III - Part 2 Section 11 A Fire Safety
GL 2000
Section 11
Fire Safety
A. Area Classification/Ventilation
1. General remarks
1.1 Scope
1.1.1 Due to the nature and properties of the sub-
stances handled on board of offshore production and
storage units, the risk of explosion and/or fire exists,
to a varying degree, in various locations of the unit. It
is, therefore, necessary to define Hazardous Areas
and Non-hazardous Areas ("Area Classification"),
and to separate these areas as efficiently as possible.
1.1.2 Regarding Control and Instrumentation
requirements, see also Section 16.
1.2 General arrangement
1.2.1 Depending on the type of unit, the Area
Classification influences the general arrangement of
the installations on board.
For units capable of "weather-vaning", the principle
should be observed that Hazardous Areas are ar-
ranged downwind from Non-hazardous Areas.
On units, where this possibility does not exist, separa-
tion of the areas mentioned, and of the air supply to
the related spaces, shall be accomplished as effi-
ciently as possible.
1.2.2 In the vertical direction, sufficient separation
of Hazardous and Non-hazardous Areas is to be pro-
vided. E.g., accommodation spaces should not be
arranged above storage tanks classified as Hazardous
Areas, or, if this cannot be avoided, separation by a
ventilated space shall be provided. See also B. Struc-
tural Fire Protection.
2. Definitions
2.1 Hazardous Areas are areas in which flam-
mable, explosive or toxic substances, particularly
gas/air mixtures, are normally present or may be
present under normal operating conditions. In such
areas, special measures are to be taken, such as
– explosion-proof equipment (see E. and
Section 8)
– ventilation (see 4. below)
– fire-fighting and rescue equipment (see D.)
Chapter 6
Page 11–1
2.2 Non-hazardous Areas are all areas not
considered hazardous, i.e. areas where a dangerous
concentration of substances as described above must
not be expected under normal operating conditions.
Due to the confined space available, it may be neces-
sary, also in areas classified as "non-hazardous", to
provide measures such as ventilation and/or
pressurising, in order to achieve an acceptably low
risk level (e.g., in living quarters).
2.3 Degree of enclosure
Enclosed spaces are closed rooms confined by
walls/bulk-heads, decks etc., and provided only with
the absolutely necessary openings, such as doors,
windows, ventilation ducts, etc.
Partially enclosed locations are spaces which are
not closed on all sides or not closed completely, but
where natural ventilation is not ensured.
Outdoor locations are areas where natural ventila-
tion is not impeded.
3. Area classification
3.1 Definitions/principles
3.1.1 For the purpose of selection and installation
of machinery and electrical equipment Hazardous
Areas are divided into Zones as follows:
Zone 0, in which an ignitable gas/air mixture is
continuously present, or considered to be
present for long periods.
Zone 1, in which an ignitable gas/air mixture is
likely to occur.
Zone 2, in which an ignitable gas/air mixture is not
likely to occur, and if it occurs, it will only
exist for a short time.
This area classification is based on normal operating
conditions.
3.1.2 The following aspects for the determination
of Hazardous Areas have to be additionally consid-
ered:
– Physical properties of the ignitable substances
– Quantity, pressure and temperature of sub-
stance(s) released
– Environmental conditions
– Method of ventilation.
Chapter 6 Section 11 A Fire Safety
Page 11–2
3.1.3 As the boundaries of areas often cannot be
definitely stated to cover all possible situations, each
individual case has to be considered under the aspect
of sound engineering practice. The boundaries of the
different Zones may be determined in accordance
with relevant recognised standards or codes of prac-
tice. It may be seen from the following examples that
classification, e.g. into Zone 1 or 2, often depends on
the judgement of prevailing conditions and on the
equipment/installations provided, e.g. ventilation
arrangement.
3.1.4 Personnel safety with respect to toxic sub-
stances (e.g., H2S) is to be considered separately,
taking into account also the requirements of the com-
petent Administration.
3.2 Hazardous Areas, Zone 0
3.2.1 Hazardous Areas, Zone 0 include
– the internal spaces of closed tanks and pipes
(including escape gas outlet pipes),
– crude oil and gas producing and treating facili-
ties, and
– any other spaces in which an oil/gas/air mixture
is expected to be continuously present or pre-
sent for long periods.
3.2.2 A spherical space surrounding an escape or
vent gas outlet has to be defined as a Zone 0 area, if
gas is released continuously or for extended periods.
For the determination of the radius of that spherical
space the pressure, properties and quantity of the
released substances as well as environmental factors
have to be taken into consideration.
3.3 Hazardous Areas, Zone 1
Hazardous Areas, Zone 1 include
– tanks and cofferdams adjacent to crude oil or
slop tanks,
– enclosed and partially enclosed spaces which
contain a possible source of release, such as
pumps and compressors handling crude oil and
gas;
– outdoor or partially enclosed locations within
1,5 m from
+ release sources as mentioned above,
+ safety valves or other outlets possibly releas-
ing gas,
+ ventilation outlets of Zone 1 spaces, and
+ access openings to Zone 1 spaces;
– outdoor locations within 1,5 m from vent out-
lets of crude oil tanks and slop tanks,
III - Part 2
GL 2000
– pits, ducts or similar structures in locations
which otherwise would be classed Zone 2, but
where the arrangement is such so that disper-
sion of gas is not ensured, depending on envi-
ronment conditions.
3.4 Hazardous Areas, Zone 2
Hazardous Areas, Zone 2 include
– outdoor locations/deck in the crude oil storage
area up to a height of 2,4 m above the deck.
Where inerting is used for storage tanks, the
area classification may be specially considered;
– locations within 1,5 m from the outdoor areas
listed as third and fourth under 3.3 above;
– enclosed spaces and partially enclosed loca-
tions which contain detachable sections of
crude oil or gas pipes, where leakage may oc-
cur (if such locations are not classed Zone 1);
– outdoor locations within 3 m from ventilation
outlets and from detachable crude oil or gas
pipes where leakage may occur (if such loca-
tions are not classed Zone 1;
– air locks between a Zone 1 and a non-hazard-
ous space;
– pits, ducts or similar structures in locations
which otherwise would be classed as non-
hazardous areas, but where the arrangement is
such that dispersion of gas is not ensured.
3.5 Connections between different zones of
Hazardous Areas
3.5.1 Access openings
3.5.1.1 Except for compelling operational reasons,
access doors or other openings shall neither be pro-
vided between a Non-hazardous and a Hazardous
Area nor between a Zone 2 and a Zone 1 space.
Where such access doors or other openings are pro-
vided, any enclosed space not referred to under 3.3 or
3.4 having a direct access to any Zone 1 or Zone 2
location becomes the same Zone as that location,
with the following exceptions.
3.5.1.2 An enclosed space with direct access to any
Zone 1 location can be considered as Zone 2 if
– the access is fitted with a gas-tight door open-
ing into the Zone 2 space, and
– ventilation is such that the air flow with the
door open is directed from the Zone 2 space
into the Zone 1 location, and
– loss of ventilation is alarmed at a manned sta-
tion.
III - Part 2 Section 11 A Fire Safety
GL 2000
3.5.1.3 An enclosed space with direct access to any
Zone 2 location is not considered hazardous if
– the access is fitted with a self-closing gas-tight
door that opens into the non-hazardous loca-
tion, and
– ventilation is such that the air flow with the
door open is directed from the non-hazardous
space into the Zone 2 location, and
– loss of ventilation is alarmed at a manned sta-
tion.
3.5.1.4 An enclosed space with direct access to any
Zone 1 location is not considered hazardous if
– the access is fitted with gas-tight self-closing
doors forming an air lock, and
– the space has ventilation overpressure in rela-
tion to the hazardous space, and
– loss of ventilation overpressure is alarmed at a
manned station.
Where in special cases ventilation arrangements of
the intended safe space are considered sufficient to
prevent any ingress of gas from the Zone 1 location,
the two self-closing doors forming an air lock may be
replaced by a single self-closing gas-tight door which
opens into the non-hazardous location and has no
hold-back device.
3.5.2 Piping systems shall be designed to pre-
clude direct communication between Hazardous
Areas of different zone classifications and between
Hazardous and Non-hazardous Areas.
4. Ventilation
4.1 General requirements
4.1.1 Attention shall be given to ventilation inlet
and outlet locations and air flow in order to minimise
the possibility of cross contamination. Inlets are to be
located in Non-hazardous Areas as high and as far
away from any Hazardous Area as practicable.
4.1.2 The arrangement of ventilation inlet and
outlet openings in an enclosed space shall be such
that the entire room is effectively ventilated, giving
special consideration to air consumption by and loca-
tion of the equipment.
4.1.3 Each air outlet shall be located in an outdoor
area which, in the absence of the considered outlet, is
of the same or lesser hazard than the ventilated space.
4.1.4 Ventilation for Hazardous Areas is to be
completely separate from that used for Non-
hazardous Areas. Adequate discharge of exhaust air
under all environmental conditions must be aimed at.
Chapter 6
Page 11–3
4.1.5 Where natural ventilation is considered
sufficient, its effectiveness has to be proved.
4.1.6 Additionally, the following aspects shall be
considered:
– Maintaining of suitable temperatures, supply of
fresh air, humidity conditions and acceptable
levels of noise
– Thermal insulation
– Air filtration
– Provision of standby equipment.
4.2 Ventilation of Hazardous Areas
4.2.1 Enclosed Hazardous Areas shall be provided
with adequate ventilation with underpressure in rela-
tion to an adjacent less hazardous space or Zone.
Special consideration shall be given to the location of
equipment which may release gas, and to locations
where gas may accumulate.
4.2.2 Ducts: Where the inlet duct passes through
an area with higher hazard rating, it has to have over-
pressure in relation to this area. The outlet air from
Zone 1 and Zone 2 spaces shall be led in separate
ducts to outdoor locations. The internal spaces of
such ducts belong to the same Zone as the ventilated
space.
For ducts, see also 4.5 and B.4.6.
4.3 Ventilation of Non-hazardous Areas
4.3.1 Enclosed living and working areas are to be
maintained under overpressure in relation to adjacent
hazardous locations.
4.3.2 Ducts: Where the inlet duct passes through a
space rated as Hazardous Area it has to have over-
pressure in relation to the Hazardous Area. Excep-
tions may be allowed if the ducts in the Hazardous
Area are made gas-tight and are provided with in-
creased wall thicknesses and/or insulation.
4.3.3 For control stations alternative and separate
means of air supply shall be provided; air inlets of the
two sources of supply shall be so disposed that the
risk of both inlets drawing in smoke or flammable
air/gas mixtures simultaneously is minimised.
4.4 Values of air flow rate and overpressure
4.4.1 At least 20 air changes per hour have to be
achieved in spaces of Zone 1, and at least 12 in
spaces of Zone 2. During start-up or after shut-down
it is necessary either to ensure that the internal at-
mosphere is not hazardous, or to proceed with prior
purging of sufficient duration. Generally the neces-
Chapter 6 Section 11 B Fire Safety
Page 11–4
sary volume for purging is estimated as at least five
times the internal volume of the room and its associ-
ated ducts.
4.4.2 Where mechanical ventilation is provided
for overpressure, a minimum of 25 Pa (0,25 mbar)
with respect to the outer atmosphere shall be main-
tained at all points inside the space. If there is any air-
consuming equipment inside the pressurised room, the
ventilation flow shall be capable of covering all needs.
4.5 Ducts and shutters
4.5.1 Air ducts have to be made of steel or other
equivalent material, where ‘equivalent material’
means any material which, by itself, or due to insula-
tion provided, has structural properties equivalent to
steel at the end of the applicable fire exposure to the
standard fire test (e.g., aluminium with appropriate
insulation). The ducts have to be protected against
corrosion and shall be provided with means for in-
spection.
4.5.2 Ducts provided for ventilation of accommo-
dation or service spaces and control stations shall
generally not pass through working spaces.
Ducts provided for ventilation of working areas shall
not pass through accommodation or service spaces
and control stations.
See also B.4.6.
4.5.3 The exhaust ducts from galleys shall be
constructed of "A" Class divisions (see B.). Each
exhaust duct shall be fitted with
– a grease trap readily removable for cleaning,
– a firedamper located in the lower end of the
duct,
– an off-switch (actuated from the galley) for the
fan, if power ventilation is provided, and
– fixed means for extinguishing a fire within the
duct.
4.5.4 The main inlets and outlets of all ventilation
systems shall be capable of being closed from outside
the area being ventilated. Ducts with a sectional area
exceeding 750 cm2 and penetrating Class A or B
bulkheads and decks are additionally to have fire-
dampers with melting fuse or plug or other equivalent
arrangement. The firedampers shall close automati-
cally at a temperature above 70 °C. In the closed
condition firedampers shall rest firmly and through-
out on sealing steel bars and be capable of being
arrested. Their position shall be clearly and perma-
nently indicated.
III - Part 2
GL 2000
B. Structural Fire Protection
1. General indications
1.1 The terms and definitions used in the follow-
ing correspond to those of Chapter II-2 of SOLAS 74.
The requirements of this IMO convention are appli-
cable in principle. Additional requirements of the
competent Administration may have to be observed.
1.2 Some principles on structural fire protection,
together with particular requirements for offshore
production/storage units, are given below. For details
see also
– for ship-type units: The GL Rules for Seagoing
Ships, Chapter 1 (Hull Structures), Section 22;
– for offshore installations such as column-
stabilized units: The GL Rules for Offshore In-
stallations, Chapter 4, Section 10.
1.3 In special cases the fire protection arrange-
ments may differ from the regulations of this section,
provided that the protection is considered to be
equivalent, owing to appropriate measures having
been taken.
1.4 Type "A", "B" and "C" Class divisions as
well as the insulation materials, linings, ceilings,
surface materials and not readily ignitable deck cov-
erings shall be of approved type.
1.5 Drawings showing the general arrangement
and the intended use of all spaces, and containing
details on the planned structural fire protection ar-
rangements as well as information about type, manu-
facturer and existing type approvals are to be submit-
ted for approval.
1.6 Fire and blast walls: See 5.
2. Materials
2.1 The hull, decks, structural bulkheads, super-
structures and mooring structures are to be made of
steel (see Section 4 and 5). Other equivalent material
(Aluminium alloy suitably insulated) may be ap-
proved in particular cases, having in mind the risk of
fire.
2.2 Components made from aluminium alloys
require special treatment with regard to the mechani-
cal properties of the material in case of temperature
increase. In principle, the following is to be observed:
III - Part 2 Section 11 B Fire Safety
GL 2000
a) The insulation of "A" or "B" Class divisions
shall be such that the temperature of the struc-
tural core does not rise more than 200 °C above
the ambient temperature at any time during the
relevant exposure to the standard fire test.
b) Special attention shall be given to the insulation
of aluminium alloy components of columns,
stanchions and other structural members re-
quired to support helidecks as well as lifeboat
and liferaft stowage, launching and embarka-
tion areas, and "A" and "B" Class divisions to
ensure that
– for such members supporting helidecks, life-
boat and liferaft areas and "A" Class divisions,
the temperature rise limitation specified in a)
above applies at the end of one hour; and
– for such members required to support "B" Class
divisions, the temperature rise limitation speci-
fied in a) above applies at the end of half an
hour.
2.3 Crowns and casings of machinery spaces of
category A shall be of steel construction adequately
insulated, and openings therein, if any, shall be suita-
bly arranged and protected to prevent the spread of
fire.
3. Terms and definitions
For basic definitions in connection with structural fire
protection, such as
– "non-combustible material",
– "standard fire test",
– "A Class division", "B Class division",
– fire zone(s), etc.,
reference is made to the rules and regulations men-
tioned under 1.1 and 1.2 above.
4. Structural fire protection requirements
4.1 Definitions of spaces
4.1.1 Control stations are those spaces in which
the unit's radio or main navigating equipment is lo-
cated, or where the production control is centralized,
or where the fire recording or fire control equipment
or the dynamical positioning control system is cen-
tralized, or where a fire extinguishing system serving
various locations or a central ballast control station is
situated. In the application of this section, the space
where the emergency source of power is located is
not considered as being a control station.
4.1.2 Corridors means corridors and lobbies.
Chapter 6
Page 11–5
4.1.3 Accommodation spaces are those used as
public spaces, cabins, offices, hospitals, cinemas,
games and hobbies rooms and similar spaces. Public
spaces are those portions of the accommodation
which are used for halls, dining rooms, lounges, and
similar permanently enclosed spaces.
4.1.4 Stairways are interior stairways, lifts and
escalators (other than those wholly contained within
the machinery spaces) and enclosures thereto.
In this connection a stairway, which is enclosed only
at one level, should be regarded as part of the space
from which it is not separated by a fire door.
4.1.5 Service spaces (low risk) are lockers, store
rooms and working spaces, in which no flammable
materials are stored, drying rooms and laundries.
4.1.6 Machinery spaces of Category A are all
spaces which contain
– internal combustion type machinery used either
for main propulsion or other purposes, where
such machinery has in the aggregate a total
power of not less than 375 kW;
– any oil-fired boiler or oil fuel units;
– trunks to such spaces.
4.1.7 Other machinery spaces are all machinery
spaces except those of Category A containing propel-
ling machinery, boilers and other fired process
equipment, oil fuel units, steam and internal combus-
tion engines, generators and major electrical machin-
ery, oil filling stations, refrigerating, stabilizing,
ventilation and air-conditioning machinery and simi-
lar spaces, and trunks to such spaces.
4.1.8 Hazardous Areas are all those areas where,
due to the possible presence of a flammable atmos-
phere arising from the production operations, the use
without proper consideration of machinery or electri-
cal equipment may lead to increased fire or explosion
hazard. See also A. above.
4.1.9 Service spaces (high risk) are lockers, store
rooms and working spaces in which flammable mate-
rials are stored, galleys, pantries containing cooking
appliances, paint rooms and workshops other than
those forming part of the machinery space.
4.1.10 Open decks are open deck spaces, exclud-
ing Hazardous Areas.
4.1.11 Sanitary and similar spaces are communal
facilities such as showers, baths, lavatories etc., and
isolated pantries containing no cooking appliances.
Sanitary facilities which serve a space and with ac-
cess only from that space shall be considered a por-
tion of the space in which they are located.
Chapter 6 Section 11 B Fire Safety III - Part 2
Page 11–6 GL 2000

4.1.12 Crude oil pump room is a space containing
crude oil conveying pumps, and includes entrances
and trunks leading to such a space.
4.2 Fire integrity of bulkheads, decks and
superstructure boundaries
4.2.1 In addition to complying with the specific
provisions for fire integrity of bulkheads and decks in
the detailed regulations mentioned under 1.2, the
minimum fire integrity of bulkheads and decks
should be as shown in Tables 11.1 and 11.2.
4.2.2 Application of the tables
4.2.2.1 Tables 11.1 and 11.2 apply respectively to
the bulkheads and decks separating adjacent spaces
as defined under 4.1.
4.2.2.2 For determining the appropriate fire integrity
standards to be applied to divisions between adjacent
spaces, such spaces are classified according to their
fire risk: Categories 1 to 12, corresponding to the
definitions given in 4.1. The title of each category is
intended to be typical rather than restrictive.

Table 11.1 Fire integrity of bulkheads separating adjacent spaces

Spaces 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Control stations 1 A-0 4 A-0 A-60 A-0 A-15 A-60 A-15 A-60 A-60 5
A-0 A-60
B-0 B-0 5
Corridors 2 C B-0 A-60 A-0 A-0 A-0 B-0 A-60
A-0 2
Accommodation B-0 5
3 C B-0 A-60 A-0 A-0 A-0 B-0 A-60
spaces A-0 2
5
B-0 B-0 B-0
Stairways 4 A-60 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-60
A-0 2 A-0 2 5 A-0
Service spaces 5
(low risk) 5 C A-60 A-0 A-0 A-0 B-0 A-60

Machinery spaces 1,5

of Category A 6 A-0 1 A-60 A-60 5
A-0 A-0 6

Other machinery
spaces 7 A-0 1,3 A-0 A-0 5
A-0 A-0

Hazardous Areas 8 – A-0 – A-0 A-0

Service spaces –
(high risk) 9 A-0 3 5
A-0 A-60
5 5
Open decks 10 –
Sanitary and
similar spaces 11 C A-60

Crude oil pump 5

room(s) 12
1
Where the space contains an emergency power source or components of an emergency power source and adjoins a space containing a
service generator or the components of a service generator, the boundary bulkhead or deck between those spaces should be an "A-60"
Class division.
2
For clarification as to which note applies, see the GL Rules mentioned under 1.2.
3
Where spaces are of the same numerical category and superscript 3 appears, a bulkhead or deck of the rating shown in the tables is only
required when the adjacent spaces are for a different purpose, e.g. in category 9: A galley next to a galley does not require a bulkhead but
a galley next to a paint room requires an "A-0" bulkhead.
4
Bulkheads separating the navigating bridge chartroom and radio room from each other may be "B-0" rating.
5
The division is required to be of steel or equivalent material, but is not required to be of "A" Class standard.
6
Bulkheads and decks between crude oil pump rooms and machinery spaces of Category A may be penetrated by pump shaft glands and
similar equipment, provided that gas tight seals with efficient lubrication or other means of ensuring the functioning of the gas seal are
fitted.
III - Part 2 Section 11 B Fire Safety Chapter 6
GL 2000 Page 11–7

Table 11.2 Fire integrity of decks separating adjacent spaces

Spaces 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
3 4
Control stations 1 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-60 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0
3 3 3 3 3 4
Corridors 2 A-0 A-0 A-60 A-0 A-0 A-0
Accommodation 3
spaces 3 A-60 A-0 A-02 3
A-60 A-0 A-0 A-0 3 3 4

3 3 3 4
Stairways 4 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-60 A-0 A-0 A-0
Service spaces 3 3 4
(low risk) 5 A-15 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-60 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0

Machinery spaces 1, 3 3 4
of Category A 6 A-60 A-60 A-60 A-60 A-60 A-60 A-60 A-60 A-0

Other machinery
spaces 7 A-15 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-01 1, 2 ,3
A-0 A-0 3
A-0 A-4
4
Hazardous Areas 8 A-60 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-60 A-0 – A-0 – A-0
Service spaces
(high risk) 9 A-60 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-02 3
A-0 4

3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4
Open decks 10 – –
Sanitary and 3 3 3 3 3 4
similar spaces 11 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0

Crude oil pump 4 4 4 4 4 3 3

room(s) 12 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 –
1
Where the space contains an emergency power source or components of an emergency power source and adjoins a space containing a
service generator or the components of a service generator, the boundary bulkhead or deck between those spaces should be an "A-60"
Class division.
2
Where spaces are of the same numerical category and superscript 2 appears, a bulkhead or deck of the rating shown in the tables is only
required when the adjacent spaces are for a different purpose, e.g. in category 9: A galley next to a galley does not require a bulkhead but
a galley next to a paint room requires an "A-0" bulkhead.
3
The division is required to be of steel or equivalent material, but is not required to be of "A" Class standard.
4
The vicinity combination is not allowed.

4.2.3 Perforations: Where "A" Class divisions
are pierced for the passage of electric cables, pipes,
trunks, ducts, etc., or for girders, beams or other
structural elements, arrangements shall be made to
ensure that the fire resistance is not impaired.
4.2.4 Exterior boundaries of superstructures and
deckhouses enclosing accommodation, including any
overhanging decks which support such accommoda-
tion, should be constructed to "A-60" standard for the
whole of the portion which faces the crude oil storage
area (and/or the production area, if this, in excep-
tional cases, is arranged nearby - see A.1.2 above).
On the side and top portions the same applies to the
boundary plating for a distance of not less than 3 m
from the portions mentioned above. GL may accept
equivalent arrangements.
4.3 Arrangement and type of openings
4.3.1 The GL rules mentioned under 1.2 above are
applicable regarding details, depending on the type of
unit. Some important principles are stated below.
4.3.2 Doors
4.3.2.1 External doors in superstructures and deck-
houses should be constructed to "A-0" Class division
and be self-closing, where practicable.
4.3.2.2 No doors shall be arranged in or near super-
structure boundaries facing the crude oil storage and
production areas, if they would provide access to
accommodation and service spaces, or to control
stations. Doors leading to other spaces, not having
direct connection to spaces as listed above, may be
permitted, provided that the boundaries of the spaces
are insulated to "A-60" standard.
Chapter 6 Section 11 B Fire Safety
Page 11–8
4.3.2.3 The construction of all doors and frames in
"A" Class divisions, including the means of securing
them when closed, shall provide resistance to fire as
well as to the passage of smoke and flames, as far as
practicable, equivalent to that of the bulkheads in
which the doors are situated. Such doors and door
frames shall be constructed of steel or other equiva-
lent material.
4.3.2.4 Doors in "A" Class divisions must be capa-
ble of being opened and closed from each side of the
bulkhead by one person only.
4.3.3 Windows, sidescuttles, skylights
4.3.3.1 Windows and sidescuttles, with the excep-
tion of navigating bridge windows, should be of the
non-opening type. Navigating bridge windows may
be of the opening type, provided the design of such
windows would permit rapid closure. Windows and
sidescuttles outside Hazardous Areas may be of the
opening type, depending on the applicable Admini-
stration regulations.
4.3.3.2 Skylights for crude oil pump rooms shall be
of steel (without glass panes) and shall be capable of
being closed from outside the pump room.
4.4 Corridors
Corridor bulkheads, including doors, should be "A"
or "B" Class divisions extending from deck to deck.
Where continuous "B" Class ceilings and/or linings
are fitted on both sides of the bulkhead, the bulkhead
may terminate at the continuous ceiling or lining.
Doors of cabins and public spaces in such bulkheads
may have a louvre in the lower half. Such openings
should not be provided in a door in an "A" or "B"
Class division forming a stairway enclosure.
For escape ways, see Section 10, A.
4.5 Stairways, elevator trunks
4.5.1 Stairs shall be constructed of steel or equiva-
lent material. Stairways which penetrate only a single
deck shall be protected at least at one level by "A" or
"B" Class divisions and self-closing doors so as to
limit the rapid spread of fire from one deck to an-
other.
4.5.2 Personnel lift trunks should be protected by
"A" Class divisions.
4.5.3 Stairways and lift shafts which penetrate
more than a single deck should be surrounded by "A"
Class divisions and protected by self-closing doors at
all levels. Self-closing doors should not be fitted with
hold-back hooks. However, hold-back arrangements
incorporating remote release fittings of the fail-safe
type may be utilized.
III - Part 2
GL 2000
4.6 Ventilation ducts
4.6.1 Ducts provided for ventilation of machinery
spaces of Category A and Hazardous Areas shall not
pass through accommodation and service spaces or
control stations. However, relaxation from this re-
quirement may be permitted provided that
– the ducts are constructed of steel and insulated
to "A-60" standard; or
– the ducts are constructed of steel and fitted with
an automatic fire damper close to the boundary
penetrated, and insulated to "A-60" standard
from the machinery space of Category A to a
point at least 5 in beyond the fire damper.
4.6.2 Ducts provided for ventilation of accommo-
dation and service spaces or control stations should
not pass through machinery spaces of Category A or
Hazardous Areas. However, relaxation from this
requirement may be permitted provided tile ducts are
constructed of steel and an automatic fire damper is
fitted close to the boundaries penetrated.
4.7 Fire protection of helidecks: See
Section 9, 4.
5. Fire and blast walls
5.1 Where, on open decks, a satisfying separa-
tion of areas corresponding to different hazard classi-
fication or different fire zones cannot be achieved, or
where an improved protection of important escape
ways is considered necessary, the arrangement of fire
or blast walls may be required.
5.2 A fire wall shall in principle be constructed
to A-60 standard. The structure shall be adequate to
withstand the environment forces and the inclina-
tions/accelerations to be expected at the particular
location on the unit.
Where the wall is supported by other structures, such
as a superstructure or deckhouse, also the connecting
elements shall be suitably protected against fire.
5.3 For the design and construction of blast
walls, the particular situation (geometrical configura-
tion, nature of explosion source, etc.) shall be evalu-
ated, considering, i.a.,
– the "worst case scenario" regarding energy
dissipation/occurring pressures, and
– the kind of installations and structures to be
protected.
III - Part 2 Section 11 C Fire Safety
GL 2000
C. Control Stations, Fire and Gas Detection
Systems
1. Control stations
1.1 At least one control station, which is to be
permanently manned, shall be provided in the safe
area. Depending on the design of the production/
storage unit, a second control station may be re-
quired. The arrangement of the control station(s) is to
be determined from case to case. See also
Section 14, A.
1.2 In the control station the following items
shall be provided:
a) Means of communication with other stations
essential to the safety of the unit;
b) all the necessary arrangements for the emer-
gency shut-off and remote controlled valves,
including riser and offloading line connections,
where applicable, referred to in Section 17, C.
and Section 18, C. and D.;
c) arrangements for starting the fire pumps re-
ferred to in E.2.;
d) manual means to set off the general, fire and
gas alarms;
e) means of indicating whether fire doors are
closed and whether the bulkhead doors are
open or closed;
f) the fire alarm and gas alarm central consoles,
lists and location plans/tables of fire detectors
and gas monitoring points, and the control
plans.
2. Fire detection and alarm system
2.1 Every offshore installation shall be provided
with an automatic fire detection system for all ac-
commodation and service spaces.
2.2 Sufficient manual fire alarm stations shall be
fitted at suitable locations throughout the unit.
2.3 In the Hazardous Areas referred to under A.
only alarm loops of a certified safe type may be used.
2.4 The sensitivity of the detectors, individually
or in groups, must be capable of being adjusted to the
local conditions.
2.5 With respect to their mode of operation the
following types of fire detectors have to be provided
for the appropriate locations:
a) Smoke detectors are to be used for clean areas
not associated with flammables, i.e. accommo-
Chapter 6
Page 11–9
dation, control rooms, electrical switch gear
rooms. Flame detection can be used in addition;
b) flame detectors shall be used where flames are
to be expected to give the first indication of
fire, i.e. in hydrocarbon and fuel areas;
c) thermal detectors are to be used where ambient
conditions are not suitable for smoke detectors,
i.e. on open deck areas, or as a back-up to
flame detectors in high hazard areas;
d) Readily visible manually actuated alarms have
be provided in addition for escape routes, cor-
ridors, stairways, and at locations from which
the fire pumps can be started.
2.6 In workshops and spaces in which the smoke
detectors may be actuated by normal operations, for
instance by welding work, such detectors may be
switched off while the work is going on. The detec-
tors must be reactivated automatically after a pre-
selected time.
2.7 Arrangement of detectors and alarm
loops
2.7.1 Every alarm loop shall not cover more than
one fire zone or watertight compartment and, as far as
practicable, not more than one deck or a stairway
connecting more than two decks.
Where there are arrangements for the separate flood-
ing with fire extinguishing media of two or more
adjoining spaces, separate alarm loops have also to be
provided.
2.7.2 For areas provided with automatic pressure
water spray systems, separate alarm loops per section
are to be allocated.
2.7.3 The number of the detectors referred to in
2.5 shall not exceed 20 per alarm loop. Manually
actuated alarms may be incorporated in a loop to-
gether with automatic alarms.
2.7.4 The arrangement and number of detectors
have to be such that all Hazardous Areas are covered.
This applies in particular to control and working
spaces.
2.8 Fire alarm central console
2.8.1 The fire alarm central console shall be lo-
cated in a permanently attended space (control sta-
tion).
2.8.2 The fire alarm central console shall contain
means of operating a visual and audible signal in case
of a responding fire detector, which is to be clearly
distinguishable from other signals.
Chapter 6 Section 11 E Fire Safety
Page 11–10
2.8.3 Where it is not ascertainable at the central
console which detector has responded, each individ-
ual detector shall be provided with its own visual
indication. This indication shall remain active until
the alarm has been accepted al the central console.
2.8.4 The system shall be self monitoring, i.e. all
faults such as broken wires or short circuits in an
alarm loop, loss of voltage, etc. are to be indicated
visually and audibly.
2.8.5 The fire alarm central console is to be sup-
plied from two separate power sources. Changeover
from the main supply to the emergency source shall
be automatic.
2.8.6 A list or location table showing the ar-
rangement of detectors has to be provided in the
vicinity of the fire alarm central console.
2.9 If two or more fire detectors are actuated
simultaneously, appropriate automatic safety func-
tions shall be initiated.
3. Gas detection and alarm system
3.1 A fixed automatic flammable gas detection
and alarm system is to be provided. It is to be so
arranged as to monitor continuously all areas where
an accumulation of gases may be expected to occur,
and be capable of indicating at the control station(s)
by audible and visual means the presence and loca-
tion of an accumulation of gas.
3.2 At least two portable gas monitoring devices
are to be provided, each capable of accurately meas-
uring a concentration of flammable gas.
3.3 The gas and fire detection system shall be
designed in such a way that it can be tested without
interrupting the normal activities on the unit.
3.4 The gas alarm central console is to be lo-
cated in a permanently attended space (e.g., control
station). It shall be possible to identify the detector
giving alarm on the control panel.
3.5 Alarm and automatic safety functions
3.5.1 The detection system shall initiate an alarm
in the control station before the gas concentration
reaches dangerous limits.
At a concentration of 20 % of the LEL an audible and
visual alarm shall be initiated in the control station.
3.5.2 The detection system shall automatically
activate the safety system before the concentration of
gases reaches the explosive limit. At a maximum of
60 % LEL automatic safety functions shall be acti-
vated.
III - Part 2
GL 2000
4. Calibration and testing
4.1 Means shall be provided whereby opera-
tional personnel may readily check on the accuracy of
gas percentage readings and the response of fire de-
tectors.
4.2 Provision shall be made to enable the fixed
system to be tested without disruption of the normal
routine.
D. Storage of Gas Bottles
1. Special areas are to be provided for the stor-
age of acetylene, oxygen and other gas cylinders
which might be a source of or contribute to a fire.
2. Where two or more cylinders of each gas are
intended to be carried in enclosed spaces, separate
dedicated storage rooms are to be provided for each
gas.
3. Gas bottles storage rooms are to be con-
structed of steel, and be well ventilated and accessi-
ble from safe areas.
(For storage of CO2 gas containers, see E.3.2).
E. Fire-Fighting Installations
1. General indications
1.1 The kind of fire extinction equipment which
may be used in the different typical areas of a floating
production/storage unit may be chosen according to
the relevant requirements for Seagoing Ships (Chap-
ter 2, Section 12, Table 12.1) or for Offshore Installa-
tions (Chapter 4, Section 10, Table 10.3), depending
on the type of unit. National regulations may have to
be observed.
1.2 Where systems of the same type are used in
different areas, the total quantity of fire-fighting
medium to be kept available on board shall be deter-
mined from case to case, depending on the connect-
ing piping/transport facilities, and on the evaluation
of fire risk in the areas concerned.
1.3 Plans and documents containing details
(type, manufacturer, number, location) of the fire
fighting equipment are to be submitted to GL for
approval.
III - Part 2 Section 11 E Fire Safety
GL 2000
1.4 Testing of fire-fighting equipment and drills
should be possible without impairment or interruption
of other (normal) operations on board of the unit.
1.5 In the following, some general requirements
are listed. For details, see the GL Rules for Offshore
Installations (III/2), Chapter 4, Section 10, C. – F., as
applicable.
1.6 Gas-based fire fighting agents other than
CO2 may be considered, if proof of their successful
and safe use can be furnished.
2. Water-based fire-fighting systems
2.1 Fire pumps
2.1.1 At least two fire pumps driven independ-
ently of the main power source have to be provided.
At least one of the pumps is to be dedicated to fire
fighting duties only.
2.1.2 The pumps, their power supply and the asso-
ciated pipes and valves are to be so arranged that a
fire in any fire zone does not involve the failure of all
the fire pumps.
2.1.3 Fire water pumps shall start automatically
when there is a pressure drop in the firewater main.
2.2 Fire mains
2.2.1 A fixed fire main shall be provided.
2.2.2 The diameter of the fire main and service
pipes shall be sufficient for the effective distribution
of the maximum required discharge from the required
fire pumps operating simultaneously.
2.2.3 With the required fire pumps operating si-
multaneously, the pressure maintained in the fire
mains shall be adequate for the safe and efficient
operation of all equipment supplied therefrom.
2.2.4 The fire main is to be routed clear of Haz-
ardous Areas as far as practicable and be arranged in
such a manner as to make maximum use of any
shielding or physical protection afforded by the struc-
ture of the unit.
2.2.5 The fire main shall be provided with isolat-
ing valves located so as to permit optimum utilization
in the event of physical damage to any part of the
main.
2.2.6 The fire main shall not have connections
other than for fire-fighting purposes.
2.2.7 All practical precautions should be taken to
protect the fire main against freezing, in order to have
water readily available.
Chapter 6
Page 11–11
2.3 Deluge systems
Gas or oil processing facilities and storage areas
which require water protection may be covered by
automatically or manually operated deluge systems
and/or monitors.
Where deluge systems are installed, the requirements
as per Section 10, C.3.1 of the Rules mentioned in 1.5
apply.
2.4 Automatic sprinkler systems
2.4.1 Every normally manned production/storage
unit shall be provided with an automatic sprinkler
system for the accommodation spaces.
2.4.2 The pressure water tank and sprinkler pump
are to be located in a safe area outside the spaces to
be protected.
2.4.3 The system is normally to be supplied by a
pressurized fresh water system, capable, once actu-
ated, of operating automatically and efficiently for 4
hours.
2.4.4 In the event of a pressure drop in the system,
a pressure water pump used solely for this purpose
shall start up automatically before the pressure water
tank has been exhausted.
2.4.5 A changeover arrangement to a fire water
main shall be provided.
2.5 Monitors, hydrants, hoses and nozzles
2.5.1 The unit shall be equipped with a sufficient
number of strategically located monitors, hydrants,
hose stations and fire hose reels.
2.5.2 Monitors (for water or foam) shall be pro-
vided to cover the Hazardous Areas of Zones 1 and 2
in open air areas.
The capacity and number of the monitors is to be
sufficient to deliver at least 6 l/m2/min at a nozzle
pressure of 5 bar.
Each monitor shall be capable of discharging under
jet and spray conditions.
2.5.3 Hydrants are to be so distributed, that at
least two water jets not emanating from the same
hydrant can reach any point of the unit which would
normally be accessible to the crew. One jet may be
delivered by a single length of hose and the second
by a joint hose length of not more than 30 m.
2.5.4 Fire hoses shall be of an approved type and
be sufficient in length to project a jet of water to any
of the spaces in which they may be required to be
used. Their maximum length should not exceed 15 m.
Every fire hose shall be provided with a dual purpose
Chapter 6 Section 11 E Fire Safety
Page 11–12
nozzle and the necessary couplings, and together with
any necessary fittings and tools be kept ready for use
in conspicuous positions near the water service hy-
drants or connections.
2.5.5 Nozzles shall comply with the following
requirements:
– Standard nozzle sizes should be 12 mm, 16 mm
and 19 mm or as near thereto as possible. Un-
der special circumstances the use of larger noz-
zles may be considered.
– For accommodation and service spaces, a noz-
zle size greater than 12 mm need not be used.
– For machinery and exterior locations, the noz-
zle size shall be 19 mm.
3. Foam or gas based fixed fire-fighting
systems
3.1 Foam systems
3.1.1 Permanently installed foam systems may be
used in open air areas, such as the helicopter landing
deck, and in machinery spaces as well as crude oil
pump rooms.
(For helidecks, see also Section 9, 4.).
3.1.2 Only approved foam concentrates are to be
used. The systems must be protected against freezing.
3.1.3 High expansion foam systems for the pro-
tection of enclosed spaces are to be so designed that
the largest space to be protected can be filled with
foam at the rate of at least 1 m depth per minute
without allowance for machinery and equipment. The
supply of foam solution shall be sufficient to fill
completely at least 5 times the largest space to be
protected. The expansion ratio of the foam shall not
exceed 1000:1.
3.1.4 The foam generator with tanks, pipe system,
ducts etc. is to be permanently installed and shall be
capable to attain full foam production within
2 minutes after fire alarm.
3.1.5 The foam generator with equipment is to be
placed in a safe area, separated from areas to be pro-
tected. If there is no access from the open deck, two
separate means of access are to be provided.
3.1.6 If low expansion foam is used, the system is
to be so designed, that the largest area over which
fuel can spread, can be covered within 5 minutes with
a 150 mm thick layer of foam. The expansion ratio
must not exceed 12:1.
3.1.7 Fixed low-expansion foam systems for use
in exterior locations shall be capable of supplying
foam solution to the monitors and foam applicators at
III - Part 2
GL 2000
a rate which shall be at least the greater of the follow-
ing quantities, but not less than 1250 l/min:
a) 0,6 l/min per square meter of the total area to
be protected
b) 1,5 l/min per square meter of a circular area
with the radius of 75 % of the nominal length
of throw of the largest monitor provided.
3.1.8 The supply of foam concentrate is to be
sufficient for at least 30 minutes of operation of the
system at maximum capacity as specified in 3.1.7.
3.1.9 Foam monitors are to be so arranged that
the protected area can be covered from at least two
monitors, which shall as far as practicable be located
opposite to each other.
3.1.10 Foam hydrants are to be so arranged that
any part of the protected area can be reached with at
least one foam applicator and hose.
One foam hydrant is to be arranged at the access to
any area to be protected. The total of foam applica-
tors available shall not be less than four.
3.1.11 Foam storage tanks, associated pumps, pro-
portioners and controls shall be located in a safe area
not likely to be cut off in the event of a fire in a pro-
tected area.
3.1.12 The operation of the foam system shall not
impair the simultaneous use of any water fire fighting
installation required by the applicable rules and regu-
lations.
3.2 CO2 systems
3.2.1 Permanently installed CO2 systems may be
used in enclosed spaces, except accommodations.
3.2.2 The system is to be arranged for manual
initiation of release only.
3.2.3 CO2 cylinders, associated pressure compo-
nents and piping shall be approved in respect of ma-
terials, design and manufacture. Special attention is
to be paid to the risk of icing of quick-flooding lines.
3.2.4 The pipes for conveying the gas shall be
provided with control valves so marked as to indicate
clearly the compartments to which the pipes are led.
3.2.5 Gas cylinder storage rooms or areas shall be
situated at a safe and readily accessible position and
be effectively ventilated. Any entrance to storage
rooms should preferably be from the open air and in
any case shall be independent of the protected space.
Access doors shall be gastight and open outward.
Bulkheads and decks, which form the boundaries of
such rooms, shall be gastight and adequately insu-
lated to prevent an excessive rise in temperature in
III - Part 2 Section 11 E Fire Safety Chapter 6
GL 2000 Page 11–13

the room. Any of' the boundaries which are contigu- 4. Portable and mobile fire extinguishers
ous with the protected space are to be A-60 Class
Water, dry powder, CO2 or foam may be used as extin-
division.
guishing agents for the portable and mobile fire extin-
guishers to be provided in accordance with the Rules
3.2.6 Means shall be provided for automatically and possibly with additional national regulations.
giving audible and visual warning of the release of
Detail requirements may be gathered from the GL
CO2 gas into any space to which personnel normally
Rules for Offshore Installations, Chapter 4, Section 10,
have access. The alarm shall operate for a suitable E.1.
period before the gas is released.
5. Firemen's outfit
3.2.7 Means shall be provided for stopping all The firemen's outfit may be chosen according to the
ventilation fans and closing openings serving the Rules mentioned above, Section 10, E.2.
protected spaces, before the medium is released.
The regulations of the competent Administration may
have to be observed.
3.2.8 For details regarding fittings, pipe connec-
tions, delivery rates, warning signs etc. see the GL
Rules for Offshore Installations, Chapter 4, Section
10, D.2.