Q) “Integral Comtrof oF Sogle Area Network. The inkeqral corhol é< composed fa teqeency Grr ancl an inkgrater the hogusncy seror measures +t he signal ts fed in ty the Thegutney error af and “this ervar oy the forkqrectar. The iopub to the inkqrertw is called “Area conhrol error (ACE = Af) “The ACE cic tty change ‘9 area of treguuney tohich tohich raed in an tokeqral conrol loop. treey Hee skeady ~ skate —teguancy error to 2010 -HCe takegrathn pre: dues 4 real - power cornrrand siqral ape and te Given = —k (nce) ct changer. cousins “MWe siqral at ic eal fp - speed ~ tent, dobick Hy move, Here &, ic cated Hs inkegrai pin eo conhols ~Rur rate of inkgraion. ~The ~frequuneyt seo! and He integratur are conreckd in tte syskm aya closed combo} trop ay shown! foto: tae SF)—Feom ~ts “figure > spered reqestaahion tud back peuameky, © Pts), As), OTE) ~Tacrernental changer in the qereration system load 9 Segueney reipechly- : “The =ve sigo In Hey inkegraal conhrolter * tn producing a recatie (or deciear -eommard te a HE chreguercy error. ee k ie sie a conf “te rake ot inkgrarhey thus tea spud of teu -rerpone oF Fly ceahol boop - ~The tnkorctey is an cleckonte integraltr of tla same a. a wed 9 ara loy compules, “in view of handevone » we 040 igo etlanel = T= prevence of G0 feqeertou by carsiclening -the ack volkage ach ribuked fy ty cperel changers of, individual geneoter MONE that ponticipak én supplernenta ro eS area. “Thee rokms “fur ct a tak of © Pp tact voltage and continue fo stun until Ttry are Anven +o zero. cHalyele i= The —folto evir +o obrtain a simple analytic, 3 -The time constant of thr spetel.~ governor mechanic ¥eq and thet of ~he tarbire T iy ave eboth neglected ie tion -conbo} cotth ropernal to toe, 4 cusurptiong are mode in crdiy Teg = TW =o - The spetel change is an elecko matanical device s hnce its respon is not instanteme cur. “However, if te canumed | be initankancour to fee prereok and pau.“AIL npn linearitées. iq “Hi eguipment, such as dead! zone ete are neqectd. *% The operator can change itl gene ration 6% a ie ci il is commanded by wthe spetcl chant loplos bantam ot 40c OPCs Et ar) 5 Poa) = Po From thy block ciagrar Be eK. are oe [e . of aa are 4 ik] pe, ik | pee) = oP): 9 R fe Sig )hO oT) “Gl 4 k " 4 - Ty. Pq ]Can@- & Pycs ) igs — AP, Cs) + — tt ST ps Esiitechidu te Pacey in above ezuction we get epee be RO sty) Crest) [sees STs) Cit STap)CHHSTE JR Pe a)