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Title of "THE SYNERGISTIC MINERAL MIXTURE FOR
Invention INCREASING MILK YIELD IN CATTLE." Patent Number 232467

Indian Patent 1399/DEL/2003

Abstract The newly formulated mixture is a cost effective and can
Application
easily be used by the farmers and feed compounding
Number
industries. The formulation is based on proper evaluation in
improvement of various Haematobiochemcial parameters PG Journal 13/2009
viz. Haematobiochemical, Hormone and Vitamins in lactating Number
cows and buffaloes and in growing calves and heifers of Publication 27-Mar-2009
cattle and buffaloes. The supplementation of the mineral Date
mixture is a simple and cheap way to increase the
productivity of the animals where mineral need is not fulfilled Grant Date 17-Mar-2009
through feeds and fodders. It has been observed that with Date of Filing 12-Nov-2003
newly formulated supplementation, there was approximately
Name of INDIAN COUNCIL OF
37% increase in milk yield of cattle, and about 37.7 % in
Patentee AGRICULTURAL
Buffaloes. Similarly in the body weight of cattle calves there
RESEARCH
was 40% increase after supplementation, where as in
Heifers this was 30%. Regarding body weight of Buffalo Applicant KRISHI BHAWAN DR.
calves and Heifer the increase was 44% and 36% Address RAJENDRA PRASAD
respectively. This formulation, is cheap, simple to use and ROAD, NEW DELHI-
prepare, contains no hazardous or toxic level of any 110001, INDIA.
constituent and shall be very beneficial to the farmers
economically. This mineral mixture can be packed into Inventors:
various size of packing and easily transportable. We claim
that "An Area specific mineral mixture increases productivity # Inventor's Inventor's Address
of animals i.e. milk yield and Body weight in Tarai and Hill Name
region of Uttaranchal" suffering from different levels of 1 DR. PRINCIPAL
complex mineral deficiency. MAHESH SCIENTIST &
CHANDRA NATIONAL FELLOW
SHARMA DIVISION OF
Milk Collection System
promptsoftech.com
Automate Milk Collection Process 25000+ Installation across India INSTITUTE
IZATNAGAR-243122
Full Nutritional deficiency associated disorders and decreased
(U.P.), INDIA.
Text productivity of farm animals is prevalent in many parts of India
including the large area of Uttaranchal and at many occasions 2 DR. NITYA PRINCIPAL
even during the flush wet season production performances of NAND SCIENTIST &
bovines remain much less than the inherent potential for the PATHAK FORMER DIRECTOR
types of animals. The reasons for such disorders have been CIRB HISAR
found to be various dietary essential minerals and it has been (HARYANA) DIVISION
found to be mostly area specific. There appears to be no area OF ANIMAL
specific mineral mixture in the market and common formulations NUTRITION INDIAN
are being used which might not be producing desired beneficial VETERINARY
effects in many areas. In view of this situation an area specific RESEARCH
mineral mixture was formulated and assessed. INSTITUTE

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Prior art:- IZATNAGAR-243122

The area specificity of minerals deficiency particularly in the (U.P.)
tropical countries has already been defined by McDowell et al.,
3 DR. RESEARCH
(1983) and Abdelrahman et at. (1998). Deficiency associated
CHINMAY ASSOCIATE
problems have already been observed in the cattle and buffaloes
JOSHI DIVISION OF
of different regions and in most cases it differs from one region to
MEDICINE INDIAN
another region due to different soil composition, intensity of
VETERINARY
cropping, precipitation pattern and soil erosion pattern etc
RESEARCH
Therefore, there is ample scope of the utilization of area specific
INSTITUTE
mineral mixture for balancing the deficiency essential for the
IZATNAGAR-243122
exploitation of optimum production potential of farm animals which
(U.P.), INDIA.
has a significant bearing on the economy of the farmers With this
background in view of the prevalent mineral deficiencies
observed in various parts of Uttaranchal, a complex mineral PCT A23F 1/00
mixture was formulated. Such an effective mineral mixture at International
reasonable cost will have high demand in the region. 3 Detailed Classification
specification of the invention Number
3.1 Methodology /Technotogy
PCT N/A
In an extensive survey of Uttaranchal 3424 samples of soil, 3324
International
samples of fodders and serum samples of 2465 cattle and 2025
Application
buffaloes were collected from the Tarai, Bhabar and Hilly regions,
Number
and mineral content of these samples was estimated and profile
was prepared This profile was used for the formulation of a PCT
composite mineral mixture for balancing the dietary deficiency of International
bovines. The newly formulated mineral mixture contained higher Filing date
level of P, Fe, Mg, Cu, Co, Zn and 1 beside adequate amount of
Se, Vitamin A and E and also a probiotic i.e. Brewers yeast. This PCT Conventions:
mineral mixture was tested for its efficacy on the performances of
# PCT Date of Priority
lactating cows and Buffaloes, growing calves and growing heifers
Application Convention Country
of both species on as far as possible large number of Bovines.
Number
3.2 Experimentation
The following mineral supplementation studies were carried for 90 1 NA
days at the farmers door 1 Effect on milk production of (a)
Crossbred cows and (b) buffaloes 2. Effect on body weight gain
of
(a) Growing Cattle calves of 6 to 12 months of age
(b) Growing buffalo calves of same age
(b) Growing crossbred heifers of 12-24 months of age and (d)
Growing buffalo heifer of similar age.
Experiment 1. Effect on milk production la. In Crossbred Cows
Total 105 crossbred lactating cows in their 3rd to 5th lactation
were selected on the basis of blood mineral profile. These
included 15 clinically healthy cows (group A) and 90 show ing
various degree of mineral deficiency. The latter were randomly
distributed into 3 groups of 30 each and assigned to group B,C,
and D in which common mineral supplements of local market and
new formulations 1 and 2 v.ere supplemented to provide 50 g
mineral mixture per head daily for 90 days.
Daily milk yield during the experimental period of group A, showed
a little improvement probably due to special care during the trial.
In group B, increase was marginal, but much higher increase in
group D. The effect was conspicuous within 60 days of mineral
supplementation in group D and it was to the extent of 37% of the
initial against 13 and 2% only in groups C and B respectively.

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(Table -1, Fig. 1)

Ib. In Buffaloes
This experiment was conducted on 105 h.ctating buffaloes in
same design followed for crossbred cattle. The changes in milk
yield pattern was almost on the line of crossbred cows and
percentage increase over initial milk yield due to new mineral
supplement feeding in group D was 37.5% against 21% and 15%
in group C and B respectively. (Table-2, Fig.2)
Experiment 2. Effect on body weight gain
2a. In cross bred cattle
Total 60 crossbred calves of 6-12 months of age and equal
number of heifers of 12-24 months of age were used in 4 groups
of 15 each including the 15 clinically healthy animals in group A.
There was no change in the feed and feeding of group A, but
those in Group B , C and D received mineral mixture of local
market and newly formulated mineral mixture I and 2 respectively.
Feeding trial lasted for 90 days and body weight gain was
assessed every 15 days as per GBPUAT equations.
The animals in group A maintained growth whereas those in
group D showed maximum improvement. The increase in daily
gain was 39% in group D against 33 and 21% in calves of group
C and B respectively. (Table-3, Fig.3) The increase in growth rate
of heifers of group D was 30% against 26% anu 21% in the
heifers of group C and B, respectively. (Table-3, Fig-4)
2.b. In growing buffaloes: -
The number of animals, criteria of grouping and design of
experiment were similar to that followed for crossbred cattle.
The highest increase in body weight gain of calves of group D
was 43% against 35% and 17% in-group C and B respectively.
(Table-4 Fig.5) Similarly increase in growth of buffalo heifers of
group D was 36% against 30% and 18% only in group C and B
respectively. (Table-4, Fig-6)
3. Alterations in haematobiochemical, mineral, vitamin and
enzyme profile.
Haematobiochemical profile including important minerals, Vitamin
A and E, Hormones viz. T3 and T4 were recorded from the same
animals on which data on milk yield was recorded. These
parameters were recorded from the start of the experimentation
and then at 30 days intervals for 90 days Hb and TEC were
estimated immediately while for rest of the parameters serum
was harvested. The results of the serum minerals are given in
Table 5 while the rest of the Haematobiochemical profile is given
in table 6.
The animals of Group A showed the normal level of mineral status
and the haematobiochemical profile. The animals of Group B
showed a marginal improvement. On the other hand there was a
significant change in the haematobiochemical profile and serum
mineral status in Group C and D animals. In Group C animals the
trends reached towards
normalcy during the 90lh day of treatment, whereas in Group D
animals it reached normalcy within 60th day of the therapy, thus
showing the efficacy of the present formulation-2
The result of these experiments clearly showed the ability of
newly formulated mineral mixture (Supplement 2) for balancing the

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ration of lactating and growing animals in respect of mineral

content.
3.3. Economic assessment of mineral mixture supplementation
3.3 la. Effect of mineral supplementation on lactating crossbred
cows:
Initial difference in the milk yield of healthy cows of Group A and
deficient cows of Group D was 3.245 Litre (L) equivalent to
43.261%. After feeding of the mineral supplement for 90 days
milk yield was 7.58 L in Group A and 5.85 L in Group D. The
difference in milk yield of cows from initial 3.245 L decreased to
1.73 L only, which in terms of percentage worked out to be
22.823% against the initial 43.261% i.e. an improvement of
20.428%.
This increase of 1.73 L was due to feeding of proposed mineral
mixture (o)50g/cow/day. The cost of mineral mixture is about Rs
16/K.g, ie mineral supplementation expenditure per cow per day
was 80 paise and increase in milk yield was 1.73 L, of the value
of I 73 X 14 =Rs 24.22. Hence the net profit works out to be Rs.
23.42/cow/day.
Average lactation yield of a cross bred cow is about 2100 L in
305 days The value of this milk ( This effect was observed in
deficient cows, but if supplementation will start during the last
trimester of the pregnancy the milk yield is expected to be
standard 2100 L. A gain of 802 L at a value of Rs 11,228/- at the
additional cost of Rs 72/- only.
3.31 b Effect of mineral supplementation on Body Weight of
Cattle calves:
The average body weight of healthy animals of Group A at about
270 days of age was 135 kg and average daily body weight gain
during the 90 days period was about 0.4 Kg. Thus these calves
were expected to attain 300 Kg body weight at about 683 days of
age. In Group D average body weight of deficient calves was
about 115 Kg and body weight gain was about 293 g/day initially
which improved to 411g/day after supplement of mineral mixture
(a) 30g/day and these calves could have taken 887 days which
is expected to reduce to 733days
resulting in saving of 154 days of feeding and management
practices in rearing at the cost of 13.89 kg mineral mixture
costing Rs 222/-. Had there not been supplementation of mineral
mixture the calves were expected to attain 254 kg against 300-kg
body wt. in a feeding period of 463 days resulting in a deficit gain
of 46 kg The cost of 46 kg @ Rs 20/kg live weight is Rs 920/-
resulting into profit of (920-222) Rs 698,'-.
3.3 Ic Body Weight of Cattle Heifers:
The average body weight of healthy heifers was 205 kg at 540
days which worked out to be 0.33 kg daily gain in body weight. At
this rate these heifers may take another 285 days to attain 300
kg body weight fit for breeding the cross bred heifers. Thus, the
total age will be 825 days. In Group D during 540 days, daily gain
in body weight was only 0.23 kg which improved to more than
0.33 kg /day during the experimental period of mineral supplement
feeding. With this rate these heifers will attain 300 kg body
weight at 990 days of age Had there been no supplementation
the heifers will require 1192 days for attaining 300 kg body

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weight. Thus saving 197 days of feeding and management

practices.
3.32a. Effect of mineral supplementation on lac tat ing buffaloes:
Initial difference in the milk yield of healthy buffaloes of Group A
and deficient buffaloes of Group D was 2.285 L equivalent to
32.60%. After feeding of the mineral supplement for 90 days the
difference in milk yield of buffaloes decreased to 0.644 L only,
which in terms of percentage worked out to be 9.025% against
the initial difference of 32.60% i.e. an improvement of 23.575%.
This increase of 0.644 L was due to feeding of proposed mineral
mixture )50g/buffalo/day. The cost of mineral mixture is about Rs
16/Kg, i.e. mineral supplementation expenditure per Buffalo per
day was 80 paise and increase in milk yield was 0.644 L, of the
value of 0.644 X 16 =Rs 10:30 . Hence the net profit works out to
be Rs. 9.50 per day.
Average lactation yield of a buffalo is about 1525 kg in 305 days
The value of this milk (w Rs 16/kg is Rs 24,400. In the case of
deficient buffalo of Group D it was expected to be 1441 L of the
value of Rs 23,056/- against the potential of 1525 L equivalent to
Rs 24,400. Thus, a gain of Rs. 1344/- on an expenditure of Rs
305/-. Hence a net gain of Rs I039/-.
3.32b Effect of mineral supplementation on Body Weight of
Buffalo calves:
The average body weight of healthy animals of Group A at about
270 days of age was 140 kg and average daily body weight gain
during the 90 days period was about 0.4 Kg. Thus these calves
were expected to attain 300 Kg body weight at about 670 days of
age. In Group D average body weight of deficient calf was about
109 Kg and body weight gain was about 302 g/day initially which
improved to 436 g/day after supplementation of mineral mixture
@ 30g/day and these calves could have taken 907 days which is
expected to reduce to 748 days resulting in saving of 159 days
of feeding and management practices in rearing at the cost of
14.34 kg mineral mixture costing Rs 229/-. Had there not been
supplementation of mineral mixture the calves were expected to
attain 252 kg against 300 kg body wt. In a feeding period of 478
days resulting in a deficit gain of 48 kg. The cost of 48 kg @ Rs
20/kg live weight is Rs 960/- resulting into profit of (960-229) Rs
73 1 -.
3.32c Body Weight of Buffalo Heifers:
The average body weight of healthy heifers was 226 kg at 540
days which worked out to be 0.4 kg daily gain in body weight. At
this rate these heifers may take another 185 days to attain 300
kg body weight fit for breeding the buffalo heifers. Thus the total
age will be 725 days. In-Group D during 540 day daily gain in
body weight was only 0 27 kg which improved to more than 0.35
kg /day during the experimental period of mineral supplement
feeding With this rate these heifers will attain 300 kg body weight
at 897 days of age. Had there been no supplementation the
heifers will require 1003 days for attaining 300 kg body weight
Thus saving 106 days of feeding and management practices.
3.4. Procedure: -
For preparation of One Quintal of mineral mixture all the
ingredients were fine ground individually and mixing was done on

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a thick polyethylene sheet of 3mX2m size

Ground salts of Dicalcium phosphate, Common salt and Calcium
carbonate were mixed thoroughly on a plastic sheet to make
homogeneous mixture A.
Salts of Magnesium sulphate, Copper Sulphate, Manganese
Oxide and Zinc Oxide were mixed thoroughly in a plastic basin to
make homogeneous mixture B.
Ground salts of Ferrous Sulphate, Cobalt Sulphate, Potassium
Iodide, Sodium Selinete along with Vitamin A and E were mixed
thoroughly in a plastic basin to make homogeneous mixture C.
Mixture B and C were thoroughly mixed in a plastic basin to make
homogenous mixture D.
Now this mixture D was thoroughly mixed with Five Kg of mixture
A and then with the remaining part of mixture A to make the entire
lot of homogeneous mixture of different elements
Final mineral mixture was packed in water proof polythene bags
of Five kg which was used for feeding animals under test.
NOTE: (For the preparation of bulk mixture same procedure will
be followed but suitable machine will be used for the preparation
of the homogenous mineral mixture.)
3.5. Advantages: -
*J* Ingredients easily available
•t* Method of preparation simple
•J* Long self life
* Can be packed in various packing
•t* Can be used by unskilled or illiterate farmer
* No harmful or side effects at recommended level.
•J* More effective, as it caters to the area specific deficiency
References
Abdelrahaman, M.M., Kincad, P.L. and Elzubejr, E.A. (1998).
Mineral deficiencies in grazing dairy cattle in kordofan and darfur
regions in lalestern Sudan. Tropical Animal Health and Production
30: 123-135.
McDowell, L.R., Conrad, J.H. Ellis, G.L. and 1 oosli, J.K. (1983).
"Minerals for Grazing Ruminants in Tropical Regions" bull, Univ.
Fl. Coop. Ext. Serv. Univ. of Florida, Gainesville, Florida.
TABLE-1 SHOWING MEAN GAIN IN MILK YIELD AFTER
TREATMENT (CATTLE)
(Table Removed)
Group A- Normal Healthy animals
Group B- Animal provided with mixture available in market
Group C- Animals provide with newly formulated Supplementation
1
Group D- Animals provide with newly formulated Supplementation
11
(X = Number of animals taken)
TABLE-2 SHOWING MEAN GAIN IN MILK MELD AFTER
TREATMENT (BUFFALO)
(Table Removed)
Group A- Normal Healthy animals
Group B- Animal provided with mixture available in market
Group C- Animals provide with newly formulated Supplementation
1
Group D- Animals provide with newly formulated Supplementation

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11
(X = Number of animals taken)
TABLE-3 SHOWING MEAN CAIN IN BODY WEIGHT AFTER
TREATMENT (CATTLE)

(Table Removed)
Group A- Normal Healthy animals
Group B- Animal provided with mixture available in market
Group C- Animals provide with newly formulated Supplementation
1
Group D- Animals provide with newly formulated Supplementation
11
(X = Number of animals taken)
TABLE-4 SHOWING MEAN DAILY GAIN IN BODY WEIGHT
AFTER TREATMENT (BI II ALOES
(Table Removed)
Group A- Normal Healthy animals
Group B- Animal provided with mixture available in market
Group C- Animals provide with newly formulated Supplementation
1
Group D- Animals provide with newly formulated Supplementation
11
(X = Number of animals taken)

TABLE 5 SHOWING EFFICACY OF VARIOUS SUPPLEMENTS

ON SERIM MINERAL PROFILE.
(Table Removed)
Group A- Normal Healthy animals
Group B- Animal pro\ided \\ilh mixture available in market
Group C- Animals provide \\ith nc\vly formulated Supplementation
1
Group D- Animals provide \\itli nc\\ly formulated Supplementation
11
(X = Number of animals taken)
T ABLE 6 SHONVIM, EH K ACY Ol VARIOUS SUPPLEMENTS
ON SERUM HAEMATOBIOCHEMICAL PROFILE

(Table Removed)

Group A- Normal Healthy animals

Group B- Animal provided with mixture available in market
Group C- Animals provide with newly formulated Supplementation
1
Group D- Animals provide with newly formulated Supplementation
1

I/We Claim that:

(1).The synergistic mineral mixture for increasing milk yield in

cattle which comprises mixing of dicalcium phosphate 60%,
calcium carbonate 20%, Magnesium oxide 8%, Ferrous sulphate

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0.10%, copper sulphate 0.60%, cobalt sulphate 0.10%, Zinc

oxide 1.35%, Mangenese oxide 0.15%, Potassium iodate 0.2%,
Sodium selinite 0.01%, Brewer's yeast 1.0%, salt 8.39% and
Vitamin A 200000 I.U., Vitamin D3 40000 I.U. and Vitamin E 30
I.U.

Documents:
http://ipindiaservices.gov.in/documents/1399-DEL-2003/1399-del-2003-
abstract.pdf (http://ipindiaservices.gov.in/documents/1399-DEL-2003/1399-
del-2003-abstract.pdf)

http://ipindiaservices.gov.in/documents/1399-DEL-2003/1399-del-2003-
claims.pdf (http://ipindiaservices.gov.in/documents/1399-DEL-2003/1399-
del-2003-claims.pdf)

http://ipindiaservices.gov.in/documents/1399-DEL-2003/1399-DEL-2003-
Correspondence-Others-(01-11-2010).pdf (http://ipindiaservices.gov.in
/documents/1399-DEL-2003/1399-DEL-2003-Correspondence-
Others-(01-11-2010).pdf)

http://ipindiaservices.gov.in/documents/1399-DEL-2003/1399-DEL-2003-
Correspondence-Others-(30-06-2009).pdf (http://ipindiaservices.gov.in
/documents/1399-DEL-2003/1399-DEL-2003-Correspondence-
Others-(30-06-2009).pdf)

http://ipindiaservices.gov.in/documents/1399-DEL-2003/1399-del-2003-
correspondence-others.pdf (http://ipindiaservices.gov.in/documents/1399-
DEL-2003/1399-del-2003-correspondence-others.pdf)

http://ipindiaservices.gov.in/documents/1399-DEL-2003/1399-del-2003-
correspondence-po.pdf (http://ipindiaservices.gov.in/documents/1399-
DEL-2003/1399-del-2003-correspondence-po.pdf)

http://ipindiaservices.gov.in/documents/1399-DEL-2003/1399-del-2003-
description%20(complete).pdf (http://ipindiaservices.gov.in/documents
/1399-DEL-2003/1399-del-2003-description%20(complete).pdf)

http://ipindiaservices.gov.in/documents/1399-DEL-2003/1399-del-2003-
drawings.pdf (http://ipindiaservices.gov.in/documents/1399-DEL-2003
/1399-del-2003-drawings.pdf)

http://ipindiaservices.gov.in/documents/1399-DEL-2003/1399-del-2003-
form-1.pdf (http://ipindiaservices.gov.in/documents/1399-DEL-2003/1399-
del-2003-form-1.pdf)

http://ipindiaservices.gov.in/documents/1399-DEL-2003/1399-DEL-2003-
Form-15-(01-11-2010).pdf (http://ipindiaservices.gov.in/documents/1399-
DEL-2003/1399-DEL-2003-Form-15-(01-11-2010).pdf)

http://ipindiaservices.gov.in/documents/1399-DEL-2003/1399-del-2003-
form-19.pdf (http://ipindiaservices.gov.in/documents/1399-DEL-2003/1399-
del-2003-form-19.pdf)

http://ipindiaservices.gov.in/documents/1399-DEL-2003/1399-del-2003-
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