NAME: MUYOT, GABRIEL JOSE E.

DATE: 02 October 2017

YR & SEC.: 5th Yr. Sec. 1_ RATING: _________________

GROUP NO.:______________ INSTRUCTOR: Engr. AIVEN DELA ROSA

Activity No. 12
Landing Performance Analysis

Item Sea Level (Standard Symbols Values Remarks

No. Conditions)
1 Flap Angle, deg δf 30 Given
2 Landing Weight, lb W 1940.8880 0.95 Gross Weight
CL maxδ f
1.64 C L =C L maxδ f maxδ f

3 Maximum CL with δf=30 + Δf Cl MAX

4 2W VS 52.8513

5
Stall Speed=
√
ρC L S max
,mph

Approach Speed ¿ 1.3 V S ,mph(L )

VA
( L)

68.7067
6 Touchdown Speed¿ 1.15 V S , mph (L )
VTD 60.7790
7 w CL 1.1822
CL = A

(1/2) ρ V A2 S
7A CL during ground run (IGE) CL 1.4883 CL
C L =C L
Taxi α ( IG E)
−C L
( IGE) (OGE)
CL α (OGE)
α ( IGE

8 CD at Approach Speed CD A
0.1601 C D =0.086+ 0.053C L2
A

9 Descent Angle, rad γ 0.5733

CD TA
= −
CL WA

10 Air Distance, ft SA 8425.7319 SA

V A 2−V TD 2
¿
W
D−T [( 2g
+ hf ) ]
11 Free Roll Distance, ft SFR 178.2851 SFR=VTDtFR
tFR=1.9sec

Item Sea Level (Standard Symbols Values Remarks

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No. Conditions)
12 Static Braking Force, lb FS 1164.5328
FS= μ B W

13 CL during Ground Run CL T (OGE)

1.3222 C L =C L T (OGE) ( OGE)
+∆ CL
13a CL during Ground Run with CL T (IGE)
1.4883 C L =C C
T (IGE) L ∝( IGE)
−C L Δ α O
∝( IGE)
L (IGE)
Ground Effect CL∝ (OGE)

14 C D Corresponding to C LT (OGE)
CD T (OGE)
0.2034 CD T (OGE)
=0.098+0.053
15 Ground Effect Factor σ' 0.2632 h
1−1.32( )
b
h
1.05+7.47( )
b
16 Decrease in C D , IGE
i
𝛥C D I
0.0193
C L(OGE )2
-σ’
πA
17 CD in Ground Run, CD + C D i
CD T
0.1841 C D =C D + ΔC D
T T (OGE) I

18 Breaking Force at the FB 253.7887 TE Assumed Zero

Beginning of Applying Brakes
=
1
μ B W −T E −( μ B C L−C D )( ) ρV TD S
T
2
19 FB/ FS 0.2179
20 W V TD
2
Fm 597.7547 FB
Fm= 1−
2 g Fm FS
K=
F
ln S
FB ( )
21 Ground Run Distance, ft SB 400.9704
2
W V TD
Fm=
2 g Fm
22 Total Distance, ft SL 9004.9874
S L=S A + S FR+ S B

For Computation of Total Landing Distance, S L:

For θ f :

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 θ f = cos−1 2 ( Cć −1)
f

Where:
C f = 1.05 ft

ć = 4.23 ft

1.05 ft
θ f = cos−1 2 ( 4.23 ft
−1 )
θ f = 120.2349 °

For Δf C l :
MAX

Δf C l MAX
= 2δ f sinθ f ; δ f = 30o

o π
Δf C l = 2(30 x ¿ sin(120.2349°
MAX
180o
Δf C l MAX
= 0.9047

Note: For moderate tapered wings, the numerical value of Swf/S is approximately
equal to the factors kb.
Where:
bf = 5.63 ft
b/2 = 16.0750 ft
bf 5.63 ft t
=
b/2 16.0750 ft
bf
= 0.3502
b/2

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In fig. 4.24:
bf
At = 0.3502, K b = 0.43
b/2

For Δ fC L :
MAX

Δ fC L = 0.92 Δf C l K b cos Λ c/ 2
MAX MAX

Δ fC L = 0.92(0.9047)( 0.43)cos ⁡(0 o)

MAX

Δ fC L = 0.3579
MAX

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For C L δ f :
MAX

C L δ f = C L + Δ fC L
MAX MAX MAX

Where:
CL MAX
= 1.64
C L δ f = 1.64 + 0.3579
MAX

C L δ f = 1.9979
MAX

For V S in Landing:

V S(L) = (√ Ws )( 2ρ )( C 1 δ )
LMAX f

Where:
W = (2043.04 lb)(0.95)
W = 1940.8880 lb

( 1940.8880 lbb 2 1
V S(L) =
√ 2
136.036 ft ) (0.002377 ) )
slug
ft 3
( 1.9979

V S(L) = 77.5152 fps x ( 1522 )

V S(L) = 52.8513 mph

For Approach Speed, V A :

V A = 1.3 V S(L)

V A = 1.3(52.8513 mph)

V A = 68.7067 mph

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For Touchdown Speed, V TD :
V TD = 1.15 V S(L)

V TD = 1.15(52.8513 mph)

V TD = 60.7790 mph

For Lift Coefficient at Approach Speed, C L A:

W
CLA = 1
ρV A 2 s
2
1940.8880 lb
CLA = 1 slug 22 2
2 (
(0.002377 3 ) 68.7067 mph x
ft 15 )
(136.036 ft 2 )

C L A = 1.1822

For Drag Coefficient at Approach Speed, C DA :

From Polar Drag Equation:
C DA = 0.086+ 0.053C L A2 (Dirty Airplane)

C DA = 0.086 + 0.053(1.1822)2

C DA = 0.1601

For Descent Angle, γ:

CDA T
γ= -
C LA W
375THP AV 375( 44.60 hp)
T= T= = 243.4260 lb
VA (68.7067 mph)
0.1601 243.4260lb
γ= -
1.1822 1940.8880lb

180o
γ = (0.0531 rad.) x ( )
π

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 γ = 0.5733o

For Drag At Approach, D A :

1
D A= C D A ρ V A2 s
2

1 slug 22 2
D A = (0.1601) (0.002377 3 ) 68.7067 mph x
2 ft (
15 ) 2
(136.036 ft )

D A = 262.8484 lbs

For Air Distance, S A :

SA =
| [(
W
D A −T
V A2 −V TD2
2g )+h f ]|
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 22 2 22 2
SA =
|
( 1940.8880lb
262.8484 lb−243.4260lbs

S A = 8425.7319 ft
) [ ( 68.7067 x
15

2(
) (
− 60.7790 x

32.174 ft
s2
)
15 ) +50 ft
]|

For Free Roll Distance, S FR:

S FR = V TD t FR

Where:
t FR = 2.0 sec (Assumed)

22
(
S FR = 60.7790 mph x
15)(2 s)

S FR = 178.2851 ft

For Fs=𝞵W= 0.6(1940.8880 lb)=1164.5328 lb

For ΔC lf :

ΔC lf = 2δ f ( τ + sinτ )

Where:

τ = cos−1 ( 2 x f −1 )

Cf
xf = 1 -
ć
1.05 ft
xf = 1 -
4.23 ft
x f = 0.7518

τ = cos−1 [ 2( 0.7518)−1 ]

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 o π
τ = 59.7615 x
180o
τ = 1.0430 rad

π
( o
ΔC lf = 2 30 x
180o
¿
)
ΔC lf = 1.9970

For k c:
From Fig. 4.23:
C f 1.05 ft
At = = 0.2482 , (α δ )C = 0.64
ć 4.23 ft

Then,
At A = 7.6 , k c = 1.075

C Lα
For :
C lα

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 A
C Lα
tan 2 Λ c/ 2
=
√
C lα 2+ A 2 1+
( β
+4)
Where:

β = √ 1−M 2

For M:
Vo
M=
Va

Where:

V DES = V o = (142.37 mph) x ( 2215 )

V DES = V o = 208.8093 ft/s

V a = 49.02√ 519° R = 1116.7526 fps

208.8093 fps
M=
1116.7526 fps
M =¿ 0.1870

β = √ 1−(0.1870)2

β = 0.9824
7.60
C Lα
(tan 0)2
=
√
C lα 2+ (7.60)2 1+
11
(
(0.9824)
+4 )
C Lα
= 0.7709
C lα

For ΔC L:

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 C Lα
ΔC L = ΔC lf ( ) k k
Clα c b

ΔC L = (1.9970) ( 0.7709 ) (1.075)(0.43)

ΔC L = 0.7116

For Lift Coefficient During Ground Run,C LT (OGE)

:
C LT (OGE)
= C L(OGE) + ΔC L

Where:
C L(OGE) = 0.6106

C LT (OGE)
=0.6106 + 0.7116
C LT (OGE)
= 1.3222

For Lift Coefficient During Ground Run with Ground Effect,C LT : (IGE)

C Lα (IGE)
C LT (IGE)
= C LT (OGE)
( )
Clα (OGE )
-C Lα (IGE)Δα o

3.9978 /rad 3.9978

C LT (IGE)
= (1.3222) ( 3.5112/rad
-
rad )(
x 0.0043rad )
C LT (IGE)
= 1.4883

For Drag Coefficient During Ground Run to C DT :

(OGE)

From Polar Drag Equation:

2
C DT (OGE)
= 0.086 + 0.053 C LT (Dirty Airplane)
(IGE )

C DT (OGE)
= (0.086) + (0.053)(1.4883)2
C DT (OGE)
= 0.2034

For ΔC Di :

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 2
C LT
ΔC Di = -σ ' (OGE)

πA
Where:

σ ' = 0.2632 (Taken From Take-Off Analysis)

(1.3222)2
ΔC Di = -(0.2632)
π (7.60)

ΔC Di = - 0.0193

For Drag Coefficient in Ground Run, C DT : (IGE)

C DT = C DT
(IGE) (OGE)
+ ¿ΔC Di

C DT = 0.2034+ ¿(-0.0193)
(IGE)

C DT = 0.1841
(IGE)

Static Force, Fs
F S=µ B W −T e

F S=¿(0.6)(1940.8880 lb)

F S=¿ 1164.5328 lb

Dynamic Pressure at V = VTD ; q́ TD

1
q́ TD = ρV TD 2
2
2
slug 22
(
q́ TD =( 1/2 ) 0.002377
ft 3 )(
60.7790 mph x
15 )
lb
q́ TD =¿ 9.4443
ft 2

BRAKING FORCE, FB

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 F B=µ B W −Te−( µ B C L−C D ) q́TD S ; AT V = VTD

WHERE:

CL = C L T (IGE)
= 1.4883

CD = C D T (IGE )
= 0.1841

lb
|
F B= ( 0.6 ) ( 1940.8880lb )−[ ( 0.6 )( 1.4883 ) −0.1841 ] (9.4443
ft 2 |
)(136.036 ft 2 ) ¿

F B=¿ 253.7887 lb

BRAKING DISTANCE, SB
2
W V TD
S B= ·
2 g FM

WHERE:
Fm = KFS
FB
1−
FS
K=
F
ln S
FB

253.7887 lbs
1−
1164.5328 lbs
K=
1164.5328 lbs
ln
253.7887 lbs
K = 0.5133
Fm = (0.5133)(1164.5328 lb)
Fm = 597.7547 lb

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 2
22
S B=
1940.8880 lb

[(
2 32.174
ft
sec 2
[) ] (
·
60.7790 mph x

597.7547lb
15 ) ]
S B=400.9704 ft

TOTAL LANDING DISTANCE, SL

SL = SA + SFR + SB
SL =8425.7319 ft + 178.2851 ft +400.9704 ft
SL = 9004.9874 ft

Geometry to Take-off Flare Path For Landing Analysis

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Where:
SA = 8425.7319 ft
SFR = 178.2851 ft
SB = 400.9704 ft
SL = 9004.9874 ft
γ = 0.5733 deg
VA = 68.7068 mph
VTD =60.7790 mph

CONCLUSION

Upon the completion of this activity I was able to determine the landing
performance of my designed aircraft. Data from previous activities were utilized in
order to complete the analysis of the designed aircraft’s landing performance.
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