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6 - Increasing and Decreasing Functions
6 - Increasing and Decreasing Functions
1
(a) f ( x) x 4/5 ; (b) f ( x ) ; (c) f ( x) x 2 1 ;
x7
x3 3x 2 x2
(d) f ( x) 2 x 2 8 x 5 ; (e) f ( x) 2x 4 ; (f) f ( x) ;
3 2 x2 9
1 3x 2 1 ex
(g) f ( x) ; (h) f ( x ) x ; (i) f ( x) ;
3 x2 e 1
2
x x
x sin x cos x
(j) f ( x ) x ln x ; (k) f ( x) .
2
Solution.
4 1/5
(a) f ( x) x 4/5 ; f x x .
5
1 7
(b) f ( x ) 7
; f ( x) 8 .
x x
For any x D f , 0 0, , one has f ( x) 0 , which implies that the function is
decreasing all over D f .
99
x
(c) f ( x) x 2 1 ; f ( x) .
x2 1
(d) f ( x) 2 x 2 8 x 5 , f ( x) 4 x 8 4 x 2 .
x3 3x 2
(e) f ( x) 2 x 4 ; f ( x) x 2 3x 2 x 1 x 2 .
3 2
x2 2 x x2 9 x2 2x 18 x
(f) f ( x) 2 ; D f , 3 3,3 3, ; f ( x)
.
x 9 x 9 x2 9
2 2 2
f ( x) 0 if x , 0 D f and f ( x) 0 if x 0, D f .
So, the function is increasing for x , 3 3, 0 and decreasing for x 0,3 3,
1 3x 2 6 x 3 x 2 2 x 1 3x 2 16 x
(g) f ( x) ; D f , ; f ( x) .
3 x
2 2 2 2
3 x 2
3 x
100
1 1
(h) f ( x ) x ; f ( x) 1 2 0 for all x D f , 0 0, .
x x
So, the function is increasing all over the domain.
ex e x 1 e x
(i) f ( x) ; f ( x) .
e x 1 e 1
2 x 3
f ( x) 0 1 e x 0 x ,0 .
f ( x) 0 1 e x 0 x 0, .
(j) f ( x ) x ln x ; f ( x) ln x 1 .
1
f ( x) 0 ln x 1 x e 1 x , .
e
1
f ( x) 0 ln x 1 x e 1 x 0, .
e
1 1
So, the function is increasing on the interval , and decreasing on 0, .
e e
101