Isotope Practice Worksheet

1. Here are three isotopes of an element: 6

12
C 6
13
C 6
14
C
a. The element is: Carbon
b. The number 6 refers to the atomic number
c. The numbers 12, 13, and 14 refer to the mass number
d. How many protons and neutrons are in the first isotope? 12
e. How many protons and neutrons are in the second isotope? 13
f. How many protons and neutrons are in the third isotope? 14

2. Complete the following table:

atomic mass No of No of No of
Isotope name no no protons neutrons electrons

uranium-235 92 235 92 143 92

uranium-238 92 238 92 146 92

boron-10 5 10 5 5 5

boron-11 5 11 5 6 5

3. Chlorine consists of two isotopes with masses of 35 (abundance 75%) and 37 (abundance
of 25%). Calculate the relative atomic mass of strontium.

35.5

4. Naturally occurring boron (B) consists of two isotopes with a mass of 10 and 11. Boron-10
has an abundance of 18.7% and boron-11 has an abundance of 81.3%. What is the
relative atomic mass of Boron?

10.813
 Deducing Ionic Formula
You need to learn or be able to deduce the formula of the following ions. This list is not
comprehensive but covers most of the common ions that you will come across in A Level
chemistry.

H+ Li+ K+ Na+
hydrogen lithium potassium sodium

Cu+ Ag+ NH4+ Ca2+

copper(I) silver ammonium calcium

Fe2+ Cu2+ Mg2+ Ni2+

iron(II) copper(II) magnesium nickel(II)

Sr2+ Zn2+ Sn2+ Pb2+

strontium zinc tin(II) lead(II)

Ba2+ Fe3+ Al3+ Cr3+

barium iron(III) aluminium Chromium(III)

F- Cl- Br- I-
fluoride chloride bromide iodide

HO- NO2- NO3- HCO3-

hydroxide nitrite nitrate hydrogencarbonate

O2- CO32- SO42- HSO4-

oxide carbonate sulfate hydrogensulfate

S2- N3- PO43+

sulphide nitride phosphate

Use the ions given above to work out the formulae of the following ionic compounds. Remember,
the compound must have a net neutral charge, i.e. it must have as many positive charges as
negative.

Sodium nitrate NaNO3 Iron (III) chloride FeCl3 Magnesium sulphate MgSO4

Aluminium oxide Al2O3 Calcium nitrate Ca(NO3)2 Potassium hydroxide KOH

Copper (II) chloride CuCl2 Sodium oxide Na2O Aluminium phosphate AlPO4

Potassium sulphate K2SO4 Calcium hydroxide Ca(OH)2 Magnesium carbonate MgCO3

Sodium hydrogen carbonate NaHCO3 Barium hydroxide Ba(OH)2 Chromium (III) oxide Cr2O3
 Balancing Chemical Equations – Answer Key

Balance the equations below:

1) 1 N2 + 3 H2 → 2 NH3

2) 2 KClO3 → 2 KCl + 3 O2

3) 2 NaCl + 1 F2 → 2 NaF + 1 Cl2

4) 2 H2 + 1 O2 → 2 H2O

5) 1 Pb(OH)2 + 2 HCl → 2 H2O + 1 PbCl2

6) 2 AlBr3 + 3 K2SO4 → 6 KBr + 1 Al2(SO4)3

7) 1 CH4 + 2 O2 → 1 CO2 + 2 H2O

8) 1 C3H8 + 5 O2 → 3 CO2 + 4 H2O

9) 2 C8H18 + 25 O2 → 16 CO2 + 18 H2O

10) 1 FeCl3 + 3 NaOH → 1 Fe(OH)3 + 3 NaCl

11) 4 P + 5 O2 → 2 P2O5

12) 2 Na + 2 H2O → 2 NaOH + 1 H2

13) 2 Ag2O → 4 Ag + 1 O2

14) 1 S8 + 12 O2 → 8 SO3

15) 6 CO2 + 6 H2O → 1 C6H12O6 + 6 O2

16) 1 K + 1 MgBr → 1 KBr + 1 Mg

17) 2 HCl + 1 CaCO3 → 1 CaCl2 + 1 H2O + 1 CO2

18) 1 HNO3 + 1 NaHCO3 → 1 NaNO3 + 1 H2O + 1 CO2

19) 2 H2O + 1 O2 → 2 H2O2

20) 2 NaBr + 1 CaF2 → 2 NaF + 1 CaBr2

21) 1 H2SO4 + 2 NaNO2 → 2 HNO2 + 1 Na2SO4

 Worksheet: Writing Equations

Write equations for the following reactions:

1) The reaction of ammonia with iodine to form nitrogen triiodide (NI 3) and hydrogen
gas.
3 NH3 + 3 I2 → 2 NI3 + 3 H2

2) The combustion of propane (C3H8).

C3H8 + 5 O2 → 3 CO2 + 4 H2O

3) The incomplete combustion of propane to form CO and water.

2 C3H8 + 7 O2 → 6 CO + 8 H2O

4) The reaction of nitric acid with potassium hydroxide.

HNO3 + KOH → KNO3 + H2O

5) The reaction of copper (II) oxide with hydrogen to form copper metal and water.
CuO + H2 → Cu + H2O

6) The reaction of iron metal with oxygen to form iron (III) oxide.
4 Fe + 3 O2 → 2 Fe2O3

7) The complete combustion of 2,2-dimethylpropane (C4H10) in oxygen.

2 C4H10 + 13 O2 → 8 CO2 + 10 H2O

8) The reaction of AlBr3 with Mg(OH)2

2 AlBr3 + 3 Mg(OH)2 → 2 Al(OH)3 + 3 MgBr2

9) The decomposition of hydrogen peroxide to form water and oxygen.

2 H2O2 → 2 H2O + O2

10) The reaction of ammonia with sulfuric acid.

2 NH3 + H2SO4 → (NH4)2SO4
Use the following examples to help answer the questions below:
Example 1: How many atoms in 3 moles of sulfur? (Given: 1 mole sulfur = 6.02 x 10 23 S atoms)

3 moles S 6.02 x 10 23 S atoms

Answer:  = 1.81  10 24 S atoms
1 1 mole S

Example 2: How many grams in 3 moles of sulfur? (Given: 1 mole sulfur = 32.00 g S)

3 moles S 32 grams S
Answer:  = 96 grams S
1 1 mole S

Example 3: How many moles in 5.98 x 1025 S atoms? (Given: 1 mole S = 6.02 x 1023 S atoms)

5.98 x 10 25 S atoms 1 mole S

Answer:  = 99 .3 moles S
1 6.02 x 10 23 S atoms

Practise Questions:
Complete the following problems. Show your work, and be sure to use proper
significant figures and standard form in your answers.

1. How many atoms are in 5 moles sulfur?

30.11 x 1023 atoms

2. How many atoms are in 8 moles carbon?

48.176 x 1023 atoms

3. What is the mass of 5 moles of sulphur?

160 g

4. What is the mass of 8 moles of carbon?

96 g

5. How many moles of sulfur are in 2.45 x 1019 S atoms?

4.07 x 10-5 moles

6. How many moles of carbon are in 5.22 x 1026 C atoms?

866.82 moles or 8.67 x 102 moles

 Moles Worksheet (Solutions)

1) Define “mole”.
6.02 x 1023 of anything, usually atoms or molecules.

2) How many moles are present in 34 grams of Cu(OH)2?

0.35 moles

3) How many moles are present in 2.45 x 1023 molecules of CH4?

0.41 moles

4) How many grams are there in 3.4 x 1024 molecules of NH3?

96 grams

5) How much does 4.2 moles of Ca(NO3)2 weigh?

689 grams

6) What is the molar mass of MgO?

40.3 grams/mole

7) How are the terms “molar mass” and “atomic mass” different from one another?
“Molar mass” is used to describe the mass of one mole of a chemical compound,
while “atomic mass” is used to describe the mass of one mole of an element or the
mass of one atom of an element.

8) Which is a better unit for expressing molar mass, “amu” or “grams/mole”?

“Grams/mole” is better, because any macroscopic amount of a substance is better
expressed in grams than amu.
 Grams/Moles Calculations – Answer Key
Given the following, find the number of moles:

1) 30 grams of H3PO4 0.31 moles

2) 25 grams of HF 1.25 moles

3) 110 grams of NaHCO3 1.31 moles

4) 1.1 grams of FeCl3 0.0068 moles

5) 987 grams of Ra(OH)2 3.80 moles

6) 564 grams of copper 8.81 moles

7) 12.3 grams of CO2 0.28 moles

8) 89 grams of Pb(CH3COO)4 0.20 moles

Given the following, find the number of grams:

9) 4 moles of Cu(CN)2 462 grams

10) 5.6 moles of C6H6 436.8 grams

11) 21.3 moles of BaCO3 4202.5 grams

12) 1.2 moles of (NH4)3PO3 159.6 grams

13) 9.3 x 10-3 moles of SmO 1.5 grams

14) 6.6 moles of ZnO 537.2 grams

15) 5.4 moles of K2SO4 941.2 grams

16) 88.4 moles of NI3 34679.3 grams

 Mole Calculation Worksheet – Answer Key

1) How many moles are in 15 grams of lithium? 0.46 moles

2) How many grams are in 2.4 moles of sulfur? 77.0 grams

3) How many moles are in 22 grams of argon? 0.55 moles

4) How many grams are in 88.1 moles of magnesium? 2141 grams

5) How many moles are in 2.3 grams of phosphorus? 0.074 moles

6) How many grams are in 11.9 moles of chromium? 618.8 grams

7) How many moles are in 9.8 grams of calcium? 0.24 moles

8) How many grams are in 238 moles of arsenic? 17,826 grams

What are the molecular weights of the following compounds?

9) NaOH 40.1 grams 12) H3PO4 98.0 grams

10) H2O 18.0 grams 13) Mn2Se7 663.0 grams

11) MgCl2 95.3 grams 14) (NH4)2SO4 132.1 grams

Find the percentage of the named substances in each of the following examples:
a) carbon in propane, C3H6
81.8%

b) water in magnesium sulphate crystals, MgSO4.7H2O

51.2%

c) nitrogen, hydrogen and oxygen in ammonium nitrate, NH4NO3

N 35%, H 5%, O 60%

Now try these. They are a little tougher, but not impossible!
1) Haemoglobin contains 0.33% by mass of iron. There are 2 Fe atoms in 1 molecule of
haemoglobin. What is the relative molecular mass of haemoglobin?
34 000

2) An adult’s bones weigh about 11kg, and 50% of this mass is calcium phosphate, Ca3(PO4)2.
What is the mass of phosphorus in the bones of an average adult?

1.1 kg
 Percent, Actual, and Theoretical Yield SOLUTION KEY
1) LiOH + KCl → LiCl + KOH

a) I began this reaction with 20 grams of lithium hydroxide. What is my theoretical yield
of lithium chloride? 35.5 grams

b) I actually produced 6 grams of lithium chloride. What is my percent yield? 16.9%

2) C3H8 + 5 O2 → 3 CO2 + 4 H2O

a) If I start with 5 grams of C3H8, what is my theoretical yield of water? 8.2 grams

b) I got a percent yield of 75% How many grams of water did I make? 6.1 grams

3) Be + 2 HCl → BeCl2 + H2

My theoretical yield of beryllium chloride was 10.7 grams. If my actual yield was 4.5
grams, what was my percent yield? 42.1 %

4) 2 NaCl + CaO → CaCl2 + Na2O

What is my theoretical yield of sodium oxide if I start with 20 grams of calcium oxide?
22.1 grams

5) FeBr2 + 2 KCl → FeCl2 + 2 KBr

a) What is my theoretical yield of iron (II) chloride if I start with 34 grams of iron (II)
bromide? 20.0 grams of FeCl2

b) What is my percent yield of iron (II) chloride if my actual yield is 4 grams? 20 %

6) TiS + H2O → H2S + TiO

What is my percent yield of titanium (II) oxide if I start with 20 grams of titanium (II)
sulfide and my actual yield of titanium (II) oxide is 22 grams?

137.5 % (theoretical yield is 16.0 grams – students should recognize that this is a trick
question, designed to see if they know that 100% is the highest yield possible)

7) A student had to produce some magnesium sulphate crystals, MgSO 4.7H2O. He reacted
1.20g magnesium with a slight excess of sulphuric acid to give magnesium sulphate
solution, and then evaporated off about ¾ of the liquid before leaving it to crystallise. He
separated the crystals from the remaining liquid, dried them and weighed them. 9.84g of
crystals had been produced. Calculate the percentage yield.

Making the solution: Mg + H2SO4 → MgSO4 + H2

Crystallising the solution: MgSO4 + 7H2O → MgSO4.7H2O 80%

8) A teacher demonstrated the formation of silicon tetrachloride, SiCl4, by passing dry chlorine
over 1.0g of heated silicon powder until all of the silicon had reacted. She collected the
liquid chloride produced and then purified it by distillation. At the end of the preparation
she had 3.5cm3 of silicon tetrachloride. Calculate her percentage yield. Density of SiCl4(l) =
1.48 g cm-3

Si(s) + 2Cl2(g) → SiCl4(l) 85%

 Problems on Empirical Formulae
1). Given that 127g of copper combine with 32g oxygen, what is the formula of copper oxide?

CuO

2). The percentage by mass composition of X is: C 54.5%, H 9.10%, O 36.4%. Find the
empirical formula of X.

C2H4O

3). Calculate the empirical formula when 0.72g magnesium combine with 0.28g of nitrogen.

Mg3N2

4). Calculate the empirical formula when 1.68g of iron combine with 0.64g oxygen.

Fe3O4

5). Calculate the empirical formula of the compound formed when 2.70g of aluminium form
5.10g of its oxide.
Al2O3

6). An organic compound contains C 66.7%, H 11.1%, Cl 22.2% by mass. Its relative
formula mass is 72. Calculate the empirical formula and the molecular formula of the
compound.

Empirical formula: C4H8O

Molecular formula: C4H8O

7). Tin reacts with iodine in an organic solvent to form a covalent compound SnI x. When
0.4650g of tin (an excess) was used all the iodine reacted. A mass 0.1230g of unreacted
tin and 1.8020g of SnIx were obtained. Find the value of x.

x=4

8). A student took 2 exactly equal volumes of calcium iodide solution. To one, she added an
excess of silver nitrate solution which precipitated all the iodine out as 9.40g of silver
iodide, AgI. To the second volume she added an excess of sodium carbonate which
precipitated all the calcium out as 2.00g of calcium carbonate, CaCO3. Confirm that the
formula of calcium iodide is CaI2.