Introduction to IT

Instructor: Syed Muhammad Usman

Softwares
• Tools for Productivity and Creativitiy
Types of Software
• System Software
• Application Software
System Softwares
Application Software
• Application software is software that has been developed to solve a
particular problem for users—to perform useful work on specific tasks
or to provide entertainment.
System Software
• System software enables the application software to interact with the
computer and helps the computer manage its internal and external
resources.
• There are three components of system softwares:
• Operating System
• Device Drivers
• Utility Programs
Operating Systems
• An operating system is the principal component of system software in
any computing system.

• Examples???
Utility Programs
• Utility programs are generally used to support, enhance, or expand
existing programs in a computer system.

• Examples???
Operating System
• The operating system (OS), also called the software platform, consists
of the low-level, master system of programs that manage the basic
operations of the computer.
• OS provides Resource Management Services
Operating System (Cont.)
• OS handles:
• Control and Use of Hardware
• Resources, including disk space, memory, CPU time allocation, and Peripheral
• devices.
• Different operating systems are mutually incompatible
What Operating System Do?
• Booting
• CPU management
• File management
• Task management
• Security Management
Booting
• Booting is the process of loading an operating system into a
computer’s main memory.
Cold Boots Vs Warm Boots
• When you power up a computer by turning on the power “on” switch,
this is called a cold boot.
• If your computer is already on and you restart it, this is called a warm
boot or a warm start.
Boot Disk
• Hard Disk
• Universal Serial Bus (USB)
• Compact Disk (CD)
CPU Management
• How does CPU management work?
• Supervisor or kernel manages CPU
Memory Management
• The operating system also manages memory—it keeps track of the
locations within main memory where the programs and data are
stored.
Queues, Buffers
• Programs and data that are to be executed or processed wait on disk
in queues
• What are Queues?
• FIFO
• What are Buffers?
• Disk Area where program or data waits
• Spooling?
• Print jobs are spooled that is, placed—into a buffer, where they wait in a
queue to be printed.
Spools?

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File Management
• A file is (1) a named collection of data (data file), or (2) a program
(program file) that exists in a computer’s secondary storage, such as a
hard disk or CD/DVD.
Task Management
• A computer is required to perform many different tasks at once
(multitasking).
• Task Manager
Security Management
• User Logins
• Passwords
Device Drivers
• Device drivers are specialized software programs that allow input and
output devices to communicate with the rest of the computer system.
• Running Peripherals
Utilities: Service Programs
• Utility programs, also known as service programs, perform tasks
related to the control and allocation of computer resources.
• Examples???
• Antivirus
• Antivirus Examples???
• Norton
• Avast
Utility Programs
• Back Up
• Data Recovery
• Virus Protection
• Data Compression
• File Defragmentation
• Disk Scanner
Common User Interface
• Keyboard Interface
• Mouse Interface
• Graphical User Interface
Common Operating Systems

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:
Embedded Operating Systems

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Application Software

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What are the various ways I can obtain software?
• Commercial Software
• Public Domain Software
• Shareware Software
• Freeware Software
• Rental –Online Software
• Pirated Software
• Abandonware Software
• Custom Software
Application Softwares
• Productivity software —such as word processing programs,
spreadsheets, and database managers—whose purpose is to make
users more productive at particular tasks.
WORD PROCESSING
• Word processing software allows you to use computers to create,
edit, format, print and store text material

• Examples???
SPREADSHEETS
• The spreadsheet allows users to create tables and financial schedules
by entering data and formulas into rows and columns arranged as a
grid on a display screen.
DATABASE SOFTWARE
• Database is a collection of interrelated files in a computer system.
• Database software is a program that sets up and controls the
structure of a database and access to the data.
The Benefits of Database Software
• Integration
• Integrity
Financial Software
• Financial software is a growing category that ranges from personal-
finance managers to entry-level accounting programs to business
financial-management packages.
• Personal finance managers let you keep track of income and
expenses, write checks, do online banking, and plan financial goals.
Portable Document Format (PDF)
• Portable Document Format, PDF is a file format developed by Adobe
Systems. PDF captures text, graphic, and formatting information from
a variety of applications on different platforms making it possible to
send documents and have them appear on the recipient’s monitor (or
printer) as they were intended to be viewed.
Computer-Aided Design
• Computer-aided design (CAD) programs are intended for the design
of products, structures, civil engineering drawings, and maps.
Reading Assignment
• Chapter#3 from TextBook