Vehicle Thermal Management– Introduction
The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) groups vehicles
into the following categories with respect to their
Propulsion source:
1) Gasoline Vehicles
Gasoline and diesel vehicles are similar. They both use
internal combustion engines. A gasoline car typically uses
a spark-ignited internal combustion engine, rather than
the compression-ignited systems used in diesel vehicles.
2) Hybrid Electric Vehicles
Hybrid electric vehicles are powered by an internal
combustion engine and an electric motor, which uses
energy stored in batteries. The battery is charged
through regenerative braking and by the internal
combustion engine.
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Gasoline Vehicles– An Overview of Key Components
Internal combustion engine: Fuel is injected in the
combustion chamber, where it is combined with air, and the
air/fuel mixture is ignited by the spark from a spark plug.
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Gasoline Vehicles– An Overview of Key Components
Battery:
The battery provides
electricity to start the
engine and power vehicle
electronics/accessories.
Fuel injection system: This system introduces fuel into
the engine's combustion chambers for ignition.
Fuel line: A metal tube or flexible hose transfers fuel
from the tank to the engine's fuel injection system.
Fuel pump: A pump that transfers fuel from the tank to
the engine's fuel injection system via the fuel line.
Fuel tank: This tank stores gasoline on board the
vehicle until it's needed by the engine.
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Vehicle Thermal Management– Introduction
3) Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles
Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) typically use
batteries to power an electric motor and gasoline to
power an internal combustion engine. PHEV batteries
can be charged using a wall outlet or charging station,
by the ICE, or through regenerative braking.
4) All Electric Vehicles
All-electric vehicles have an electric motor instead of
an internal combustion engine. The vehicle uses a large
battery pack to power the electric motor and must be
plugged in to a charging station or wall outlet to charge.
The vehicle emits no exhaust from a tailpipe and does
not contain the typical liquid fuel components, such as a
fuel pump, fuel line, or fuel tank.
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Slide # 1 Slide # 2
Gasoline Vehicles– An Overview of Key Components
Transmission:
The transmission
transfers mechanical
power from the engine
to drive the wheels.
Electronic control module (ECM): The ECM controls the
fuel mixture, ignition timing, and emissions system;
monitors the operation of the vehicle; safeguards the
engine; and detects and troubleshoots problems.
Exhaust system: The exhaust system channels the
exhaust gases from the engine out through the tailpipe.
A three-way catalyst is designed to reduce engine-out
emissions within the exhaust system.
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Slide # 3 Slide # 4
Hybrid Electric Vehicles–Key Components
Electric traction motor: Using power from the traction
battery pack, this motor drives the vehicle's wheels.
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Slide # 5 Slide # 6
1
 Hybrid Electric Vehicles–Key Components Hybrid Electric Vehicles–Key Components
Cooling system:
Traction battery pack: This system maintains a
Stores electricity for proper operating
temperature range of the
use by the electric
engine, electric motor,
traction motor. power electronics, and
other components.
Battery: The auxiliary battery provides electricity to
start the car before the traction battery is engaged DC/DC converter: This device converts higher-voltage DC
and also powers vehicle accessories. power from the traction battery pack to the lower-voltage
DC power needed to run vehicle accessories and recharge the
Electric generator: Generates electricity from the auxiliary battery.
rotating wheels while braking, transferring that energy
Power electronics controller: This unit manages the flow of
back to the traction battery pack. Some vehicles use
electrical energy delivered by the traction battery,
motor generators that perform both the drive and controlling the speed of the electric traction motor and the
regeneration functions. torque it produces.
"The lecture presentations and slides are provided for educational purposes in this course. No part of them should be "The lecture presentations and slides are provided for educational purposes in this course. No part of them should be
shared outside of the Blackboard Learn-University of Windsor platform." https://afdc.energy.gov/ https://evdummy.com/ shared outside of the Blackboard Learn-University of Windsor platform." https://afdc.energy.gov/ https://evdummy.com/
Slide # 7 Slide # 8

Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles–Key Components Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles–Key Components

Onboard charger: Takes the incoming AC electricity supplied

via the charge port and converts it to DC power for charging
Charge port: The charge port allows the vehicle to connect the traction battery. It monitors battery characteristics
to an external power supply in order to charge the traction such as voltage, current, temperature, and state of charge
battery pack. while charging the pack.
"The lecture presentations and slides are provided for educational purposes in this course. No part of them should be "The lecture presentations and slides are provided for educational purposes in this course. No part of them should be
shared outside of the Blackboard Learn-University of Windsor platform." https://afdc.energy.gov/ https://evdummy.com/ shared outside of the Blackboard Learn-University of Windsor platform." https://afdc.energy.gov/ https://evdummy.com/
Slide # 9 Slide # 10

Electric Vehicles–Key Components Schematic of All-Electric Vehicles

Charging Supply AC On Board

Charger Port
Charger Pedal

DC Wheels
Pump Power Controller
Computer

Traction
Battery Pack DC AC Transmission
Inverter Induction Motor Gearbox

Cooling
High DC
System

DC/DC Battery Auxiliaries Wheels

Converter Low DC

The All-electric vehicle uses a large battery pack to power

the electric motor. The vehicle contains all key components
of electric vehicles but does not contain the typical Gasoline
vehicles components.
"The lecture presentations and slides are provided for educational purposes in this course. No part of them should be "The lecture presentations and slides are provided for educational purposes in this course. No part of them should be
shared outside of the Blackboard Learn-University of Windsor platform." https://afdc.energy.gov/ https://evdummy.com/ shared outside of the Blackboard Learn-University of Windsor platform." https://afdc.energy.gov/ https://evdummy.com/
Slide # 11 Slide # 12