Assignment # 03

Layout

Population
From Q1 to Q2
Area ABEF
Point Blocks 16
Storeys each block 20
Units each storey 8
Persons per unit 5
𝑃𝑜𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 = 16 ∗ 20 ∗ 8 ∗ 5 = 12,800

From Q4 to Q5
Area BDFH
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 = 𝐵𝐷 ∗ 𝐷𝐻 = 1500 ∗ 1000
 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 = 1,500,000 𝑚2
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 1500000
𝐴𝑐𝑟𝑒 = = = 370.66
4046.86 4046.86
For light industries number of persons per acre 50
𝑃𝑜𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 = 370.66 ∗ 50 = 18533

From Q3 to Q2
Area IJMN
𝐴𝑐𝑟𝑒 = 370.66
For private housing and low residential density number of persons per acre 100
𝑃𝑜𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 = 370.66 ∗ 100 = 37066

From Q6 to Q5
Area JLNP
𝐴𝑐𝑟𝑒 = 370.66
For private housing and low residential density number of persons per acre 100
For high residency town center number of persons per acre 200
𝑃𝑜𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 = 370.66 ∗ 200 = 74132

Rates of Flow
From Q1 to Q2
For HDR flow rate is 180 liters/capita/day.
1𝐷𝑊𝐹 = 𝑃𝑜𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 ∗ 180 = 12800 ∗ 180
2304000
1𝐷𝑊𝐹 = = 26.67
24 ∗ 60 ∗ 60
𝑙
3𝐷𝑊𝐹 = 26.67 ∗ 3 = 80
𝑠
From Q3 to Q2
For LDR flow rate is 270 liters/capita/day
1𝐷𝑊𝐹 = 𝑃𝑜𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 ∗ 270 = 37066 ∗ 270
6671880
1𝐷𝑊𝐹 = = 115.83
24 ∗ 60 ∗ 60
𝑙
3𝐷𝑊𝐹 = 115.83 ∗ 3 = 347.5
𝑠
From Q2 to Q5
This is the sum of initial two pipe flows
3𝐷𝑊𝐹 = 80 + 347.5
𝑙
3𝐷𝑊𝐹 = 427.5
𝑠
From Q4 to Q5
For light industries flow rate is 270 liter/capita/day
1𝐷𝑊𝐹 = 𝑃𝑜𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 ∗ 270 = 18533 ∗ 270
5003910
1𝐷𝑊𝐹 = = 57.91
24 ∗ 60 ∗ 60
𝑙
3𝐷𝑊𝐹 = 57.91 ∗ 3 = 173.75
𝑠
From Q6 to Q5
For HDR flow rate is 180 liters/capita/day.
1𝐷𝑊𝐹 = 𝑃𝑜𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 ∗ 180 = 74132 ∗ 180
13343760
1𝐷𝑊𝐹 = = 154.44
24 ∗ 60 ∗ 60
𝑙
3𝐷𝑊𝐹 = 154.44 ∗ 3 = 463.3
𝑠
From Q5 to Q7
This will be the sum of all the flow rates
3𝐷𝑊𝐹 = 427.5 + 173.75 + 463.3
𝑙
3𝐷𝑊𝐹 = 1064.55
𝑠
For these flow rates the lines are drawn on the Nomograph for Manning formula for circular pipes
flowing full (n=0.013) w.r.t. diameters.
From the drawn lines the diameter of the pipe, slope of the pipe and velocity of sewer are
calculated.
For Q1 to Q2:

For Q3 to Q2
For Q2 to Q5

For Q4 to Q5
For Q6 to Q5

For Q5 to Q7
Table A.1
Sewer Line 3DWF (l/s) Sewer ϕ (mm) Gradient (m/m) Velocity (m/s)

Q1-Q2 80 225 0.036 2.1

Q3-Q2 347.5 500 0.0085 1.77

Q2-Q5 427.5 750 0.0016 1.00

Q4-Q5 173.75 400 0.007 1.39

Q6-Q5 463.3 700 0.0026 1.21

Q5-Q7 1064.55 1200 0.00075 0.93

Invert Levels
For Q1 to Q2
Now the invert level of pipe Q1 to Q2 is given below:
Length of pipe 225 meter
Gradient 0.036 m/m
𝐹𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑖𝑝𝑒 = 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ ∗ 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡 = 225 ∗ 0.036 = 8.1𝑚
Now invert level of pipe Q1-Q2 at Q2 is
𝐼𝑛𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑡 𝑙𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑙 = 100 − 8.1 = 91.9𝑚
Crown level of pipe Q1-Q2 at Q2 is:
𝐶𝑟𝑜𝑤𝑛 𝑙𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑙 = 𝐼𝑛𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑡 𝑙𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑙 + 𝑝𝑖𝑝𝑒 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟
= 91.9 + 0.225
𝐶𝑟𝑤𝑜𝑛 𝑙𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑙 = 92.125𝑚
For Q3 to Q2
Now the invert level of pipe Q3 to Q2 is given below:
Length of pipe 792 meter
Gradient 0.0085 m/m
Now finding the rise of pipe Q2 to Q3:
𝑅𝑖𝑠𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑖𝑝𝑒 = 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ ∗ 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡 = 792 ∗ 0.0085
= 6.32𝑚
Crown level of the pipe has to be the same as Q1-Q2 which
is 92.125m
Now invert level of pipe Q3-Q2 at Q2 is
𝐼𝑛𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑡 𝑙𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑙 = 92.125 − 0.5 = 91.625𝑚
Invert level of pipe Q3-Q2 at Q3 is:
𝐼𝑛𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑡 𝑙𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑙 𝑄3 = 91.625 + 6.32 = 97.945𝑚

For Q2 to Q5
Crown level has to be at Q2 which is 92.125m
Now the invert level of pipe Q2 to Q5 is given below:
Length of pipe 1500 meter
Gradient 0.0016 m/m
𝐹𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑖𝑝𝑒 = 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ ∗ 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡
= 1500 ∗ 0.0016 = 2.4𝑚
Now invert level of pipe Q2-Q5 at Q2 is
𝐼𝑛𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑡 𝑙𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑙 = 92.125 − 0.75 = 91.375𝑚
Now invert level of pipe Q2-Q5 at Q5 is
𝐼𝑛𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑡 𝑙𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑙 = 91.375 − 2.4 = 88.975𝑚
Crown level of pipe Q2-Q5 at Q5 is:
𝐶𝑟𝑜𝑤𝑛 𝑙𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑙 = 𝐼𝑛𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑡 𝑙𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑙 + 𝑝𝑖𝑝𝑒 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟
= 88.975 + 0.75
𝐶𝑟𝑤𝑜𝑛 𝑙𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑙 = 89.725𝑚
For Q4 to Q5
Now the invert level of pipe Q4 to Q5 is given below:
Length of pipe 1682 meter
Gradient 0.0155 m/m
Now finding the rise of pipe Q5 to Q4:
𝑅𝑖𝑠𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑖𝑝𝑒 = 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ ∗ 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡
= 1682 ∗ 0.0155 = 26.071𝑚
Crown level of the pipe has to be the same as Q2-
Q5 at Q5 which is 89.725m
Now invert level of pipe Q4-Q5 at Q5 is
𝐼𝑛𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑡 𝑙𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑙 = 89.725 − 0.35 = 89.375𝑚
Invert level of pipe Q4-Q5 at Q4 is:
𝐼𝑛𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑡 𝑙𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑙 𝑄4 = 89.375 + 26.071
= 115.446𝑚
This value is higher than the ground level so we will have to adjust this value for ground level.

For Q4 to Q5 (Adjusted)
Now the invert level of pipe Q4 to Q5 is given below:
Length of pipe 1682 meter
Gradient 0.007 m/m
Now finding the rise of pipe Q5 to Q4:
𝑅𝑖𝑠𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑖𝑝𝑒 = 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ ∗ 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡
= 1682 ∗ 0.007 = 11.774𝑚
Crown level of the pipe has to be the same as Q2-
Q5 at Q5 which is 89.725m
Now invert level of pipe Q4-Q5 at Q5 is
𝐼𝑛𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑡 𝑙𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑙 = 89.725 − 0.4 = 89.325𝑚
Invert level of pipe Q4-Q5 at Q4 is:
𝐼𝑛𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑡 𝑙𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑙 𝑄4 = 89.325 + 11.774
= 101.099𝑚
For Q6 to Q5
Now the invert level of pipe Q6 to Q5 is given below:
Length of pipe 505 meter
Gradient 0.0026 m/m
Now finding the rise of pipe Q5 to Q6:
𝑅𝑖𝑠𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑖𝑝𝑒 = 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ ∗ 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡
= 505 ∗ 0.0026 = 1.313𝑚
Crown level of the pipe has to be the same as Q2-Q5
at Q5 which is 89.725m
Now invert level of pipe Q6-Q5 at Q5 is
𝐼𝑛𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑡 𝑙𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑙 = 89.725 − 0.7 = 89.025𝑚
Invert level of pipe Q4-Q5 at Q4 is:
𝐼𝑛𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑡 𝑙𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑙 𝑄6 = 89.025 + 1.313 = 90.338𝑚

For Q5 to Q7
Crown level has to be at Q5 which is 89.735m
Now the invert level of pipe Q2 to Q5 is given below:
Length of pipe 750 meter
Gradient 0.00075 m/m
𝐹𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑖𝑝𝑒 = 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ ∗ 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡
= 750 ∗ 0.00075 = 0.5626𝑚
Now invert level of pipe Q5-Q7 at Q5 is
𝐼𝑛𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑡 𝑙𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑙 = 89.375 − 1.2 = 88.175𝑚
Now invert level of pipe Q5-Q7 at Q7 is
𝐼𝑛𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑡 𝑙𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑙 = 88.175 − 0.5626 = 87.6125𝑚
Crown level of pipe Q5-Q7 at Q7 is:
𝐶𝑟𝑜𝑤𝑛 𝑙𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑙 = 𝐼𝑛𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑡 𝑙𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑙 + 𝑝𝑖𝑝𝑒 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟
= 87.6125 + 1.2
𝐶𝑟𝑤𝑜𝑛 𝑙𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑙 = 88.8125𝑚
Table A.2
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Q6 Q7

Invert 100 91.375 97.945 101.099 88.175 90.338 87.6125

level
(lowest)
mRL
Depth of 5 13.625 7.055 3.901 16.825 14.662 17.3875
excavation
needed
(m)

First of all the diameters are taken as per flow rates, higher flow rate has the higher diameter. Then
the nomograph readings are taken for each pipe segment and the invert levels are found. In pipe
Q4 to Q5 the invert level of Q4 becomes higher than the ground level which is adjusted then by
increasing the diameter of the pipe.