Programme Name: BCS(HONS.

Course Code: CSC 2623

Course Name: Distributed and parallel computing

Assignment: 1st

Date of Submission: 2020/12/04

Submitted By: Submitted To:

Student Name: Sanjeev Gyawali Faculty Name: Manoj Gautam

IUKL ID: 041802900038 Department: BCS
Semester: 5th
Intake: September 2018
1. Explain Parallel Computing and Distributed Computing with neat
and clean diagram.
Parallel computing is a type of computing architecture in which several
processors simultaneously execute multiple, smaller calculations broken
down from an overall larger, complex problem.The primary goal of
parallel computing is to increase available computation power for faster
application processing and problem solving.

fig:-parallel computing

Distributed computing is a model in which components of a software

system are shared among multiple computers. Even though the
components are spread out across multiple computers, they are run as one
system. This is done in order to improve efficiency and performance.
Fig:-distributed computing

2. Write Four difference between Parallel Computing and

Distributed Computing with example.
Parallel computing Distributed computing
Parallel computing is a type of Distributed computing is a model in
computing architecture in which which components of a software
several processors simultaneously system are shared among multiple
execute multiple, smaller computers.
calculations broken down from an
overall larger, complex problem.
Occurs in single computer. Involves multiple computer.
Computer can have shared memory Each computer has its own
or distributed memory. computer.
Examples of parallel Examples of distributed
computing include weather systems vary from
forecasting, movie special effects, SOA-based systems to massively
and desktop computer applications. multiplayer online games to
peer-to-peer applications.

3. List five example of distributed system.

Following are example of distributed system:-
 Intranets, Internet, WWW, email.
 Telecommunication networks
 Network of branch office computers -Information system to handle
automatic processing of orders
 Real-time process control: Aircraft control systems
 Electronic banking

4. Define SMP. Draw a labelled diagram of SMP.

SMP (Symmetric multiprocessing) is a type of multiprocessing in which
all processors may be used at the same time. It is sometimes contrasted
with asymmetric multiprocessing, which delegates each processor to a
specific task.
The vast majority of computers with multiple processors (or processing
cores) support SMP. It is implemented at the operating system level,
which distributes computing tasks across two or more processors. Modern
OSes, such as Windows, macOS, and Unix have supported SMP.

Fig:SMP

5. List three implementation to achieve parallelism in modified von

Neumann machine.
Following the three implementation to achieve parallelism in modified
von Neumann machine.
 Caching
 Virtual Memory
 Low level parallelism.

6. List and explain three application areas of HPC.

Following are the three application areas of HPC:-
Biochemistry
 Protein-folding attempts to determine the overall shape of a protein
based on the sequence of amino acids; the effort may lead to better
understanding of biological processes, and new medicines.

 Protein-ligand interactions play a huge role in biological processes

and are common targets for medicine. Refining computational models
allows new medicines to be developed more efficiently.
Chemistry
 Materials research helps to identify new materials, such as
high-temperature superconductors, affordable electrodes for fuel cells,
efficient catalysts, new methods of energy storage, etc.
Physics
 Simulations of stars help astrophysicists interpret observations.