ST.

THERESE-MTC COLLEGES
ILOILO, PHILIPPINES

D-WATCH 2
(DECK WATCHKEEPING WITH BRIDGE RESOURCE MANAGEMENT

STEPHEN T. TO-ONG
BSMT 3-5

MIDTERM

Checkpoint
Activity 1. True Or False
Directions: Write True if the statement is correct and False if it is wrong. Write your answers in the
space provided before each number.
TRUE 1. The carriage of dangerous goods and the marine environment in the seagoing ship is
respectively regulated in the international convention.

TRUE 2. Flammable gas is a gas which ignites or contact within ignition sources such as
acetylene and hydrogen.

FALSE____3. Explosive with severe a projection hazard consists of explosives that have a rejection
hazard but not a mass explosion hazard. PROJECTION

FALSE____4. Flammable liquid means a liquid which may catch fire easily or any texture having on
more components. MIXTURE

FALSE____5. Corrosive substances mean substances which, by critical action, will cause severe
damage or even destroy other goods or the means of transportation. CHEMICAL

FALSE____6. On ships carrying hazardous cargo other than the container, the master shall take full
account of nature, quantity, packing, and stowage. BULK

TRUE 7. Dangerous goods mean the substance, material, and article that are covered by the
IMDG Code.

TRUE 8. Hazardous goods usual to the trade are allowed to be stored in quantities and a manner
as permitted by law.

TRUE __ 9. Fire onboard is one of the most hazardous emergencies for a vessel.

TRUE 10. The seafarer must understand that no enclosed space to be entered without following
precautions even in an emergency.

FALSE____11. The rescuer entering the enclosed space must wear an SCBA and rescue basket for
the use of casualty. HARNESS

TRUE 12. Seafarer is aware of the danger of enclosed spaces and learns the correct entry
procedure.

TRUE 13. If possible dangerous goods should be handled and stowed during daylight hour.

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 ST. THERESE-MTC COLLEGES
ILOILO, PHILIPPINES

D-WATCH 2
(DECK WATCHKEEPING WITH BRIDGE RESOURCE MANAGEMENT

STEPHEN T. TO-ONG
BSMT 3-5

MIDTERM
FALSE____14. Communication with the rescue responder who, in turn, should appraise the Master of
the event. SUPERVISOR

TRUE ____15. Naked light and smoking should be prohibited in or near Dangerous goods

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 ST. THERESE-MTC COLLEGES
ILOILO, PHILIPPINES

D-WATCH 2
(DECK WATCHKEEPING WITH BRIDGE RESOURCE MANAGEMENT

STEPHEN T. TO-ONG
BSMT 3-5

MIDTERM
Assessment

Directions: Answer the following question briefly. Write your answer in the space provided after each
number.
1. Identify the different types of hazardous cargo and explain each.

Class 1:Explosives

Subclass 1.1: Explosives with a mass explosion hazard

Consists of explosives that have a mass explosion hazard. A mass explosion is one which affects
almost the entire load instantaneously.
Subclass 1.2: Explosives with a severe projection hazard

Consists of explosives that have a projection hazard but not a mass explosion hazard.
Subclass 1.3: Explosives with a fire

Consists of explosives that have a fire hazard and either a minor blast hazard or a minor projection
hazard or both but not a mass explosion hazard.
Subclass 1.4: Minor fire or projection hazard

Consists of explosives that present a minor explosion hazard. The explosive effects are largely
confined to the package and no projection of fragments of appreciable size or range is to be expected.
An external fire must not cause virtually instantaneous explosion of almost the entire contents of the
package.
Subclass 1.5: An insensitive substance with a mass explosion hazard

Consists of very insensitive explosives with a mass explosion hazard (explosion similar to 1.1). This
division is comprised of substances which have a mass explosion hazard but are so insensitive that
there is very little probability of initiation or of transition from burning to detonation under normal
conditions of transport.
Subclass 1.6: Extremely insensitive articles

Consists of extremely insensitive articles which do not have a mass explosive hazard. This division is
comprised of articles which contain only extremely insensitive detonating substances and which
demonstrate a negligible probability of accidental initiation or propagation.

Class 2 :Gases

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 ST. THERESE-MTC COLLEGES
ILOILO, PHILIPPINES

D-WATCH 2
(DECK WATCHKEEPING WITH BRIDGE RESOURCE MANAGEMENT

STEPHEN T. TO-ONG
BSMT 3-5

MIDTERM
Subclass 2.1: Flammable Gas

Gases which ignite on contact with an ignition source, such as acetylene and hydrogen. Flammable
gas means any material which is ignitable at 101.3 kPa (14.7 psi) when in a mixture of 13 percent or
less by volume with air, or has a flammable range at 101.3 kPa (14.7 psi) with air of at least 12 percent
regardless of the lower limit.
Subclass 2.2: Non-Flammable Gases

Gases which are neither flammable nor poisonous. Includes the cryogenic gases/liquids (temperatures
of below -100°C) used for cryopreservation and rocket fuels. This division includes compressed gas,
liquefied gas, pressurized cryogenic gas, compressed gas in solution, asphyxiant gas and oxidizing
gas. A non-flammable, nonpoisonous compressed gas means any material which exerts in the
packaging an absolute pressure of 280 kPa (40.6 psia) or greater at 20°C (68°F), and does not meet
the definition of Division 2.1 or 2.3.
Subclass 2.3: Poisonous Gases

Gases liable to cause death or serious injury to human health if inhaled. Gas poisonous by inhalation
means a material which is a gas at 20°C or less and a pressure of 101.3 kPa (a material which has a
boiling point of 20°C or less at 101.3kPa (14.7 psi)) which is known to be so toxic to humans as to
pose a hazard to health during transportation, or in the absence of adequate data on human toxicity, is
presumed to be toxic to humans because when tested on laboratory animals it has an LC50 value of
not more than 5000 ml/m3.

Class 3:Flammable Liquids

A flammable liquid means a liquid which may catch fire easily or any mixture having one or more
components whith any flash point. As example: acetone, diesel, gasoline, kerosene, oil etc.
Transportation is strongly recommended at or above its flash point in a bulk packaging. There are three
main groups of flammable liquid.
Low flash point - liquids with flash point below -18°C
Intermediate flash point - liquids with flash point from -18°C. up to +23°C
High flash point group - liquids with flash point from +23°C

Class 4:Flammable solids or substances

Subclass 4.1: Flammable solids

For the purpose of this Code, flammable solids means readily combustible solids and solids which may
causefire through friction.
Subclass 4.1: Self-reactive substances

Self-reactive substances are thermally unstable substances liable to undergo a strongly exothermic
decomposition even without participation of oxygen (air).
Subclass 4.1: Solid desensitized explosives
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 ST. THERESE-MTC COLLEGES
ILOILO, PHILIPPINES

D-WATCH 2
(DECK WATCHKEEPING WITH BRIDGE RESOURCE MANAGEMENT

STEPHEN T. TO-ONG
BSMT 3-5

MIDTERM

Solid desensitized explosives are explosive substances which are wetted with water or alcohols or are
diluted with other substances to form a homogeneous solid mixture to suppress their explosive
properties.
Subclass 4.1: Polymerizing substances and mixtures (stabilized)

Polymerizing substances are substances which, without stabilization, are liable to undergo a strongly
exothermic reaction resulting in the formation of larger molecules or resulting in the formation of
polymers under conditions normally encountered in transport. Explosives included under class 1
however deactivated or substances specially included under this class by the producer.
Subclass 4.2: Substances liable to spontaneous combustion

Subclass 4.2: Comprises

1 Pyrophoric substances, which are substances, including mixtures and solutions (liquid or solid),
which, even in small quantities, ignite within 5 minutes of coming into contact with air. These
substances are the most liable to spontaneous combustion; and 2 Self-heating substances, which are
substances, other than pyrophoric substances, which, in contact with air without energy supply, are
liable to self-heating. These substances will ignite only when in large amounts (kilograms) and after
long periods of time (hours or days).
Subclass 4.3: Substances which, in contact with water, emit flammable gases

For the purpose of this Code, the substances in this class are either liquids or solids which, by
interaction with water, are liable to become spontaneously flammable or to give off flammable gases in
dangerous quantities.

Class 5: Oxidizing substances and organic peroxides

Subclass 5.1: Oxidizing substances

Substances which, while in themselves not necessarily combustible, may, generally by yielding
oxygen,cause, or contribute to, the combustion of other material. Such substances may be contained
in an article.
Subclass 5.2: Organic peroxides

Organic substances which contain the bivalent –O–O– structure and may be considered derivatives of
hydrogen peroxide, where one or both of the hydrogen atoms have been replaced by organic radicals.
Organic peroxides are thermally unstable substances which may undergo exothermic self-accelerating
decomposition.

Subclass 6.1: Toxic substances

Toxic substances which are able to cause death or serious hazard to humans health during

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 ST. THERESE-MTC COLLEGES
ILOILO, PHILIPPINES

D-WATCH 2
(DECK WATCHKEEPING WITH BRIDGE RESOURCE MANAGEMENT

STEPHEN T. TO-ONG
BSMT 3-5

MIDTERM
transportation.
Subclass 6.2: Infectious substances

These are substances known or reasonably expected to contain pathogens. Pathogens are defined as
microorganisms (including bacteria, viruses, rickettsiae, parasites, fungi) and other agents such as
prions, which can cause disease in humans or animals.
 
Class 7:Radioactive material

Radioactive material means any material containing radionuclides where both the activity
concentration and the total activity in the consignment exceed the values specified in 2.7.2.2.1 to
2.7.2.2.6.

Class 8:Corrosive substances

Class 8 substances (corrosive substances) means substances which, by chemical action, will cause
severe damage when in contact with living tissue or, in the case of leakage, will materially damage, or
even destroy, other goods or the means of transport.

Class 9:Miscellaneous dangerous substances and articles and environmentally hazardous substances

substances and articles (miscellaneous dangerous substances and articles) are substances and
articles which, during transport, present a danger not covered by other classes.
 Substances which, by inhalation as fine dust, may endanger health
 Substances evolving flammable vapour
 Lithium batteries
 Life-saving appliances
 Capacitors
 Substances and articles which, in the event of fire, may form dioxins
 Substances transported or offered for transport at elevated temperatures
 Environmentally hazardous substances
 Genetically modified microorganisms (GMMOs) and genetically modified organisms (GMOs)Other
substances or articles presenting a danger during transport, but not meeting the definitions of another
class.
Checkpoint
Activity 1. Fill in the blank

Directions: Write the missing word/s to complete the paragraph below. Write your answer on the space
provided.

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 ST. THERESE-MTC COLLEGES
ILOILO, PHILIPPINES

D-WATCH 2
(DECK WATCHKEEPING WITH BRIDGE RESOURCE MANAGEMENT

STEPHEN T. TO-ONG
BSMT 3-5

MIDTERM
Bridge Resource Management (BRM), or as it is also called Bridge Team Management (BTM),
is the EFFECTIVE management and utilization of all resources, human and technical, available to the
Bridge Team to ensure the safe COMPLETION of the vessel’s voyage

Bridge Resource Management or BRM was adopted in the early 1990s by the MARITIME
industry as a safety and error management tool and has now become an INTEGRAL parts of crew’s
training. BRM makes use of all available resources, including equipment and information and human
RESOURCES to achieve safe operation.

BRM plays an important role in ENVIRONMENTS where human error can have
DEVASTATING effects. It has proven to be an important tool for improving safety in the maritime
INDUSTRY and thus prevent the recurrence of INCIDENTS. It can thus help to support a safer and
more efficient execution of operations by BLENDING technical skills and human skills.

Teamwork-BRM focuses on team building and team working in a team helps to address
CHALLENGES together faced by crewmembers daily. A team approach ENSURES that all crew
members are involved in problem-solving and are not just mere spectators. We should BEAR in mind
the famous proverb by Henry Ford, coming together is a beginning; keeping together is progress and
WORKING together is a success. Team discussions are essential for learning and refining BRM. A
good team should anticipate A DANGEROUS situation and recognize the development of an error
chain. On the bridge, the watch officer and lookout personnel should work as a team to ensure safe
navigation.

Assessment

Direction: Answer the following question briefly. Write your answer in the space provided after each
number.
1. Discuss the importance of Bridge Resource Management

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 ST. THERESE-MTC COLLEGES
ILOILO, PHILIPPINES

D-WATCH 2
(DECK WATCHKEEPING WITH BRIDGE RESOURCE MANAGEMENT

STEPHEN T. TO-ONG
BSMT 3-5

MIDTERM
Bridge Resource Management is designed for officers and carried out in a full-mission
simulator environment. The course aims at reducing the number of errors as well as their
consequences by focusing on the human factors element. Furthermore, it aims at
ensuring safety on board by improving deck officers’ ability to manage crisis and emergency
situations.

The lessons give an increased knowledge, understanding and attention towards the impact of
human factors on board. They will, moreover, create a basis for developing and using BRM
skills in the daily routines as well as in emergency situations. In order to improve BRM
expertise, the course will contribute to an understanding of the definitions and limitations of
BRM skills in order to increase knowledge of methods and tools.

2. What are the important and integral components of communication?

Context - Communication is affected by the context in which it takes place. This context may be
physical, social, chronological or cultural. Every communication proceeds with context. The
sender chooses the message to communicate within a context.

Sender / Encoder - Sender / Encoder is a person who sends the message. A sender makes
use of symbols (words or graphic or visual aids) to convey the message and produce the
required response. For instance - a training manager conducting training for new batch of
employees. Sender may be an individual or a group or an organization. The views, background,
approach, skills, competencies, and knowledge of the sender have a great impact on the
message. The verbal and non verbal symbols chosen are essential in ascertaining
interpretation of the message by the recipient in the same terms as intended by the sender.

Message - Message is a key idea that the sender wants to communicate. It is a sign that elicits
the response of recipient. Communication process begins with deciding about the message to
be conveyed. It must be ensured that the main objective of the message is clear.

Medium - Medium is a means used to exchange / transmit the message. The sender must
choose an appropriate medium for transmitting the message else the message might not be
conveyed to the desired recipients. The choice of appropriate medium of communication is
essential for making the message effective and correctly interpreted by the recipient. This
choice of communication medium varies depending upon the features of communication. For
instance - Written medium is chosen when a message has to be conveyed to a small group of
people, while an oral medium is chosen when spontaneous feedback is required from the
recipient as misunderstandings are cleared then and there.

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 ST. THERESE-MTC COLLEGES
ILOILO, PHILIPPINES

D-WATCH 2
(DECK WATCHKEEPING WITH BRIDGE RESOURCE MANAGEMENT

STEPHEN T. TO-ONG
BSMT 3-5

MIDTERM
Recipient / Decoder - Recipient / Decoder is a person for whom the message is intended /
aimed / targeted. The degree to which the decoder understands the message is dependent
upon various factors such as knowledge of recipient, their responsiveness to the message, and
the reliance of encoder on decoder.

Feedback - Feedback is the main component of communication process as it permits the

sender to analyze the efficacy of the message. It helps the sender in confirming the correct
interpretation of message by the decoder. Feedback may be verbal (through words) or non-
verbal (in form of smiles, sighs, etc.). It may take written form also in form of memos, reports,
etc.

3. Explain what is situational leadership briefly.

Situational leadership is a leadership style that has been developed and studied by Kenneth
Blanchard and Paul Hersey. Situational leadership refers to when the leader or manager of an
organization must adjust his style to fit the development level of the followers he is trying to influence.
With situational leadership, it is up to the leader to change his style, not the follower to adapt to the
leader’s style. In situational leadership, the style may change continually to meet the needs of others
in the organization based on the situation.

Checkpoint
Activity 1. Multiple Choice

Directions: Encircle the letter of the correct answer

1. What instrument to measure the speed and distance traveled by ship?

a. Doppler log c. Electromagnetic log
b. Speed log d. Voltage log

9|Page
 ST. THERESE-MTC COLLEGES
ILOILO, PHILIPPINES

D-WATCH 2
(DECK WATCHKEEPING WITH BRIDGE RESOURCE MANAGEMENT

STEPHEN T. TO-ONG
BSMT 3-5

MIDTERM
2. What instrument that measures speed over the ground?
a. Speed log c. Doppler log
b. Electromagnetic log d. Voltage log
3. Where the distance traveled in one hour with respect to water?
a. Speed over the water c. Speed over the ground
b. Course over the ground d. Course over the water
4. What log measures the speed of a vessel through the water?
a. Electromagnetic c. Acoustic log
b. Pressure log d. Doppler log
5. What instrument was used in the ship to measure the ship’s relative speed?
a. Speed log c. Doppler log
b. Voltage log d. Acoustic log
6. Which counteracts the effect of the ship trim?
a. Janus configuration c. Acoustic correlation
b. Navigation System d. Speed measuring
7. Which improved logging techniques have made use of log data for information evaluation
possible on a broad basis?
a. Conjunction c. Determination
b. Calibration d. Information
8. What to be feed when ship speed transmitted to remote display?
a. Course c. Output
b. Speed d. Computer
9. Who utilizes frequency that shifts the effect to determine the speed of a vessel through the
water?
a. Doppler transducer c. Sound pulse
b. Doppler frequency d. Solid transducer

10. What electromagnetic log accuracy system on 0.1% of the range use fore and aft direction?
a. 1% c. 3%
b. 2% d. 4%

11. Where can Doppler log calculate speed relative to the seabed?
a. Bottom track c. Stern track
b. Bow track d. Water track
12. When the calculation of the transversal speed of the system on Doppler log uses?

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 ST. THERESE-MTC COLLEGES
ILOILO, PHILIPPINES

D-WATCH 2
(DECK WATCHKEEPING WITH BRIDGE RESOURCE MANAGEMENT

STEPHEN T. TO-ONG
BSMT 3-5

MIDTERM
a. A rate of turn on gyro c. Stern track
b. Bottom track d. Water track
13. When can the bottom track normally be achieved in depth less than what meter?
a. 200 meters c. 400 meters
b. 300 meters d. 500 meters
14. When water track is normally possible when the water depth is more than how many meters?
a. 20 meters c. 60 meters
b. 40 meters d. 80 meters
15. What will happen to the ship if there are errors in calculated ship drift caused by dead
reckoning?
a. Danger c. Off course
b. Drifting d. Grounding

Assessment

Directions: Answer the following question briefly. Write your answer in the space provided below.

Differentiate the Ground – reference speed and Water – reference speed.

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 ST. THERESE-MTC COLLEGES
ILOILO, PHILIPPINES

D-WATCH 2
(DECK WATCHKEEPING WITH BRIDGE RESOURCE MANAGEMENT

STEPHEN T. TO-ONG
BSMT 3-5

MIDTERM
WATER- REFERENCE SPEED is the distance traveled in one hour with respect  to water.
Similarly GROUND- REFERENCE SPEED is the distance traveled in one hour with respect to
ground. 

WATER- REFERENCE SPEED and GROUND- REFERENCE SPEED are two distinct tool. One
does not replace other. Navigator should make full use of these speeds where these best fit.

Navigator should use WATER- REFERENCE SPEED for collision avoidance. GROUND-
REFERENCE SPEED should be used for navigation.

Using WATER- REFERENCE SPEED, a navigator can be sure of his assessment of colreg
situation. Using GROUND- REFERENCE SPEED can give an early signs if the ship is drifting
towards a danger.

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