United States Patent (19) [11] 3,911,240

Henderson et al. (45) Oct. 7, 1975

54) DUAL SPRING LOAD BREAK SWITCH

75 Inventors: Louis S. Henderson, Lafayette Hill; Primary Examiner-Robert K. Schaefer
Assistant Examiner-William J. Smith
Gustav E. Lachman, Levittown, Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Synnestvedt & Lechner
both of Pa.
(73) Assignee: Pringle Electrical Manufacturing 57 ABSTRACT
Company, Fort Washington, Pa.
A load break switch having two independent energy
(22 Filed: Jan. 18, 1974 storing spring drives, one for opening the switch, and
(21) Appl. No.: 434,478 one for closing the switch, is disclosed. Movement of a
loading arm in one direction drives an opening cam to
load one spring drive for opening the switch. Move
52) U.S. C. ............................. 200/153 SC; 335/76 ment of the loading arm in a second direction drives a
(51 Int. C.’.......................... is . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HO1H 3/30
(58) Field of Search............ 200/153 SC, 154, 67 A,
closing cam that loads a second spring drive which
200/67 B; 335/76, 190, 193, 171
closes the open switch. A linear induction motor or
hand lever drives the loading arm. A solenoid
56 References Cited
operated or manually operated trigger controls un
latching of the switch opening drive. The solenoid is
UNITED STATES PATENTS controlled by a circuit for detecting the occurrence of
3,55,627 l2/1970 Bordak.......................... 200/153 SC hazardous electrical conditions.
3,772,489 11973 Wilson....... 200/153 SC X
3,81 1,022 5/1974 Guidosh.................... 200/153 SC X 13 Claims, 12 Drawing Figures

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U.S. Patent Oct. 7, 1975 Sheet 1 of 8 3,911,240

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U.S. Patent Oct. 7, 1975 Sheet 8 of 8 3,911,240
 3,911,240
DUAL SPRING LOAD BREAK SWITCH
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to load break switches, and
particularly to load break switches which are adapted
to be opened by an actuating mechanism in response to
the detection of various hazardous electrical condi
tions.
2. Description of the Environment of the Invention
and the Prior Art
Load break switches are frequently used as service
entrance equipment for facilities housing operations
having high electrical energy requirements. These
Switches are placed across incoming power lines to
control the supply of electrical power to a building, to
Various parts of the building, or to particular equip
ment. Typically, the switches are used in applications
having load currents on the order of 400-6000 am
peres. Because of the high service loads which must be
carried by these switches, it is necessary to construct
components of the switch, such as the switch blades,
from relatively large, heavy parts. Also, to minimize the
resistance between the blades and fixed contacts of the
switch, these parts are usually engaged under high pres
sures, such as are developed in the bolted contact type
of switch which is commonly used in these applications.
Because the switch blades are heavy and are held in en
gagement with the stationary contacts under high pres
sure, and because most switches have several blades
sets, usually three or more with generally two or four
blades per set, the mechanical forces necessary to open
and close the switches are substantial.
Load break switches are equipped with actuating sys
tems which are responsive to the detection of various 35
undesirable events, such as the occurrence of a ground
fault, phase loss, or blown fuses, etc., so that the incom
ing power can be cut off by the switch when one of
these conditions occurs. Because of the high load cur 40
rents that are carried by these switches, the contacts
must open and close rapidly to minimize arcing and
thereby avoid pitting and deterioration of the switch
contacts. Because the movable switch blades are rela
tively heavy, it is necessary to employ powerful actuat
ing mechanisms to open these switches quickly. Also,
the actuating mechanisms must have a very high degree
of reliability because of the extensive damage which
can result if the switch fails to operate. In this regard,
it should be noted that these switches, in normal cir
cumstances, are called upon to operate very infre
quently, so that a switch may remain closed for several
years at a time. It is therefore important that the actuat
ing mechanism be capable of withstanding the effects
of prolonged inactivity.
It should also be realized that the actuating mecha
nism for the switch must be capable of opening the
switch even under conditions of significantly reduced
voltage, for example, as sometimes occurs when there
is a ground fault. Standards set by testing laboratories
for this equipment require that the actuating mecha
nism be capable of opening the switch under conditions
in which only 55% of normal voltage is available. Thus,
actuating mechanisms utilizing electric motors to open
the switch are undesirable, as these motors will barely
operate under such reduced voltage conditions. For
this reason, designs utilizing springs or similar energy
storing devices, for storing sufficient power to open the
2
switch, have been proposed. While in some designs, a
manually actuable lever, is provided for loading the en
ergy-storing springs in the actuating mechanism, for
larger switches, the amount of force required to com
press the springs is great, and it has become necessary
to employ rotary motors with gear reducers to load the
actuating system. A result of the use of such drive sys
tems has been that the ease of emergency manual oper
ation of the switch is reduced, because the drive system
10
must somehow be disengaged before manual operation
can be accomplished.
In addition, such load break switches may be placed
where access is difficult and actuation from a position
remote from the switch is desirable. Further, in some
5
designs employing manually rotated levers for energiz
ing an actuating spring, the operation of the actuating
mechanism to open the switch also causes the hand
lever to be swung rather sharply with the full impetus
of the spring behind it. This can result in serious physi
20
cal injury to persons who are close to the switch when
it is opened by the detection of a fault.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
25 According to the invention herein disclosed, the ac
tuating mechanism of a load break switch includes at
least two energy-storing elements operating through
cams to open and close the switch. One of the energy
storing elements is loaded and held in compressed con
30 dition to supply energy for opening the switch. The
other energy-storing element is loaded and then al
lowed to release its energy during the actuation cycle
to close the switch. The force necessary to load the en
ergy-storing members may be derived from a linear in
duction motor. When the motor moves in one direc
tion, one of the energy-storing members is loaded.
When the motor moves in an opposite direction to re
turn to its starting position, the other energy-storing
member is loaded. Alternately, the force necessary to
load the energy-storing members may be derived from
a hand lever. The switch is opened either manually or
electrically by a trip system, which releases a cam to
allow the energy-storing member to open the switch
45 through an appropriate linkage.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a front elevation view of a three-pole load
break switch, employing an actuating mechanism in ac
50 cordance with the invention herein disclosed, the
switch being in closed position.
FIG. 2 is an end view of the switch shown in FIG. 1.
FIG. 3 is a front elevational view of a preferred form
of switch actuating mechanism showing the position of
55
various parts when the switch is open.
FIG. 4 is a plan view of the switch actuating mecha
nism shown in FIG. 3.
FIG. 5 is an enlarged front elevational view of the
60
Switch actuating mechanism showing the position of
the parts when the mechanism has undergone a first
part of its cycle.
FIG. 6 is an enlarged front elevational view of the ac
tuating mechanism showing the position of some of the
parts just prior to completion of a full cycle.
FIG. 7 is a front elevational view of the switch actuat
ing mechanism showing the position of the parts at
completion of the cycle, the switch having been closed.
 3,911,240
3 4
FIG. 7A is a fragmentary view showing the position ment an be made adjustable, for example, by means of
of certain parts shown in FIG. 7 in another operating shims 30. A switch lug 81 is adjustably mounted on end
position. plate 25a, for example, by means of adjusting screw 65.
FIG. 8 is a fragmentary view of the spring loader and The screw 65 and switch lug 81 are positioned to en
associated parts, the view being taken along line 8-8 of 5 gage switch actuators 75c and 85c'. Switch actuator 75c
FIG. 9. controls contacts 75a and 75b of double pole double
FIG. 9 is a partial plan view of some of the cam and throw switch 75 and the switch actuator 82c controls
latching structure. contacts 82a and 82b of double pole double throw
FIG. 10 is a sectional view of the operating lever and switch 82 (FIG. 10). The limit switch actuators 75c and
associate parts taken along line 10-10 of FIG. 7. l() 82c control movement of the members 26 along the
FIG. 1 1 is a schematic drawing of the control and core rods 28 in a manner which will hereinafter be de
drive circuitry for the induction motors. scribed in more detail.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED Referring to FIG. 1, the drive system D is linked to
EMBODIMENT the actuating mechanism A through a link 44, which is
15 pivotally attached at one end to a bracket 45 on end
Referring to FIGS. 1 and 2, there is shown a pre plate 25, and which is pivotally connected at its other
ferred embodiment of load break switch comprising a end, for instance, by means of a pin 43, to spring load
frame F and a switch assembly SW mounted on the ing arm 21 of the actuating mechanism A. The spring
frame. The switch SW is shown as a three-pole switch loading arm 21 is mounted on operating shaft 41, which
comprised of blades 33 pivotted at points 34 and mov 20 is rotatably mounted by means of bearings 46 to the
able in an arc into and out of engagement with station side plates 47 of the actuating mechanism housing 108,
ary tongues 35. The blades 33 are fixed to an electri as shown in FIG. 4. Thus it can be seen that movement
cally non-conductive crossbar 31 so that the blades 33 of the members 26.26 along cores 28,28 causes the
move conjointly. For purposes of the invention, the spring loading arm to move arcuately about the axis of
switch SW can be any movable blade type switch; how operating shaft 41, for reasons as will hereinafter be
ever, it is preferred that the switch SW be of the bolted more fully described. In the preferred embodiment,
contact type to ensure positive engagement of the and in embodiments employing a hand lever mounted
switch blades 33 with the tongues 35. on the end of shaft 41, the loading arm 21 is irrotatably
Also mounted on the frame F is a switch-actuating 30 fixed to the shaft 41, for example by slotting the arm 21
mechanism. A for opening and closing the switch SW. as shown in FIG. 1. Arm 21 has not been shown as slot
The actuating mechanism includes an operating lever ted in subsequent figures for purposes of clarity.
24, which is rotatably mounted on operating shaft 41 Referring to FIGS. 1 an 10, as heretofore noted, the
to swing in an arc between a position adjacent the operating lever 24 is rotatably mounted on the operat
switch SW as shown in FIG. 1, and a position spaced ing shaft 41. A tie bar 80 is mounted at one end on the
away from the switch SW as shown in FIG. 3. The oper operating lever 24 and at the other end on stub arm 36.
ating lever 24 carries at an outer end thereof a pin 24a. The stub arm 36 is also rotatably mounted on the oper
The pin 24a is linked to the crossbar 31 by a suitable ating shaft 41. Thus the entire unit comprised of the
universal-type swivel coupling 32. Thus it can be seen
that the operating lever 24, when it is positioned as 40 isstub arm 36, the tie bar 80, and the operating lever 24
rotatably mounted with respect to the operating shaft
shown in FIG. 1, causes the switch SW to be closed so 41. As shown in FIG. 10, the tie bar 80 has rotatably
that the switch blades 33 are engaged with the fixed mounted therein a closing latch pin 79, which has a flat
tonges 35, as shown in FIG. 2. When the operating 94 formed thereon, and which carries an actuating arm
lever 24 is pivoted to its second position, the blades 33 93. A biasing means, such as hair pin spring 105
move arcuately out of engagement with the fixed (shown in FIG. 6), biases the closing latch pin 79 so
tongues 35. The manner in which the operating lever that the flat 94 is normally positioned as shown in FIG.
24 is caused to move by the actuating mechanism A 7. The tie bar 80 also includes a beveled face 103 in
will be hereinafter described in more detail.
Suitable connections (not shown) are provided to which is mounted a compression pin 102, the function
of which will hereinafter be described.
connect power lines to the fixed tongues 35 and the 50 Turning to FIGS. 3 and 4, the actuating system for
pivoted blades 33 via the opposing fixed hinge tongues opening and closing the switch SW includes closing
3S(i.
Also mounted on the frame F is a drive system D for cam 22, and opening cam 23, which are both freely ro
loading the actuating mechanism A. In the preferred tatably mounted on the operating shaft 41. As shown
embodiment herein described, the drive system D in in FIG. 4, the closing cam 22 is disposed on one side of
cludes a pair of linear induction motors 20,20, each the spring loading arm 21, and the opening cam 23 is
comprised of a core rod 28 mounted between the sides disposed on the other side of the arm 21. An intermedi
of and extending across the frame F. Coil-carrying ate frame member or divider 58 is disposed in the hous
members 26.26 surround each of the core rods 28,28, ing 108. A longitudinally extending member 50 is rotat
and are movable therealong. The members 26.26 are ably mounted in the housing 108 by a suitable mount
interconnected at their ends by end plates 25,25a. The ing means such as a trunnion 53 which is carried be
end plates ride on guide bar 27, which is mounted on tween the divider 58 and one of the side plates 47. One
and extends across the frame F in the same manner as end of the member 50 is slidably received in the trun
core rods 28. Energization of coils carried in the mem nion 53, and the opposite end of the member 50 carries
bers 26.26 causes these members to move along core a clevis 52, which is mounted on the end of the member
rods 28,28 in a known manner. A stop element, for ex 50. An energy-storing means, for example, a compres
ample, sleeve 29, is mounted on the guide rod 27 for sion spring 51 or an aligned series of Belleville washers.
limiting movement of the members 26. The stop ele is mounted on and surrounds the member 50. The
 39 1,240
7 8
coil 121. A suitable holding circuit including the switch
82b and contacts 122 holds the coil 121 energized.
When the coil 121 is energized, the contacts 114, 115,
and 116 remain open and the contacts 123, 124, and
125 are closed. Therefore it can be seen that the power
supplied to the motors 20.20 in reversed phase from
that previously described, and therefore, the members
26.26 move in a reverse direction along the cores
28,28.
Movement of the members 26,26 in a reverse direc
tion causes the spring loading arm 21 to move clock
wise in an arc. Prior to this movement, however, the
surface 74 of the pawl 48 will have engaged the shoul
der 64 of the closing latch 62. It will be recalled that
closing latch 62 is mounted on closing cam 22 so that
rotation of the closing latch 62 causes the closing cam
22 to be rotated in a clockwise direction away from the
stop 60. As the closing cam 22 is rotated in a clockwise
direction, the clevis pin 37, acting through clevis 56,
slides member 54 through trunnion 57, thereby com
pressing spring 55. It should be noted that as the cam
22 is rotated in a clockwise direction, its tip 78 rides
past the flat surface 94 of the latch pin 79 carried by
the tie bar 80, as clearly shown in FIG. 7A.
When the arm 21 reaches the position shown in FIG.
6, the heel 75 of the pawl 48 engages the stop screw 77.
As the arm 21 continues to move, the bias of the spring
104 is overcome and the pawl 48 is rotated in a coun
ter-clockwise direction, thereby causing the surface 74
to release its engagement with the shoulder 64 of the
closing latch 62. When the cam 22 is thus released from
engagement with the arm 21, the cam is driven in a
counter-clockwise direction by the compressed spring
55 acting through clevis 56 and clevis pin 37. As this
occurs, the tip 78 of the cam 22 engages latch pin 79
and drives the tie bar 80 and the operating arm 24 in
a counter-clockwise arc to the position shown in FIG.
7, thereby causing arm 24, and associated linkage, to
close the switch SW. The closing cam comes to rest
with its upper tip 59 engaging the stop 60, and the
lower tip 78 engaging the latch pin 79 as shown in FIG.
7. Thus, at this point in the cycle, the switch SW is
closed and the opening cam 23 is latched and holds
springs 51 under compression.
When the members 26.26 return to the position
shown in FIG. 3, the contacts 82b are opened, thereby
dropping out the holding circuit for coil 121, and caus
ing contacts 123, 124, and 125 to open and terminate
the supply of power to the motors 20,20. An auxiliary
switch 126 is opened when the switch SW is closed, and
closed when the switch SW is opened, so that the actu
ating mechanism cannot be initiated until the switch
SW is open. Also, when the switch SW is closed, a limit
switch 130 is also closed to arm the opening circuit
containing the solenoid 83. The normally open
contacts 129 are closed upon the detection of an ap
propriate signal from a detection circuit (not shown)
which, when closed, causes power to be supplied to the
solenoid 83.
The switch SW is caused to open in the following
manner. In response to the generation of a signal from
a suitable detecting circuit (not shown), for example,
a ground fault detecting circuit, the solenoid 83 (FIG.
3) is energized, drawing armature 96 inwardly and
causing lever 84 to pivot, thereby moving link 85.
Movement of link 85 in turn causes lug 86 to rotate
latch pin 71 to position the flat surface 73 to release the
opening cam 23 from the latched position. When the
cam 23 is unlatched, the spring 51, operating through
the clevis 52 and the clevis pin 92, drives the opening
cam 23 in a clockwise direction. The opening cam 23
engages the compression pin 102 and the surface 103
of the tie bar 80 and drives the tie bar 80 and the oper
ating lever 24 in a clockwise direction. As the clevispin
92 moves, its head 91 engages arm 93, thereby causing
the latch pin 79 to be rotated against the bias of spring
O 105 to position the flat surface 94 as shown in FIG. 7A.
This allows the latch pin 79 to clear the tip. 78 of the
closing cam 22. Thus it can be seen that the latch pin
holds the switch SW in closed position until the open
ing cam is released. When the operating lever 24 is
15 moved in a clockwise direction, the blades 33 of the
switch SW are moved arcuately out of contact with
tongues 35 by the linkage comprised of the pin 24a, the
swivel joint32, and the crossbar 31. The purpose of the
compression pin 102 is to absorb a portion of the im
pact of the cam 23 against the surface 103 to cushion
the parts of the apparatus from undue shock. The com
pression pin 102 also acts as a means to eliminate the
recoil of the switch actuating mechanism when the
switch SW arrives at its fully open position.
25
Referring to FIGS. 3 and 4, the switch SW can also
be opened manually by means of a push-button 95. The
pushbutton engages a bell crank 97. One end of a link
98 is pivotally connected to the bell crank 97 and at the
30 other end is attached to the armature 96 of the solenoid
83, as for example, by nut 99. Movement of the push
button inwardly moves the armature 96 in the same di
rection as if the coil of the solenoid 83 was energized,
thereby unlatching the opening cam 22 in the manner
35 heretofore described.
Referring to FIG. 1, the housing 108 includes a trim
plate 106a. A safety switch 107 and fuse access door
are held in closed position by the plate 106a. When the
plate is removed, the switch 107 is opened, thereby dis
40 abling control circuit C (FIG. 11), so that the drive sys
tem D cannot be actuated when maintenance is being
performed on the switch. The switch 70 may be
mounted on the housing 108 as shown, or at a location
remote from the switch.
45 Overload relays 128 are provided in the control cir
cuit C and in lines 134 and 136 to protect the control
circuit and the motors 20,20 from burn-out in the event
that excessive current is supplied to the motors.
It can readily be seen that the switch as disclosed
50 above yields many advantages. Reliability of the switch
is enhanced by reason of the relative simplicity of the
actuating mechanism, by the use of two independent
energy-storing members, one for opening, and the
55
other for closing the switch, and also by reason of the
fact that the switch cannot be closed until after the en
ergy-storing member for opening the switch has been
charged and latched. ... .
In addition, the drive system is used only to load the
energy-storing members, and not to open or close the
switch contacts. Thus the switch is capable of opening
under conditions of reduced voltage, thereby fulfilling
required performance specifications. In addition, the
design lends itself to either manual or power actuation.
65 Also, the switch is compact, yet easy to maintain. Fur
ther, projecting handles or levers which can cause in
jury to bystanders when the switch is unexpectedly
opened, can be eliminated.
 3,911,240
9 10
As numerous changes may be made in the above de
scribed construction, and different embodiments of the
invention may be made without departing from the
spirit and scope thereof, it is intended that all matter
contained in the foregoing description or shown in the
accompanying drawings shall be interpreted as illustra
tive, and not in a limiting sense. When used in the
claims hereinafter, the term linear actuator means a
motor having a driven element to which is imparted
translational motion in a linear or non-linear path rela
tive to a fixed element of the motor.
We claim:
1. An actuating mechanism for a load break switch
having contacts movable into and out of engagement
comprising a frame, a loading member, means pivotally
mounting the loading member on the frame, an open
ing cam rotatably mounted on the frame, a first energy
storing member for storing energy in response to move
ment of the opening cam in a first direction, means co
active between the opening cam and the loading mem
ber for moving the opening cam in said first direction
in response to movement of the loading member in a
first direction, latch means for holding the first energy
storing member in an energy-storing condition, a clos
ing cam rotatably mounted on the frame, a second en
ergy-storing member in engagement with the closing
cam, releasable latch means coactive between the load
ing member and the closing cam for moving the closing
cam in a first direction in response to movement of the
loading member in a second direction, a switch
operating means rotatably mounted on the frame for
opening and closing the contacts of the switch, release
means for releasing the releasable latch means after the
closing can has actuated the second energy-storing
member to store energy therein, means carried by the
switch operating means for engaging the closing cam as
it is driven by the second energy-storing member means
for releasing the first-mentioned latch means, and
means carried by the operating means for engaging the
opening cam as it is driven by the first energy-storing
member.
2. An actuating system in accordance with claim 1
wherein the first and second energy-storing members
are springs.
3. An actuating mechanism in accordance with claim
1 which further comprises a motor means for driving
the loading member in the first and second directions.
4. An actuating mechanism in accordance with claim
3 wherein the motor means is an induction motor hav
ing a stationary core and a member movable along the
COe
5. An actuating mechanism for a load break Switch
having a switch element movable between opened and
closed positions comprising, a shaft, a Switch operating
means for opening and closing the switch element ro
tatably mounted on the shaft, a loading member
mounted for arcuate movement about the longitudinal
axis of the shaft, an opening cam freely rotatably
mounted on the shaft, a first energy-storing means in
engagement with the opening cam, a closing cam freely
rotatably mounted on the shaft, a second energy
storing means in engagement with the closing cam,
means responsive to movement of the loading means in
a first direction for rotating thc opening cam and
thereby loading the first energy-storing means, means
responsive to movement of the loading means in a Sec
ond direction to rotate the closing cam, thereby to load
the second energy-storing means, latch means for en
gaging the opening cam to hold the first energy-storing
means in energy-storing condition, means responsive to
continued movement of the loading means in the sec
ond direction for releasing the loading means from
driving engagement with the closing cam to allow the
closing cam to be driven by the second energy-storing
means in a direction opposite from that in which it was
driven by the loading means, trigger means for releas
() ing the latch means to allow the opening cam to be
driven by the first energy-storing means, means
mounted on the switch operating means for engaging
the opening cam and the closing cam whereby the
opening cam and the closing cam rotate the operating
means to switch opening and switch closing positions
respectively, and drive means for driving the loading
eaS.
6. An actuating mechanism in accordance with claim
5 wherein the drive means comprises a linear induction
motor and control means for causing the motor to
move in a first direction, and in a second direction re
verse from the first direction.
7. An actuating mechanism in accordance with claim
5 wherein the energy-storing members comprise
25 Springs and means to place the springs in energy-storing
condition.
8. The actuating mechanism in accordance with
claim 5 wherein the first energy-storing means when
released drives the opening cam in one direction, and
30
the second energy-storing means when released drives
the closing cam in an opposite direction.
9. An actuating mechanism in accordance with claim
5 wherein the engagement means carried by the operat
ing means includes a latch element for engaging the
35
switch opening cam when the operating means is in a
switch closing position, and means responsive to move
ment of the first energy-storing means for releasing said
latch means.
40 10. The actuating mechanism in accordance with
claim 5 wherein the means for driving the closing cam
comprises a rotatable pawl carried by the loading mem
ber, and means carried by the closing cam for engaging
the pawl.
45 1. An actuating mechanism in accordance with
claim 5 wherein the engagement means further in
cludes means for cushioning the impact of the opening
cam on the engagement means.
12. A load break switch comprising a switch element,
an actuating mechanism for opening and closing the
switch element, including first and second energy
storing means for opening and closing the switch ele
ment, loading means movable in first and second direc
tions, means responsive to movement of the loading
means in a first direction for loading one of the energy
storing means, means responsive to movement of the
loading means in a second direction for loading the
other of the energy-storing means, and drive means for
driving the loading means, the drive means comprising
60 a linear induction motor.
13. A switch as in claim 12 and further comprising
control means for controlling the induction motor in
cluding a first switch means engageable by the motor
causing the motor to move in the first direction, and a
65 second switch means for causing the motor to move in
the second direction.
:k k k :k k
 UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE
CERTIFICATE OF CORRECTION
PATENT NO. : 3,911, 240
DATED : December 5, 1975
INVENTOR(S) : Louis S. Henderson & Gustav E. Lachman
It is certified that error appears in the above-identified patent and that said Letters Patent
are hereby Corrected as shown below:

Column 4, line 1, change 'an to - - can - .

Column 4, 1ine 21, insert -- shaft- - after "which'.
Column 4, 1ine 33, change 'an' to -- and - - .
Column 6, 1ine 2, 'to'', first occurrence to -- in -- .
Column 6, 1ine 18, change "buttom' to - -button -- .
Column 7, 1ine 26, change '75' to -- 76 --.

Signed and Sealed this

second Day of March 1976
SEAL

RUTH C. MASON C. MARSHALL D ANN

At testing Officer Commissioner of Patents and Trademarks
 UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE
CERTIFICATE OF CORRECTION
PATENT NO. : 3,911, 240
DATED : December 5, 1975
INVENTOR(S) : Louis S. Henderson & Gustav E. Lachman
It is certified that error appears in the above-identified patent and that said Letters Patent
are hereby Corrected as shown below:

Column 4, line 1, change 'an to - - can -- .

Column 4, 1ine 21, insert -- shaft- - after "which'.
C Column 4, 1ine 33, change 'an' to -- and - - .
Column 6, line 2, 'to'', first occurrence to -- in -- .
Column 6, 1ine 18, change "buttom' to - -button - - .
Column 7, 1ine 26, change '75" to -- 76 -- .

O Signed and Sealed this

second D al y of March 1976
SEAL)

RUTH C. MASON - C. MARSHALL D ANN

At testing Officer Commissioner of Patents and Trademarks