ESTIMATION AND VALUATION Chapter-2 Types of Estimate

Some important definitions

1) Plinth area:

Plinth area is the built up covered area of a building measured at floor level of any
storey. It is calculated by taking external dimensions of building at floor level
excluding the plinth offsets. The area of court yard, open area, balconies and
cantilever projection etc. shouldn't include in it.

2) Floor area / rentable area:

Total area of floor in between walls i.e. Area of floor of all rooms, verandas, corridors,
entrance halls, staircase, kitchen, stores, toilet / bathroom etc is called floor area.

3) Circulation Area:

The floor area of verandas, corridors, entrance halls, staircase, room, balconies, lifts is
known as circulation area because such area is used for the movement of persons.

4) Carpet area:

The live able area of a building is called carpet area. It is the total floor area minus the
circulation area and minus the other unusable area such as of bathrooms, water
closets, air conditioning rooms etc. It should also exclude the kitchen, pantry, stores
and similar other rooms which are not used for living purpose in residential building.

 In residential building 50-65% of the plinth area of a building.

 In public building 60-75% of the plinth area of a building.
 Area occupied by walls:
10-15% of plinth area in ordinary building.
5-10% of plinth area for framed multi-storey building.

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3.1 Approximate estimates:

(Preliminary / Abstract / Rough estimate)
This is the estimate made to find out an approximate cost in a short time.
Approximate estimate is required for preliminary studies of various, aspect of a work
or project, to decide the financial position and policy for administrative sanction by
the competent administrative authority.

This estimate is prepared from the practical knowledge and cost of similar works.
Such as estimate is framed by the use of any one of the following methods.
i) Unit rate method
ii) Plinth area estimate
iii) Cubic rate estimate

i) Unit rate method

This type of estimate prepared per unit basis, if the approximate cost of an unit is
found, then total cost of the project can be calculate.
Building work : -per student for school, college
-Per bed for hospital
-Per seat for cinema hall
Road work - per km
Bridge work - per meter length.
Irrigation work – per km of canal, Per hector of command area.
ii) Plinth area estimate:
This is prepared on the basis of plinth area of building the rate been adopted from the
cost of similar building having similar specification, height and construction in the
same locality.

The plinth area is the built up area of external dimensions of a building. In other
words,

Plinth area = Carpet area + Circulation area + kitchen/Toilet etc + wall area

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Q.1. Prepare a plinth area estimate of a building from the following data.
Carpet area = 250 sq. m.
Circulation area = 30% of plinth area
Walls = 10% of plinth area
Plinth area rate = Rs. 6000/m2

Solution:
Let us consider plinth area of building = PA
Hence,
Plinth area = Carpet area + Circulation area + walls
PA = 250 +
PA = 416.67
cost of building = PA x plinth area rate
= 416.67 x 6000
= Rs. 25,000020 Ans.

Q. 2 Prepare a preliminary estimate of a poly technique building for student no. 800 in
order to assess the amount for building, based on the following particulars.
a) Carpet area required per student = 1.2 sq. m.
b) Area of corridors, verandah etc = 20% of plinth area
c) Area of wall = 15% of plinth area
d) Plinth area rate = Rs 3500 per sq. m.
e) Cost of water supply work = 5% of building cost
f) Cost of sanitary = 7% of Building cost
g) Cost of electrification = 12% of building cost
h) Cost of approach road and boundary wall = 3% of building cost.
i) Contingencies and work charged establishment shall be 5% and 2.5% of the
total cost respectively.

Solution:
Let, plinth area be PA
Plinth area = carpet area + area of corridors, verandas + area of wall
PA = 1.2 x 800 +
PA = 1476.92m2
Building cost = 1476.92 x 3500 = 5169220

Cost of water supply work = 5% of 5169220 = = 258461

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f) Cost of sanitary = 7% of 5169220

= 361845.4
g) Cost of electrification = 12% of 5169220
= 620306.4
h) Cost of approach road and boundary wall = 3% of 5169220
= 155076.6
Now,
Total cost = 5169220 + 258461 + 361845.4+620306.4+155076.6
= 6564909.4
i) Contingencies = 5% of 6564909.4
= 328245.47
Work charged establishment = 2.5% of 6564909.4
= 164122.73
Finally Grand total = 6564909.4+328245.47+164122.73
= Rs. 7057277.6 Answer

iii) Cubic Rate estimate:

This estimate is worked out on the basis of cubical content of the purposed building
to be constructed and then multiplying with rate per cubic content.

Estimate = plinth area x height x cubical content rate.

Here, Height = Taken from the top of the floor level to the top of the flat roof or half
way of the sloped roof.
3.2 Detailed Estimate:
Detailed estimate is an accurate estimate and consists of working out the quantities of
each item of works and cost. The dimensions, length, breath and height of each item
are taken out correctly from drawing and quantities of each item are calculated and
abstracting and billing are done.

The detailed estimate is prepared in two stages.

i) Details of measurement and calculation of quantities.

S.N. Description of No Length Breadth Height Quantity Total Remarks

work Qty

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ESTIMATION AND VALUATION Types of Estimate

ii) Abstract of estimated cost

Item Description of work Quantity Unit Rate Amount Remarks

No

A percentage 5 to 10% of the estimated cost for unforeseen work (contingencies) and
for the provision of work – charged establishment 2-5% of estimated cost should be
added then calculated the grand total estimate cost for any project. The rates include
the cost of labor, materials and equipments, overhead charges, taxes, profit etc.
The detailed estimate is accompanied with,
- Report – General Specification
- Detailed Specification – Drawings
- Calculation and Designs – Analysis of rate
Factors to be consider for preparation of detailed estimate.
1. Quantity of material.
2. Availability of material.
3. Transportation of material.
4. Location of site.
5. Availability of labor.
3.3 Revised Estimate:
Revised estimate is also a detailed estimate and is prepared when,
1. The original sanctioned estimate is exceeds or likely to exceed by more than
5%.
2. The expenditure on a work exceeds or likely to exceed the amount of
administrative sanction by more than 10%.
3. There is material rate deviation from the original proposal, even though the
cost may be same.
The revised estimate should be accompanied by all the papers in case of detailed
estimate and also should include the comparative statement, showing the variation
in each item of works, its quantity, rate and cost of original and revised, excess or
saving and giving the reason of excess and saving in case of each item.
3.4 Supplementary estimate:
It is a detailed estimate and is prepared when additional work are required to
supplement the original works or when further development is required during the
progress of work. This is a fresh detail estimate of the additional works in addition
to the original estimate. The abstract should show the amount of the original

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estimate and the total amount including the supplementary amount for which
sanction is required.

3.5 Annual repair and maintenance estimate:

In order to keep the work (structure, road etc) in proper condition. Annual repairs
are carried out annually for which an estimate is prepared is known as repair and
maintenance estimate.
3.6 Complete set of estimate:
Detailed estimate is prepared in standard forms and the complete set of estimate
consist of:
1. Title page giving name of the Engineering Department, division, estimate no.,
District of sub-division, name of work and amount of estimate.
2. Index of content and plan and drawings.
3. Report
4. Design calculation
5. General Specification
6. Detailed Specification
7. Analysis of rates (If required)
8. Detailed measurement and calculation of quantities.
9. Abstract of estimated cost
10. General abstract of cost
11. Drawings: Plans, elevation, detailed drawing, site plan etc.

At the end of the abstract of estimated cost or summary of estimated cost there
should be signature of assistant engineer, executive engineer and superintending
engineer and on the back page head of account should be given.

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