Compendium of Notes in Grade 6 Tle - Agriculture

Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region III-Central Luzon
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF TARLAC PROVINCE
COMPENDIUM OF NOTES IN GRADE 6

TLE - AGRICULTURE
Prepared by:
RUBY G. BRIONES
Master Teacher II
Victoria East Central School
Victoria East District
Writer / Illustrator Page 0 of 53
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region III – Central Luzon
Schools Division of Tarlac Province
COMPENDIUM OF CONCEPTS IN EPP SIX (AGRICULTURE)

WEEK LESSON 1: IMPORTANCE OF PLANTING AND PROPAGATING TREES
1 AND FRUIT-BEARING TREES
1.1 Discusses the importance of planting and propagating trees
and fruit bearing trees and marketing seedlings.
Lesson Objectives:
1. Give the importance of planting and propagating trees and fruit-
bearing trees.
2. Explain the benefits derived from planting trees and fruit-bearing
trees to families and communities.
3. Identify some common trees planted in both rural and urban
areas. Identify successful orchard growers
LET’S BE INFORMED:
 Planting and propagating trees and fruit –bearing trees is a

source of livelihood for many Filipino families. Nowadays, many
people engage in this as a source of additional income for their
daily needs. Fruit –bearing trees can be planted in your
backyard depend on several factors: the space in your
backyard, the kind of soil, and, and the type of climate in your
own community
 Plant propagation is the process of reproducing or creating a
new plant or seedling. It is an important part of gardening,
whether outdoors or indoors. Plants are living things that grow
either through their roots, stems and leaves of their flowers, fruits,
and seeds. It is a method of growing new plants from seed or
from parts of existing plants.
 Benefits derived from planting trees and fruit-bearing trees to
families and communities
Trees are valuable to the family and the community for
the products and amenities they give such as:
1. food like fruits, vegetables, nuts, and sugar

2. wood used as fuel for cooking and heating
3. construction materials which include lumber, plywood,
and board
4. fiber for the production of pulp and paper; and
5. chemical products such as resin, rubber, and turpentine.
 OTHER BENEFITS DERIVED FROM TREES

 They provide shade and fresh air around the house and, along
the streets and surroundings.
 They protect the soil from erosion.
 They help maintain high quality water supply.
Page 1 of 53
 The root system promotes soil stability.
 They serve as valuable wildlife habitats.
 They serve as windbreakers during typhoons and storms, thus,
reducing the destruction of home and agricultural crops.
 They help reduce pollutions in congested urban areas.
 They contribute to the beautiful landscapes in the city and the
countryside.
 They improve the atmosphere of a place by giving a feeling of
freshness and coolness as they reduce temperature.
 They prevent river and lake sedimentation.
they prevent floods.
 TREES AND FRUIT-BEARING TREES THAT ONE CAN PLANT

Some of the common trees planted in both rural and urban areas
are the following:
Narra Alibangbang
Yakal Banaba
Apitong Pine Tree
Acacia Fire Tree
Ipil-Ipil Molave
Palm Tree Bamboo Tree
Mahogany
 Some of the common fruit-bearing trees are the following:
 Duhat Rambutan
 Mango Lychee
 Santol Guava
 Coconut Aratiles
 Orange/Dalandan Camachile
 Pomelo Mangosteen
 Atis Durian
 Langka Pili
 Chico Cashew
 Banana Star Apple (Caimito)
 Avocado Guyabano
 Longgan Balimbing
*SUCCESSFUL ORCHARD GROWERS IN THE PHILIPPINES

 Editha Aguinaldo Dacuycuy- Manang Editha ventured into the
dragon fruit business when she was told how the fruit can help
relieve constipation problems – a condition common to
cerebral palsy patients. President NOYNOY Aquino awarded
Manang Editha for her hard work, as well as other well- known
awarding bodies. Dole Philippines orders in bulk, while hotels in
Ilocos Norte are their regular clients.
 Alfredo M. Yao – The “Juice King of the Philippines, also owns a
farm in Negros Occidental aside from Zest – O Corporation. he
made his own fruit juice and launched what was to become
one of the biggest local juice brands.
Page 2 of 53
 Patricio Base – With his 3-hectare plantation of watermelons,
honeydew melons, and papaya, he produces crops year-
round in Alicia, Isabela. In July 2013, he planted Diana
watermelons in 3,500 square meters and got 12 tons worth Php
480.00.
*SUCCESSFUL ORCHARD GROWERS IN THE COMMUNITY OR ADJACENT

COMMUNITIES:
1. Sinura Pampanga Farm (San Fernando, Pampanga)
It has 1000 guapple trees, few mango trees and calamansi.
2. Anon, Florida Blanca Farm
Has fruit bearing trees, 600 calamansi, 35 mango and other
assorted fruits.
3. Sta. Ana Mango Farm
Has 50 income generating mango trees and fish pond.
4. Mango Farm, Magalang, Pampanga
Has mango and other fruit bearing trees.
5. Fruit Farm – Mitula Homes, San Fernando, Pampanga
This is a dragon fruit farm.
LET’S REMEMBER
1. Trees are important to the family and community as they are
sources of food, lumber for construction of houses, fiber for
paper, fuel for cooking, and chemicals like resin and
turpentine.
2. Trees provide benefits to the environment. Some of these are:
1) they protect the soil from erosion; 2) they help maintain high
quality water supplies; 3) their root system promotes soil stability;
4) they serve as valuable wildlife habitat; 5) they are attractive
and effective windbreakers: 6) they prevent floods; and 7) they
prevent lake and river sedimentation, etc.
Reference: Learning and Living in the 21st Century for Grade 6, pp 309-
315
Gloria A. Peralta, et al. The Basics of Better Family Living pp. 53-
59
WEEK LESSON 2: ELEMENTS TO BE OBSERVED IN PLANTING TREES AND FRUIT-

2 BEARING TREES
Learning Competency:
1.2 Uses technology in the conduct of survey to find out the following:
1.2.1 Elements to be observed in planting trees and fruit bearing
trees
1.2.2 Market demands for fruits
1.2.3 Sources of fruit bearing trees
1.2.4 Famous orchard farms in the country
Lesson Objectives:
1.Observe the proper care of plants and soil
2.Differentiate the methods of planting trees
3.Explain how to prepare seeds for planting
Page 3 of 53
4.Discuss the process of seed germination
5.Discuss the preparation of seedlings before transplanting
6.Conduct survey on the elements to be observed in planting
trees and fruit bearing trees.
ELEMENTS TO BE OBSERVED IN PLANTING TREES AND FRUIT BEARING
TREES
A. PROPER CARE OF PLANTS AND SOIL
1. Choose the best place for planting.
2. Choose the seeds that best suit the season and the soil.
3. Put sufficient fertilizers in the soil
4. Take care of the soil and the plants regularly.
B. METHODS OF PLANTING
Direct planting is a method of planting where the seeds or parts of a
plant are directly planted in the soil where it will germinate and grow
into full-grown trees.
To maintain high quality seeds, the following steps are recommended:
1. Remove off-type, diseased, and damaged seeds.
2. Label seeds properly.
3. Select and preserve only mature seeds and dry them under
the sun until proper moisture is attained.
C. PREPARING SEEDS FOR PLANTING

Different ways of preparing seeds.
1. One way is by placing the seeds under the sun before planting.
One example of this is the ipil-ipil tree.
2. Some seeds like the mango have to be removed from their
hard shells before planting.
3. Seeds like santol need to be dried before planted in the soil.
There are also seeds that need to be soaked in water before
planting, like the seeds of ipil-ipil.
4. Seeds of avocado are planted as is with the bigger end of the
seed below the soil surface.
D. SEED GERMINATION
1) Seeds need moisture, warmth, oxygen, and, in some instances,
sunlight in order to germinate.
2) Small seeds are sown in a seed box before setting them out in
the field.
3) Seeds can also be germinated in small plastic trays, pots, and
other relatively small containers filled with soil medium
recommended for seed propagation. The bottom of the seed
boxes should have tiny holes to allow drainage.
E. PREPARATION OF SEEDLINGS BEFORE TRANSPLANTING

Processes needed:
1.Thinning– There are times when more seeds are sown than
necessary. To produce strong plants, pull out some crowded seedlings
so that the remaining plants will have more room. Thinning
accelerates the circulation of air and provides a greater feeding area
Page 4 of 53
for seedlings to make them sturdier and healthier
1. 2.Pricking – This is done by transferring seedlings from one seed
box to another to provide more space for proper development.
Water the seedlings before pricking.
2. 3. Hardening – This process is done 7 to 15 days before
transplanting. The purpose is to make the tissue of the plants
harder in order to survive the rigors of transplanting. The water
intake of the plant is gradually decreased and the seedling is
exposed to sunlight for a longer period of time.
F. Indirect Planting- In indirect planting, the plant needs to be
transferred to its permanent place. This is commonly done with trees.
Nowadays, you can avail seedlings planted in small plastic bags,
ready for transfer.
*General steps in the proper transferring of plants:

1. Place the seedlings away from direct sunlight. Make sure the
seedlings are healthy and fresh before planting
https://getbusygardening.com/seedling-care/
2. Dig the area where you want to plant them. The length and
depth of the hole should be according to how big the tree will
become. Leave two inches allowance in the length and depth
of the hole to allow the new roots to breath.
https://www.lowes.com/n/how-to/plant-trees-and-shrubs
3. Remove the plant from the plastic bag. Do not remove the soil
which holds the roots
https://www.planetnatural.com/plant-propagation/
Page 5 of 53
4. Slowly and carefully place the seedlings in the hole. Make sure
the main roots are not bent.
https://www.bhg.com/gardening/trees-shrubs-vines/care/the-
proper-way-to-plant-a-tree/
5. Cover it with soil. Lightly press the soil.
https://www.bhg.com/gardening/trees-shrubs-vines/care/the-
proper-way-to-plant-a-tree/
6. Water the new plant early the next morning. Use a water
sprinkler. It is important to water the soil that surrounds the
plant.
https://gilmour.com/transplanting-when-how-to
7. Plant your seedlings in the afternoon when sunlight is no longer

hot to avoid withering.
Image Source: www.google.com
LET’S REMEMBER
It is necessary to observe the elements in planting trees and fruit
bearing trees in order to have bountiful harvest.
Reference: Learning and Living in the 21st Century
Page 6 of 53
LESSON 3: MARKET DEMANDS FOR FRUITS
LEARNING COMPETENCY
Uses technology in in the conduct of survey to find out market
demands for fruits.
Lesson Objectives:
1.State the best time to harvest fruits
2.Identify the factors to consider when harvesting fruits
3.Discuss the tips in storing fruits
4.Identify the market demands for fruits
5.Enumerate the ways of marketing products
HARVESTING FRUITS
Harvesting is picking fruits in their season when they are ready
to be sold or eaten. Harvesting is done at different seasons
depending on the characteristics of each product. Generally,
fruits are picked when they are mature enough. Fruits should
reach the market in good condition.
1. Mangoes, bananas, and papayas are harvested before they

ripen. They should be green and matured.
2. Pomelos and chicos should be picked at the right size and
maturity.
3. Native oranges or dalandans are picked while green they
eventually ripen.
The right time to harvest depends on the following factors:

1. The price of fruits on the market – The beginning of harvest
season of any fruit commands the highest price in the market.
This is because the fruits are new in the market and are not as
abundant as when they are in the peak of harvest season.
2. The distance of the farm to the market – Transportation
comprises a big expenditure in marketing the products. The
farther the farm is to the market, the higher the transport cost.
Likewise, the rate of ripening and deterioration may be
affected by the length of time it takes for the product to reach
the market.
3. The period of storage of harvested fruits before bringing them to
the market – The longer the storage, the higher is the risk of the
fruits to deteriorate. When some products become overripe
and close to deteriorating, they cannot be sold at a higher
price than when they are fresh and at the right degree of
maturity or ripeness.
*To ensure success in selling fruits, the farmer or seller should

consider the following market demands:
1. Buyers select fruits and other products of good quality, usually

based on size, shape, and appearance.
2. Good quality fruits have the same appearance, size, stage of
maturity, state of freshness, and shape.
Page 7 of 53
3. Fruits should be in their freshest state when being sold. They can
command higher prices.
4. Pack fruits properly in good containers to maintain their
freshness and to avoid cuts, bruises, and blemishes.
Price your products based on the current price on the market.

Going with the current price makes your product competitive:
Ways of Marketing a Product

1. Retail- This refers to the sale of goods in small quantities
directly to the consumer.
2. Wholesale- This is the sale of goods in a relatively large
quantity to be retailed by others.
3. Consignment basis- This is an agreement to supply goods for
a definite price and at a specific time.
4. Announcement of products to the public.
5. Direct selling to the market place.
6. Selling through cooperatives.
Reference:
Learning and Living in the 21st Century 6 pp.331
Moving up with HELE 6 pp.161
LESSON 4: FAMOUS ORCHARD FARMS IN THE COUNTRY

Uses Technology in the conduct of survey to find out famous
orchard farms in the country.
Learning Objectives:
1. Identify the sources of fruit bearing trees
2. Mention famous orchard farms in the country
 Rosa Farms, Zambales, Philippines

Rosa Farms is a 12.5 hectares mango orchard in the coastal province
of Zambales, home of the Philippine Carabao Mango. The farm has
888 mango trees nurtured for years. The farm is open to walk-in guests
who want to experience the ambiance of areal functional farm.
Image Source:
https://images.summitmedia-
digital.com/spotph/images/2016/08/26/ZambalesGuide_rosa.jpg
Page 8 of 53
 Kitsie’s Farm, Zambales, Philippines
Kitsie’s Farm has dozens of fruit-bearing mango trees scattered across
its 15 hectares land with each tree yielding at least 200 kilos each
Image Source: Kitsiesfarm.com
 Gapuz Farm has been in business for 30 years. The Gapuz

brothers learned the ins and outs of grapes growing in
California.
Image Source:
https://alt3rnateroute.wordpress.com/travel/la-union/gapuz/
 Nica’s Rambutan Farm, Barangay Lapaz, Tibiao, Antique

The rambutan tree belongs to a group of fruit bearing tropical trees
like longgan and lychee. The name rambutan came from an
Indonesian name “rambut” which means hair.
Health Benefits of Rambutan (from www.healthbenefitstimes.com)
Image Source:
https://www.lakadpilipinas.com/2014/06/nica-farm-green-rambutan-
antique.html
Page 9 of 53
WEEK LESSON 5: TYPES OF ORCHARD FARMS
3
Learning Competencies:
3.1 Conduct survey to identify:
3.1.2 Types of orchard farms
3.1.3 Trees appropriate for orchard gardening based on location,
climate, and market demands
3.1.4 Proper way of planting/propagating trees and fruit bearing trees
(budding, marcotting, grafting)
3.1.5 Sources of fruit bearing trees
3.1.6 How to care for seedlings
LET’S BE INFORMED
Orchard is a piece of land planted with fruit trees or nut trees. It is

also known as fruit farm. Therefore, an orchard can have any
kind of fruit trees in it, be it mango, papaya, orange, duhat,
banana, etc.
TYPES OF ORCHARD FARMS

1. Fruit Orchards
Fruit orchards include any facility focused on growing tree-
bearing fruits. Citrus trees, such as those bearing lemons, limes
or oranges, may be grown all together in large citrus orchards,
or individually in smaller facilities. Plantations that grow fruit-
bearing bushes generally don't fall under this category. These
include fruits not grown on trees.
2. Nut Orchards
Nut orchards include a large variety of facilities that produce
nut-bearing trees. These include orchards that grow popular
nuts like cashews, walnuts and almonds. This category also
includes cocoa and chocolate-producing nuts, as well as
coconuts. Some orchard owners produce pine trees for their
edible pine nuts.
3.Seed Orchards
Seed orchards focus primarily on growing trees that produce
seeds rather than nuts or fruit. These seeds are then sold to
commercial distributors for resale to the public in small seed
packets. They may also be sold to large agricultural facilities or
used for food production. Seed orchards can further be
divided into two categories based on how they are
established. In a seedling orchard, trees are selected through
controlled pollination. In a clonal seed orchard, seeds are
distributed through methods such as cutting and tissue culture,
resulting in an easier harvest overall.
LESSON 6: TREES SUITED FOR ORCHARD GARDENING BASED ON
LOCATION, CLIMATE, AND MARKET DEMANDS
Conduct a survey to identify trees appropriate for
orchard gardening based on location, climate, and market
demands.
Page 10 of 53
Learning Objective:
Identify trees appropriate for orchard gardening based
on location, climate, and market demands.
 LOCATION
Hill side Slope Valley Plain
Coconut Mango Durian Banana
Mango Coconut Banana Mango
Pili nut Cashew Papaya Citrus Fruits
Palm tree Palm tree Mangosteen Dragon fru
Pili nut Jackfruit
Guava
Star apple
Santol
Coconut
 CLIMATE
Elevated Low (Warm) Dry Season Wet Season
(Cold)
Grape Mango Banana Durian
Pomelo Coconut Pili nut Banana
Banana Palm tree Mango
Guava Dragon fruit
Durian Papaya
Guava
Star apple
 MARKET DEMAND
Year-round Seasonal
Banana Jackfruit
Mango Guava
Citrus Star apple
Dragon fruit Santol
Papaya
LESSON 7: PROPER WAY OF PLANTING AND PROPAGATING TREES

AND FRUIT -BEARING TREES
7.1 Conduct a survey to identify proper way of
planting/propagating trees and fruit bearing trees (budding,
marcotting, grafting)
Learning Objective:
1. Identify proper way of planting, propagating trees and fruit
bearing trees.
2. Demonstrate proper way of planting, propagating trees and
fruit-bearing trees.
Page 11 of 53
3. Identify proper care for seedlings
Modern technology and research have gone a long way
especially in the field of Agriculture.
Plant propagation is a method or reproducing, increasing, or

multiplying plant species. It is being practiced because of the
following reasons:
1. To increase the number of plant species
2. To produce plant varieties that are resistant to some
insect pests and diseases
3. To evolve new and better varieties of plants suited to
different conditions of soil and climate
4. To accelerate and at the same time lessen the bearing
age of plants
5. To avert the extinction of some plant species
PROPER WAY OF PROPAGATING FRUIT-BEARING TREES
 Cutting - The leaves are removed and the stems are cut 10
inches long. One—half of the cutting is inserted into the soil.
Example: Sinigwelas, Kamoteng kahoy
Image Source: www.shutterstock.com
 Marcotting or Air layering – induces the stem to develop roots

while it is still growing on the mother plant.
Image Source: https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/97531148151036900/
 Grafting – a plant propagation method that involves inserting a

scion into a stock so that they will form a union and grow
Page 12 of 53
together
Image Souce:
https://irrecenvhort.ifas.ufl.edu/plant-prop-glossary/06-grafting/02-
graftingtypes/11-grafting-saddle.html
Fruit-bearing trees propagated by the sexual method (use of seeds):

Avocado
Star apple
Cashew
Chico
Citrus fruits
propagated asexually or by artificial methods:
Avocado (grafting)
Banana (rhizomes)
Star apple (marcotting)
Guyabano(grafting)
LESSON 8: SOURCES OF FRUIT-BEARING TREES
Lesson Objectives:
1. Give the importance of planting fruit-bearing trees
2. Identify the sources of fruit bearing trees
3. Mention famous orchard farms in the country
LET’S BE INFORMED
Just like vegetables and ornamentals, growing fruit trees is not difficult.
The problems lie in the lack of space or where to plant them.
In urban areas where spaces are very limited, fruit trees are not usually
planted. Some home owners do not like to plant trees because they
say, a grown tree will destroy the foundation of their houses because
of their big and long roots.
But for those who have enough space, fruit trees like mango, duhat,
tamarind, banana, papaya and other fruit trees are planted. Aside
from the shade that they give, when they bear fruits, the family is, at
least, assured of a supply of fruits for their daily consumption.
In the province, fruit trees are sources of income for the family. Aside
from the added fresh air, they provide the ambience that a city
dweller has not experienced.
MANGOES
Our country is famous for its delicious mangoes. Although there are
Page 13 of 53
other varieties, the carabao mango is the most sought after and
exported in other countries.
Mango fruits are of these varieties:

1. Carabao or super mango. This variety is the favorite of most
people around the world with its perfect blend of sweet
and sour taste, soft, succulent with a pleasant odor.
2. Pico. This is a smaller in size from the carabao variety but just
as sweet, even when it’s not yet ripe.
3. Indian mango. This originated from India. It bears plenty of
fruits the whole year round. It is a favorite appetizer by most
teeners.
Mango tree comes from seed.
PAPAYAS
Papaya is a fruit rich in Vitamins A, B and C and aids in the
digestion of food. A good and tasty dessert, especially when sweet,
papaya is an acceptable appetizer or dessert of people of all ages.
The unripe fruits are also valuable for some main dishes as tinola and
ginataan. Because of its papain, a protein-spitting enzyme obtained
from the juice of unripe papaya, helps tenderize meat and used as an
aid in digestion.
Most home yards grow papaya trees. They are planted by

direct seeding, that is, planting papaya seeds in a hole and cover
with ¼ inch of soil. After planting, in 10 to 15 days, seeds will
germinate.
There is the so-called male and female papaya. The male
plant, only produce flowers but do not bear fruit. However, it is
necessary for pollination. When planting, allow one male plant to
grow for every 15 to 20 female papayas. Intercropping is a method
where papaya can be grown together with coconuts, coffee,
pineapple or bananas. It increases farm income and prevent the
growth of weeds and/or grasses.
Sources of fruit-bearing trees

Fruit-bearing trees are available and sold in different stages of growth
and ready to be transplanted. Among their sources are:
 Commercial Nursery – Run by private individuals usually

offering landscaping materials and services.
 Agricultural Institution – A school that offers a course related to
agriculture and other plant studies.
 Department of Agriculture – Responsible for any agricultural
activities in terms of vegetables and fruits.
 Bureau of Plant Industry – They develop scientific improvement
for each plant species in a locality and adjacent places.
LESSON 9: TAKING CARE OF FRUIT TREE SEEDLINGS
Page 14 of 53
How to care for seedlings
Learning Objective: Demonstrates practices on how to take care of

the seedlings.
Here are some ways to keep plants healthy:
 Water the plants twice a day. Do this in the early morning and
in the late afternoon.
 Apply fertilizer in the soil. Use organic fertilizer.
 Cultivate the soil around the plants to allow the roots to
breathe.
 Exterminate pests or insects.
The following are recommended for best results:

a. Water the plants.
b. Mix powdered chili or juice of the leaves of the neem tree with
water. Keep this overnight. Use the mixture for watering.
c. Fumigate the tree or plant using charcoal and dried leaves.
d. Remove insects and pests using hands or tweezers.
 Pull the grasses or weeds surrounding the plants because they
compete for the nutrients which are intended for the plants.
 Remove dried leaves and cut carefully the dried or infected
branches and monitor the growth of plants.
Reference:
Moving up with HELE 6 pp 145
https://www.google.com.ph/search?q=budding
https://www.google.com.ph/search?q=grafting
https://www.google.com.ph/search?q=marcotting
https://content.ces.ncsu.edu/grafting-and-budding-nursery-crop-
plants
http://www.fao.org/docrep
LESSON 10: LAYOUT DESIGN FOR AN ORCHARD GARDEN
10.1 Prepares layout design of an orchard garden using the

information gathered
Objectives
1. Identify the steps in preparing the site for an orchard
2. Prepare layout design for an orchard
LET’S BE INFORMED
Preparing the Site
1. Get soil sample for nematodes. If damaging nematodes are found,
this site may have to be avoided for a period of time until it can be
placed into a grass or other plant rotation for 1 or more years. There
are no longer any chemicals registered to kill nematodes in home
gardens. Home gardeners may try solarization of site during summer
months. Commercial growers do have nematicides available for use
Page 15 of 53
but are also using nonchemical control methods.
2. Remove stumps, large rocks, and other debris from the site.
3. Plow the top and subsoil in the area to remove as many roots and
smaller rocks as possible. Roots left in the soil can contribute to root-rot
problems in fruit trees.
4. Test the soil, and apply lime, phosphorus, and other fertilizer
nutrients according to soil test recommendations.
5. Apply about 50 to 75 percent of the lime, phosphorus, and other

elements on the surface, and plow as deeply as possible to get them
into the root zone. Deep-plowing of lime and fertilizer is especially
important for tree fruit. After deep plowing, apply the remaining 25 to
50 percent of these chemicals according to soil test
recommendations, and disc them into the surface 6 to 10 inches.
Subsoil Nematodes Stump
Image Source:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subsoil
treehugger.com/what-are-nematodes-4863593
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tree_stump
The plan showing the arrangement of plants in an orchard is
known as the “orchard layout”. There are several systems of planting,
these are the following:
A. Square System
For a fairly level site, use the rectangular or square design
It is most easy and popular method of planting fruit plant. In this system
row to row and plant to plant distances are kept similar. The plants are
planted exactly at right angle at each corner. Thus, every four plants
make one square. This is good for Mango, Banana and citrus crops.
Image Source:
http://ecoursesonline.iasri.res.in/mod/page/view.php?id=1578
Page 16 of 53
Rectangular System
The square and rectangle are the most commonly used systems
for laying out orchards. The rectangular design is used to set trees at
unequal distances, as for example with dwarf orange, using a 9- by
15-foot rectangle to set trees 9 feet apart in one direction and 15 feet
in the other.
Most growers prefer to arrange their orchards in straight rows for ease
of working. Thus, rectangular system accommodates more plants in
rows. The plants get proper space and sunlight for their growth and
development.
Image Source:
B. Quincunx System/Diamond Pattern
This system is also known as filler or diagonal system. This is a

modification over square system of layout. To make use of the empty
space in the center of each square is by planting another plant. The
plants that are planted in the center of each square along with tall
growing plants at the corners of squares are termed as “filler” plants.
Generally, filler trees will be of short duration and not
be of the same kind as those planted on the corners of the square.

When main plants of the orchard resume their proper shape, the filler
plants are uprooted. Guava, Peaches, Papaya etc. are important
filler plants.
Image Source:
D. Hexagonal / Triangular System
This system accommodates 15% more plants than square system. The
Page 17 of 53
plants are planted at the corner of equilateral triangle. Thus, six trees
are planted making a hexagon. Seventh tree is planted in the center.
This is very intense method of planting and hence requires fertile land.
In the suburb of cities where land is costly, this system is worth
adopting. However, the laying out of the system is hard and
cumbersome.
Image Source:
E. Contour system.
If the land is rugged and steep, follow the contour of the hillside.
It is adopted in hilly areas for planting fruit plants where land is
undulated and soil erosion is a great threat.
The contour system helps prevent or reduce erosion and conserve

moisture. The layout is started from the lowest level and the tree rows
are planted along uniform slopes at right angle to the slope with a
view to reduce loss of top-soil due to erosion. The width of contour
terrace varies according to the slope of the hill. On steep or rugged
sites, contour systems help prevent or reduce erosion and conserve
moisture.
Since rainfall, slope, soil, and other conditions vary in different parts of
the country, growers use various arrangements. At the present time,
growers use terraces in contour systems when additional erosion
control is needed.
Image Source:
https://www.agrihortieducation.com/2016/09/systems-of-
planting.html
LET’S LEARN
Orchard – is an intentional planting of trees that is maintained for food
Page 18 of 53
production.
Plat – is a map showing the divisions of a piece of land.
Cumbersome – large or heavy and therefore difficult to use,
unmanageable.
Undulated- have a wavy form or outline.
Contour – an outline especially of a curving or irregular figure.
Nematodes – microscopic round worms found in soil.
Subsoil – is the layer of soil under the topsoil on the surface of the
ground.
Stump – the bottom part of a tree left projecting from the ground after
most of the trunk has fallen or been cut down.
Intercultural operations – permits the intercropping and cultivation
even with the use of mechanical operation
LET’S REMEMBER
Most growers prefer to arrange their orchards in straight rows
for ease of working. Choosing the right pattern for your orchard
project will depend on the shape, terrain, and slope of the land.
Reference:
https://www.raitechuniversity.in/school%20of%20agricultur/e-
resources/Planting%20system%20in%20orchards.pdf
http://agritech.tnau.ac.in/horticulture/horti_orchard%20management
.html
http://www.aces.edu/pubs/docs/A/ANR-0053-I/ANR-0053-I.pdf
WEEK LESSON 11: PROPAGATING TREES AND FRUIT – BEARING TREES USING
4 SCIENTIFIC PROCESSES
11.1 Propagates trees and fruit-bearing trees using scientific process
11. 2 Identifies the appropriate tools and equipment in plant
propagation and their uses
11.3 demonstrates scientific ways of propagating fruit bearing trees
11.4 observes healthy and safety measures in propagating fruit
bearing trees
Lesson Objectives:
1.Identify the appropriate tools and equipment in plant propagation
and their uses.
2. Demonstrate scientific ways for propagating fruit-bearing trees.
3. Observe healthy and safety measures in propagating fruit-bearing
trees.
LET’S BE INFORMED
Our love for nature and the environment is best shown when we plant
trees. Planting trees is a productive and enjoyable activity that can
be turned into an occupation or a hobby. Successful tree-planting
requires some knowledge about trees, what they need and how they
grow, and some skill on when and how to plant and take care of
Page 19 of 53
them.
TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT IN PLANT PROPAGATION AND THEIR USES

Caring for fruit trees is the same as caring for other trees. Orchard tools
and equipment play a very important role in systematic process of
plant preparation. Their availability makes the work easier and helps in
the proper execution of the different procedures.
1.Hoe – a tool used in digging and loosening hard, dry soil. It has a thin
blade across the end of a long handle.
Image Source:
https://www.indiamart.com/proddetail/iron-garden-hoe-
21565763262.html
2.Rake – a long handled tool having a bar at one end with teeth in. It
is used for smoothening the soil and gathering loose leaves, hay, or
straw.
Image Source:
https://www.mitre10.co.nz/shop/number-8-garden-rake-16-tooth-
hammersmith-silver/p/318862
3.Trowel – a tool with a curved blade used for loosening the ground
and taking up small plants.
Image Source:
https://www.amazon.com/DeWit-X-Treme-Hand-Trowel-
Small/dp/B00QESGSZ8
4.Axe – a tool with a flat, sharp blade fastened to a handle used for
cutting trunk of trees and their branches
Page 20 of 53
Image Source:
https://www.helikon-tex.com/en_eur/ax-bk4-ts-hultafors-splitting-axe-
hobby-hkly-1-4-650.html
7.Crowbar – a straight, heavy iron bar pointed at one end, about 4

feet in length, used for digging holes and for planting seeds.
Image Source:
https://www.indiamart.com/proddetail/12-inch-iron-crowbar-
2360242512.html
8.Bolo – a tool with a wooden or metal handle in which a long blade

is attached. It is used for cutting tall grasses and branches of trees.
Image Source:
https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Bolo_knife
9.Shovel – a broad scoop attached to a handle. It is used to dig, lift,

and throw loose matter.
Image Source:
https://www.humboldtmfg.com/shovel-round-point.html
10. Fork – a tool resembling a table fork but much bigger in size. It is
used in digging and preparing the soil for the plants.
Page 21 of 53
Image Source:
https://www.pinterest.ph/gurleysmemphis/gardening-tools/
11.Water Sprinkler – a can with a spout to sprinkle water on the plants.

Plants should be watered every day to make them grow healthier.
Image Source:
https://www.kindpng.com/imgv/ixoJoJb_green-plastic-watering-can-
hand-water-sprinkler-hd/
12.Wheelbarrow – used to transfer soil plants and other materials from

one place to another.
Image Source:
https://cncnbm.en.made-in-
china.com/product/QqvJeOCMnPWn/China-Garden-Tools-5-Cuft-
Metal-Wheel-Barrow-Wheelbarrow-for-Gardening-Construction.html
13.Hose – used for watering seedlings arranged in mass.
Image Source:
https://www.mitre10.co.nz/shop/number-8-hose-30m-green-
dark/p/238109
14.Sprayer – used for spraying chemicals to eliminate plant seeds.
Page 22 of 53
Image Source:
https://www.tractorsupply.com/tsc/product/groundwork-sprayer-1-2-
gal-capacity
15.Weighing Scale- for weighing plants, seeds, and fertilizers.
Image Source:
https://www.monotaro.ph/p/41082054/
16. Pieces of wood or bamboo – used as fences of seed boxes and

plots to protect plants from being destroyed by animals.
Image Source:
https://www.ebay.com/itm/Bamboo-Poles-Natural-1-x-6-ft-25-Pcs-
Bundled-Durable-Garden-Plant-Cage-Support/173833160078
17.Pruning Shears – used for cutting small branches including the

unnecessary branches.
Image Source:
https://www.amazon.co.uk/JEOutdoors-Pruning-Professional-Trimmer-
Shears-JO0001/dp/B072JCW85Q
Page 23 of 53
18.Garden gloves – used while working in the garden, made of strong
rubber to protect from thorns and withstand punctures.
Image Source:
https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/8866530502839265/
LESSON 13: TIPS IN PERFORMING SCIENTIFIC WAY OF PROPAGATING

FRUIT-BEARING TREES
Learning competency:
13.1demonstrates scientific ways of propagating fruit bearing trees
1.5.1 observes healthy and safety measures in propagating fruit
bearing trees.
Learning Objective:
1.Select a stem which is not too young or too old.
2. Be sure the propagating materials are of the same species.
3. See to it that the stock and the scion are fitted with each other.
4. Do the propagation at the right time.
LESSON 14: HEALTHY AND SAFETY MEASURES IN PROPAGATING FRUIT-
BEARING TREES
1.Before working make sure you have refresh yourself (like taking a
bath) in order to work well.
2.Always wear complete personal protective equipment which
includes hairnet, hand gloves, apron, boots if needed, protective
eyeglass, and face mask.
3. Make sure tools and equipment are working properly before using
them.
4. Always follow instructions for use of equipment.
5. Focus on the work at hand. Do not allow yourself to get distracted.
6. Know your limits in working, seek help whenever necessary.
7. Work in proper position. Make sure you do not strain your back while
working.
LET’S REMEMBER
In propagating fruit-bearing trees, remember the following:
1.Select a stem which is not too young or too old.
2. Be sure the propagating materials are of the same species.
3. See to it that the stock and the scion are fitted with each other.
4. Do the propagation at the right time.
Page 24 of 53
Healthy and Safety Measures in Propagating Fruit-Bearing Trees
1.Before working make sure you have refresh yourself (like taking a
bath) in order to work well.
2.Always wear complete personal protective equipment which
includes hairnet, hand gloves, apron, boots if needed, protective
eyeglass, and face mask.
3. Make sure tools and equipment are working properly before using
them.
4. Always follow instructions for use of equipment.
5. Focus on the work at hand. Do not allow yourself to get distracted.
6. Know your limits in working, seek help whenever necessary.
7. Work in proper position. Make sure you do not strain your back while
working.
Reference:
Gloria A. Peralta, et al. The Basics of Better Family Living 6
HELE for Life
WEEK LESSON 15: PERFORMING SYSTEMATIC AND SCIENTIFIC WAYS OF

5 CARING ORCHARD TREES
Learning Competencies
performs systematic and scientific ways of caring orchard

trees/seedlings such as watering, cultivating, preparing, and applying
organic fertilizer
1.5.2 uses different ways of preparing organic fertilizer and pesticides
through internet/library
1.5.3 explains the benefits of using organic fertilizer and locally made
pesticides toward sustainable development
1.5.4 observes healthy and safety measures in formulating fertilizer
and organic pesticides
1.5.5 keeps record of growth/progress of seedlings
Lesson Objectives
1.Perform systematic and scientific ways of caring orchard trees and

seedlings such as watering, cultivating, preparing, and applying
organic fertilizer.
2.Use different ways of preparing organic fertilizer and pesticides
through internet/library
3.Explain the benefits of using organic fertilizer and locally made
pesticides 4. Towards sustainable development
5.Observe healthy and safety measures in formulating fertilizer and
organic pesticides
6.Keep record of growth/progress of seedlings
LET’S BE INFORMED
One needs to carefully plan an orchard project to avoid useless and
wasteful spending. It is also important that once an orchard project is
Page 25 of 53
started, the proper care for seedlings and trees are undertaken. There
are tried and tested procedures for taking care of these plants from
cultivating, use of fertilizer, and watering.
SYSTEMATIC AND SCIENTIFIC WAYS OF CARING FOR ORCHARD TREES

AND SEEDLINGS.
Ways of watering plants
1. Natural- This is nature’s way of providing water for plants through

the rain.
2. Manual- This is with the use of a water pail and dipper or water
sprinkler.
3. Artificial- Water supply is artificially produced from a deep-well,
dams, and river with the help of motors. Under this method are the
following:
 Surface or furrow irrigation – Water is distributed to each row so
it is applicable only for row crops with uniform slope.
 Sprinkler irrigation- This include the line, rotating, and micro
sprinklers in which artificial rain is generated through special
devices that wet the entire field.
 Drip or trickle irrigation- A special water source designed to
discharge water close to the plant, wetting only that area and
leaving the rest dry.
 Sub-irrigation- This type is very high in cost because the water
source is underground.
Proper irrigation is very important for each orchard may it be large or
small scale. It has to be done properly for the seedlings to grow
healthy and the trees to start bearing fruits.
Proper ways of cultivating
 Cultivating the land is practiced to help promote the growth of

roots and improve aeration for fast absorption of nutrients by
the soil.
There are two ways:
 Off-barring- cultivating the soil in rows.
 Hilling -up – cultivating the soil towards the base of the plant.
 When cultivation is done properly, the growth of weeds can be
controlled. Soil texture will improve plant growth and distractive
microorganisms found in the soil will eventually die.
 Preparing and applying organic fertilizer
 Fertilizer is any substance added to the soil that promotes the
healthy growth of plants.
 They are classified into two types:
 Inorganic- artificial fertilizer made from chemicals (liquid,
soluble, and granular form).
 Organic – natural fertilizer from decayed matter, animals, and
other natural sources.
Page 26 of 53
Fertilizer Advantages Disadvantages
Inorganic  Odorless and  Made of chemicals
handy  Hazardous to
 Always animals
available in the  Expensive
market  Makes the soil
 Fast production  Makes the soil
unfertile
(dependent to it)
Organic  Natural  Foul odor
 Easy to  It takes time to
produce prepare
 Promote the
growth of
beneficial
organism
 Adds more
nutrients to the
soil
 Very high in
production
Examples of organic fertilizer

 Humus- comes from decayed matters from plants and animals
mixed with soilL
 Manure – comes from animal waste such as livestock (big
animals) and poultry (chicken) waste.
 Green manure – comes from decayed plants.
 Compost – comes from decomposed biodegradable waste in
a pit.
 Compost pit- composting by digging pit keeping compost
underground.
 Basket compost – composting home garbage in container.
 Compost heap – a compost pile.
 Vermi compost – comes from the waste of vermin (earthworm).
 Liquid fertilizer – made from the juice of plants and vermin
compost through the process of concoction (allows the juice
to decompose with red sugar/molasses in a container).
 Preparing organic fertilizers take a long period of time but
provides a lot of help to plants.
Benefits of using organic fertilizer

 It increases the yield.
 It improves soil condition. Clay soil will turn porous when organic
fertilizer is added.
 It balances the soil pH. Soil pH is the degree of acidity and
alkalinity of the soil. Pulverized eggshell, oyster shell, bone meal,
and any lime will neutralize the acidity of the soil.
 It helps the development of roots, flowers, shoots, and fruits.
Page 27 of 53
Ways to make an organic fertilizer (compost pit)
1. Dig the hole for your compost pit.
2. Chop your composting materials finely.
3. Add the organic materials to the compost pit.
4. Place a board over the hole if you plan to add more scraps.
5. Cover your compost with soil.
6. Keep the compost pit wet while it is decomposing.
7. Sow plants above the compost after it has decomposed.
Preparing organic liquid fertilizer

Ingredients:
Chopped fruits and vegetables
Red sugar/molasses
Container
Manila paper
Masking tape
Procedure:
1.Mix sugar, chopped fruits, and vegetables in a container.
2.Squeeze the mixture until all ingredients looks watery.
3.Cover the container using manila paper and masking tape.
4.Put date of process, wait for ten days to harvest the fertilizer.
5.During harvest filter the mixture. Get the juice.
Benefits of using organic pesticide

The use of pesticide may be necessary to protect and prevent plants
and trees from getting damaged due to infestation. Following are
some of the advantages and benefits of using pesticides:
 Insect pest life cycle will be stopped.
 Infestation will be lessened.
 Prevents the spread of plant diseases
 The growth of plant will continue to progress.
 Higher yield is expected.
Preparing organic pesticide

Ingredients:
1 cup of red chilli
1 roll of makabuhay (bitter plant)
Whole garlic
1 cup warm water
Materials needed:
Apron, face mask, hand gloves
Knife, chopping board, medium bowl
Empty glass bottle or spray bottle
Funnel and piece of clean cloth
Procedure:
1.Chop all ingredients into pieces. Put in a bowl. Squeeze, and then
filter using another clean cloth.
2.Add water. Use funnel transfer the solution to the empty or spray
Page 28 of 53
bottles.
3.Spray to infected plants. The effectivity of the solution last only for 3
days. Make sure it is already consumed before the time of expiration.
*Safety measures in preparing fertilizers and organic pesticide

 Always wear the personal protective equipment such as face
mask, hand gloves, apron, working clothes, and boots.
 Always read the instruction before doing the activity.
 Follow the guide of proper posture while working to avoid
straining your back.
 Check the working condition of tools before using them.
 Never leave your work unattended especially when ingredients
are about to be mixed.
 Measure all ingredients properly and follow the correct
procedures. Do not deviate from the instructions provided.
 Always focus on the work at hand. Avoid destructions.
 Avoid exposures to pesticides.
 Maintain a clean working place and free from any
disturbances.
 Never forget to take a bath and clean thoroughly after
working.
Reference:
Gloria A. Peralta, et al. The Basics of Better Family Living
WEEK LESSON 16: MARKETING FRUITS AND SEEDLINGS

6
1.6 markets fruits and seedlings
1.6.1 applies scientific knowledge and skills in identifying fruits and
seedlings ready for sale
1.6.2 keeps updated record of trees/seedlings for sale
1.6.3 plans marketing strategy to be used in selling
1.6.4 uses online marketing of orchard trees/seedlings
1.6.5 prepares flyers or brochures Learning Competency
1.6.6 Develops plan for expansion of planting trees and seedling
producti
Lesson Objectives:
1.Keep updated record of trees/seedlings for sale
2.Plan marketing strategy to be used in selling
3.Use online marketing of orchard trees and seedlings
4.Prepare flyers and brochures
LET’S BE INFORMED
Characteristics of marketable seedlings
 The stem is strong, thick, and healthy.
 It has five or more leaves.
 Establish healthy roots.
Once your products have undergone quality control inspection and
Page 29 of 53
are deemed marketable, you may start promoting them. Below are
some ways one can promote and market a product:
 Conduct survey to find the needs of the community. What fruits
are in demand
 Prepare and distribute pamphlet, flyers, and brochures-
containing information about the location and the picture of
products.
 Use online marketing tools.
 Post contact numbers for clients who want to order or inquire
about the product.
 Keeping a record of sales.
Marketing strategy used in selling

Marketing fresh fruits starts with educating your clientele about the
value of buying healthy food.
Today, when more and more people are realizing the importance of
a vitamin and fiber-rich diet to one’s health, marketing fruits in this
manner can be very effective.
It might also help to provide detailed information such as the use of
organic fertilizer, and the variety of produce.
The use of online marketing of orchard trees/seedlings is the fastest
way to market products nowadays. Another is the preparation,
distribution, and posting of flyers in conspicuous places.
Selling the Plants

More and more homes, offices, hospitals, and other business
establishments include greens to decorate their interiors. They buy or
rent plants from nurseries. To attract buyers, collectors, and those who
are going to buy orchard owners provide the following:
 Artistically arranged plants miniature rock gardens and
healthy plants
 Tall plants with thick foliage
 Rare plants
 Shady/clean and unobstructed pathways
 Helpful information tips
 Reasonable prize
 Cheerful, honest, and accommodating caretakers/sales
person
LESSON 17: FUTURE PLAN FOR EXPANSION

Learning Competencies
1.7 markets fruits and seedlings
1.7.1 applies scientific knowledge and skills in identifying fruits and
seedlings ready for sale
1.7.2 keeps updated record of trees/seedlings for sale
1.7.3 plans marketing strategy to be used in selling
1.7.4 uses online marketing of orchard trees/seedlings
1.7.5 prepares flyers or brochures
1.7.6 Develops plan for expansion of planting trees and seedling
production
Lesson Objectives
Page 30 of 53
1. Keep updated record of trees/seedlings for sale
2. Plan marketing strategy to be used in selling
3. Use online marketing of orchard trees and seedlings
4. Prepare flyers and brochures
Every business should have a future plan for expansion. A successful

orchard is important to the community and environment. Its benefits
stand as evidence that expansion is necessary.
TIPS FOR FUTURE EXPANSION:

 Community survey and symposium to find the needs of the
locality.
 Build relationship to stakeholders of the community, the local
government unit, schools, and private sectors who runs related
business.
 Real market status understands the demand-what are the fruit
rate of sales?
 Open for investment and franchising.
 Availability of experience/skilled orchard technician.
WEEK LESSON 18: CONDUCTING A SURVEY (ANIMAL AND FISH RAISING)

7 1.1 Conducts survey to find out:
1.1.1 persons in the community whose occupation is animal (four –
legged)/ fish raising
1.1.2 kinds of four-legged animals/fish being raised as means of
livelihood
1.1.3 possible hazards that animal raising can cause to the people
and community.
1.1.4 Ways to prevent hazards brought about by raising animals
1.1.5 Market demands for animal/fish products and by products
1.1.6 Direct consumers or retailers
1.1.7 Benefits that can be derived from animal/fish raising
1.1.8 Stories of successful entrepreneurs in animal/fish raising
Objectives
-Identify animals to be raised as an alternative source of income for
the family
-Discuss how to feed these animals
-Prepare list of needed materials to start the project-animal raising
Prepare schedule of work for raising, caring, processing, and
marketing of products and by-product
Implement plan on animal raising
Compute income, expenses and gains
Record potential income, expenses, and gains
LET’S BE INFORMED
Animal raising or fish farming industry can lead to different

entrepreneurial endeavors ranging from the sale of live animals and
fish to the production of by-products including meat.
Page 31 of 53
A. Conducting a survey
Whether it is small scale (backyard) farming or large-scale farming
that you have in mind, it is best to take initial steps.
 Know your area

Find out if there are other farms of the same kind in your area. How
many? Will there be competition between you and the other farms in
your area?
 Know the local animal and fish industry

a. What other animals and fishes are raised in other farms?
Will it have any kind of effect on your farm?
b. Where will you be getting your farm supplies? Know the office of
the provincial veterinarian or the local office of the Bureau of Animal
Industry (BAI).
 Know the people in the community

There are certain rules on zoning. Make sure you have been cleared
to put up a farm or raise documentations should be secured prior to
operation since animal farms are prohibited to operate in or near
residential areas.
 Know your market

Know the local market and middle men. Get in touch with direct
buyers, consumers, and retailers in your area.
 Learn from others

Some say that experience is the best teacher. Learn from other
people’s previous experiences. Think of ways to do business deals
better.
LESSON 19: KINDS OF FOUR-LEGGED ANIMALS /FISH RAISED AS MEANS

OF LIVELIHOOD
Objectives:
1.Identify animals to be raised as an alternative source of income for
the family
2.Discuss how to feed these animals
3.Prepare list of needed materials to start the project-animal raising
4.Prepare schedule of work for raising, caring, processing, and
marketing of products and by-product
5.Implement plan on animal raising
6.Compute income, expenses and gains
- SWINE/TILAPIA - GOATCATFISH
-CATTLE/MILKFISH -CAR
Planning for the family’s animal and fish raising project Particularly, in
livestock raising, you consider not only the animals to be raised but
also their dwelling, food, water supply, and many other things.
Here are some suggestions to make the right decisions.
Page 32 of 53
 Attend seminars sponsored by government agencies.
 Read journals or magazines on livestock raising
 Interview persons authority or experts on animal raising.
 Have enough capital or budget for the venture.
 Decide on what animal to raise.
 Determine the proper location or space for the chosen
animals.
 Ascertain sufficient food supply for the animals.
 Look into the water system of the place.
 Check manpower.
ANIMALS TO BE RAISED
Raising swine/hog raising
Hog meat is one of the popular meats in the market. Filipinos are
heavy consumers of this protein-rich food.
Breeds
The following are the standard breeds of swine commonly raised
today:
a. Hampshire – The pig looks smaller than other breeds. The ears are
erect, tail is usually black, and legs are short.
Image Source:
https://www.britannica.com/animal/Hampshire-breed-of-pig
b. Duroc – This breed comes from New Jersey. It has a dark red and
golden yellow color. It is also a good producer of milk and has good
mothering characteristics.
Image Source:
https://www.britannica.com/animal/Duroc
c. Yorkshire-This breed is commonly raised in Canada. It has large ears
Page 33 of 53
with white and black spots. This breed is a good source of meat for
making bacon.
Image Source:
https://northernnester.com/yorkshire-pigs/
d. Landrace – This breed comes from Denmark. It has white hair and
skin. Its ears are larger in size and covers much of its face. Its meat is
best for making bacon, ham, and pork chop
Image Source:
https://nationalswine.com/about/breeds/about-landrace.php
e. Hypor- This breed has well-muscled back, well developed ham,

and has high carcass quality. It has superior milking qualities.
Image Source:
https://www.wattagnet.com/articles/26795-hypor-adding-pig-
performance-feeding-stations
Page 34 of 53
f. Poland China- This breed is black in color with white spots on its feet,
tail, and face. It has thick meat.
Image Source:
https://www.wattagnet.com/articles/26795-hypor-adding-pig-
g. Tamworth – This has a long narrow head, long snout, and erect ears.
The body is light and dark red in color. Its meat is best for making
bacon.
Image Source:
https://www.hobbyfarms.com/pigs-of-a-different-color-2/
Feeding Swine
Swine at different age levels require different feed types to be given
two to three times per day. These are the following:
Starter Mash- This is given to two to eight-week-old piglets.
Growing mash- This is given to two to six-month-old piglets.
Fattening mash- This is given to ten-month-old piglets until they are
ready for slaughtering.
Alternative food like camote tops, kangkong, papaya leaves may
also be given to swine from time to time.
Needed materials to start the project
REQUIREMENTS FOR HOG RAISING

 Pigpen. This must have adequate space for the pig to move
around freely. There must be trough for feeds and water. The
roofing is made of galvanized sheets. The floor is slightly sloping
to the draining area to prevent urine and manure from
accumulating. A pit is provided for dumping of hog waste
 Piglet. This must be carefully selected. Check skin, legs, feet
and nails, as well as breed and size. Also choose those that
have been vaccinated with anti-cholera, anti-anemia, and
Page 35 of 53
immunization from other diseases.
 Food. There are many kinds containing various ingredients and
nutrients. Avoid giving spoiled food for this can cause diseases
which can be transmitted to humans.
 Care. One must ensure that the pigs do not contact any
diseases. Proper care includes keeping them in pigpens,
maintaining cleanliness in their spaces, bathing them every
day, and consulting a veterinarian when necessary.
Goat raising
Goats are easier to raise because they simply live on grass and leaves
of plants like ipil-ipil, kangkong, camote, and tamarind. They are
managed for the production of milk, meat and wool. Among goats,
major health problems are internal and external parasites coccidiosis
(in kids before and after weaning) and pneumonia.
A good health care program includes vaccination for most diseases

and is established between the grower and veterinarian. In the
Philippines, goat meat is relatively more expensive than chicken, pork,
or beef, Goat farming has a high potential for profit. Goats, like cattle,
may be caged in a pen or allowed to graze on a large parcel of
grassy land.
Image Source:
https://thecounter.org/the-goat-gap/
Needs in goat raising

In launching a goat enterprise, consider the resources you have to
devote to the project. Personal attitudes like interest and
determination, availability of land, machinery, equipment, labor,
capital, and marketing/selling are the things that should matter. Also,
there should be a profitable outlet for goat products.
Housing for goats

A good housing for goats is very essential as they are prone to
pneumonia when regularly exposed to rain. A goat house must be
well ventilated, clean, and dry. There should be separate pens for
lactating does, dry does, kids and bucks. A fenced loafing area
should be provided complete with feeding racks and water troughs.
Page 36 of 53
Feeding the goats
Goats are known to relish paragrass, stargrass, napier grass, guinea
grass, and centrosema among other grasses and legumes.
Goats like other livestock, require the same nutrients such as protein,
carbohydrates, fats, minerals, vitamins, and water. During the rainy
season, keep the goats in their pen. Feed them with cut grass and
salt. Salt makes goats keep a steady appetite making them grow
faster and produce more milk.
Fish farming
Fish farming is one of the biggest industries in the Philippines. As an
archipelago, surrounded by many bodies of water, the country is rich
in natural resources, making fish farming is suitable and viable source
of livelihood for many Filipinos.
Tilapia
Tilapia is one of the most in demand fish in the market today. Fish
growers both locally and abroad are focusing aquaculture efforts on
Tilapia because of the demand for it as well as its rapid growth and
productivity at harvest time
Image Source:
https://www.alimentarium.org/en/knowledge/tilapia
WAYS OF RAISING TILAPIA

Tilapia may be grown in three ways.
 Using the drum. This pertains to the use of big drums to grow
tilapia. Because the space is limited, the harvest is also limited
just enough for a family’s consumption.
 Using a fish pen or pond. This indicates that the use of rivers and
lakes with pens or ponds measuring 1x1x1 square meters. This
can raise from 250 to 1500 tilapia.
Using an artificial pond. This suggests raising tilapia in an excavated or

dug out concrete pond at the backyard preferably near a water
source where
Page 37 of 53
Milkfish
Also referred to as the national fish of the Philippines, milkfish or
bangus is very popular for its milky taste. Like the tilapia, milkfish
requires no special kind of feed, for its diet. Milkfish can be harvested
after seven to ten months of feeding
Image Source:
http://www.fao.org/fishery/affris/species-profiles/milkfish/milkfish-
home/en/
Catfish
Catfish resembles cat’s whiskers. This fish has become a staple food
for many Filipinos especially in the tagalog region. Catfish can be
harvested between four to six months of feeding
Image Source:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catfish
Ways of raising fish

The following are the common types of fish enclosures used today.
a. Dug out/excavated enclosures – This type of fish pen is an inland
fish pen. A large land area is excavated to create a pool of water
where fish can be grown
b. Concrete/plastic enclosures-Concrete and plastic fish tanks are
usually used for commercial fingerling production and research
development.
c. Fish cages- This is an enclosure made of nets and stakes placed in
large bodies of water like the sea, lakes, and rivers to contain and
protect fish until they can be harvested
LESSON 21: COMMON HAZARDS THAT ANIMAL RAISING CAN CAUSE TO

THE PEOPLE AND COMMUNITY
Every farm is different, but hazards common to most farms include:
 animals – injuries inflicted by animals can include bites, kicks,
crushing, ramming, trampling, and transmission of certain
infectious diseases such as giardia, salmonella, ringworm and
leptospirosis
Page 38 of 53
 chemicals – pesticides and herbicides can cause injuries such
as burns, respiratory illness or poisoning
 confined spaces – such as silos, water tanks, milk vats and
manure pits may contain unsafe atmospheres, which can
cause poisoning or suffocation
 electricity – dangers include faulty switches, cords, machinery
or overhead power lines
 heights – falls from ladders, rooftops, silos and windmills are a
major cause of injury
 machinery – hazards include tractors without roll-over
protection structures (ROPS), power take-off (PTO) shafts,
chainsaws, augers, motorbikes and machinery with unguarded
moving parts
 noise pollution – noise from livestock, machinery and guns can
affect your hearing
 vehicles – crashes or falls from motorbikes, two-wheel and
quad bikes, tractors, Utes and horses can result in major injuries
 water – drowning can occur in as little as five centimeters of
water. Dams, lakes, ponds, rivers, channels, tanks, drums and
creeks are all hazards. Young children are particularly at risk
 weather – hazards include sunburn, heat stroke, dehydration
and hypothermia.
Reference:
https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/HealthyLiving/farm-
safety-risks-and-hazards
LESSON 22: WAYS TO PREVENT HAZARD BROUGHT ABOUT BY RAISING

ANIMALS
 Farmers and farm workers can easily be injured by livestock.
Cattle, pigs, horses, sheep, dogs and other farm animals can
be unpredictable and should be treated with caution at all
times. Attempting to lift or push animals can cause injury and
animals may also transmit certain diseases. Plan ahead for any
task, maintain a barrier between the animals and yourself, and
get help if you need it.
 To prevent farm accidents, assess the breed, temperament,
gender mix, size and training of your animals. Remember that
both male and female animals may be more aggressive during
the mating season.
 Make sure your workers are adequately trained and familiar
with the temperament of the animals they are working with.
Also ensure that yards and fences are well designed and
properly maintained.
 Always wear suitable protective clothing (pants, boots) and
use appropriate animal-handling facilities and aids such as
cradles and crushes.
Reference:
https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/HealthyLiving/farm-
safety-handling-animals
Page 39 of 53
WEEK LESSON 24: BENEFITS THAT CAN BE DERIVED FROM ANIMAL/FISH
8 RAISING
Humane animal farming is better for everyone. Animals live longer,
healthier and more active lives. High welfare farming can be less
damaging to the environment. And farmers can earn more too. So,
we work with governments, farmers and consumers all over the world
– campaigning for farm animals and partnering with businesses to
show that farming can be sustainable and profitable.
1. Stable supply and Demand

As one of the highest sources of protein, fish is widely consumed by
Nigerians on a somewhat large scale. This means that demand for this
product is mainly stable all year round and since fishes grow rapidly,
there will always be enough to supply. Investing in fish farming will
definitely incur large and stable stream of profits over time
2. Top consumer choice
Fish is relatively cheaper than most meat products and hence, it sells
faster. It is therefore an attractive venture as it remains the top choice
for consumers in terms of affordability.
3. Steady Growth pattern
Growth pattern in fish is very fast and easy to understand. Farmers can
also quicken the growth process of the fishes by giving them certain
growth-enhancing feeds. This characteristic of fish ensures that
farmers can harvest and sell in a very short period of time
4. High Revenue
With proper planning and good management, fish farming can be
very profitable to farmers. With N2 million as capital or investment, one
could gain up to N3 million worth of profit in just six months.
5. No Environmental Hazard
Fish farming ventures can be set up anywhere, including residential
areas, as it does not create any environmental or health hazards.
6. Easy Addition to General farm activities
Farmers can easily incorporate fish farming with their already existing
crop farms and gain more profit while conserving water and other
resources.
7. Any species of fish can be Reared
Exclusive fish farming enables farmers to grow any species of fish they
want to.
8. Ease of Access
The fish ponds can be established within the farmer’s compound to
increase accessibility and reduce costs of transportation.
9. Great Source of Omega 3
Fish still remains the biggest source of omega 3 fatty acids which is
very beneficial to the human heart and brain. Omega 3 is not
produced in the human body and it can only be gotten from an
external source. Fish is a great and healthy source of this nutrient.
10. Easy to maintain
With adequate knowledge, expertise and resources, fishes can be
very easy to handle and maintain.
Without a doubt, fish farming is one of the most lucrative agricultural
business ventures. With a brilliant business plan and the much-needed
Page 40 of 53
resources and expertise, one can easily obtain great success through
fish farming.
LESSON 26: PLANNING FOR THE FAMILY’S ANIMAL AND FISH RAISING
PROJECT
Preparing schedule of work for raising, caring, processing, and
marketing of products and by products.
The following points out the schedule of work when you put up a farm.
• Development of a business plan
This includes setting the objectives that you want to attain
The following are the required permits when putting up a farm
business:
• Business name registration
This permit is secured from the Department of Trade and Industry (DTI)
• Barangay Clearance
You need to secure the necessary permit to operate from the
barangay where your farm will be put up.
• Mayor’s permit and License/Sanitary permit
The local government, which has jurisdiction over the area where the
business is located issues business licenses or license to operate to
establishments.
• Tax Identification Number (TIN)
This serves as the business tax ID.
• Environmental Compliance Certificate (ECC)
This document is issued by the department of Environment and
natural Resources (DENR) after inspection of the facilities that you
have built on your farm.
• Planning for operations
This is an outline of the day to day operations of your farm. What gets
done, how it is done, when it is done, who does it (production cycle).
• Development of the marketing plan
This answers the question: What do you do to your products once
these become available
• Establishing your financial plan
This includes budget allotment vs. expenses, debt, labor, and
miscellaneous expenses of the farm.
• Execution of the business plan
At this point, you as a farm operator are able to translate all your
actions to income generation and experience gain.
• Monitoring
It is important to keep records to assess whether your farm business
yields income or not.
• Research and development
It is best to keep learning and take in new ideas and practices that
can help improve your daily operations. The internet is a good source
of free information
Taking Care of the Environment in Raising Animals
It is important to take care of the environment when raising
animals. Some laws regulate the use of a place for animal raising.
Laws prohibit the use of residential areas for large-scale animal raising.
There is a need to segregate waste. A definite place should be
Page 41 of 53
allotted for dumping the waste. Be sure that this waste does not
pollute the surrounding area specially lakes, ponds, and rivers. Animals
should stay in their own fence and they are not allowed to loiter.
LESSON 27: IMPLEMENTATION OF PLAN ON ANIMAL/FISH RAISING
As with any business, it is important to keep records to assess whether

your farm business yields income or not. Assuming that business is
good, farm products are abundant, and daily operations are at their
peak, you should be able to set standards for all aspects of
production. For example, quantity of milk produced every day,
number of young born every breeding cycle, number of animals sold
every selling season
Rubrics for Animal and Fish Raising
Excellent Good Poor

Indicators
(5 points) (3-4) (1-2)
He or she monitors
the growth and
progress of the
project
He or she keeps an
updated record of
the growth and
progress of the
project
He or she
expands/enhances
his or her
knowledge of
animal and fish
raising using the
internet and other
sources of
information.
Total
Page 42 of 53
LESSON 29: MARKETING OF ANIMAL/FISH RAISED
A. Indicators for harvesting/capturing fish
Tilapia can be harvested after three to four months of feeding.
Milkfish can be harvested after seven to ten months of feeding.
Catfish can be harvested between four to six months of feeding.
B. Ways in capturing fish

1.Total pond harvest is accomplished by draining and seining.
2. The pond is partially drained (20-30 %) to concentrate the fish.
3. The pond is repeatedly seined until most (80%) of the fish are
captured.
4. The pond is drained further and seining is continued.
C. Marketing the farm produce

Here are some ways to market your farm produce
1. Direct farm sales

You can sell animal or fish by-products directly from your farm. This is a
very convenient way to generate income since there is no extra cost
for rent. All your selling transactions can be done within your farm.
2.Farmers market/livestock auction market

As an animal raiser/farm operator, you should be on the lookout for
events such as livestock auction markets or similar events in your area
where people from nearby provinces come to buy livestock direct
from raisers themselves.
2.a Farm to market

Some farming families or entrepreneurs also have meat shop or fish
stall in the nearby wet market to sell their own animal products.
2.b Restaurants
One possible livestock client can be the nearby restaurants in your
area. You could establish “suki” system.
2.c Selling through the internet

Due to the wide coverage of the internet, aside from placing
advertisements on different websites, you could also use social media
to market your animal and fish farm products and services.
2.d. Selling through middlemen

There are entrepreneurs and there are people who work with
entrepreneurs to make deals with other entrepreneurs, resellers, and
dealers. These are called middlemen. Middle men are people who
buy goods from animal and fish raisers and sells them to retailers or
other consumers.
D. Marketing Pork, Beef, and By-products

Today, there is a great demand for meat like pork and beef. Pork and
Page 43 of 53
beef are sold in the following forms: fresh, frozen, choice cuts, and
cured as in tocino, tapa, longganisa, and hotdogs. Cow’s milk is
packed as fresh milk, evaporated milk, powdered milk, or used as
ingredient for cheese, butter, yogurt, ice cream, pastillas, and leche
flan and other dessert products.
E. Example computation for the income of a backyard piggery doing

a grow out operation.
Assuming that there is an existing small piggery in your
backyard and you bought (10) two-month old piglets at 3,500.00
each which you intend to grow and sell after four months. In cases
where no infrastructure has been built yet, construction cost (labor
and materials) or rent of facilities should be taken into consideration.
Given:
10 piglets at 3,500.00
Cost of feeds 1,000/head/month (x 4 months)
A six-month-old pig ready for selling (averages of 90kg assuming price
per kilo is 120.00).
(3,500.00/piglet) x (10 heads) = 35,000.00 (cost to buy piglets)
(1,000 food allowance/head/month) x (10 heads ) x (4 months) –
40,000.00 (cost of food forn10 growing pigs)
(90 kg ideal selling weight at 6 months old) x (120.00/kilo of live pig) –
10,800.00 (selling price of each pig after the 4 –month growing period)
10,800.00/head x 10 heads = 108,000.00
108,000.00 (selling price of 10 pigs grown after 4 months)
-(less)
35,000.00 (cost of 10 heads of pig as starter)
-(less)
40,000.00 (cost of food for 4 months)
33,000.00 (income in 4 months or 8,250.00 per month)
With the assumption that labor is free since work is done by members
of the family
RECORD OF EXPENSES/PRODUCTION
Date Item/s Quantity Amount Remarks
WEEK LESSON 30: MANAGED MARKETING OF ANIMAL/FISH RAISED

9
To make fish available to consumers at the right time and in the right
place requires an effective marketing system. Fishermen who catch
fish by labouring overnight (from common-property water bodies) do
not usually sell fish in retail markets. At the break of day, they take their
catches to places where Nikaries/Beparies, or retailers, meet them
and bargain by the lot. At the landing point, the number of
intermediaries is low. Only one or two intermediaries may approach a
Page 44 of 53
fisherman. Once bargaining has started, other intermediaries remain
at a distance and wait for their turn to deal, should the first
intermediary fail to obtain the fisherman's lot. If the first intermediary is
unsuccessful, other steps in to bargain for the catch. Normally, the first
Nikary/Paiker-retailer does not allow this to happen and secures the
lot for himself. No open bidding exists in such a case. Therefore, the
poor fisherman often falls prey to the Nikari/Bepari/Paiker-retailer's
crude exploitations.
A fisherman, as a seller, cannot negotiate favorable prices for himself

mainly because:
 he meets buyers (intermediaries) one at a time and at different

times,
 he cannot keep fish for a long time because the product is
highly perishable,
 he has no specific place to sit in the market to sell his fish.
Reference:
http://www.fao.org/3/y2876e0i.htm
LESSON 31: DISCUSSES INDICATORS FOR HARVESTING/CAPTURING

In addition to estimates of stock size, fisheries stock assessments also

provide decision-makers with a quantitative evaluation of the
consequences of alternative actions. A biological representation of
the stock dynamics must be incorporated in an evaluation of the
consequences of alternative actions, encompassing the harvest
strategy. The utility of assessment methods cannot be evaluated
without considering how the assessments are used to choose among
alternative harvest strategies.
Three related terms must be distinguished:

1. Harvest strategies are the plans for adjusting management
options in relation to the status of the fish stock. The two most
common harvest strategies are (a) fixed exploitation rate, in
which an attempt is made to take a constant fraction of the
fish stock each year, and (b) constant escapement, in which
an attempt is made to maintain the spawning stock size near
some constant level.
2. Harvest tactics are the regulatory tools (e.g., quotas, seasons,
gear restrictions) used to implement a harvest strategy. Harvest
tactics are quite diverse, and almost all fisheries employ gear
restrictions, area restrictions, and some limitation of seasons.
Quotas are increasingly employed in large-scale commercial
fisheries, whereas closed seasons and closed areas are
common in recreational fisheries.
3. Management procedures represent the combination of data
collection, assessment procedure, harvest strategy, and
harvest tactics.
Page 45 of 53
LESSON 32: DEMONSTRATE SKILL IN HARVESTING/CAPTURING
ANIMAL/FISH
 Harvest without draining the water If you do not have enough

water to fill your pond again and you want to harvest only part
of your fish, you can use a seine net to gather them without
draining the water. A seine net with a mesh of 3 to 3.5
centimeters will catch the biggest fish and allow the small fish
to escape through the net.
 Harvest by draining all of the water If you have enough good
water to fill the pond again, it is best to drain all of the water. If
you drain all of the water, you will be sure to catch all of the fish
and you can clean the bottom of your pond.
Reference:
http://www.education.gov.pg/TISER/documents/students/short-
courses/raising-fresh-water-fish-harvesting-your-fish.pdf
https://www.nap.edu/read/5951/chapter/6
LESSON 33: COMPUTES THE INCOME EARNED FROM MARKETED

PRODUCTS (GROSS SALE-EXPENSES=NET INCOME)
Generally, business income is computed as follows:
Business Income = Revenue – Expense
Business income is the amount of gain (in monetary value or in kind)

earned from a sale of a service and/or product after deducting all
incidental expenses incurred by the business.
Revenue is the amount of money received (or to be received) in
exchange for the product and/or services provided and sold.
Expense is the amount of money paid (or to be paid) in exchange for
product and/or service received and purchased.
3 Easy Steps in Computing Business Income

1. Identify all the products and/or services sold in a given period
and then total the amount. The total represents your revenue.
2. Identify all the costs you pay in order to operate your business
in the same given period. The total represents your total
expenses.
3. To compute your business income, subtract your total expenses
against your total revenue.
Sample Illustration and Computation

John Doe is a software developer who owns a Software Company
which focuses on developing and selling online software. Additionally,
he has a number of blogs that promotes other people’s products and
in return, he earns commission income. (Note that the period we want
to compute is for the whole year of 2011.)
Step 1 – During 2011, Joe’s revenue was as follows:
Page 46 of 53
Sale of Software P200,000
Commission on sales of other people’s product 40,000
Total Revenue P240,000
Step 2 – The cost in operating Joe’s Software Company during 2011

includes the following:
Web Hosting Expenses P2,400
Domain Fees
10
Salaries Paid 60,000
Rental and Utilities Expenses 10,000
Total Expenses P72,410
Step 3 – Joe’s business income in 2011 is P167590, computed as

follows:
Business Income = Total Revenue – Total Expenses
= P240,000 – P72,410
= P167,590
Based on computed business income for 2011, Joe’s Software

Company is showing a good performance since the total revenue is
greater than the total expenses.
Reference:
https://www.lifehack.org/articles/money/how-to-compute-your-
business-income.
Prepared by:
RUBY G. BRIONES
Master Teacher II
Victoria East Central School
Noted by:
MIRANI C. DIAZ ELSA F. AGUILAR,Ph.D

Elementary School Principal Public School District Supervisor
Reviewed by:
NANCY C. DOLOROSA, Ph. D BOBBY P. CAOAGDAN, Ed.D

EPSvr I -TLE ESPSvr I -LRMDS
Recommending Approval:
PAULINO D. DE PANO Ph.D

Chief - CID
Approved:
RONALDO A. POZON, Ph.D,CESO V

Schools Division Superintendent
Page 47 of 53
ANNEX 1
Data Source:
 MELCS 2020
 Gloria A. Peralta, EdD, et al. Life Skills Through TLE 6
 Learning and Living in the 21st Century for Grade 6, pp 309- 315
 Gloria A. Peralta, et al. The Basics of Better Family Living pp. 53-59
 Learning and Living in the 21st Century 6 pp.331
 Moving up with HELE 6 pp.161
 Moving up with HELE 6 pp 145
 https://www.google.com.ph/search?q=budding
 https://www.google.com.ph/search?q=grafting
 https://www.google.com.ph/search?q=marcotting
 https://content.ces.ncsu.edu/grafting-and-budding-nursery-crop-
plants
 http://www.fao.org/docrep
 https://www.raitechuniversity.in/school%20of%20agricultur/e-
resources/Planting%20system%20in%20orchards.pdf
 http://agritech.tnau.ac.in/horticulture/horti_orchard%20management.
html
 http://www.aces.edu/pubs/docs/A/ANR-0053-I/ANR-0053-I.pdf
 Gloria A. Peralta, et al. The Basics of Better Family Living 6
 HELE for Life
 Gloria A. Peralta, et al. The Basics of Better Family Living
 http://www.fao.org/3/y2876e0i.htm
 http://www.education.gov.pg/TISER/documents/students/short-
courses/raising-fresh-water-fish-harvesting-your-fish.pdf
 https://www.nap.edu/read/5951/chapter/6
 https://www.lifehack.org/articles/money/how-to-compute-your-
business-income.
Image Source:
 https://images.summitmedia-
digital.com/spotph/images/2016/08/26/ZambalesGuide_rosa.jpg
 Kitsiesfarm.com
 https://www.lakadpilipinas.com/2014/06/nica-farm-green-rambutan-
antique.html
 www.shutterstock.com
 https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/97531148151036900/
 https://irrecenvhort.ifas.ufl.edu/plant-prop-glossary/06-grafting/02-
graftingtypes/11-grafting-saddle.html
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subsoil
 treehugger.com/what-are-nematodes-4863593
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tree_stump
 http://ecoursesonline.iasri.res.in/mod/page/view.php?id=1578
 https://www.agrihortieducation.com/2016/09/systems-of-planting.html
Page 48 of 53
 https://www.indiamart.com/proddetail/iron-garden-hoe-
21565763262.html
 https://www.mitre10.co.nz/shop/number-8-garden-rake-16-tooth-
hammersmith-silver/p/318862
 https://www.amazon.com/DeWit-X-Treme-Hand-Trowel-
Small/dp/B00QESGSZ8
 https://www.helikon-tex.com/en_eur/ax-bk4-ts-hultafors-splitting-axe-
hobby-hkly-1-4-650.html
 https://www.indiamart.com/proddetail/12-inch-iron-crowbar-
2360242512.html
 https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Bolo_knife
 https://www.humboldtmfg.com/shovel-round-point.html
 https://www.pinterest.ph/gurleysmemphis/gardening-tools/
 https://www.kindpng.com/imgv/ixoJoJb_green-plastic-watering-can-
hand-water-sprinkler-hd/
 https://cncnbm.en.made-in-
china.com/product/QqvJeOCMnPWn/China-Garden-Tools-5-Cuft-
Metal-Wheel-Barrow-Wheelbarrow-for-Gardening-Construction.html
 https://www.mitre10.co.nz/shop/number-8-hose-30m-green-
dark/p/238109
 https://www.tractorsupply.com/tsc/product/groundwork-sprayer-1-2-
gal-capacity
 https://www.monotaro.ph/p/41082054/
 https://www.ebay.com/itm/Bamboo-Poles-Natural-1-x-6-ft-25-Pcs-
Bundled-Durable-Garden-Plant-Cage-Support/173833160078
 https://www.amazon.co.uk/JEOutdoors-Pruning-Professional-Trimmer-
Shears-JO0001/dp/B072JCW85Q
 https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/8866530502839265/
 https://www.britannica.com/animal/Hampshire-breed-of-pig
 https://www.britannica.com/animal/Duroc
 https://northernnester.com/yorkshire-pigs/
 https://nationalswine.com/about/breeds/about-landrace.php
 https://www.wattagnet.com/articles/26795-hypor-adding-pig-
 https://www.wattagnet.com/articles/26795-hypor-adding-pig-
 https://www.hobbyfarms.com/pigs-of-a-different-color-2/
 https://thecounter.org/the-goat-gap/
 https://www.alimentarium.org/en/knowledge/tilapia
 http://www.fao.org/fishery/affris/species-profiles/milkfish/milkfish-
home/en/
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catfish
Page 49 of 53
TEST QUESTIONS IN GRADE SIX
TLE-AGRICULTURE
Name: __________________________________ Score: _______
True or False: Write T if the statement is true and F if it is false.

___ ___ 1. Trees are man’s source of food
_______ 2 . Trees give off carbon dioxide.
_______ 3. Man needs carbon dioxide to live.
_______ 4 . Resin is a chemical derived from trees.
_______ 5. Too many trees cause pollution.
Write TRUE if the statement is an effective marketing strategy for the fruits and
seedlings and FALSE if it is not.
_____6. Do the act of transacting or negotiate to the consumers and dealers

of the fruit trees.
_____ 7. The Word of Mouth make the convincing to get the marketing of the
products
Match column A with column B.

A B
a. slows down speed of _____ 8. Carbon dioxide
typhoons/storms
b. this is what trees give off _____ 9. Windbreakers
c. Is what man gives off _____ 10. Lumber
d. the root system holds water in the _____ 11. erosion
soil in order to prevent this
e. processed wood used to construct ______ 12. oxygen

houses for man and animals
Draw a star (( ) before the number if the practices are good and a ring (
)on practices that are not .
13. I always join community projects like planting.

14. I wear the appropriate working ces when planting.
15. Choose good quality seeds coming from a good quality mother
.16. Plant all types with equal distances from one another.
17. I prefer to use organic fertilizer as it is safe and economical.
18. Keep the soil moist around young trees by watering mid afternoon.
19. Spray insecticide often to avoid insect infestation.
Page 50 of 53
Identify the successful orchard growers in the Philippines
__________________ 20. dragon fruit business ,
__________________ 21. The “Juice King of the Philippines, Zest – Corporation.
__________________ 22. watermelons, honeydew melons, and papaya, in
Alicia, Isabela
Identify the method in the propagation asexually or by artificial of fruit -

bearing trees.
( Grafting,
Rhizome,
Marcotting, suckers,
Runners)
23. Avocado ( ______ )

24. Banana (______ )
25 Star apple ( ______ )
26 Chico (______ )
27. Guyabano (______ )
Identify the following. Write your answers on the blank before each number.
29Choose the CORRECT answer from the box.

Carabao mango, Pico, Indian Mango, banana, rambutan,
durian, male papaya, papain, dalandan or
citrus ,lanzones,
________28. The kind of mango that has a mixed taste, both sweet and sour.
_______ 29 . The mango that originated in India.
________30. The most common sought mango variety and exported in other
countries.
_______31. The enzyme found in papaya that helps tenderize mea
_______ 32. A popularly known fruit due to its strong aroma and unique taste.
________ 33. This fruit originated from China.
________ 34. Fruits grown in Indang, Cavite.
________ 35. This fruit has plenty of health benefits.
________ 36. It is the leading fruit grown in the Philippines and a
consistent top dollar earner.
The following are detailed plan on how to raise animals for alternative source
of income of the family.
Arrange them in order. Number 1-5 (37-41)
______37. Constructing cage or shelter
______38. Harvesting
______39. Make the place safe and secure from any hazard and put
protections.
______40. Feeding
______ 41.Stocking is needed for the young animals.
On the line, draw a HAPPY FACE if the statement is correct. Draw A SAD FACE
if the statement is incorrect.
______42. Goats are easy to raise, resistant to diseases, and eat even grass
Page 51 of 53
and salt.
______43. Farm-raised fish contains lower levels of chemical pollutants than fish
raised in the natural environment.
______44. Retailing products is one of the methods that guarantees the
biggest earnings because all expenses of commission and extra handling is
cut out.
______45. You must sell fish and meat products during peak season when
there is high demand.
______46. The use of Internet can be a good venue for marketing product
especially in large scale transactions.
Assuming of existing piggery in the backyard and no other infrastructure that
needs to be built, give the sample computation for;
20 piglets at Php 2500 /piglet
Cost of feeds 1,000/head/month (x4 months)
A six-month old pig ready for selling (average of 90Kg assuming price per kilo
is
Php 120.00
47._____________ selling price of 20 pigs grown after 4 months
(less)
48. ______________ cost of 20 heads of pig
(less)
49. ______________ cost of good for 4 months
50. ______________ income in 4 months
Prepared by:
RUBY G.
BRIONES
Master Teacher II
Victoria East CS
Victoria East District
Noted by:
MIRANI C. DIAZ ELSA F. AGUILAR, PhD

Elementary School Principal II Public Schools District
Supervisor
Reviewed by:
NANCY C. DOLOROSA ,PhD BOBBY P. CAOAGDAN
,EdD
EPSvr I-EPP/TLE EPSvr I-LRMDS
Recommending Approval:
PAULINO D. DE PANO PhD
Chief -CID
Approved:
RONALDO A. POZON, Ph.D ,CESO V

Schools Division Superintendent
Page 52 of 53

Compendium of Notes in Grade 6 Tle - Agriculture

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Compendium of Notes in Grade 6 Tle - Agriculture

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Republic of the Philippines

COMPENDIUM OF NOTES IN GRADE 6

COMPENDIUM OF CONCEPTS IN EPP SIX (AGRICULTURE)

 Planting and propagating trees and fruit –bearing trees is a

1. food like fruits, vegetables, nuts, and sugar

 OTHER BENEFITS DERIVED FROM TREES

 TREES AND FRUIT-BEARING TREES THAT ONE CAN PLANT

 Some of the common fruit-bearing trees are the following:

*SUCCESSFUL ORCHARD GROWERS IN THE PHILIPPINES

*SUCCESSFUL ORCHARD GROWERS IN THE COMMUNITY OR ADJACENT

WEEK LESSON 2: ELEMENTS TO BE OBSERVED IN PLANTING TREES AND FRUIT-

C. PREPARING SEEDS FOR PLANTING

E. PREPARATION OF SEEDLINGS BEFORE TRANSPLANTING

*General steps in the proper transferring of plants:

5. Cover it with soil. Lightly press the soil.

7. Plant your seedlings in the afternoon when sunlight is no longer

Image Source: www.google.com

Reference: Learning and Living in the 21st Century

1. Mangoes, bananas, and papayas are harvested before they

The right time to harvest depends on the following factors:

*To ensure success in selling fruits, the farmer or seller should

1. Buyers select fruits and other products of good quality, usually

Price your products based on the current price on the market.

Ways of Marketing a Product

LESSON 4: FAMOUS ORCHARD FARMS IN THE COUNTRY

 Rosa Farms, Zambales, Philippines

Image Source: Kitsiesfarm.com

 Gapuz Farm has been in business for 30 years. The Gapuz

 Nica’s Rambutan Farm, Barangay Lapaz, Tibiao, Antique

Orchard is a piece of land planted with fruit trees or nut trees. It is

TYPES OF ORCHARD FARMS

LESSON 7: PROPER WAY OF PLANTING AND PROPAGATING TREES

Plant propagation is a method or reproducing, increasing, or

PROPER WAY OF PROPAGATING FRUIT-BEARING TREES

Image Source: www.shutterstock.com

 Marcotting or Air layering – induces the stem to develop roots

Image Source: https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/97531148151036900/

 Grafting – a plant propagation method that involves inserting a

Fruit-bearing trees propagated by the sexual method (use of seeds):

LESSON 8: SOURCES OF FRUIT-BEARING TREES

Mango fruits are of these varieties:

Most home yards grow papaya trees. They are planted by

Sources of fruit-bearing trees

 Commercial Nursery – Run by private individuals usually

LESSON 9: TAKING CARE OF FRUIT TREE SEEDLINGS

Learning Objective: Demonstrates practices on how to take care of

The following are recommended for best results:

LESSON 10: LAYOUT DESIGN FOR AN ORCHARD GARDEN

10.1 Prepares layout design of an orchard garden using the

5. Apply about 50 to 75 percent of the lime, phosphorus, and other

Subsoil Nematodes Stump

B. Quincunx System/Diamond Pattern

This system is also known as filler or diagonal system. This is a

be of the same kind as those planted on the corners of the square.

D. Hexagonal / Triangular System

The contour system helps prevent or reduce erosion and conserve

Orchard – is an intentional planting of trees that is maintained for food

TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT IN PLANT PROPAGATION AND THEIR USES

7.Crowbar – a straight, heavy iron bar pointed at one end, about 4

8.Bolo – a tool with a wooden or metal handle in which a long blade

9.Shovel – a broad scoop attached to a handle. It is used to dig, lift,

11.Water Sprinkler – a can with a spout to sprinkle water on the plants.