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National Level Accountability Framework Key Issues With Respect To Corruption - Syed Kamal Shah
National Level Accountability Framework Key Issues With Respect To Corruption - Syed Kamal Shah
NATIONAL LEVEL
ACCOUNTABILITY FRAMEWORK:
KEY ISSUES WITH RESPECT TO
CORRUPTION
BY
SYED KAMAL SHAH
S.I, S.St. PSP (Retd)
1
INTRODUCTION
2
INTRODUCTION
(Cont’’’d):
• Corruption remains a matter of grave concern in
Pakistan. Corruption in Pakistan has reached
unprecedented levels during the last couple of years.
• This year the country has recorded the highest level of
corruption, as measured by the Transparency
International Pakistan in its 2012 report.
• Pakistan has become more corrupt since the last
assessment is now ranked 42 compared with the
previous ranking of 33.
• Laws to curb corruption are there, but these laws are
required to be enforced and rigorously implemented.
3
TYPES OF CORRUPTION
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NATIONAL ACCOUNTABILITY
FRAMEWORK
Accountability Structures
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NATIONAL ACCOUNTABILITY BUREAU
(NAB)
• The National Accountability Bureau is Pakistan’s apex
anti-corruption body.
• Responsible for elimination of corruption through a
holistic approach of awareness. Prevention and
enforcement.
• It operates under National Accountability Ordinance
1999.
• Notwithstanding numerous hurdles like inefficient
manpower, budgetary cuts, non-cooperation from other
departments, frequent changes and last but not the
least politicization of the Bureau, it has done fairly well.
6
FEDERAL INVESTIGATION AGENCY
(FIA)
• Federal Criminal Investigative body.
• Carries wide range of responsibilities including anti-
corruption.
• The Agency has the wherewith-all to deal with
corruption but unfortunately it is also mired in political
expediencies.
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ANTI-CORRUPTION DEPARTMENTS
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RECOMMENDATIONS
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EFFECTIVE ANTI-CORRUPTION
LEGISLATION
• Reporting conflicts of interest.
• Politicians and state officials must disclose their assets
before appointment and then annually during their
tenure/ service.
• Freedom of information legislation – information should
be available to public at large.
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EFFECTIVE ANTI-CORRUPTION
LEGISLATION
(Cont’’d):
• Emoluments of civil servants in general and anti-
corruption officials in particular.
• Whistle blower protection / job security would give
much needed confidence to employees to expose
corruption.
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ANTI-CORRUPTION TOOLKIT
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CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
Causes of Corruption
Institutional Political
Inefficiency Instability
13
KEY DRAWERS OF CORRUPTION IN
PAKISTAN
misuse of agencies by
government
Weak institutions
poor investigation
no fair accountability
Causes of Corruption
Lack of accountability
incompatible legal judicial
Lack of transparency system
Monopoly of power
Discretion of power
15
KEY ISSUES WITH RESPECT TO
CORRUPTION
• Loan default.
• Tax evasion.
• Weak regulatory system.
• Delivery failures of civil institutions.
• Nexus of elites (politician, bureaucrats, businessmen
including foreign companies and technocrats).
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THANK YOU
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