Kong
government after the Second World War.
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
8. What is ‘popular culture’? What are the characteristics of the popular culture in
Hong Kong?
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
9. Briefly describe the development of the movie industry in Hong Kong during the
1950s-1990s.
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
10. What role did Hong Kong play in the 1911 Revolution?
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
11. What can you conclude from the Guangdong-Hong Kong General Strike and the
Riots of 1967?
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________

12. Describe the economic ties between the mainland of China and Hong Kong.
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
13. Describe the social ties between the mainland of China and Hong Kong.
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________

(10) Data-Based Questions: Study the sources provided and answer the following
questions.
1. Study the sources below and answer the following questions.
Source A
The following is about the preparation for the defence of Hong Kong before the
Japanese invasion.
The Gin Drinkers Line was a British military defensive line against the
Japanese invasion of Hong Kong. The Line made use of the mountains north of
the Kowloon Peninsula and was strategically important in preventing any
southward invasion from the New Territories. The concept came from France’s
Maginot Line that was built against Germany’s invasion. The British believed
the line could protect Hong Kong from Japanese invasion for at least six months
and even called it the ‘Oriental Maginot Line’ [東方馬奇諾防線].
Source B
The picture below shows the Japanese troops marching on Hong Kong Island on
26 December.
(1) According to source A, how did the British troops prepare themselves
against the Japanese invasion?
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________

(2) Were the British troops confident about the defence of Hong Kong, as
reflected in source A? Explain your answer.
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
(3) ‘The British troops were too confident about the defence of Hong Kong.’
Support this viewpoint with reference to source B, and using your own
knowledge.
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________

Source A
A rice ration card during the Japanese occupation of Hong Kong
Source B
A comparison of the Hong Kong population before and after the Japanese
occupation
in million
(1) As reflected in source A, what system did the Japanese carry out? Why
did they introduce this system? What was it about?
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
(2) Source B shows a sharp decrease in the population of Hong Kong during
the Japanese occupation. Which policy introduced by the Japanese
brought about such a decrease?

__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
(3) Explain why the Japanese introduced the policy in Q2 with reference to
sources A and B.
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
(4) Using your own knowledge, discuss other two policies carried out by the
Japanese in Hong Kong.
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________

Source A
The passage below is adapted from the imperial order that was issued by Isogai
Rensuke in 1942 and was put in front of the Hongkong and Shanghai Banking
Corporation.
Hong Kong was occupied by Britain. ...Now it is occupied by our brave
Imperial Army, and becomes the imperial territory of Japan. ...The ultimate
objective of the Greater East Asia War is to ensure the stability of East Asia, and
then contribute to world peace and prosperity of the whole world. ...Hong Kong
is under military rule. Hong Kong people should co-operate with the Japanese
to complete the Greater East Asia War in order to get rid of the old state of
Hong Kong.
Source B
The diagram below shows the structure of district administration during the
Japanese occupation of Hong Kong.
Hong Kong
The three regions were

Hong Kong New directly controlled by the
Island Kowloon Territories Japanese.
There were a total of 28

districts. Each district was
headed by a Chinese who
12 districts 9 districts 7 districts
was responsible for
handling district affairs.

Source C
The picture below shows the military notes issued during the Japanese
occupation of Hong Kong.
(1) What advantages did Isogai Rensuke think the Greater East Asia War
would bring to the Asian countries? Explain your answer with reference
to source A.
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
(2) What powers did the Chinese have under the administrative structure
during the Japanese occupation? Do you think they held great power?
Explain your answer with reference to source B.
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
(3) Why did the Japanese allow the Chinese to take part in politics? Explain
your answer with reference to source A, and using your own knowledge.
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
(4) Do you agree with Isogai Rensuke’s view on the Great East Asian War
that you have mentioned in Q1? Explain your answer with reference to
sources A and B, and the situation of Hong Kong under Japanese
occupation.
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________

Source A
The picture below shows the Hong Kong-Kowloon Brigade of the Guangdong
People’s Anti-Japanese Guerilla Force [廣東人民抗日游擊總隊港九大隊]
attacking the Japanese troops from the trench.
Source B
The passage below is about the anti-Japanese activities organised by the Hong
Kong-Kowloon Brigade, which was under the command of the East River
Column [東江縱隊].
Collecting military intelligence was one of the major tasks of the East River
Column. They set up an underground communication system at the Day Night
Café [ 不夜天咖啡室 ] in Sai Kung Market [ 西貢墟 ] and carried out anti-
Japanese activities secretly.
Besides, another work of the East River Column was to rescue Allied prisoners
of war and international friends. According to incomplete statistics, the East
River Column had rescued as many as eighty people. The following was a
famous example: When Lieutenant Kerr of the American Flying Tigers [美國飛
虎隊] was taking command of the bombing of the Kai Tak Airport, his fighter
was shot by the Japanese. He jumped from the fighter with a parachute and
landed at Kwun Yam Shan [觀音山]. Then, he was rescued by a member of the
East River Column.
(1) Identify the work of the Hong Kong-Kowloon Brigade during the War of
Resistance Against Japan with reference to source A.
__________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________
(2) Identify the work of the Hong Kong-Kowloon Brigade during the War of
Resistance Against Japan with reference to source B.
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
(3) What contributions did Hong Kong people make in the War of
Resistance Against Japan? Explain your answer with reference to sources
A and B, and using your own knowledge.
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________

5. Study the source below and answer the following questions.
Source A
The following is adapted from the memoirs of a Hong Kong citizen.
It took the Japanese only six days to occupy this place. All British troops
stationed in Hong Kong retreated to Hong Kong Island... That day, all of us
should have celebrated. However, it turned out to be the beginning of Hong
Kong’s darkest period in history – the so-called ‘three years and eight
months’.
...The Hong Kong-Kowloon Brigade of the Guangdong People’s Anti-
Japanese Guerilla Force [ 廣東人民抗日游擊總隊港九大隊 ] wiped out
bandits [ 土匪 ] in the New Territories... An American pilot who came to
liberate Hong Kong was in danger. Fortunately, he was rescued by a young
guerilla of the Hong Kong-Kowloon Brigade... The Brigade shot dead the
puppet District Head [偽區長], Wan Yi [溫二], and the Translation Officer of
the Tai Po military police, Lam Lo-Fu [林老虎]. A number of Japanese sentry
posts [哨所] were also attacked...
...The darkest days were finally over. On 30 August, I watched the British
Pacific Fleet [英國太平洋艦隊] entering Hong Kong. My eyes were suddenly
filled with tears...
(1) What did ‘this place’ (line 1), ‘that day’ (line 2) and ‘three years and eight
months’ (line 4) in source A refer to respectively?
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
(2) With reference to the second paragraph, sum up the contributions of the
Hong Kong-Kowloon Brigade.
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
(3) Why do you think the author of the memoirs cried when he watched the
British Pacific Fleet entering Hong Kong?
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________

Source A
The passage below is about the reasons for the industrial takeoff in Hong Kong
after the Second World War.
The characteristics of geopolitics [地緣政治], an influx of labour and the need
for survival were all favourable factors to the industrial development. The
government simply had to provide a free environment for it. The industrial take-
off of Hong Kong was like a miracle on the surface. In fact, it was the result of
different factors.
Source B
Below are some organisations that were formed in the 1960s with the assistance
of the Hong Kong government.
Name: Federation of Hong Kong Industries
Year of establishment: 1960
Objective: To promote trade, investment,
technological advancement, manpower
development and business opportunities in
Hong Kong
Name: Hong Kong Productivity Council

Year of Establishment: 1967
Objective: To provide a multitude of services in technology transfer,
consultancy, training and other support services in order to help industry move
up the value chain.
Name: Hong Kong Trade Development Council

Year of Establishment: 1966
Objectives: To create and facilitate opportunities in
international trade for Hong Kong companies,
especially small and medium enterprises (SMEs),
and to promote a positive image of Hong Kong.

(1) What did ‘an influx of labour’ (source A) refer to? Explain your answer.
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
(2) Did the author of source A think that the government played an
important role in the industrial development of Hong Kong? Explain
your answer.
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
(3) What is the similarity among the objectives of the three organisations in
source B? Explain your answer.
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
(4) ‘Both internal and external factors were important to the industrial
development of Hong Kong.’ Support this viewpoint with reference to
sources A and B, and using your own knowledge.
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________

Source A
The following table shows the population, the number of workers in
manufacturing industries and the number of enterprises in Hong Kong between
1950 and 1960.
Number of workers in Number of
Year Population
manufacturing industries enterprises
1950 2,237,000 81,718 1,478
1951 2,015,300 86,136 1,720
1952 2,125,000 85,322 1,902
1953 2,242,000 92,178 2,038
1954 2,364,900 98,196 2,201
1955 2,490,400 110,574 2,437
1956 2,614,600 128,818 2,944
1957 2,736,000 137,783 3,080
1958 2,854,100 156,556 3,524
1959 2, 967,400 177,271 4,541
1960 3,075,300 215,854 4,784
Source B
The picture below shows the inside of a clothing factory in the 1960s. From the
1950s, the textile and clothing industries became the backbone of Hong Kong’s
industry.

Source C
The picture below shows some factory buildings. In the 1960s, many factory
buildings were constructed on the newly reclaimed land in Kwun Tong.
(1) According to source A, the number of workers engaged in manufacturing

industries and the number of enterprises kept increasing in the 1950s.
Why was this the case?
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
(2) Describe the characteristics of Hong Kong’s industries in the 1950s and
1960s with reference to source B.
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
(3) Source C shows a factory building built in the 1960s. Why were many
factory buildings constructed at that time?
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
(4) Besides the textile and clothing industries, what other industries could be
found in Hong Kong?
__________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________

Source A
The following is about the textile industry in Hong Kong.
The Rapid Growth of the Textile Industry
The textile industry played an important role in Hong Kong’s industrial
development. In 1950, there were only 500 factories engaged in spinning,
weaving and clothing. 25,000 workers were in the industry then. In the mid-
1950s, however, there began a significant growth in the cotton textile industry.
In 1960, 16,000 people worked in spinning factories, 24,600 in weaving
factories, and 42,000 in clothing factories in Hong Kong. The exportation of
clothing and textile products far exceeded that of other local industrial products
in value. In 1970, there were already 25,900 people engaged in the spinning
industry, 34,600 in the weaving industry, and 107,600 in the clothing industry...
This rapid growth of the textile industry can be explained not only by the
favourable trading conditions of Hong Kong, but also by many other factors.
For example, there was a lack of industrial goods in the post-war international
market. Since Western industrialised countries were recovering from the Second
World War, they paid little attention to the Southeast Asian market. Besides,
there was a large market demand. In addition, Hong Kong enjoyed customs
privileges in the Commonwealth. The low interest rates of banks and social
stability also encouraged the rapid growth of Hong Kong’s textile industry.
Source B
The following is about the textiles of Hong Kong subject to Western quota.
In the mid-1970s, under pressure from Western countries, Hong Kong agreed to
comply with the Long Term Cotton Textile Agreement (CTA) [ 棉紡織品長期
協定] of the General Agreement on Trade and Tariffs (GATT) [關稅及貿易總
協定]. Textile products exported from Hong Kong to the United States and the
European Community were subject to quota. This restricted the growth of the
textile industry in Hong Kong, but this also encouraged the industry to move
towards product diversification and produce high-quality goods.
(1) Why did the number of workers engaged in Hong Kong’s textile and
clothing industries continue to increase between 1950 and 1970?
__________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________
(2) Explain why the textile industry in Hong Kong grew rapidly with
reference to source A.
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
(3) Why, according to source B, was the textile industry in Hong Kong
badly hit in the mid-1970s?
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
(4) How did Hong Kong industrialists deal with the difficult situation?
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________

Source A
The picture below shows the production at a factory in Hong Kong in the 1960s.
Source B
The passage below is about the population growth of Hong Kong after the
Second World War.
After the Second World War, the population Hong Kong greatly increased from
0.6 million in 1946 to 2.13 million in 1952. The steady supply of a large
number of labour kept the wages at a low level. This was beneficial to the
development of the textile industry that was a labour-intensive industry.
(1) What was the characteristic of Hong Kong industry in the 1960s, as
reflected in source A?
□ Labour-intensive □ Capital-intensive
□ Financial-oriented □ Technology-oriented
(2) Why did the Hong Kong industry have this characteristic? Explain your
answer with reference to source B.
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
(3) Did the Hong Kong industry still have this characteristic in the 1980s?
Explain your answer using your own knowledge.
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________

Source A
The passage below is about the view of Philip Haddon-Cave [夏鼎基], the then
Financial Secretary, on the ‘positive non-interventionism’ [積極不干預].
According to Haddon-Cave, it was normally futile and damaging to the growth
rate of an economy, particularly an open economy, for the government to
frustrate the operation of market forces. The role of the government should be
limited to providing good infrastructures and support services. These
infrastructures were vital to economic development, but the private sector was
not willing to provide them because no profit could be made. Therefore, they
could only be provided by the government. In addition, the government should
play a more active role in some economic areas, such as labour legislation.
Source B
The pictures below show the infrastructure developed by the government in the
second half of the 20th century.
Kwai Chung Container Terminals built in Opening of the MTR in 1979

the 1970s
Expansion of the Hong Kong Opening of the Hong Kong

Convention and Exhibition Centre International Airport in 1998

completed in 1997
(1) Did Haddon-Cave think that the government should intervene in the
market, as reflected in source A? Why?
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
(2) According to Haddon-Cave, what was the responsibility of the

government? Explain your answer with reference to source A.
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
(3) Under the non-intervention policy, what contributions did the

government make to the economic development of Hong Kong? Explain
your answer with reference to source B, and using your own knowledge.
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________

Source A
The picture below shows the Hong Kong Exchanges and Clearing Limited [香港
交易所]. As a financial centre, Hong Kong has a stock market where a greet deal
of transactions take place and capital can be easily assembled.
Source B
The picture below shows the Kwai Chung Container Terminals in the 1980s.
(1) What is the favourable condition shown in source A that has helped
Hong Kong develop into an international financial centre?
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
(2) What are the other factors that have contributed to Hong Kong’s

development into an international financial centre?

__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
(3) What kinds of businesses has Hong Kong’s status as an international

financial centre encouraged?
__________________________________________________________
(4) Refer to source B, what has the government done to cope with the
economic development of Hong Kong?
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________

12. Study the source below and answer the following questions.
Source A
The following are extracts from Keung’s diary.
China, mid-1949
Now the political situation is very unstable. The war is still going on. I cannot
farm! How am I supposed to earn my livelihood? I have decided to move to
Hong Kong and start all over again.
Hong Kong, 1950

There are so many people coming to Hong Kong like me! I am now in Hong
Kong, but I don’t even have a home. Here, land is scarce and population density
is high. I can only build a small house on a hillside and live there.
Shek Kip Mei, 1953

I am in such bad luck! My home has been destroyed. What should I do now?
Which government department can I ask for help? Who can help me?
Hong Kong, 1978

After so many years of hard work, I have finally saved enough money to buy a
flat of my own.
(1) In 1950, Keung wrote in his diary: ‘I can only build a small house on a
hillside and live there.’ What kind of housing do you think Keung was
living in?
__________________________________________________________
(2) In the early 1950s, the kind of housing you have mentioned in Q1 could
be seen everywhere in Hong Kong. Why was it so?
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
(3) Why was Keung’s home destroyed in 1953? What measure did the
government take to help the people who had lost their home in this
incident?
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________
(4) What programme did Keung join in 1978 that helped him buy his own
flat?
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________

Source A
The picture below shows a newspaper published in December 1953. The
headline reads: ‘A big fire in Pak Tin Village, Shek Kip Mei, destroyed ten
thousand houses and made one hundred thousand people homeless’.
Source B
The picture below shows some blocks of buildings built by the government in
the 1960s.
(1) Identify the event referred to in source A. Cite one clue from the source
to support your answer.
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
(2) Which type of housing is shown in source B? Cite one clue from the

source to support your answer.

__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
(3) How did the event in source A lead to the building of the type of housing
in source B? Explain your answer.
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
(4) Did the type of housing in source B completely solve the housing
problem in Hong Kong? Explain your answer using your own
knowledge.
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________

Source A
The picture below shows a school in Hong Kong in the 1960s.
Source B
The passage below shows the policy of primary education implemented by the
government in the 1970s.
In 1970, Governor Trench announced the introduction of compulsory primary
education, starting from 1971. An Attendance Order [《入學令》] was issued
that stipulated the penalty for the parents who did not sent their children to
school.
Source C
The table below shows the number of primary school students between 1945 and
1971.
Number of primary
Year
school students
1945 1,000
1951 137,000
1956 214,000
1961 450,000
1966 637,000
1971 761,000
(1) Where did the students in source A have their lessons? Why did they
have lessons there?

__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
(2) Which educational policy is shown in source B? Explain your answer.

__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
(3) Identify the trend in the changing number of primary school students
between 1945 and 1971, as reflected in source C.
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
(4) Why did the trend above emerge? Explain your answer with reference to
sources A and B, and using your own knowledge.
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________

Source A
The graph below shows the gross domestic product (GDP) per capita of Hong
Kong between 1961 and 1996. GDP per capita is a criterion to measure the
economic development and the standard of living of the people in a region.
(US dollar)
28000
24000
20000
16000
12000
8000
4000
0
1961 1966 1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 (Year)
Source B
The graph below shows the life expectancy of Hong Kong people between 1961
and 1996
(Age)
100
Female
Male
80
60
40
20
0
1961 1966 1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 (Year)

Source C
The passage below shows the social welfare policy in Hong Kong in the 1980s.
At that time, the British Government claimed that the welfare policy of Hong
Kong aimed at providing adequate social services to the people of Hong Kong
in order that citizens, regardless of their race and wealth, might enjoy the social
services. This would help to remedy, mitigate or prevent various social
problems and to improve the quality of life of individuals, groups and the
community.
(1) Identify the trend in the changing GDP per capita of Hong Kong between
1961 and 1996, as reflected in source A.
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
(2) Identify the trend in the changing life expectancy of Hong Kong people
between 1961 and 1996, as reflected in source B.
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
(3) Why, according to source C, did the government begin to provide social
services from the second half of the 20th century?
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
(4) Which factors led to the emergence of the trends mentioned in Q1 and
Q2? Explain your answer with reference to source C, and using your
own knowledge.
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________

Source A
The passage below is about the TV dramas in Hong Kong in the 1970s.
Both TV dramas of Rediffusion Television (Hong
Kong) (e.g. Chameleon [《變色龍》], Crocodile Tear
[ 鱷魚淚》]) and those of TVB (e.g. Hotel 《
《 [ 狂潮》],
A House Is Not A Home [《家變》], Vanity Fair [《大
亨》], The Giant [ 《強人》]) were all long stories
about family relationship. Most of them described the
rise and fall of a big family and how an ambitious
person became rich and powerful. ... These TV
dramas could attract about three million audience
who watched them every day. They were popular
because following the rapid economic development
of Hong Kong, people experienced indifferent
interpersonal relations and the disintegration of
traditional family relationship. Therefore, TV dramas
of such themes aroused sympathy among the
audience.
Source B
The following table shows the content of some stories of Below the Lion Rock
[《獅子山下》], a TV drama serial produced by the Radio Television Hong Kong.
Name of Story Description
Ode of Dreams [《元洲 It revealed the poor living conditions and pressure of
仔之歌》] the fishermen living in Yuen Chau Tsai [元洲仔].
Bridge [《橋》] It criticised the bureaucracy of the government
departments and their ignorance of public opinions.
The Move [《喬遷》] It showed the life of people in the resettlement estates
where the living conditions were very poor.
Grandmother’s Wish It revealed the plight of five thousand fishermen
[《祖母的訴求》] living on boats in the Aldrich Bay [愛秩序灣].
Sunrise, Sunset [《日出 It described the life of people living in the squatter
日落》] areas.

(1) What was the major theme of the TV dramas in Hong Kong in the 1970s,
as reflected in source A?
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
(2) Why was the theme above popular? Explain your answer with reference
to source A.
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
(3) Sum up the themes of the TV drama Below the Lion Rock with reference
to source B. Cite evidence from the source to support your answer.
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
(4) ‘The TV dramas not only reflect the social life, but also show the change
of times.’ Support this point of view with reference to sources A and B.
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________

Source A
The following is the lyrics of a pop song.
Queen’s Road East (1990)
There is a noble friend on the back of a coin.
She has an eternal name called the queen,
And she accompanies me when trading.
Although she has no facial expression, she represents achievements.
My friend has left this city after saying goodbye.
We have to rely on the great comrade to make something new.
People continue to sell and buy their flats,
But Mongkok may have to change its name.
Source B
The passage below shows the features of Hong Kong’s movies.
‘Mo lei tau’ [ 無厘頭 ] is a Cantonese term which is
generally used to mean ‘making no sense’. It was a
kind of popular sub-culture in Hong Kong during the
1990s, and it has become synonymous with the
comedy of Stephen Chow [周星馳]. ...The transfer of
sovereignty in 1997 and the June 4th Incident of 1989
made people worried about the future of Hong
Kong. ...This rise of ‘mo lei tau’ culture reflected the
negative and pessimistic attitude of Hong Kong
people at that time. People would rather indulge in
entertainment and consumption.
(1) Identify the two countries represented by the ‘queen’ and the ‘comrade’
in source A.
__________________________________________________________
(2) The pop song in source A reflected a phenomenon in Hong Kong in the
1990s. What was it? Why did it emerge? Explain your answer.
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________
(3) According to source B, why did the ‘mo lei tau’ culture rise in Hong
Kong’s movies in the 1990s?
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
(4) ‘Popular culture often reflects the social phenomenon.’ Support this
viewpoint with reference to sources A and B, and using your own
knowledge.
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________

Source A
The passage below is about the Guangdong-Hong Kong General Strike.
In 1925, over 2,000 students held a demonstration in Shanghai. The British
soldiers fired upon the demonstrators, causing several dozen casualties. This
was the May 30th Incident. It soon developed into an anti-imperialist
movement. To support the movement and protest against the imperialist act of
killing Chinese people, Hong Kong workers went on strike on 19 June. They
put forward the following demands:
(1) Making labour laws to limit the number of daily working hours to eight, set
minimum wages, and improve the life of female and child labour...
(2) Granting Chinese people the freedom of residence. They should be allowed
to live on Victoria Peak so as to wipe out racial discrimination.
Source B
The passage below is about the Riots of 1967.
In 1967, a series of industrial disputes broke out in Hong Kong. Under the
influence of the Cultural Revolution in China, they soon turned into large-scale
riots... Large crowds of police stopped the people from moving forward and
suppressed the demonstration with violence. This led to the May 22nd Incident
[ 五 ‧ 二二血案 ]... Workers from sea transport companies and public utility
companies went on strike. Department stores and the food industry closed their
business... Homemade bombs were planted everywhere by the leftists, leaving
many innocents injured...
(1) Name the events in China that gave rise to the Guangdong-Hong Kong
General Strike and the Riots of 1967 respectively.
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
(2) Faced with demonstrations, what measures did the Shanghai and Hong
Kong governments (both controlled by the British) take? Do you
approve of their actions?
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________
(3) Source A shows two demands put forward by Hong Kong workers
during the Guangdong-Hong Kong General Strike. How different are
these demands from those made by the general working class?
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
(4) Discuss the impacts of the Riots of 1967 on Hong Kong’s economy with
reference to source B, and using your own knowledge.
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________

Source A
A cartoon showing the influence of the Cultural Revolution on Hong Kong. The
words on the plaque of the house read: ‘Cultural Revolution’.
Source B
The passage below is about the Riots of 1967.
In December 1967, Zhou Enlai [周恩來] gave a negative comment on the riots
in Hong Kong. He concluded that the riots were greatly affected by the extreme
leftist ideas and decided to end the riots in Hong Kong. ...When Zhou Enlai
ordered the leftist groups in Hong Kong to stop all bombings, the Riots of 1967
that lasted eight months finally came to an end.
(1) Name the man on the right of the picture, as reflected in source A. Cite
one clue to support your answer.
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
(2) Why, according to source B, did the Riots of 1967 come to an end?
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
(3) ‘The mainland of China had great influence on Hong Kong in the
political aspect.’ Support this point of view with reference to sources A

and B, and using your own knowledge.

__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________

Source A
The pictures below were taken in China and Hong Kong in 1989.
Students in Beijing going on a hunger strike in Tiananmen Square in June 1989
Hong Kong people taking to the streets in June 1989 in support of the Beijing
students
Source B
The passage below is about the water supply for Hong Kong.
Due to a lack of fresh water in Hong Kong, the Hong Kong government and the
Guangdong government reached an agreement in 1960 that the Guangdong
Province would supply fresh water (mainly Dongjiang) to Hong Kong from
1964 onwards. In 1980, the two governments reached another agreement that
the amount of water supply to Hong Kong would gradually increase from 1982.
(1) How did the mainland of China affect Hong Kong in the political aspect,

as reflected in source A?
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
(2) How did the mainland of China affect Hong Kong in the social aspect, as
reflected in source B?
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
(3) ‘The mainland of China and Hong Kong were closely linked.’ Support
this viewpoint with reference to sources A and B, and using your own
knowledge.
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________

Source A
Three Hong Kong people are talking about their jobs, which all have something
to do with the mainland of China:
a: My duty is to supervise the infrastructure projects in which some Chinese
companies invested in Hong Kong.
b: Everyday I take care of the live pigs transported from the mainland.
c: I am responsible for loading and unloading cargoes from the mainland,
which are then transported to other countries.
Source B
The Basic Law proclaimed in 1990
Source C
The Hong Kong Convention and Exhibition Centre, midnight, 30 June 1997

(1) Source A introduces the work of three Hong Kong people. Match it with
the following items that show the economic ties between the mainland of
China and Hong Kong. Put the letters a-c in the space below.
Re-exportation of goods: ____________
Investment of capital: ____________
Supply of resources: ____________
(2) How does the Basic Law in source B ensure that Hong Kong people
enjoy a high degree of autonomy?
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
(3) What ceremony was held in the Hong Kong Convention and Exhibition
Centre at midnight, 30 June 1997? What was the historical significance
of this ceremony?
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
(4) Do you think the economic ties between Hong Kong and the mainland of
China (e.g. re-exportation of goods, investment of capital and supply of
resources shown in source A) have become closer since the end of the
ceremony?
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________

Answers
(1) Truth or Fraud
1. 
2. 
3. 
4. 
5. 
6. 
7. 
8. 
9. 
10. 
11. 
12. 
13. 
14. 
15. 
16. 
17. 

18. 
19. 
20. 
21. 
22. 
23. 
24. 
25. 
26. 
27. 
28. 
29. 
30. 
31. 
32. 
33. 
34. 
35. 
36. 

37. 
38. 
39. 
40. 
41. 
42. 
43. 
44. 
45. 
46. 
47. 
48. 
49. 
50. 
(2) Matching
1. Repatriation policy - The population of Hong Kong dropped sharply.

Military notes - They became worthless after the Japanese surrendered.
Two Chinese Councils - They were formed by the Chinese elites.
Food rationing - It was introduced in Hong Kong because of food shortage.
Surrender of Japan - It occurred after the atomic explosions in Hiroshima and
Nagasaki.

2. Isogai Rensuke - He was the first Japanese governor of Hong Kong.

Cecil Harcourt - He set up a military government after the Japanese surrendered.
Mark Young - He returned as the governor of Hong Kong after the Second World
War.
Sun Yixian - He graduated from the Hong Kong College of Medicine.
Song Qingling - She formed the China Defence League in Hong Kong.
3. Entrepot trade - It was the major economic activity in Hong Kong before the
Second World War.
Toy industry - It was one of the major industries in Hong Kong in the 1960s.
Financial industry - It was one of the major industries in Hong Kong in the 1980s.
Chinese Civil War - Many mainland industrialists and workers escaped to Hong
Kong and brought with them capital, skills and cheap labour.
Korean War - Hong Kong began to develop its own industry.
4. Growth in manufacturing industries - It led to an increase in trade, and the growth

in trade led to the development of banking and insurance services.
China’s Reform and Opening-up policy - Many mainland industrialists could
come to invest in Hong Kong.
Favourable geographical location - Together with London and New York, Hong
Kong forms an international financial market where 24-hour trading can be
carried out.
Good infrastructure - Hong Kong had an efficient transportation network and
modern communication facilities.
The non-intervention policy - The government imposed few restrictions on foreign
exchange and business affairs.
5. Resettlement estates - They were built for the victims of natural disasters.
Low-cost housing estates - They were built for low-income families from the
1960s onwards.
Home Ownership Scheme - Under this scheme, middle- or low-income families
could buy flats at lower prices.
Home Purchase Loan Scheme - It provided interest-free loans to help people buy
their own flats.
Sandwich Home Ownership Scheme - It provided low-interest loans to families
with middle income.
6. Hong Kong Television Broadcasts Limited - The first free television station in

Hong Kong
Rediffusion (Hong Kong) - The first commercial radio station in Hong Kong
Rediffusion Television (Hong Kong) - The first pay television station in Hong
Kong
Commercial Radio Hong Kong - A radio station that provided free radio
broadcasting
7. May 30th Incident - It led to the outbreak of the Guangdong-Hong Kong General
Strike.
1911 Revolution - Hong Kong people supported anti-Qing activities and
contributed much to it.
Cultural Revolution - The Riots of 1967 broke out under its influence.
War of Resistance Against Japan - Hong Kong became a centre of anti-Japanese
activities.
Reform and Opening-up policy - It promoted the trade between Hong Kong and
the mainland.
8. Water shortage in Hong Kong - The situation improved when Dongjiang water
was supplied to Hong Kong.
The ‘one country, two systems’ principle - It stated that the capitalist system
would remain unchanged for fifty years.
Nine-year free and compulsory schooling - All children aged between 6 and 15
had to attend school.
The Basic Law - The ‘one country, two systems’ principle was confirmed.
The Sino-British Joint Declaration - It was signed by China and Britain in 1984.
9. The 1950s - Hone Kong grew from an entrepot to an industrial centre.

The 1960s - The government began to build low-cost housing estates.
The 1970s - Nine-year free and compulsory schooling was introduced.
The 1980s - Hong Kong developed from an industrial centre into an international
financial centre.
The 1990s - Hong Kong was in transition from a British ‘colony’ to a special
administrative region of PRC.
(3) Time Sense
1. (a) Japanese occupation of the New Territories; (c) Japanese occupation of

Kowloon Peninsula; (b) Japanese occupation of Hong Kong Island

2. (c) The Japanese troops crossed the Shenzhen River; (b) The Gin Drinkers Line
fell; (a) The Japanese troops landed at Taikoo Dockyard
3. (a) Setting up of the military government at the Peninsula Hotel; (b) Setting up
of the administrative headquarters at the building of Hongkong and Shanghai
Banking Corporation; (c) End of the Japanese occupation
4. (c) People organised guerilla activities against the Japanese; (b) A military
administration under Sir Cecil Harcourt was set up; (a) Sir Mark Young returned
as the governor of Hong Kong
5. (a) Hong Kong became an entrepot; (c) Hong Kong became an industrial centre;
(b) Hong Kong became an international financial centre
6. (c) Building of low-cost housing estates; (b) Introduction of the Home

Ownership Scheme; (a) Introduction of the Sandwich Home Ownership Scheme
7. (c) Building of squatter huts along the hillsides; (a) The Shek Kip Mei fire; (b)
Introduction of the Home Purchase Loan Scheme
8. (c) Building of government primary schools; (b) Introduction of nine-year free

and compulsory education; (a) Development of tertiary education
9. (c) Establishment of the Tung Wah Group of Hospitals; (a) Establishment of the
Social Welfare Office; (b) Formation of the Department of Social Welfare
10. (a) Setting up of the Radio Television Hong Kong; (c) Setting up of the
Rediffusion Television (Hong Kong); (b) Setting up of the Hong Kong
Television Broadcasts Limited
11. (c) Setting up of the Radio Television Hong Kong; (a) Setting up of Rediffusion
(Hong Kong); (b) Setting up of Commercial Radio Hong Kong
12. (b) Mandarin pops became the mainstream; (a) English pops became the
mainstream; (c) Cantonese pops became the mainstream
13. (a) Sun Yixian studying in Hong Kong; (b) Outbreak of the 1911 Revolution; (c)

Outbreak of the Guangdong-Hong Kong General Strike
14. (a) Outbreak of the Guangdong-Hong Kong General Strike; (c) Formation of the
China Defence League; (b) Outbreak of the 1967 Riots
15. (a) A civil war broke out in China; (b) China began to provide Hong Kong with
basic necessities and foodstuffs; (c) Many Hong Kong companies invested in
business on the mainland of China
16. (a) The Sino-British Joint Declaration was signed; (c) The Basic Law was
proclaimed; (b) Hong Kong became a special administrative region of the
People’s Republic of China
(4) Multiple Choice
1. B
2. D
3. C
4. B
5. C
6. B
7. C
8. D
9. A
10. D
11. D
12. B

13. D
14. A
15. D
16. A
17. A
18. A
19. B
20. B
21. D
22. B
23. C
24. B
25. A
26. D
27. B
28. C
29. B
30. C
31. B

32. C
33. C
34. A
35. B
36. B
37. B
38. C
39. A
40. D
41. C
42. B
43. B
44. C
45. C
46. B
47. C
48. D
49. B
50. B

51. D
52. A
(5) Fill in the Blanks
1. Shenzhen; six
2. Young; three years and eight months
3. Peninsula Hotel; administrative headquarters; Isogai Rensuke
4. Chinese Representative Council; Chinese Co-operative Council
5. repatriation; Chinese
6. food rationing
7. military notes
8. Meiji-dori; Showa-dori
9. British; guerilla
10. Cecil Harcourt
11. entrepot trade; industrial centre
12. industrialists; capital; skills; cheap labour; embargo
13. British Commonwealth
14. labour-intensive
15. international financial centre
16. tenth; second

17. Reform and Opening-up
18. Pacific; London; New York
19. airport; container ports; communication
20. non-intervention
21. birth rate; death rate; mainland
22. Shek Kip Mei fire; resettlement estates
23. low-cost housing estates
24. Home Ownership Scheme; Home Purchase Loan Scheme; Sandwich Home
Ownership Scheme
25. government primary schools
26. nine-year free and compulsory schooling; tertiary education
27. Social Welfare Office; Department of Social Welfare
28. popular culture; radio; movies;
29. Rediffusion Television (Hong Kong); Hong Kong Television Broadcasts Limited
30. Rediffusion (Hong Kong); Commercial Radio Hong Kong
31. Mandarin; Cantonese
32. Xingzhonghui; Hong Kong
33. China Defence League
34. May 30th Incident; Guangdong-Hong Kong General Strike

35. industrial dispute; Cultural Revolution
36. handmade bombs
37. necessities; foodstuffs
38. water shortage; Dongjiang
39. Sino-British Joint Declaration; sovereignty
40. one country, two systems; capitalist; lifestyle
(6) Sorting
1. Lugouqiao Incident (It was not related to the Japanese occupation of Hong
Kong.)
2. Supreme Court Building (It was not taken by the Japanese to set up the
government.)
3. Heung Yee Kuk (It was not formed during the Japanese occupation.)
4. Curfew (It was not a policy implemented during the Japanese occupation.)
5. Use of Japanese yen (It was not a measure implemented during the Japanese
occupation.)
6. Shipbuilding industry (It was not an industry developed between the 1950s and
the 1970s.)
7. Reform and Opening-up in China (It was not a reason for Hong Kong to develop
into an industrial centre.)
8. Textile industry (It was not a major industry in the 1980s.)
9. An influx of Chinese from the mainland (It was not a reason for Hong Kong to
develop into a financial centre.)

10. Squatter areas (They were not built by the government.)
11. Comprehensive Social Security Assistance Scheme (It was not a housing policy.)
12. Introduction of twelve-year free and compulsory schooling (It was not an
educational policy that was carried out in the second half of the 20th century.)
13. Rediffusion (Hong Kong) (It was not a television station.)
14. Hong Kong Television Broadcasts Limited (It was not a radio station.)
15. Korean pops (It was not one of the major pop songs in the second half of the
20th century.)
16. Supplying water to the mainland of China (It was not an event that showed Hong
Kong’s support for the mainland.)
17. Constitution of the People’s Republic of China (It was not related to Hong
Kong’s transition to a special administrative region of PRC.)
(7) Vocabulary
1. Manufacturing industries are industries that use machines to produce goods on a

large scale.
2. The Japanese occupation government asked the local elites to form the Chinese
Representative Council and the Chinese Co-operative Council, which was
commonly called the ‘Two Chinese Councils’. These Councils were responsible
for local Chinese affairs and helped the government to carry out policies.
3. Under the repatriation policy, the Japanese sent all Chinese people who did not
have a job or a place to live to the mainland of China.
4. During the War, all imports to Hong Kong were interrupted. Since food supply
became insufficient, the Japanese rationed necessities, such as rice, flour and
salt.
5. In order to raise money for the war, the Japanese issued money in military yen.

The exchange rate between the military yen and Hong Kong dollar was set by the
Japanese, and there was no limit to the number of military notes printed.
6. Infrastructure refers to the basic facilities that a country or region needs for its
development. Examples are transportation network, airport, communication
facilities, etc.
7. In 1978, the government introduced the Home Ownership Scheme. Under this
scheme, middle- or low-income families could buy flats at lower prices.
8. In 1988, the government introduced the Home Purchase Loan Scheme. It

provided interest-free loans to help people buy their own flats.
9. In 1993, the government introduced the Sandwich Home Ownership Scheme,

which provided low-interest loans to middle-income families.
10. The Social Welfare Office, which was later known as the Department of Social
Welfare, was set up in 1948. It provided different kinds of social services, such
as giving cash allowances to the elderly and the disabled.
11. Popular culture refers to those cultural activities and things that attract a large
number of people. Examples include songs, television, movies, newspapers,
magazines, comic books and the Internet.
12. In 1967, the Hong Kong Television Broadcasts Limited (TVB) went into
business and provided free television entertainment. Since then, watching
television had become very popular among the Hong Kong people.
13. On 30 May 1925, British policemen opened fire on some demonstrators in

Shanghai, killing eleven of them. This was known as the ‘May 30th Incident’.
14. In June 1925, when the news of the May 30th Incident spread to Hong Kong,
workers organised a strike to show their discontent with the British government.
It later developed into the Guangdong-Hong Kong General Strike, which lasted
one year and four months.
15. In May 1967, an industrial dispute broke out in Hong Kong. Under the influence
of the Cultural Revolution, the dispute soon developed into riots against the

British government. During these Riots of 1967, violence was common. Even
homemade bombs were used. The Riots lasted until the end of the year.
16. Under the ‘one country, two systems’ principle, two economic systems are
practised within the People’s Republic of China: socialism on the mainland and
capitalism in Hong Kong and Macau.
(8) Short Questions
1. The ‘Two Chinese Councils’ were responsible for local Chinese affairs and
helped the government to carry out policies.
2. The population of Hong Kong dropped from about 1.6 million in late 1941 to
about 0.6 million in mid-1945.
3. During the Second World War, all imports to Hong Kong were interrupted. Since
food supply became insufficient, the Japanese rationed necessities, such as rice,
flour and salt.
4. Under the system of food rationing, every person was allowed to buy only about
two hundred and forty grams of rice per day. As a result, many people in Hong
Kong suffered from malnutrition.
5. After the Japanese surrendered, the Hong Kong government announced that
military notes could not be used anymore, and the Japanese government refused
to change the military yen back into Hong Kong dollars. Therefore, the military
notes became worthless.
6. From the 1950s to the 1970s, Hong Kong grew from an entrepot into an
industrial centre.
7. During the Chinese Civil War, many mainland industrialists and workers
escaped to Hong Kong. They brought with them capital, skills and cheap labour.
This helped Hong Kong industries develop.
8. In the 1980s, Hong Kong developed from an industrial centre into an

international financial centre.

9. China adopted the Reform and Opening-up policy in 1978. Many mainland
industrialists could then come to invest in Hong Kong. This helped the growth of
tourism, banking and other financial services.
10. This was mainly due to a high birth rate and a low death rate. Besides, lots of
people moved to Hong Kong from the mainland of China.
11. After the 1953 Shek Kip Mei fire, the government built for the victims a few
resettlement blocks at the site of burnt squatter huts. Later, cheap public housing
was provided through the Hong Kong Housing Society.
12. Before the Second World War, social welfare in Hong Kong was mainly provided
by voluntary organisations, such as the Tung Wah Group of Hospitals and the Po
Leung Kuk. After the War, however, the government began to take up a more
active role in providing social services to the people of Hong Kong.
13. In the 1950s, the government expanded primary education by building many
government primary schools.
14. In the 1970s, television became popular. Therefore, the Cantonese theme songs
of TV dramas also became popular. In the 1980s, the Reform and Opening-up in
China promoted exchanges between Hong Kong and the mainland. Mandarin
songs became popular again.
15. When Japan started its full-scale invasion of China in 1937, many people from
the mainland escaped to Hong Kong. Until its fall to the Japanese in December
1941, Hong Kong had been a refuge for many mainland Chinese. Even after its
fall, Hong Kong people continued to support their motherland by taking part in
anti-Japanese activities.
16. On 30 May 1925, British policemen opened fire on some demonstrators in

Shanghai, killing eleven of them. This was known as the ‘May 30th Incident’. In
June, when the news spread to Hong Kong, workers organised a strike to show
their discontent with the British government. It later developed into the
Guangdong-Hong Kong General Strike.
17. In 1978, China adopted the Reform and Opening-up policy. Since then, trade
between Hong Kong and the mainland had been increased.

18. According to the Sino-British Joint Declaration, China declared that it was to
resume the exercise of sovereignty over Hong Kong from 1 July 1997, while
Britain declared that it would restore Hong Kong to China on the same day.
China also declared that the capitalist system and the lifestyle in Hong Kong
would remain unchanged for fifty years.
(9) Long Questions
1. On 8 December 1941, Japan suddenly attacked the American naval base at Pearl
Harbor, Hawaii. Then, it invaded Hong Kong. Japanese troops crossed the
Shenzhen River, and they soon occupied the New Territories and Kowloon
Peninsula. On 18 December, Japanese troops landed at Taikoo Dockyard to
invade Hong Kong Island. On 25 December, Governor Young surrendered to the
Japanese troops at the Peninsula Hotel. Japanese rule in Hong Kong began.
2. In the social aspect, all imports to Hong Kong were interrupted during the War.
Since food supply became insufficient, the Japanese rationed necessities, such as
rice, flour and salt. Every person was allowed to buy only about two hundred and
forty grams of rice per day. As a result, many people in Hong Kong suffered
from malnutrition. In the economic aspect, the Japanese issued money in military
yen. The exchange rate between the military yen and Hong Kong dollar was set
by the Japanese, and there was no limit to the number of military notes printed.
This led to serious inflation. In the hygienic aspect, the standard of hygiene in
Hong Kong was poor during the occupation period. Roads and drains that were
damaged by the War were not repaired, and there was garbage everywhere.
Epidemics such as cholera broke out. Life was extremely hard during this period.
3. Since Hong Kong people suffered a great deal under Japanese rule, some of them
joined the British army in Hong Kong to help fight the Japanese. Others
organised guerilla activities. They collected intelligence, attacked the enemy,
killed traitors and saved other people from the hands of the Japanese.
4. Firstly, many mainland industrialists and workers escaped to Hong Kong during
the Chinese Civil War. They brought with them capital, skills and cheap labour.
This helped Hong Kong industries develop. Besides, after the outbreak of the
Korean War in 1950, the United Nations placed an embargo on all Chinese
goods. This meant that many places, including British Hong Kong, did not allow

the import of Chinese goods. As a result, Hong Kong’s entrepot trade declined
sharply. To cope with this situation, Hong Kong began to develop its own
industry. (Suggested answer only)
5. Firstly, Hong Kong had developed its local industries from the 1950s onwards.
The rapid growth in manufacturing industries led to an increase in trade, and the
growth in trade led to the development of banking and insurance services. Many
foreign investors were attracted to Hong Kong’s stock market and other financial
markets. This made Hong Kong’s financial sector grow rapidly. Moreover, Hong
Kong is centrally located in the Pacific region. Together with London and New
York, it forms an international financial market where 24-hour trading can be
carried out. Furthermore, the government provided and maintained a good
infrastructure, such as an efficient transportation network, an airport, modern
container ports and communication facilities. The government also adopted a
policy of non-intervention. It allowed money to move in and out of Hong Kong
freely. All these helped Hong Kong grow into an international financial market.
6. To expand primary education, many government primary schools were built in

the 1950s. Besides, Free and compulsory primary education was introduced in
1971. Later, in 1978, nine years of free and compulsory schooling was
introduced. In addition, nine universities were set up to provide tertiary
education for the people of Hong Kong. Other institutions, such as the Hong
Kong Institute of Education, were also established to train experts and
professionals. Finally, the government also set up technical and prevocational
schools, and provided education for adults and disabled people.
7. In the aspect of medical services, many public hospitals were built to provide
Hong Kong people with cheap medical treatment. In the aspect of social welfare,
the Social Welfare Office, which was later known as the Department of Social
Welfare, was set up in 1948. It provided different kinds of social services, such
as giving cash allowances to the elderly and the disabled.
8. Popular culture refers to those cultural activities and things that attract a large
number of people. Examples include songs, television, movies, newspapers,
magazines, comic books and the Internet. During the second half of the 20th
century, popular culture in Hong Kong had much variety and was fast changing.
It gave us information on the contemporary social life of Hong Kong people.

9. The movie industry in Hong Kong developed in the late 19th century, but going
to the cinema was very expensive before the 1950s. In the 1960s, more local
movie companies were formed, and film production increased. Gradually, going
to the cinema became cheaper and popular in Hong Kong. In the early 1960s,
Cantonese movies replaced Mandarin and foreign movies to be the mainstream.
Action, kungfu, romance and comedy were popular types of Cantonese movies
from the 1970s onwards. In the 1980s and 1990s, Mandarin and foreign movies
became popular again, but Cantonese movies remained the mainstream.
10. Hong Kong played an important role in the 1911 Revolution. During the early
20th century, some Chinese revolutionaries, such as Sun Yixian, used Hong
Kong as a base for anti-Qing activities. Hong Kong people supported these
revolutionary activities, and contributed much to the 1911 Revolution.
11. The Guangdong-Hong Kong General Strike was under the influence of the anti-
foreign demonstrations in Shanghai, while the Riots of 1967 was under the
influence of the Cultural Revolution in China. Both of the incidents showed that
although Hong Kong was under British rule, it was still much affected by the
political situation in China. They also showed that Hong Kong continued to keep
a close relationship with the mainland of China and the Hong Kong people were
patriotic.
12. Firstly, whenever China was politically unstable (e.g. during the Japanese
invasion, the Chinese Civil War and the Cultural Revolution), many people
escaped to Hong Kong from the mainland. They provided a huge labour force for
Hong Kong industries. Besides, the mainland had always been a source of
materials to Hong Kong. For example, it had provided Hong Kong with basic
necessities and foodstuffs since 1962. Moreover, many mainland industrialists
came to Hong Kong with a large amount of capital during and after 1949. After
the Cultural Revolution, many mainland organisations set up offices in Hong
Kong. Mainland capital investment in local business expanded quickly. In
addition, China adopted the Reform and Opening-up policy in 1978. Since then,
trade between Hong Kong and the mainland had been increased. Finally, many
Hong Kong companies invested in businesses on the mainland after 1978. They
made huge profits by making use of the cheap labour and the large market there.
13. The daily life in Hong Kong had been closely connected to the mainland in the
20th century. Firstly, water shortages were serious in Hong Kong in the early

years. The government was forced to ration water. The situation improved when
the mainland began to supply Hong Kong with water. The supply of Dongjiang
water, for example, had helped Hong Kong maintain an adequate water supply
since the 1960s. Moreover, since the early years, there had been frequent
exchanges between Hong Kong and the mainland on literature, arts and music.
Later, learning Putonghua had become popular among Hong Kong people.
(10) Data-Based Questions
1. (1) The British troops built the Gin Drinkers Line along the mountains north
of Kowloon Peninsula in order to prevent Japan’s southern invasion from
the New Territories.
(2) Yes. They called the Gin Drinkers Line the ‘Oriental Maginot Line’.
Besides, they thought that the Line could protect Hong Kong from
Japanese invasion for at least six months.
(3) As reflected in source B, Japanese troops marched on Hong Kong Island
on 26 December. It shows that the British troops failed to resist the
Japanese invasion, and Hong Kong fell under Japanese rule. In fact, the
Gin Drinkers Line, so-called the ‘Oriental Maginot Line’, fell three days
after the Japanese invaded the New Territories. Shortly afterwards,
Kowloon Peninsula was occupied. The British troops thought that the Gin
Drinkers Line could protect Hong Kong from Japanese invasion for at
least six months, but the Japanese troops occupied Hong Kong in 18 days.
It can be seen that the British troops were too confident about the defence
of Hong Kong.
2. (1) According to source A, the Japanese carried out a system of food rationing.
During the Second World War, food supply was interrupted. To solve the
problem of food shortage, the Japanese established rice stations in every
district. Every day, each person could get 240 grams of rice with a rice
ration card. Other necessities, such as salt and flour, were also rationed.
(2) The sharp decrease in the population of Hong Kong during the Japanese
occupation was due to the repatriation policy. All Chinese people who did
not have a job and a place to live were sent back to the mainland of China.
Some young people were also sent to Japan or other places to work as
labourers. This explains why the population of Hong Kong dropped from
about 1.6 million in 1941 to about 0.6 million in 1945.
(3) After they had occupied Hong Kong, the Japanese found that Hong Kong

was over populated, i.e. about 1.6 million people in 1941 (source B). This
would eventually lead to the problem of food shortage as shown in source
A. Therefore, they introduced the repatriation policy to lessen the pressure
of a large population.
(4) To raise money for the war, the Japanese issued military banknotes and
forced people to use them. They also carried out Japanisation policies in
Hong Kong. For example, Japanese festivals and victories were celebrated.
Besides, Japanese was made the official language and were taught in
schools. In addition, the contents of textbooks and mass media had to be
pro-Japanese.
3. (1) Isogai Rensuke thought that the Greater East Asia War would bring
stability and prosperity to East Asia and contribute to world peace.
(2) Under the administrative structure, the Chinese became the head of the 28
districts and were responsible for handling district affairs. However, they
did not hold great power. As reflected in source B, although the 28 districts
were headed by Chinese, the three regions were directly controlled by the
Japanese. Therefore, the Chinese were still under the control of the
Japanese, and they only held limited power.
(3) According to source A, Isogai Rensuke believed that Hong Kong people
should co-operate with the Japanese to fight in the Greater East Asia War.
Besides, the Japanese occupation government adopted a policy of ‘using
the Chinese to control the Chinese’ [以華制華]. Therefore, it appointed the
Chinese as the heads of the 28 districts.
(4) No. Isogai Rensuke thought that the Greater East Asia War would bring
stability and prosperity to Asian countries (source A). However, the
economy of Hong Kong was badly affected and people led an extremely
hard life during the occupation period. As reflected in source B, the
Chinese were only puppet heads of the 28 districts who were controlled by
the Japanese. Source C shows the military notes issued by the Japanese.
Hong Kong people were forced to exchange their money for military
notes. Since there was no limit to the number of military notes printed,
serious inflation was resulted and the economy of Hong Kong was badly
hit. Besides, a system of food rationing was adopted during the occupation
period. Since people only got a small amount of food every day, many of
them suffered from malnutrition. In addition, the standard of hygiene in
Hong Kong was very poor during the occupation period. Roads and drains
that were damaged by the War were not repaired, and there was garbage

everywhere. Epidemics, such as cholera, broke out. Therefore, I do not

agree with Isogai Rensuke’s view.
4. (1) As reflected in source A, the Hong Kong-Kowloon Brigade attacked the

Japanese from the trenches. This shows that they organised guerilla
activities to attack the enemy during the occupation period.
(2) According to source B, the Hong Kong-Kowloon Brigade set up an
underground communication system at Sai Kung in order to collect
intelligence. They also rescued a member of the American Flying Tigers.
This shows that they collected intelligence and saved other people from
the hands of the Japanese.
(3) Hong Kong people contributed much in the War of Resistance Against
Japan. As reflected in sources A and B, the Hong Kong-Kowloon Brigade
organised guerilla activities. They collected intelligence, attacked the
enemy and saved other people from the hands of the Japanese. Besides,
some people joined the British army in Hong Kong to help fight the
Japanese. Moreover, Hong Kong gave shelter and support to the people
who escaped from the mainland to Hong Kong during the War. Until its
fall to the Japanese in 1941, Hong Kong had been a refuge for mainland
Chinese. Even after its fall, Hong Kong became a centre of anti-Japanese
activities.
5. (1) ‘This place’ referred to Kowloon Peninsula. On 8 December 1941, Japan

started to invade Hong Kong. The whole Kowloon Peninsula was taken in
only six days. ‘That day’ referred to the Christmas Day of 1941, when
Hong Kong officially surrendered to Japan. ‘Three years and eight months’
referred to the duration of the Japanese occupation of Hong Kong. It lasted
from 25 December 1941 to 15 August 1945.
(2) The contributions of the Hong Kong-Kowloon Brigade included:
(i) wiping out bandits in the New Territories;
(ii) rescuing a soldier of the Allies;
(iii)weakening the Japanese by attacking their sentry posts.
(3) During the Japanese occupation, many people lost their home, and their
lives were at risk. Life was very difficult. On 30 August 1945, Sir Cecil
Harcourt led the British Pacific Fleet to enter Hong Kong and restored
British rule. This marked the end of the Japanese occupation. The author
of the memoirs was so happy that he cried.

6. (1) ‘An influx of labour’ was caused by the Chinese Civil War during 1946-
1949. At that time, many mainland industrialists and workers escaped to
Hong Kong. They provided cheap labour for the industrial development of
Hong Kong.
(2) No. The author thought that external factors, such as the characteristics of
geopolitics and an influx of labour, created favourable conditions for the
industrial development of Hong Kong. The government only had to
provide a free environment for Hong Kong’s industry to take off.
Therefore, the government did not play an important role in the industrial
development of Hong Kong.
(3) All the three organisations aim at promoting the commercial and industrial
development in Hong Kong and expanding the markets for industrial
products.
(4) Regarding the external factors, as reflected in source A, the United Nations
placed an embargo on all Chinese goods after the outbreak of the Korean
War. As a result, Hong Kong’s entrepot trade declined sharply, and Hong
Kong began to develop its own industry. Besides, Many mainland
industrialists and workers escaped to Hong Kong during the Chinese Civil
War. They brought with them capital, skills and cheap labour. In addition,
since Western countries had a great demand for cheap daily necessities
after the Second World War, there was a big market for Hong Kong’s
products. Furthermore, as Hong Kong was under British rule, it enjoyed
the low tariffs of the British Commonwealth. All these helped Hong Kong
develop its own manufacturing industries.
Regarding the internal factors, as reflected in source B, a number of
organisations were set up with the assistance of the government, such as
the Federation of Hong Kong Industries, the Hong Kong Productivity
Council, etc. They were responsible for studying and developing
industries, and promoting Hong Kong’s products in order that the
industries of Hong Kong might grow in a favourable environment.
7. (1) In the 1950s, industries developed quickly in Hong Kong. Therefore, the
number of enterprises continued to increase. Owing to the large demand
for labour in factories, the number of workers in manufacturing industries
also increased.
(2) In the 1950s and 1960s, most of the Hong Kong industries were labour-
intensive light industries. Large machines were installed in factories. A
large number of workers were engaged in production, with the majority of

them being female. Their job was to process raw materials and produce
goods. The finished products were then exported and sold in other
countries.
(3) To cope with the industrial development, the government built a number of
factory buildings in places, such as Kwun Tong and Tai Po, in the 1960s.
They were then rented to industrialists for setting up factories and carrying
out production.
(4) Apart from the textile and clothing industries, plastics, electronics, clocks
and watches, toys, and printing industries could be found in Hong Kong.
8. (1) Industrial development started in Hong Kong in the 1950s. Among other
industries, the textile and clothing industries developed most rapidly.
Spinning, weaving and clothing factories continued to increase in
numbers. As a result, the number of people working in these factories also
increased.
(2) The rapid growth of Hong Kong’s textile industry was due to the
following: Hong Kong’s favourable trading conditions, a lack of industrial
goods in the post-war international market, preoccupation of Western
industrialised countries with post-war recovery, a large market demand,
Hong Kong’s customs privileges in the Commonwealth, the low interest
rates of Hong Kong banks and social stability.
(3) In the mid-1970s, under pressure from Western countries, Hong Kong
agreed to comply with the Long Term Cotton Textile Agreement (CTA) of
the General Agreement on Trade and Tariffs (GATT). Textile products
exported from Hong Kong to the United States and the European
Community were subject to quota. This agreement restricted the growth of
the textile industry in Hong Kong.
(4) To deal with the difficult situation, Hong Kong industrialists moved
towards product diversification and produced high-quality goods.
9. (1)  Labour-intensive
(2) Since a civil war was fought in China, many people escaped from the
mainland to Hong Kong. The population of Hong Kong increased rapidly.
They provided cheap labour for the development of labour-intensive
industries.
(3) No. In the 1980s, the wages of Hong Kong workers rose. Besides, China
adopted the Reform and Opening-up policy. The cost of production was
much lower in China than that in Hong Kong. Therefore, Hong Kong

industrialists set up factories in the mainland, and the labour-intensive

industries became less important in Hong Kong.
10. (1) No. This was because intervention in the market was futile and harmful to
the growth of economy.
(2) Haddon-Cave thought that the government should provide good
infrastructures and support services, such as setting up labour laws, in
order to promote economic development.
(3) According to source B, under the non-intervention policy, the government
played an active role in providing infrastructures. The government built
the Kwai Chung Container Terminals, the MTR, the Hong Kong
Convention and Exhibition Centre and the Hong Kong International
Airport. Since Hong Kong had an efficient transportation network and
good ancillary facilities, many foreign merchants came to invest in Hong
Kong. Besides, the government adopted a policy of non-intervention. It
allowed money to move in and out of Hong Kong freely. Moreover, it
imposed few restrictions on foreign exchange and business affairs, and
levied much lower taxes than most other countries. All these helped Hong
Kong grow into an international financial centre.
11. (1) The stock market in Hong Kong is very busy. It can handle a great deal of
transactions. In 2000, on the basis of market capitalisation, the Hong Kong
stock market ranked tenth in the world. This is the prerequisite for Hong
Kong to develop into an international financial centre.
(2) The other factors that have contributed to Hong Kong’s development into
an international financial centre include: Firstly, money can move in and
out of Hong Kong freely. Secondly, Hong Kong has a stable and fair legal
system. Besides, Hong Kong people are capable and hard-working. In
addition, Hong Kong has a good harbour and excellent telecommunication
facilities. Finally, Hong Kong lies in a time zone between North America
and Europe. Therefore, financial trading can continue in Hong Kong when
the other two markets are closed.
(3) Hong Kong’s status as an international financial centre has encouraged the
development of banking and insurance services.
(4) The Hong Kong government has built infrastructures, such as the container
terminals in Kwai Chung, the international airport at Chek Lap Kok and an
efficient transportation network, to maintain Hong Kong’s status as an
international financial centre.

12. (1) Keung was living in a squatter hut built on a hillside.

(2) In post-war Hong Kong, there was a rise in the birth rate and a drop in the
death rate. Moreover, a large number of people moved from the mainland
of China to Hong Kong. The population of Hong Kong rose rapidly, but
there was not enough housing. To solve the problem, the government
allowed people to build squatter huts on hillsides. Therefore, a lot of
squatter huts were found in Hong Kong in the early 1950s.
(3) On the Christmas Day of 1953, a big fire broke out at the Shek Kip Mei
squatter area. Many people lost their homes. As a result, the government
built resettlement estates for the victims.
(4) Keung joined the Home Ownership Scheme introduced by the Hong Kong
Housing Authority [香港房屋委員會] in 1978.
13. (1) The Shek Kip Mei fire. As reflected in source A, the event took place in
Shek Kip Mei in December 1953.
(2) Low-cost housing estates. The government started to build low-cost
housing estates in the 1960s.
(3) As reflected in source A, the Shek Kip Mei fire made thousands of people
homeless. Therefore, the government began to build resettlement estates
for the victims. Later, this programme was developed into a large public
housing project. The Hong Kong Housing Society was set up to provide
low-cost housing (source B) for low-income families.
(4) No. Since the population of Hong Kong continued to grow and people had
higher demand for the living environment, the low-cost housing estates
could not entirely solve the housing problem in Hong Kong. Therefore, the
government introduced the Home Ownership Scheme, the Home Purchase
Loan Scheme and the Sandwich Home Ownership Scheme subsequently.
14. (1) On rooftops. Since there were not enough schools and school places for
the children, the government allowed the charitable organisations to build
rooftop schools.
(2) Introduction of free and compulsory primary education. It would be
against the law if parents did not send their children to school.
(3) The number of primary school students increased greatly between 1945
and 1971. It rose from about 1,000 in 1945 to 760,000 in 1971.
(4) Before the Second World War, schools in Hong Kong were mostly run by
religious organisations. The development of education was slow.

Therefore, there were not many primary school students in the early post-
war period (source C). However, after the Second World War, the birth rate
in Hong Kong was high and there were a large number of children. Many
government primary schools were built in the 1950s in order that more
children might receive primary education. The government also allowed
the building of rooftop schools (source A). Therefore, the number of
primary school students continued to rise. In 1971, free and compulsory
primary education was introduced (source B). As a result, the number of
primary school students reached 760,000 in 1971.
15. (1) The GDP per capita of Hong Kong increased constantly between 1961 and
1996. It rose sharply in the 1980s and 1990s, and reached US$ 24,000 in
1996.
(2) The life expectancy of Hong Kong people rose constantly between 1961
and 1996. In 1996, the life expectancy of male was over 70 years, while
the life expectancy of female was even over 80 years.
(3) It was because the government wanted to ensure that there were adequate
social services in order to remedy, mitigate and prevent social problems,
and to improve the quality of life of the people and the community.
(4) The GDP per capita of Hong Kong continued to rise between 1961 and
1996 because the economy of Hong Kong grew rapidly after the Second
World War. Hong Kong first grew into an industrial centre, and then
developed into an international financial centre in the late 1980s.
Therefore, the GDP per capita of Hong Kong rose constantly, particularly
in the 1980s and 1990s. On the other hand, the life expectancy of Hong
Kong people increased constantly between 1961 and 1996 because the
government played a more active role in providing medical services and
social welfare. As reflected in source C, the government paid more
attention on social welfare because it could prevent social problems and
improve people’s quality of life. The Social Welfare Office, which was
later known as the Department of Social Welfare, was set up in 1948. It
provided different kinds of social services, such as giving cash allowances
to the elderly and the disabled. Besides, many public hospitals were built
to provide Hong Kong people with cheap medical treatment. With better
medical services and social welfare, the quality of life in Hong Kong
improved, and people lived a longer life.
16. (1) Most of the TV dramas were about the rise and fall of a big family and

how an ambitious person became rich and powerful.

(2) Since the economy of Hong Kong developed rapidly, people experienced
changes in interpersonal relations and the disintegration of traditional
family relationship. Since these TV dramas aroused sympathy among the
audience, they became popular.
(3) Below the Lion Rock reflected the life of the lower-class people in Hong
Kong and criticised the government policies. For example, ‘Ode of
Dreams’, ‘The Move’, ‘Grandmother’s Wish’ and ‘Sunrise, Sunset’
showed the hard life of the grassroots. ‘Bridge’ revealed the bureaucracy
of the government.
(4) The TV dramas could reflect the social life. According to source B, Below
the Lion Rock showed the life of the lower-class people in Hong Kong and
criticised the government policies. This reflected that there were many
social problems in Hong Kong, and people’s quality of life had to be
improved. Besides, the TV dramas could show the change of times. As
reflected in source A, the TV dramas showed the social situation following
the rapid economic growth in Hong Kong. It also showed the changes in
interpersonal relations and traditional family relationship.
17. (1) The ‘queen’ referred to Britain, while the ‘comrade’ referred to China.
(2) The pop song in source A shows that Hong Kong people were puzzled
about the future of Hong Kong in the 1990s. Although Hong Kong’s
economy was prosperous (Although she has no facial expression, she
represents achievements), people had no confidence about the future
(Mongkok may have to change its name). There was an emigration wave
in Hong Kong. As the year of 1997 approached, people were worried about
the changes brought by the transfer of Hong Kong’s sovereignty to China.
(3) The transfer of sovereignty in 1997 and the June 4th Incident of 1989
made people worried about the future of Hong Kong. Since they felt
helpless, they indulged in entertainment and consumption. This gave rise
to the humorous and funny ‘mo lei tau’ culture.
(4) Popular culture often reflects the social phenomenon. As reflected in
source A, Queen’s Road East showed that Hong Kong people were worried
about the future of Hong Kong, and there was an emigration wave.
According to source B, the ‘mo lei tau’ culture became popular in the
movies during the 1990s. This was because people felt helpless about the
future of Hong Kong, and they indulged in entertainment. In addition,
other types of popular culture, such as TV programmes and comics, also

reflected the social life and attitudes of Hong Kong people at that time.
18. (1) The May 30th Incident in Shanghai and the Cultural Revolution gave rise
to the Guangdong-Hong Kong General Strike and the Riots of 1967
respectively.
(2) The British-controlled Shanghai and Hong Kong governments sent troops
and police to violently suppress the demonstrations. The British soldiers in
Shanghai even fired upon the demonstrators, causing several dozen
casualties. (Free answer for the second part of the question.)
(3) The general working class mostly hold strikes to fight for their own
interests, such as better wages and shorter working hours. However, Hong
Kong workers during the Guangdong-Hong Kong General Strike fought
not only for their own interests (the first demand), but also for the
independence, equality and freedom of all Chinese people (the second
demand).
(4) According to source B, workers from sea transport companies and public
utility companies went on strike, and department stores and the food
industry closed their business. This shows that Hong Kong was suffering
economic depression during the Riots of 1967. Moreover, since bombs
were planted everywhere by the leftists, people’s lives were put at risk.
The news spread overseas and tourists declined in number. Therefore, the
earnings of the tourist industry dropped. With social instability, investors
became less confident about investing in Hong Kong. A lot of capital
moved out as a result.
19. (1) Mao Zedong. The man was shouting in the house hung with a plaque of
‘Cultural Revolution’. Therefore, the man was Mao Zedong who launched
the Cultural Revolution.
(2) According to source B, Zhou Enlai gave a negative comment on the Riots
of 1967. He ordered the leftist groups in Hong Kong to stop all bombings,
and the Riots of 1967 came to an end.
(3) As reflected in source A, Mao Zedong launched the Cultural Revolution.
He threw out some furnishings that hit the window of Hong Kong. This
showed that the Riots of 1967 broke out under the influence of the Cultural
Revolution. As reflected in source B, Zhou Enlai ordered the leftists in
Hong Kong to stop the bombings, and thus the Riots came to an end. This
showed that Hong Kong was affected by the political situation in China. In
addition, the ‘May 30th Incident’ took place in Shanghai in 1925. When

the news spread to Hong Kong, workers organised a strike to show their
discontent with the British government. It later developed into the
Guangdong-Hong Kong General Strike, which lasted one year and four
months.
20. (1) As reflected in source A, the June 4th Incident took place in China in
1989. Thousands of people in Hong Kong took to the streets to support the
demonstrating students in Beijing.
(2) According to source B, there was a lack of fresh water in Hong Kong. The
situation improved when Guangdong Province began to supply Hong
Kong with water from 1964 onwards.
(3) According to source A, when the June 4th Incident took place in China,
thousands of Hong Kong people took to the streets to support the
demonstrating students in Beijing. It can be seen that Hong Kong was
affected by the mainland of China in the political aspect. As reflected in
source B, China began to supply water to Hong Kong in the 1960s. This
shows that people’s livelihood in the two places closely linked. Besides,
the May 30th Incident took place in Shanghai in 1925. To show their
discontent against the British government, Hong Kong workers started a
strike that later developed into the Guangdong-Hong Kong General Strike.
Under the influence of the Cultural Revolution, a series of riots broke out
in Hong Kong in 1967. All these show Hong Kong was affected by the
political situation in China. In the economic aspect, Hong Kong always
had close ties with the mainland of China. China supplied Hong Kong with
labour, materials and capital. Hong Kong companies invested in businesses
in the mainland. They made huge profits by making use of the cheap
labour and the large market there. It can be seen that Hong Kong had close
political, economic and social ties with the mainland of China.
21. (1) Re-exportation of goods: c

Investment of capital: a
Supply of resources: b
(2) Under the Basic Law, the ‘one country, two systems’ principle is adopted.
The socialist system and policies are not practised in the HKSAR. The
social and economic systems as well as the lifestyle in Hong Kong will
remain unchanged for 50 years. A high degree of autonomy is thus
ensured.
(3) At midnight, 30 June 1997, the Sino-British handover ceremony was held

in the Hong Kong Convention and Exhibition Centre. With the hoisting of
China’s national flag and the HKSAR regional flag, the 155 years of
British rule ended and China resumed the exercise of sovereignty over
Hong Kong. Hong Kong has since embarked on a new era.
(4) Free answer.

Questions: World History Express 3

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World History Express 3 Topic Two

3. Japanese troops landed at Sheung Wan to invade Hong Kong Island. ( )

4. Japan had occupied Hong Kong for a period of eight years. ( )

8. Isogai Rensuke was the first Japanese governor of Hong Kong. ( )

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31. Twelve-year free and compulsory schooling was introduced in 1978. ( )

38. In the 1970s, most Cantonese movies were kungfu movies. ( )

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42. The Guangdong-Hong Kong General Strike lasted two years. ( )

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(2) Matching: Match the following columns together.

1. Repatriation policy ‧ ‧ They were formed by the Chinese

2. Isogai Rensuke ‧ ‧ She formed the China Defence League in

3. Entrepot trade ‧ ‧ It was the major economic activity in Hong

4. Growth in manufacturing ‧ ‧ Together with London and New York,

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financial market where 24-hour trading

5. Resettlement estates ‧ ‧ Under this scheme, middle- or low-

6. Hong Kong Television ‧ ‧ The first free television station in

7. May 30th Incident ‧ ‧ It promoted the trade between Hong

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8. Water shortage in Hong ‧ ‧ The ‘one country, two systems’

9. The 1950s ‧ ‧ Hone Kong grew from an entrepot to an industrial

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(3) Time Sense: Arrange the following in chronological order.

6. (a) Introduction of the Sandwich Home Ownership Scheme; (b) Introduction of

8. (a) Development of tertiary education; (b) Introduction of nine-year free and

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2. When did Governor Young surrender to the Japanese troops?

3. How long did the Japanese rule Hong Kong?

5. The ‘Two Chinese Councils’ refer to ___________ and ___________.

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7. The population of Hong Kong was about __________ in mid 1945.

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C. Banks and other financial institutions were set up.

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(3) The stability of Hong Kong led to a baby boom.

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33. How many universities are there in Hong Kong nowadays?

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(4) The educational level of Hong Kong people rose.

38. Watching television became a free entertainment in the __________.

42. Why did Cantonese pops become popular in the 1970s?

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44. Who set up a revolutionary organisation called Xingzhonghui that aimed to

(1) He used to be the principal of the University of Hong Kong.

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Hong Kong and the mainland of China?

49. Why is the mainland of China economically important to Hong Kong?

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1. On 8 December 1941, the Japanese troops crossed the _____________ River.

2. On 25 December 1941, Governor _____________ surrendered to the Japanese

5. During the Japanese occupation, a policy of _____________ was carried out in

6. Due to the insufficiency of food, a system of _____________ was introduced to

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surrender of Japan and restore British control over the territory.

20. The government also adopted a policy of _____________. It allowed money to

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5. The ‘Two Chinese Councils’ refer to _ and _.