Aromatic Extracts: Product Dossier No. 92/101

product dossier no.
92/101
aromatic extracts
Prepared by CONCAWE's Petroleum Products and Health Management Groups
Reproduction permitted with due acknowledgement
 CONCAWE
Brussels
May 1992
I
product dossier no. 92/101
ABSTRACT
This dossier summarizes the health, safety and environment data currently available
on Aromatic extracts.
KEYWORDS
Aromatic extracts, DAE, RAE, toxicity, health, classification, review
NOTE
Considerable efforts have been made to assure the accuracy and reliability of the information
contained in this publication. However, neither CONCAWE nor any company participating in
CONCAWE can accept liability for any loss, damage or injury whatsoever resulting from the use
of this information.
This report does not necessarily represent the views of any company participating in CONCAWE.
II
CONTENTS Page
PREFACE IV
1. INTRODUCTION 1
2. PRODUCT DESCRIPTION 2
3. TYPICAL PROPERTIES 3
4. TOXICITY 4
4.1. ACUTE TOXICITY 4
4.1.1. Distillate Aromatic Extracts (DAEs) 4
4.1.2. Residual Aromatic Extracts (RAEs) 4
4.1.3. Other Extracts 4
4.2. SUBACUTE TOXICITY 5
4.2.1. Distillate Aromatic Extracts (DAE) 5
4.2.2. RAEs and Other Aromatic Extracts 6
4.3. CARCINOGENICITY 6
4.3.1. Distillate Aromatic Extracts (DAE) 6
4.3.2. Residual Aromatic Extracts (RAE) 7
4.3.3. Other Aromatic Extracts 8
4.4. MUTAGENICITY 8
4.5. REPRODUCTIVE TOXICITY 8
4.5.1. Distillate Aromatic Extracts (DAEs) 8
4.5.2. RAEs and Other Aromatic Extracts 9
5. HEALTH HAZARDS 10
5.1. INHALATION 10
5.2. INGESTION 10
5.3. ASPIRATION 10
5.4. SKIN CONTACT 10
5.5. EYE CONTACT 10
6. EXPOSURE LIMITS 11
7. SAFE HANDLING ADVICE 12

7.1. PRECAUTIONS TO BE TAKEN 12
8. EMERGENCY TREATMENT 14
8.1. INGESTION 14
8.2. ASPIRATION 14
8.3. SKIN CONTACT 14
8.4. EYE CONTACT 14
8.5. INFORMATION FOR DOCTORS 14
9. DISPOSAL 15
10. FIRE AND EXPLOSION HAZARDS 16
11. ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS 17
12. REFERENCES 18
III
PREFACE
This product dossier is one in a series of 11 on the following major groups of

petroleum products:
- Liquefied petroleum gas
- Gasolines
- Kerosines/jet fuels
- Gas oils (diesel fuels/heating oils)
- Heavy fuel oils
- Lubricating oil basestocks
- Aromatic extracts
- Waxes and related products
- Bitumens and bitumen derivatives
- Petroleum coke
- Crude oil
These product dossiers are being prepared by CONCAWE to provide, for each
major product group, comprehensive information covering:
- Product description, uses and typical properties
- Toxicology, health aspects and fire, explosion and environmental

hazards
- Recommended exposure limits
- Advice on handling, emergency treatment and disposal
- Entries in the European Inventory of Existing Commercial Chemical

Substances (EINECS) which cover these groups
IV
1. INTRODUCTION
This dossier collates the available health, safety and environmental data on the
generic class of petroleum substances known as aromatic extracts. Such
substances are mostly marketed as finished products, but some are subjected to
further processing and may be regarded as intermediates.
1
2. PRODUCT DESCRIPTION
Aromatic extracts are complex mixtures of hydrocarbons resulting from the

treatment of various refinery streams by solvent extraction processes. In these
refining processes, the hydrocarbon feedstocks are treated with solvents such as
furfural, n-methylpyrrolidone, sulphur dioxide or phenol, which selectively extract the
aromatic and heterocyclic materials into solution. After recovery of the solvents for
re-use, the resultant products are called aromatic extracts.
The nature of the aromatic extract depends on the characteristics of the feedstock
used; three categories of extract can be identified:
− If the feedstock is a distillate stream from a vacuum distillation process, the

resultant extract is known as a distillate aromatic extract (DAE). Such
materials are commonly produced as a by-product of the production of
high-quality lubricating oil basestocks.
− If the feedstock is the residue from a vacuum distillation process, the

resultant extract is known as a residual aromatic extract (RAE). These
materials are generally of higher molecular weight range and higher
viscosity than corresponding DAEs.
− Aromatic extracts can also be produced from other refinery streams such as
naphtha or straight run gasoline, kerosine and gas oil resulting from the
atmospheric distillation of crude oil. Streams resulting from secondary
refining processes such as catalytic cracking and hydrocracking, can also
be treated to produce aromatic extracts. Aromatic extracts derived from
gasoline streams are simpler mixtures of low molecular weight aromatic
compounds such as benzene, toluene and xylene. They are used as
feedstocks for the chemical industry and are outside the scope of this
document.
It should be noted that any of these aromatic extracts may undergo further
treatment, such as hydrotreatment (hydrogenation), hydrodesulphurization, clay or
acid treatment, or further solvent extraction.
Aromatic extracts are used in applications where their good solvent characteristics
are valuable, for example in the manufacture of rubber and plastics, bitumens and
printing inks. In addition, they are used as feedstocks in the production of carbon
black and aromatic petroleum resins.
The European Inventory of Existing Commercial Chemical Substances (EINECS)

includes 41 aromatic extracts.
Of these:
− 6 cover untreated DAEs,

− 18 cover treated DAEs,
− 2 cover RAEs,
− 15 are aromatic extracts from other refinery streams.
These EINECS entries are listed in Appendices 1 - 4.
2
3. TYPICAL PROPERTIES
Properties of aromatic extracts would normally be expected to fall in the following

ranges:
Table 1 Physical chemical properties of aromatic extracts
Property Unit Method Distillate (DAE) Residual (RAE)
Boiling range °C ASTM D 2887 250 - 680 > 380

Pour Point °C ASTM D 97 -6 to +36 > +20
Vapour pressure, 20°C hPa OECD 104 < 0.1 < 0.1
Water solubility, 20°C m/l OECD 105 1.4 - 5.8 sparingly
Flash point closed cup °C ASTM D 93 150 - 270 > 250
Autoignition temperature °C DIN 51794 250 - 410 > 380
3
Density, 15°C kg/dm ASTM D 1298 0.95 - 1.03 0.96 – 1.02
2
Viscosity, kinematic 40°C * Mm /s ASTM D 445 5 - 18 000 > 4000
2
Viscosity, kinematic 100°C Mm /s ASTM D 445 3 – 60 60 – 330
Average molecular mass - ASTM D 2887 300 - 580 > 400
Carbon number range - ASTM D 2887 C15 - C54 > C 25
Aromatic content %m ASTM D 2007 65 – 85 60 – 80
DMSO extract ** %m IP 346 10 – 30 Not applicable
Note: * Viscosity measurements at 40°C may be subject to error due to non-Newtonian flow effects close
to the pour point.
** Method IP346 measures DMSO extractable material which includes polycyclic aromatic
compounds as well as other constituents.
3
4. TOXICITY
4.1. ACUTE TOXICITY
4.1.1. Distillate Aromatic Extracts (DAEs)
Studies have been reported for only two samples of untreated aromatic extracts,
one derived from light and the other from heavy paraffinic distillates (Table 2).
The oral LD50 of these two extracts in the rat has been reported to be greater than 5
g/kg. 1,2 Dermal LD50 values in the rabbit on the same two samples were greater
than 2 g/kg. 1,3
Although similar data are not available for other DAEs, they would not be expected
to be more acutely toxic than the extracts tested.
The light paraffinic distillate solvent extract was found to be a severe irritant to the
skin1 in a 24 hour occluded patch test (Draize test) with a primary irritation index of
5.4 on a possible scale of 8.0. The heavy paraffinic distillate solvent extract, a higher
viscosity material, was found to be virtually non-irritant. 4 In view of the difference in
skin irritancy potential for the two samples tested it is considered that the available
database is too small to provide soundly-based advice on the skin irritancy of all
DAEs.
Neither of the two samples caused more than minimal eye irritation in a Draize
rabbit eye test. 1,5 Although no similar data are available for other DAEs, they would
not be expected to be more irritant to the eye than the DAEs which have been
tested.
A skin sensitization study using a closed patch technique in guinea pigs

demonstrated that a sample of a light paraffinic distillate aromatic extract was not a
skin sensitizer. 1 No data are available on other DAEs but they would not be
expected to differ, since there is no evidence that hydrocarbons are sensitizers.
4.1.2. Residual Aromatic Extracts (RAEs)
No acute toxicity studies have been reported for residual aromatic extracts.
However, since they are of higher molecular weight and also of higher viscosity it is
expected that they will be no more acutely toxic or irritant than the distillate aromatic
extracts. Like the DAEs they would not be expected to be eye irritants nor skin
sensitizers.
4.1.3. Other Extracts
No acute toxicity studies have been reported for these extracts. However, it is
expected that they will be no more acutely toxic than the distillate aromatic extracts.
Although they, like the DAEs would not be expected to be eye irritants nor skin
sensitizers, there are no data to indicate their potential to cause skin irritation.
4
Table 2 Summary of available acute and subacute toxicity of distillate aromatic

extracts
Aromatic Extract of Light Aromatic Extract of Heavy

Paraffinic Distillate Paraffinic Distillate
CAS No. 64742-05-8 64742-04-7
ACUTE TOXICITY
Oral LD50 (Rat) > 5 g/kg > 5 g/kg

Dermal LD50 (Rabbit) > 3 g/kg > 2 g/kg
IRRITATION
Skin (Rabbit) Severe Irritant Non Irritant

Eye (Rabbit) Minimal Irritant Non Irritant
SENSITIZATION
Closed Patch (Guinea Pig) Non Sensitizing Not Determined
SUBACUTE DERMAL TOXICITY
28 Day Rat Study Dose levels: 250, 500, Dose levels: 30, 125, 500,
1000 mg/kg/day 2000 mg/kg/day
250 – Minimal skin irritant Systemic toxicity at all

500, 1000 – Moderate skin dose levels
irritant
4.2. SUBACUTE TOXICITY
4.2.1. Distillate Aromatic Extracts (DAE)
A solvent extract of a light paraffinic distillate (API Sample 83-16) was applied for 6
hours under occlusion 3 times per week for 4 weeks (12 applications) to the shaved
intact skin of groups of 10 male and 10 female rabbits at 250, 500 or 1000
mg/kg/day. Any residual material was removed from the skin using dry gauze pads
at the end of each exposure period. A similar group of rabbits which were sham
treated served as controls. No treatment-related effects were seen in mortality, body
weights, clinical signs, haematology, or clinical chemistry. Increased relative liver
weights occurred in the mid- and high-dose males, but no gross or microscopic
pathology was observed. Effects on the skin at the treatment site included
erythema, oedema, and dry, scaly, rough, crusted, red and/or fissured skin, which
appeared microscopically as hyperkeratosis and hyperplasia. The dermis was also
thickened. 6
5
In contrast to this, an untreated solvent extract of a heavy paraffinic distillate was

applied without occlusion 5 times per week for 13 weeks (65 applications) to the
shaved skin of groups of 10 male and 10 female Sprague-Dawley rats at doses of
30, 125, 500 and 2000 mg/kg/day. Any residual material was removed using dry
gauze pads 24 hours after the fifth dose each week. A similar group of rats which
were sham treated served as controls. In addition, groups of 10 male rats were
treated by gavage with the same DAE at either 125 or 500 mg/kg/day on the same
schedule.
Treatment-related mortality and decreased body weights were seen at 500 and
2000 mg/kg/day. Effects on the liver included increased weight (relative and
absolute) and hepatocellular necrosis at all dose levels. Effects on the thymus
included decreased thymus weight at all dose levels and decreased lymphocytic
cells in rats treated at the higher levels. Effects on bone marrow included decreased
cellularity of the marrow and decreased levels of red blood cells, haemoglobin and
haematocrit, and decreased platelets. A NOEL (No-Observed-Effect Level) could
not be determined because toxicity was seen even at the lowest dose level tested.
Similar toxicity was seen in the male rats treated orally with the DAE; however, less
toxicity was seen orally at each dose than at the corresponding dermal dose. 7
The subacute toxicity data available for aromatic extracts indicate that some may
cause systemic toxicity. Summary data available for a range of petroleum streams
suggest that these effects may be related to their content of PACs and nitrogen-
containing PACs. 7 There are however, insufficient data available to allow prediction
of systemic toxicity for all DAEs solely on the basis of their content of PACs and
nitrogen-containing PACs. 7
4.2.2. RAEs and Other Aromatic Extracts
No subacute toxicity data are available on either RAEs or other aromatic extracts. It
is not possible to predict the likely toxicity of these aromatic extracts on the basis of
the studies on DAEs which have been summarized in Section 4.2.1.
4.3. CARCINOGENICITY
4.3.1. Distillate Aromatic Extracts (DAE)
It is generally accepted that the carcinogenic activity of petroleum products is

related to their content of PACs (including PAH), some of which (mainly the 4 to 6
ring compounds, including heterocyclics and with short side chains) are known to be
carcinogens. 8 Vacuum distillates can be rendered non-carcinogenic by solvent
extraction which reduces the PAC content to a sufficiently low level. The extracts
from the solvent extraction process (known as distillate aromatic extracts) contain
relatively high concentrations of PACs and as a consequence are expected to be
carcinogenic.
Based on their 1983 review of available evidence in the published literature, the
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) concluded that there was
sufficient evidence that aromatic oils including DAEs are carcinogenic to animals. 9
A similar conclusion was reached for the untreated vacuum distillates from which
DAEs are obtained. Studies by Kane et al 10, Doak et al 11, the American Petroleum
Institute 12 and Gradiski et al 13, confirming this carcinogenic activity of DAEs are
6
summarized in Table 3 below. It should be noted that all these data derive from
mouse skin painting bioassays.
The studies by Doak et al 11 also indicate that, as with vacuum distillates, the
carcinogenic activity of distillate aromatic extracts can be reduced by
hydrotreatment.
Table 3 Summary of results of skin carcinogenicity studies in mice with distillate

aromatic extracts
Description of Material Dosing Regime Duration Observation PAC content Ref

Tested in days (%)
Composite aromatic 50 mg, 560 Skin tumours in 39 of 50 mice. ND 10

extract 2x per week Malignant tumours in 35 mice.
Heavy paraffinic 25 mg, 560 Skin tumours in 39 of 40 mice. ND 10
distillate extract 2x per week Malignant tumours in 19 mice.
Heavy paraffinic 25 mg, 560 Skin tumours in 20 of 20 mice. ND 10
distillate extract 2x per week Malignant tumours in 16 mice.
Untreated LMO 0.2 ml, 546 Skin tumours in 41 of 48 mice. 19.7 11
extract 2x per week Metastasising tumours in 15 mice.
Hydrotreated MMO 0.2 ml 546 Skin tumours in 22 of 48 mice. 9.2 11
extract 2x per week Malignant tumours in 2 mice.
Hydrotreated MMO 0.2 ml, 546 Skin tumours in 23 of 48 mice. 8.7 11
extract 2x per week Metastasising tumours in 1 mouse.
Hydrotreated MMO 0.2 ml, 546 Skin tumours in 6 of 48 mice. 6.1 11
extract 2x per week Metastasising tumours in 1 mouse.
Hydrotreated MMO 0.2 ml, 546 Skin tumours in 7 of 48 mice. No 6.0 11
extract 2x per week metastasising tumours found.
Light paraffinic - - Skin tumours in 31 of 42 mice. ND 12
distillate extract Metastasising tumours in 1 mouse.
Light paraffinic 0.05 ml, 3x per - Skin tumours in 25 of 30 mice. 43.5 13
distillate extract week for 1 Malignant tumours in 15 mice.
month followed
by 1 ml, 2x per
week for 11
months
LMO – light machine oil

MMO – medium machine oil
ND – not determined
4.3.2. Residual Aromatic Extracts (RAE)
Vacuum residues are much less carcinogenic than distillates . 14 It is not surprising
therefore that RAEs are less carcinogenic than DAEs. The skin carcinogenicity data
available for RAEs are summarized in Table 4. Kane et al 10 reported weak
carcinogenic activity for two RAEs. A further study 15 showed weak activity (12%
mice with skin tumours and a mean latent period of 75 weeks) for a sample of RAE
(CAS No. 64742-10-5). Doak et al 11 found no carcinogenic activity with a sample of
hydrotreated RAE. In addition, studies with dilutions of RAEs (60% and 50%) in
solvent-refined oil showed weak or no carcinogenetic activity respectively when
applied to mouse skin. 15, 16
7
Roy et al 17 , have indicated that the predominantly higher boiling range vacuum
residues and RAEs contain highly alkylated 1-3 ring aromatic compounds and
smaller amounts of larger PACs which tend not to be carcinogenic. These materials
are either devoid of biological activity or are not bioavailable to the organisms. Thus
the PAC content alone of the RAEs cannot be used to reliably predict their
carcinogenic potential.
Table 4 Carcinogenicity of Residual Aromatic Extracts
Description % Mice with Reference

Tumours
Residual oil extract 12 10

(CAS No. 64742-10-5)
Hydrotreated residual oil extract 0 11
Residual oil extract diluted to 60% in 6 15

solvent refined oil
Bright stock extract diluted to 50% in 0 16

solvent refined oil
4.3.3. Other Aromatic Extracts
No carcinogenicity data are available on these aromatic extracts. However, it si

expected that they would be skin carcinogens if they contained significant amounts
of PACs, for example if they contain more than 3% DMSO extractables using the
IP 346 technique. 18
4.4. MUTAGENICITY
One sample of a light paraffinic distillate solvent extract (API sample 83-16) has
been shown to be positive in a mouse lymphoma assay both in the presence and
absence of metabolic activation. 19 The results of a modified Ames mutagenicity
assay were reported for a distillate aromatic extract and four hydrotreated machine
oil extracts. All 5 samples were positive in this assay.19 Although there are no data
available for other aromatic extracts, it is expected that those containing significant
levels of PACs will be mutagenic.
4.5. REPRODUCTIVE TOXICITY
4.5.1. Distillate Aromatic Extracts (DAEs)
An untreated heavy paraffinic distillate aromatic extract (CAS No. 64742-04-7) was
applied without occlusion on gestation days 0-19 to the shaved skin of groups of 10
female Sprague-Dawley rats at doses of 8, 30, and 125 mg/kg/day. Another group
8
received the DAE at 500 mg/kg/day on gestation days 0-16. A similar group of rats
which were sham treated served as controls. Increased resorptions were seen in
rats treated with 30 mg/kg/day or higher of the DAE. Treatment at 125 and 500
mg/kg/day also resulted in decreased foetal body weights.7
The applicability of these data to all DAEs, including treated DAEs, is not clear.
However, based on testing of eight refinery streams of varying composition,
increased resorptions and decreased foetal body weight correlated with the level of
3-5 ring PAHs, and decreased foetal body weight correlated with the level of
non-basic nitrogen containing PACs. There are however, insufficient data available
to allow prediction of effects on developmental toxicity for all DAEs solely on the
basis of their content of PACs and nitrogen-containing PACs. 7
4.5.2. RAEs and Other Aromatic Extracts
No reproductive toxicity data are available on either RAEs or other aromatic

extracts. It is not possible to predict the likely toxicity of these aromatic extracts on
the basis of the studies on DAEs which have been summarized in Section 4.5.1.
9
5. HEALTH HAZARDS
Based on the results of animal studies aromatic extracts must be regarded as

potential human skin carcinogens. They may cause skin cancer under conditions of
poor personal hygiene with repeated or prolonged exposure. They must be used
with special care and all forms of exposure should be minimized and avoided
entirely if possible.
5.1. INHALATION
Because of their low volatility, aromatic extracts produce insignificant amounts of

vapour at normal ambient temperatures and inhalation is therefore unlikely to be a
problem. However, aromatic extracts may be heated during use to a sufficiently high
temperature to produce low concentrations of vapour. Oil mist in the form of small
liquid droplets dispersed in air may also be generated. Although there is no direct
evidence, it is considered that prolonged or repeated inhalation of sufficient
concentrations of vapour or mist could lead to a benign form of lung fibrosis, or
possibly cancer of the respiratory tract. To avoid any likelihood of this occurring
inhalation of mist or vapour should be avoided, as far as reasonably practicable.
5.2. INGESTION
The physical nature of aromatic extracts makes ingestion unlikely during normal use
and therefore no hazard is anticipated. Small amounts could be ingested
("secondary ingestion" after inhalation) if there is exposure to high concentrations of
oil mist. This could result in irritation of the throat and upper gastrointestinal tract
and if repeated over a prolonged period may present a potential cancer risk.
5.3. ASPIRATION
The viscosity of most aromatic extracts makes their direct aspiration into the lungs
unlikely. Aspiration is more likely to follow ingestion and subsequent vomiting when
a mixture of aromatic extract and stomach contents might enter the respiratory tract.
This could cause respiratory irritation and immediate breathing difficulties; as well as
chemical pneumonitis.
5.4. SKIN CONTACT
Poor personal hygiene practices with repeated or prolonged skin contact may result
in effects ranging from dryness, erythema, dermatitis, oil acne and folliculitis to
development of warty growths which could become malignant.
5.5. EYE CONTACT
Contact with the eye, including that from exposure to mist, may result in transient
irritation and conjunctivitis. Burns from splashes of hot liquid may be a possibility if
aromatic extracts are heated for ease of handling.
10
6. EXPOSURE LIMITS
No exposure limit has been established for aromatic extracts. In 1986, CONCAWE
published an assessment of the broad classes of petroleum oils for which the
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) 8-hour
time-weighted average threshold limit value (TLV -TWA) of 5 mg/m3, adopted by
many countries in national lists of permissible exposure standards, is applicable. 20
This review concluded that "for products containing potentially carcinogenic oils, an
exposure limit below 5 mg/m3 would be prudent ". CONCAWE considers that the
following guidance, previously provided in 1981 21, is still applicable:
"Where exposure to mists from oil containing significant concentrations of polycyclic

aromatic hydrocarbons, such as aromatic extract oils, is likely to occur, some
guidance can be gained from the ACGIH TLV-TWA of 0.2 mg/m3 for particulate
polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (as benzene soluble material)".
This TLV was the basis for the standard for employee exposure to coal tar pitch
volatiles (0.2 mg/m3 as benzene solubles) adopted by the US Occupational Safety
and Health Administration (OSHA) in 1971. Coal tar pitch volatiles are defined by
OSHA as including the fused polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons which volatilize from
the distillation residues of coal, petroleum, wood and other organic matter.
In the case of aromatic extract oils, a portion of the benzene soluble material
consists of non-polycyclic aromatics, but there is also a significant PAC content and
exposure should be controlled to levels as low as reasonably practicable and in any
event to at least 0.2 mg/m3 TWA 8 hrs by analogy to the standard adopted by OSHA
for coal tar pitch volatiles.
11
7. SAFE HANDLING ADVICE
The principal health hazards are considered to be potential skin carcinogenicity and,
in the event of inhalation, a possible effect on the respiratory system. Exposure to
aromatic extracts should be controlled so as to minimize these risks to health.
Those who are responsible for the use of aromatic extracts, and others who may
come into contact with these materials, should be informed of possible harmful
effects and the importance of implementing appropriate precautions. Although the
primary aim is to ensure complete containment to prevent direct contact or release
of these materials into the work environment, this may not always be possible.
7.1. PRECAUTIONS TO BE TAKEN
In order of importance, the following measures should be instituted where possible:
SEGREGATION:
Handling of aromatic extracts should be confined within areas to which unauthorized
access is prevented. Mechanical handling methods should be employed to prevent
the risk of direct skin contact.
LOCAL EXHAUST VENTILATION:

If it is not possible to contain vapour or mist, local exhaust ventilation (LEV) should
be installed to capture and remove emissions near to the point of generation. The
contaminated air should be filtered before discharge to the outside of the building.
General dilution ventilation should NOT be considered as an option.
WORK METHOD/PROCEDURES:
Avoid heating aromatic extracts wherever possible since this will give rise to vapour
and fume. Where heating is necessary during handling and use, the temperature
should be kept as low as possible and LEV should be applied to capture and
remove the emissions close to their source.
PLANT/PROCESS DESIGN:
Processes using aromatic extracts should be designed to eliminate the formation of
aerosols. Where this cannot be accomplished, aerosols should be contained within
the machinery or captured and removed by LEV so that exposure will not occur.
Equipment should be designed to reduce the possibility of contamination during

routine maintenance. Work procedures should be such that direct access to
contaminated parts is unnecessary or kept to an absolute minimum. Contaminated
equipment should be cleaned before frequent or protracted maintenance work is
undertaken.
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT:

Where necessary, suitable gloves should be used to prevent skin contact.
Polyethylene provides good resistance to aromatic hydrocarbons; polyvinyl chloride
and neoprene may also be suitable but natural and butyl rubber are less
satisfactory. The condition of gloves should be checked before use. Gloves should
be frequently inspected for signs of wear, perforation and internal contamination and
should be discarded if any occurs.
12
Overalls should be changed frequently and dry cleaned. When clothing becomes
grossly contaminated, it should be changed immediately. Grossly contaminated
footwear should be discarded. Contaminated clothing should not be taken home for
laundering. Regular changing of underwear is also important if penetration of outer
clothing occurs. Oily rags should not be kept in overall pockets; disposable wipes
should be used whenever possible.
In the event of a major spillage, impermeable knee-length boots should be worn

during the clean up operation. Although eye splashes with cold aromatic extracts
are unlikely to cause any lasting harm, the use of a visor will help prevent
contamination of facial skin and is essential protection where there is a risk of
splashing with hot material.
Whenever aerosols, heavy mists or fumes are encountered such as in emergency

situations, respiratory protective equipment should be worn. A well-fitting disposable
mask incorporating a layer of activated charcoal offers satisfactory protection.
PERSONAL HYGIENE:
High standards of personal hygiene are essential at all times. Personal cleanliness
is a most important factor in skin care. Washing/showering facilities with a
non-solvent based skin cleanser, hot water and soap must be provided and used.
Use of skin reconditioning cream after work may assist replacing the natural fats
which may be removed by contamination and frequent washing. For all personnel
who may be potentially exposed to aromatic extracts, an important part of a skin
protection programme is to keep a careful watch on their skin and obtain medical
advice at the first sign of any abnormality such as discoloration, swelling or warty
growths especially if accompanied by soreness or itching. They should continue to
do so even after finishing such work or when in retirement since lesions may appear
many years after exposure has ceased.
MONITORING:
Use regular monitoring where necessary to check the working environment. Ensure
that correct work methods are followed, protective equipment and gloves are
properly used and good skin care procedures practised.
13
8. EMERGENCY TREATMENT
8.1. INGESTION
If aromatic extract has been ingested, do not induce vomiting or give anything by
mouth. Obtain medical attention immediately.
Note: Spontaneous vomiting is a likely consequence of ingestion, with the
associated risk of aspiration into the lungs. If vomiting begins, try to protect
the airway, by laying the patient down, prone position, face-down and
pulling the tongue forward.
8.2. ASPIRATION
If there is any suspicion that aspiration of aromatic extract into the lungs has
occurred directly or as a result of vomiting after ingestion, obtain medical assistance
urgently. Observe breathing and assist if necessary. Give oxygen if available.
8.3. SKIN CONTACT
Contaminated skin should be washed thoroughly with soap and warm water until all
contamination has been removed.
Note: Solvents should never be used to cleanse skin.
Grossly contaminated clothing should be removed as soon as reasonably possible,

dry cleaned and laundered, or disposed of if this is not possible.
In the event of skin burn following exposure to heated aromatic extract, if possible
immerse or run cold water over the affected part for at least 10 minutes. Gently
remove all non-adherent clothing, rings, watches, etc. as soon as possible. Do not
apply ointments, creams or powders; use specialized burns dressings if required.
Seek medical assistance urgently if necessary.
8.4. EYE CONTACT
If the eyes have been affected, they should be flushed gently with copious amounts
of water for up to 10 minutes. If irritation persists, obtain medical advice.
8.5. INFORMATION FOR DOCT ORS
The ingestion of significant amounts of aromatic extracts is an unlikely event. No

specific therapy is indicated although gastric lavage with cuffed endotracheal
protection can be undertaken. Casualties should otherwise be treated with
supportive measures appropriate to their condition.
14
9. DISPOSAL
Aromatic extracts are used for a variety of purposes some of which can lead to the
production of waste material for disposal. Such material can also arise following
accidental spillage. If material has to be disposed of, this should be done by mixing
with fuel oil and burning in an existing boiler facility. Otherwise, the best method of
disposal is by incineration. Deep well disposal and land filling are not considered
satisfactory methods of disposal for waste aromatic extracts.
Advice on handling waste or spilled material can be obtained from previously

published CONCAWE reports. 22, 23, 24, 25
15
10. FIRE AND EXPLOSION HAZARDS
Aromatic extracts normally have low volatility and high flash points. Therefore, there
are normally no particular fire and explosion hazards.
16
11. ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS
There are no published ecotoxicity data for aromatic extracts. Since aromatic
extracts consist of aromatic and naphthenic compounds of molecular weights
ranging upwards from 300 (15 carbon atoms and above), they are not likely to
produce water soluble fractions which are acutely toxic to aquatic organisms.
The densities of aromatic extracts are close to that of water, so that spilled materials
may float or sink. In either case, spilled material will cause mechanical damage to
the fauna and flora contacted.
The constituents of aromatic extracts are not readily biodegradable. However, they
are inherently biodegradable, although some time may be needed for adapted
microbial populations to develop. Thus aromatic extracts may persist for some time
as adsorbed residues particularly under anaerobic conditions.
17
12. REFERENCES
1. API (1986) Acute oral toxicity study in rats/acute dermal toxicity study in
rabbits/primary dermal irritation study in rabbits/primary eye irritation study in
rabbits/dermal sensitization study in guinea pigs of API sample 83-16. Study
conducted by Hazleton Laboratories. API Health Environ. Sci. Dep. Rep. 33-31226.
Washington DC: American Petroleum Institute
2. Food and Drug Research Laboratories (1974) Acute oral toxicity in rats,
Report 11514-74. Waverly NY: Food and Drug Research Laboratories
3. Food and Drug Research Laboratories (1974) Acute dermal toxicity study in rabbits.
4. Food and Drug Research Laboratories (1974) Primary skin irritation study.
5. Food and Drug Research Laboratories (1974) Eye irritation test in rabbits.
6. API (1986) 28-Day dermal toxicity study of API sample 83-16 in the rabbit. Study
conducted by Tegeris Laboratories. API Health Environ. Sci. Dep. Rep. 33-31695.
Washington DC: American Petroleum Institute
7. Mobil Research and Development Corporation (1990) Correlation of toxicity with

chemical composition of refinery streams. Submitted to Office of Toxic Substances,
US EPA, attn Section 8(e) Coordinator on EPA Document Control
Number: 8EHQ-1185-0576
8. Medical Research Council (1968) The carcinogenic action of mineral oils: a

chemical and biological study. Special Report Series No. 306. London: HMSO
9. IARC (1984) IARC Monographs on the evaluation of the carcinogenic risk of

chemicals to humans. Polynuclear aromatic compounds, Part 2, carbon blacks,
mineral oils (lubricant base oils and derived products) and some nitroarenes.
Volume 33, 87-168. Lyon: International Agency for Research on Cancer
10. Kane, M.L. et al (1984) Toxicological characteristics of refinery streams used to

manufacture lubricating oils. Am J Ind Med 5, 183-200
11. Doak, S.M.A. et al (1985) Carcinogenic potential of hydrotreated petroleum aromatic

extracts Br J Ind Med 42, 380-388
12. API (1989) Twenty four month dermal carcinogenesis/chronic toxicity screening
bioassay of refinery streams in C3H/HeJ mice. (AP=190r) Final report API Health
Environ. Sci. Dep. Rep. 36-33220. Washington DC: American Petroleum Institute
13. Gradiski, D. et al (1983) The carcinogenic effect of a series of petroleum-derived oils

on the skin of mice. Environ Research 32, 258-268
14. Lewis, S.C. et al (1984) Skin carcinogenic potential of petroleum hydrocarbons II.
Crude oil, distillate fractions and chemical class subfractions. In : MacFarland H.N.
et al (eds): Advances in modern environmental toxicology. Volume VI: Applied
toxicology of petroleum hydrocarbons. p. 139-150. Princeton NJ: Princeton Scientific
18
15. King, D.J. (1991) 1156, 1157 and 1158: 2-Year skin painting study. Toxicology
report 25-90-0275. Guildford, Surrey: BP Group Occupational Health Centre
16. Shell Research (1991) An 18 month cutaneous carcinogenicity study with base oils
in female CF1 mice (a report of LIMEA 150). Report No: SBER.91.002.
Sittingbourne: Shell Research.
17. Roy T.A. et al (1988) Correlation of mutagenic and dermal carcinogenic activities of
mineral oils with polycyclic aromatic compound content. Fund Applied Toxicol 10,
446-476
18. IP (1980) Polycyclic aromatics in petroleum fractions by dimethyl

sulphoxide - refractive index method. Designation IP 346/80. London: Institute of
Petroleum
19. API (1986) Mutagenicity of API sample 83-16 light paraffinic distillate solvent extract
(petroleum) (CAS 64742-05-8) in a mouse lymphoma mutation assay. Study
conducted by Litton Bionetics. API Health Environ. Sci. Dep. Rep. 33-32803.
Washington DC: Amercan Petroleum Institute
20. CONCAWE (1986) Health aspects of worker exposure to oil mists. Report
No. 86/69. Brussels: CONCAWE
21. CONCAWE (1981) Guidelines for the determination of atmospheric concentrations

of oil mists. Report No. 1/81. Brussels: CONCAWE
22. CONCAWE (1980) Disposal techniques for spilt oil. Report No. 9/80. Brussels:
CONCAWE
23. CONCAWE (1981) A field guide to coastal oil spill control and clean-up techniques.
Report No. 9/81. Brussels: CONCAWE
24. CONCAWE (1983) A field guide to inland oil spill clean-up techniques. Report
25. CONCAWE (1988) A field guide to the application of dispersants to oil spills. Report
19
APPENDIX 1
UNTREATED AROMATIC EXTRACTS FROM VACUUM DISTILLATES

LISTED IN EINECS
EINECS No. CAS No.
265-102-1 64742-03-6
**
Extracts (petroleum), light naphthenic distillate solvent
A complex combination of hydrocarbons obtained as the extract from a solvent
extraction process. It consists predominantly of aromatic hydrocarbons having
carbon numbers predominantly in the range of C15, through C30. This stream is
likely to contain 5 wt. % or more of 4- to 6-membered condensed ring aromatic
hydrocarbons.
265-103-7 64742-04-7
Extracts (petroleum), heavy paraffinic distillate solvent **
carbon numbers predominantly in the range of C20 through C50. This stream is
hydrocarbons.
265-104-2 64742-05-8
Extracts (petroleum), light paraffinic distillate solvent **
hydrocarbons.
265-111-0 64742-11-6
Extracts (petroleum), heavy naphthenic distillate solvent **
hydrocarbons.
295-341-7 91995-78-7
Extracts (petroleum), light vacuum gas oil solvent.
A complex combination of hydrocarbons obtained by solvent extraction from light
vacuum petroleum gas oil. It consists predominantly of aromatic hydrocarbons
having carbon numbers predominantly in the range of C13 through C30.
**
THESE SUBSTANCES HAVE BEEN CLASSIFIED AS CARCINOGENIC R45
20
307-753-7 97722-04-8
Hydrocarbons, C26 -55, arom. rich
A complex combination of hydrocarbons obtained by solvent extraction from a
naphthenic distillate having a viscosity of 27 cSt at 100°C (212°F). It consists
predominantly of aromatic hydrocarbons having carbon numbers predominantly in
the range of C26 through C55 and boiling in the range of approximately 395°C to
640°C (743°F to 1184°F).
21
APPENDIX 2
TREATED DISTILLATE AROMATIC EXTRACTS LISTED IN EINECS
EINECS No. CAS No.
272-175-3 68783-00-6
Extracts (petroleum), heavy naphthenic distillate solvent, arom. conc.
An aromatic concentrate produced by adding water to heavy naphthenic distillate
solvent extract and extraction solvent.
272-180-0 68783-04-0
Extracts (petroleum), solvent refined heavy paraffinic distillate solvent
A complex combination of hydrocarbons obtained as the extract from the re-
extraction of solvent refined heavy paraffinic distillate. It consists of saturated and
aromatic hydrocarbons having carbon numbers predominantly in the range of C20
through C50.
272-342-0 68814-89-1
Extracts (petroleum), heavy paraffinic distillates, solvent deasphalted
extraction of heavy paraffinic distillate.
292-631-5 90641-07-9
Extracts (petroleum), heavy naphthenic distillate solvent, hydrotreated
A complex combination of hydrocarbons obtained by treating a heavy naphthenic
distillate solvent extract with hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst. It consists
the range of C20 through C5O and produces a finished oil of at least 19 cSt at 40°C
(100 SUS at 100°F).
292-632-0 90641-08-0
Extracts (petroleum), heavy paraffinic distillate solvent, hydrotreated
A complex combination of hydrocarbons produced by treating a heavy paraffinic
predominantly of hydrocarbons having carbon numbers predominantly in the range
of C21 through C33 and boiling in the range of approximately 350°C to 480°C
(662°F to 896°F).
~
292-633-6 90641-09-1
Extracts (petroleum), light paraffinic distillate solvent, hydro-treated
A complex combination of hydrocarbons produced by treating a light paraffinic
predominantly of hydrocarbons having carbon numbers predominantly in the range
of C17 through C26 and boiling in the range of approximately 280° to 400°C (536°F
to 752°F).
22
295-335-4 91995-73-2
Extracts (petroleum), hydrotreated light paraffinic distillate solvent
A complex combination of hydrocarbons obtained as the extract from solvent
extraction of intermediate paraffinic top solvent distillate that is treated with
hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst. It consists predominantly of aromatic
hydrocarbons having carbon numbers predominantly in the range of C16 through
C36.
295-338-0 91995- 75-4

Extracts (petroleum), light naphthenic distillate solvent, hydrodesulfurized
A complex combination of hydrocarbons obtained by treating the extract, obtained
from a solvent extraction process, with hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst
under conditions primarily to remove sulfur compounds. It consists predominantly
of aromatic hydrocarbons having carbon numbers predominantly in the range of
C15 through C30. This stream is likely to contain 5 wt. % or more of 4- t o 6-
membered condensed ring aromatic hydrocarbons.
295-339-6 91995- 76-5

Extracts (petroleum), light paraffinic distillate solvent, acid treated
A complex combination of hydrocarbons obtained as a fraction of the distillation of
an extract from the solvent extraction of light paraffinic top petroleum distillates
that is subjected to a sulfuric acid refining. It consists predominantly of aromatic
C32.
295-340-1 91995-77-6
Extracts (petroleum), light paraffinic distillate solvent, hydrodesulfurized
A complex combination of hydrocarbons obtained by solvent extraction of a light
paraffin distillate and treated with hydrogen to convert the organic sulfur to
hydrogen sulfide which is eliminated. It consists predominantly of hydrocarbons
having carbon numbers predominantly in the range of C15 through C40 and
produces a finished oil with a viscosity of greater than 10 cSt at 40°C.
295-342-2 91995-79-8
Extracts (petroleum), light vacuum gas oil solvent, hydrotreated
A complex combination of hydrocarbons, obtained by solvent extraction from light
vacuum petroleum gas oils and treated with hydrogen in the presence of a
catalyst. It consists predominantly of aromatic hydrocarbons having carbon
numbers predominantly in the range of C13 through C30.
296-437-1 92704-08-0
Extracts (petroleum), heavy paraffinic distillate solvent, clay-treated
A complex combination of hydrocarbons resulting from treatment of a petroleum
fraction with natural or modified clay in either a contact or percolation process to
remove the trace amounts of polar compounds and impurities present. It consists
the range of C20 through C50. This stream is likely to contain 5 wt. % or more 4-6
membered ring aromatic hydrocarbons.
23
297-827-4 93763-10-1
Extracts (petroleum), heavy naphthenic distillate solvent, hydrodesulfurized
A complex combination of hydrocarbons obtained from a petroleum stock by
treating with hydrogen to convert organic sulfur to hydrogen sulfide which is
removed. It consists predominantly of hydrocarbons having carbon numbers
predominantly in the range of C15 through C50 and produces a finished oil with a
viscosity of greater than 19 cSt at 40°C.
297-829-5 93763-11-2
Extracts (petroleum), solvent-dewaxed heavy paraffinic distillate solvent,
hydrodesulfurized
A complex combination of hydrocarbons obtained from a solvent dewaxed
petroleum stock by treating with hydrogen to convert organic sulfur to hydrogen
sulfide which is removed. It consists predominantly of hydrocarbons having carbon
numbers predominantly in the range of C15 through C50 and produces a finished oil
with a viscosity of greater than 19 cSt at 40°C.
309-672-2 100684-02-4
Extracts (petroleum), light paraffinic distillate solvent, carbon-treated
A complex combination of hydrocarbons obtained as a fraction from distillation of
an extract recovered by solvent extraction of light paraffinic top petroleum distillate
treated with activated charcoal to remove traces of polar constituents and
impurities. It consists predominantly of aromatic hydrocarbons having carbon
309-673-8 100684-03-5
Extracts (petroleum), light paraffinic distillate solvent, clay-treated
A complex combination of hydrocarbons obtained as a fraction from distillation of
an extract recovered by solvent extraction of light paraffinic top petroleum
distillates treated with bleaching earth to remove traces of polar constituents and
impurities. It consists predominantly of aromatic hydrocarbons having carbon
309-674-3 00684-04-6
Extracts (petroleum), light vacuum, gas oil solvent, carbon-treated
A complex combination of hydrocarbons obtained by solvent extraction of light
vacuum petroleum gas oil treated with activated charcoal for the removal of trace
polar constituents and impurities. It consists predominantly of aromatic
C30.
309-675-9 100684-05-7
Extracts (petroleum), light vacuum gas oil solvent, clay-treated
A complex combination of hydrocarbons obtained by solvent extraction of light
vacuum petroleum gas oils treated with bleaching earth for removal of trace polar
constituents and impurities. It consists predominantly of aromatic hydrocarbons
having carbon numbers predominantly in the range of C13 through C30.
24
APPENDIX 3
RESIDUAL AROMATIC EXTRACTS LISTED IN EINECS
EINECS No. CAS No.
265-110-5 64742-10-5
Extracts (petroleum), residual oil solvent
carbon numbers predominantly higher than C25.
295-332-8 91995-70-9
Extracts (petroleum), deasphalted vacuum residue solvent
A complex combination of hydrocarbons obtained by solvent extraction of a
vacuum deasphalted residue. It consists predominantly of aromatic hydrocarbons
having carbon numbers predominantly greater than C30. This stream contains
more than 5 wt. % of 4- to 6-membered condensed ring aromatic hydrocarbons.
25
APPENDIX 4
OTHER AROMATIC EXTRACTS LISTED IN EINECS
EINECS No. CAS No.
265-105-8 64742-06-9
Extracts (petroleum), middle distillate solvent
carbon numbers predominantly in the range of C9 through C20 and boiling in the
range of approximately 150°C to 345°C (302°F to 653°F).
265-211-4 64743-06-2
Extracts (petroleum), gas oil solvent
carbon numbers predominantly in the range of C13 through C25 and boiling in the
range of approximately 230°C to 400°C (446°F to 752°F).
272-173-2 68782-98-9
Extracts (petroleum), clarified oil solvent, condensed-ring arom.-contg.
extraction of catalytic cracked clarified oil. It consists predominantly of aromatic
hydrocarbons having carbon numbers predominantly greater than C20 and boiling
above approximately 350°C (662°F). This stream is likely to contain 5 wt. % or
more of 4- to 6-membered condensed ring aromatic hydrocarbons.
272-174-8 68782-99-0
Extracts (petroleum), heavy clarified oil solvent, condensed-ring arom.
contg.
A complex combination of hydrocarbons obtained as the extract from the solvent
hydrocarbons having carbon numbers predominantly higher than C25 and boiling
above approximately 425°C (798°F). This stream is likely to contain 5 wt. % or
more of 4- to 6-membered condensed ring aromatic hydrocarbons.
272-177-4 68783-02-8
Extracts (petroleum), intermediate clarified oil solvent, condensed ring
arom. contg.
C28 and boiling in the range of approximately 375°C to 450°C (708°F to 842°F).
This stream is likely to contain 5 wt % or more of 4- to 6-membered condensed
ring aromatic hydrocarbons.
26
272-179-5 68783-03-9
Extracts (petroleum), light clarified oil solvent, condensed-ring arom. contg.
A complex combination of hydrocarbons obtained as the extract from the solvent
This stream is likely to contain 5 wt- % of 4- t o 6-membered condensed ring
aromatic hydrocarbons.
295-330-7 91995-67-4
Extracts (petroleum), C15-30-arom., hydrotreated
A complex combination of hydrocarbons obtained by treatment of an aromatic
extract with hydrogen. It consists predominantly of hydrocarbons having carbon
numbers predominantly in the range of C15 through C30 and produces a finished oil
with a viscosity of approximately 45 cSt at 40°C.
295-333-3 91995-71-0
Extracts (petroleum), gas oil solvent, chem. neutralized
A complex combination of hydrocarbons produced by a treating process to remove
acidic materials from gas oil solvent petroleum extracts.
295-334-9 91995-72-1
Extracts (petroleum), gas oil solvent, hydrotreated
A complex combination of hydrocarbons obtained by treating gas oil solvent
petroleum extracts with hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst.
305-590-6 94733-10-5
Extracts (petroleum), hydrocracked residual oil solvent
A complex combination of hydrocarbons obtained by solvent treatment of the
residue of hydrocracked petroleum. It consists predominantly of aromatic
307-012-8 97488-75-0
Extracts (Petroleum), hydrocracked heavy solvent
A complex combination of hydrocarbons obtained by the distillation of solvent
treated intermediate and heavy distillates obtained by hydrocracking a petroleum
distillate. It consists predominantly of aromatic hydrocarbons having carbon
numbers predominantly in the range of C18 through C27 and boiling in the range of
370°C to 450°C (698°F to 842°F)
309-670-1 100684-00-2
Extracts (petroleum), carbon-treated gas oil solvent
A complex combination of hydrocarbons obtained by the treatment of gas oil
solvent petroleum extracts with activated charcoal for the removal of trace polar
constituents and impurities.
27
309-671 -7 100684-01-3
Extracts (petroleum), clay-treated gas oil solvent
A complex combination of hydrocarbons obtained by the treatment of gas oil
solvent petroleum extracts with bleaching earth for the removal of trace polar
constituents and impurities.
309-676-4 100684-06-8
Extracts (petroleum), middle distillate solvent, carbon-treated
A complex combination of hydrocarbons obtained by the treatment of middle
distillate solvent petroleum extracts with activated charcoal for the removal of trace
polar constituents and impurities.
309-678-5 100684-07-9
Extracts (petroleum), middle distillate solvent, clay-treated
A complex combination of hydrocarbons obtained by the treatment of middle
distillate solvent petroleum extracts with bleaching earth for the removal of trace
polar constituents and impurities.
28

Aromatic Extracts: Product Dossier No. 92/101

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product dossier no.

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Aromatic extracts, DAE, RAE, toxicity, health, classification, review

7. SAFE HANDLING ADVICE 12

10. FIRE AND EXPLOSION HAZARDS 16

11. ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS 17

This product dossier is one in a series of 11 on the following major groups of

- Liquefied petroleum gas

- Gas oils (diesel fuels/heating oils)

- Heavy fuel oils

- Lubricating oil basestocks

- Waxes and related products

- Bitumens and bitumen derivatives

- Product description, uses and typical properties

- Toxicology, health aspects and fire, explosion and environmental

- Recommended exposure limits

- Advice on handling, emergency treatment and disposal

- Entries in the European Inventory of Existing Commercial Chemical

Aromatic extracts are complex mixtures of hydrocarbons resulting from the

− If the feedstock is a distillate stream from a vacuum distillation process, the

− If the feedstock is the residue from a vacuum distillation process, the

The European Inventory of Existing Commercial Chemical Substances (EINECS)

− 6 cover untreated DAEs,

These EINECS entries are listed in Appendices 1 - 4.

Properties of aromatic extracts would normally be expected to fall in the following

Table 1 Physical chemical properties of aromatic extracts

Property Unit Method Distillate (DAE) Residual (RAE)

Boiling range °C ASTM D 2887 250 - 680 > 380

4.1. ACUTE TOXICITY

4.1.1. Distillate Aromatic Extracts (DAEs)

A skin sensitization study using a closed patch technique in guinea pigs

4.1.2. Residual Aromatic Extracts (RAEs)

4.1.3. Other Extracts

Table 2 Summary of available acute and subacute toxicity of distillate aromatic

Aromatic Extract of Light Aromatic Extract of Heavy

CAS No. 64742-05-8 64742-04-7

Oral LD50 (Rat) > 5 g/kg > 5 g/kg

Skin (Rabbit) Severe Irritant Non Irritant

Closed Patch (Guinea Pig) Non Sensitizing Not Determined

SUBACUTE DERMAL TOXICITY

250 – Minimal skin irritant Systemic toxicity at all

4.2. SUBACUTE TOXICITY

4.2.1. Distillate Aromatic Extracts (DAE)

In contrast to this, an untreated solvent extract of a heavy paraffinic distillate was

4.2.2. RAEs and Other Aromatic Extracts

4.3.1. Distillate Aromatic Extracts (DAE)

It is generally accepted that the carcinogenic activity of petroleum products is

Table 3 Summary of results of skin carcinogenicity studies in mice with distillate

Description of Material Dosing Regime Duration Observation PAC content Ref

Composite aromatic 50 mg, 560 Skin tumours in 39 of 50 mice. ND 10

LMO – light machine oil

4.3.2. Residual Aromatic Extracts (RAE)

Table 4 Carcinogenicity of Residual Aromatic Extracts

Description % Mice with Reference

Residual oil extract 12 10

Residual oil extract 4 10

Residual oil extract 12 15

Hydrotreated residual oil extract 0 11

Residual oil extract diluted to 60% in 6 15

Bright stock extract diluted to 50% in 0 16

4.3.3. Other Aromatic Extracts

No carcinogenicity data are available on these aromatic extracts. However, it si

4.5. REPRODUCTIVE TOXICITY