DIGITAL ENERGY

Innovative Industry Solutions in

Advanced Energy Management
System
- Dr. Saugata S. Biswas

Confidential. Not to be copied, distributed, or reproduced without prior approval.

DIGITAL ENERGY
Greatest Engineering Achievements of the 20th Century
(As Voted by the US National Academy of Engineers in 2001)

20. High-performance materials 10. Air Conditioning & Refrigeration

19. Nuclear Technologies 09. Telephone
18. Laser & Fiber Optics 08. Computers
17. Petroleum & Petrochemical Technologies 07. Agricultural Mechanization
16. Health Technologies 06. Radio & Television
15. Household Appliances 05. Electronics
14. Imaging 04. Water Supply & Distribution
13. Internet 03. Airplane
12. Spacecraft 02. Automobile
11. Highways 01. Electrification

Electrical Power Grid is the largest and one of the most complex manmade
machines in existence today that must strive to run 24 x 7 x 365
Confidential. Not to be copied, distributed, or reproduced without prior approval.
GE - CONFIDENTIAL- Not to be copied, reproduced or distributed outside of GE without prior approval.
DIGITAL ENERGY
Grid Control Centers focus on
Reliability, Economics, Efficiency

Power System Control Centers manage the

flow of energy in the grid:

Energy Management System (EMS)

manages the ‘physical flow’ of the higher
voltage transmission system

Distribution Management System (DMS)

manages the ‘physical flow’ of the lower
voltage distribution’ system

Market Management System (MMS)

manages the ‘financial flow’ amongst
electricity market participants

Confidential. Not to be copied, distributed, or reproduced without prior approval.

GE - CONFIDENTIAL- Not to be copied, reproduced or distributed outside of GE without prior approval.
 DIGITAL ENERGY
Key Components of a Conventional
Energy Management System (EMS) in a Grid Control Center

SCADA APP GENERATION APP(s) NETWORK APP(s)

(Supervisory Control & Data Acquisition) (Power Generation System Analysis) (Power Transmission System Analysis)

• Measurements • Automatic Generation Control (AGC) • Powerflow (Study)

• Remote Control • Security Constrained Unit Commitment • State Estimator (Realtime)
• Historical Recording • Security Constrained Economic Dispatch • Contingency Analysis (Study & Realtime)
• Load Forecast • Security Enhancement (Study & Realtime)

Communication Server Inter Control Center Historical Data

Data Acquisition Communication Warehouse

Realtime System User

Database Modeling Interface

Confidential. Not to be copied, distributed, or reproduced without prior approval.

GE - CONFIDENTIAL- Not to be copied, reproduced or distributed outside of GE without prior approval.
 DIGITAL ENERGY
Key Challenges in the Power Transmission Industry
Conventional Challenges –

1. Electricity Demand changes every second, and needs to be always met

by the Energy Supply for the grid to be reliable (Note: Large Amounts of
Electricity cannot be stored economically and efficiently yet)

Emerging New Challenges posing higher risk to the security and

reliability of the grid than ever before –

1. Increasing System Load (and Generation) tends to stress the

Transmission System more and more, with changing Generation Mix
reducing the Grid Inertia

2. Ageing Transmission assets tend to show different behavior than what

their corresponding conventional model values for analysis suggest

3. Growing Climate Change resulting in severe weather conditions

(severe storms, cyclones, hurricanes, tornadoes, wildfires, floods, etc.)
have started having significant impact on power grid operations

Confidential. Not to be copied, distributed, or reproduced without prior approval.

GE - CONFIDENTIAL- Not to be copied, reproduced or distributed outside of GE without prior approval.
 Innovation Solutions are Needed for Meeting the
DIGITAL ENERGY

Emerging New Challenges in the Power Transmission Engineering Industry

The Road is Changing…

Realtime Realtime
Predictive Monitoring
Assessment Assessment

Road in the Past

Realtime Realtime
Model Validation Management of
& Calibration Emergency Operations

Road in the Future

Confidential. Not to be copied, distributed, or reproduced without prior approval.
GE - CONFIDENTIAL- Not to be copied, reproduced or distributed outside of GE without prior approval.
DIGITAL ENERGY

Innovative Solution for

‘Realtime Monitoring & Predictive Assessment’
in the Power System Engineering Industry

Confidential. Not to be copied, distributed, or reproduced without prior approval.

GE - CONFIDENTIAL- Not to be copied, reproduced or distributed outside of GE without prior approval.
 Wide Area Management System
DIGITAL ENERGY
Increase Reliability and Resiliency
Facilitate Higher renewable penetration
With Phasor Measurement Accelerate disturbance analysis with true data
Units (PMUs), the ‘invisible’
becomes ‘visible’!
SCADA Resolution from RTU – 1s to 10s – 1 phase

See and Act

at the Speed
WAMS Resolution from PMU – 1ms to 5ms – 3 phases
of Electrons

Confidential. Not to be copied, distributed, or reproduced without prior approval.

GE - CONFIDENTIAL- Not to be copied, reproduced or distributed outside of GE without prior approval.
DIGITAL ENERGY
Realtime PMU Angle &
Network Model Based Prediction & Control of Power Grid Stress

Key Approach & Core Functional Philosophy

- Use PMU-based Angle difference measurements and model-based sensitivities to provide post-contingency angle
difference prediction and control at seconds’ interval

- Realtime indicator of post-contingent stress across an area, provides suggestions for unit-based control to reduce post-
contingent stress as preventive control

Patent

- Manu Parashar, Anil Jampala, Jay Giri, Saugata S. Biswas, “Angle-based Management of a Power Grid System”, US Patent
10,495,677 granted to General Electric Technology GmbH, Redmond, December 3, 2019.

Confidential. Not to be copied, distributed, or reproduced without prior approval.

GE - CONFIDENTIAL- Not to be copied, reproduced or distributed outside of GE without prior approval.
DIGITAL ENERGY
Realtime Angle-Frequency PMU Alarm &
Network Topology Based Power Grid Disturbance & Event Analysis

Key Approach & Core Functional Philosophy

- Correlate PMU based alarms with topological changes to provide context and understanding to operators for situational
awareness

- Realtime Identification of location, magnitude, and impact of disturbance events like line-trip, unit-trip, load shed,
islanding (formation, merge, and synchronization)

Patents

- Saugata S. Biswas, Manu Parashar, Anil Jampala, “Enhanced Disturbance Management of a Power Grid System”, US
Patent 10,739,396 granted to General Electric Technology GmbH, Redmond, August 11, 2020.

- Manu Parashar, Anil Jampala, Jay Giri, Saugata S. Biswas, “Enhanced Island Management Application for Power Grid
Systems”, US Patent 10,291,029 granted to General Electric Technology GmbH, Redmond, May 14, 2019.

Confidential. Not to be copied, distributed, or reproduced without prior approval.

GE - CONFIDENTIAL- Not to be copied, reproduced or distributed outside of GE without prior approval.
DIGITAL ENERGY

Innovative Solution for

‘Realtime Model Validation & Calibration’
in the Power System Engineering Industry

Confidential. Not to be copied, distributed, or reproduced without prior approval.

GE - CONFIDENTIAL- Not to be copied, reproduced or distributed outside of GE without prior approval.
DIGITAL ENERGY
Challenges Faced in the
Power Transmission Engineering Industry

• Significant errors in Branch Impedance model parameters (e.g.- R,

X, Bch) can adversely impact different Study & Realtime Network
Applications in the EMS
• ISOs / RCs may not have direct access to the original model data
of all the lines (e.g. – based on conductor type, length, etc.) or
transformers (e.g. – based on nameplate rating, test report, etc.)
• Manual validation of line and transformer impedance model
parameters is extremely laborious and time consuming
• Manual calibration of line and transformer impedance model
parameters may not be a feasible approach
• Actual parameters (especially for lines) may change with time
(e.g. – due to sagging, etc.) without being detected in realtime

Confidential. Not to be copied, distributed, or reproduced without prior approval.

GE - CONFIDENTIAL- Not to be copied, reproduced or distributed outside of GE without prior approval.
 Core Philosophy to Address the Challenges:
DIGITAL ENERGY

Online Network Model Validation & Calibration

Key Approach & Core Functional Philosophy

- Gets Input Measurements from SCADA & PMUs (if available) and Power System State Estimates from SE in Realtime to
reverse engineer the Branch Impedance

- Based on a Novel ‘Hierarchical Multi-Timepoint Data-based’ Estimation Technique

- Short-Term Parameter Estimation is based on Weighted-Least Squares Estimation Philosophy, with relatively higher
weights on Multi-Timepoint Measurements

- Long-Term Parameter Estimation is based on filtering of ‘good’ Multi-timepoint Short-Term Estimates

- Historical Parameter Estimation is based on filtering of Multi-Timepoint Long-Term Estimates

Patent

- Saugata Biswas, Srinivas Musunuri, Weiguo Wang, Siddharth Likhate, “Estimation of Electrical Grid Parameters”, US Patent
10,852,335 granted to General Electric Technology GmbH, Redmond, December 1, 2020.

Confidential. Not to be copied, distributed, or reproduced without prior approval.

GE - CONFIDENTIAL- Not to be copied, reproduced or distributed outside of GE without prior approval. 12
DIGITAL ENERGY

Innovative Solution for

‘Realtime Management of Emergency Grid Operations’
in the Power System Engineering Industry

Confidential. Not to be copied, distributed, or reproduced without prior approval.

GE - CONFIDENTIAL- Not to be copied, reproduced or distributed outside of GE without prior approval.
 DIGITAL ENERGY
Power System Operations Usecases / Challenges
that need to be Addressed

Power System Operations

Normal Power System Emergency Power System

Operations Operations

Key Activities Involved in Normal Power System Operations

Severe Weather-induced Power System
▪ Realtime Monitoring & Assessment of Power System Power System Outages Restoration
▪ Pre-planned & Pre-validated Switch Order Plans based on
Planned Maintenance Requirements & Power System Loading Key Activities Involved in Emergency Power System
▪ Execution of Switch Order Plans Operations

▪ Realtime Monitoring & Assessment of Power System

▪ Realtime Creation of different types of Emergency Operational
Plans based on various Power System factors and Non-Power
System factors
▪ Realtime Validation and Execution of Plans

Confidential. Not to be copied, distributed, or reproduced without prior approval.

GE - CONFIDENTIAL- Not to be copied, reproduced or distributed outside of GE without prior approval.
 Key Information on
DIGITAL ENERGY

Application for Outage & Restoration Management

Key Approach & Core Functional Philosophy

- Realtime Situational Awareness

- Data Management for Basecase Preparation

- Digitization of different types of Plans in Operational Node-Breaker format

- Generation of small- and large-scale Operational Plans (for Normal & Emergency Grid Conditions)

- Predictive Basecase Assessment of Plans

- Predictive Contingency Assessment of Plans

- Automated Dynamic Assessment of Plans

- Automated Report Generation

Patent

- Saugata S. Biswas, Srinivas Musunuri, Anil Jampala, Manu Parashar, Siddharth Likhate, “Realtime Electrical Grid Restoration”,
US Patent Publication No. 20190260230, General Electric Technology GmbH, Redmond, published in August 2019.
Confidential. Not to be copied, distributed, or reproduced without prior approval.
GE - CONFIDENTIAL- Not to be copied, reproduced or distributed outside of GE without prior approval. 15
Q&A