Problem 2

Membership Table - ( A ∩ B )' = A ' ∪ B '

A B A∩B ( A ∩ B)' A' B' A ' ∪B '

1 0 0 1 0 1 1
0 1 0 1 1 0 1
1 1 1 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 1 1 1 1

This shows that ( A ∩ B )' = A ' ∪ B '.

Problem 3
Usual Proofs - ( A ∪ B )' =A ' ∩B '

Suppose that x ∈ ( A ∪ B )' . Then, x ∉ A ∪B. Using the definition of union,

A ∪ B={x ∨x ∈ A∨x ∈ B }, it follows that x ∉ A and x ∉ B. Consequently, x ∈ A ' and x ∈ B '.
Using the definition of intersection, it follows that x ∈ A ' ∩B '. We can conclude from here, that
( A ∪ B )' =A ' ∩B ' .

Now suppose that x ∈ A ' ∩B '. Using the definition of intersection, x ∈ A ' and x ∈ B '.
Consequently, x ∉ A and x ∉ B. Using the definition of union, A ∪ B={x ∨x ∈ A x ∈ B} , it
follows that x ∉ A ∪B. Consequently, x ∈ ( A ∪ B )' . Therefore, ( A ∪ B )' =A ' ∩B ' . That completes
this proof.

Problem 4
( P ∪Q )' =P ' ∩Q '

…
'
{ 4,5,6,8 } ={ 1,2,3,7,8 } ∩{1,2,3,4,7 }
{ 1,2,3,7 } ={1,2,3,7 }
Therefore, ( P ∪Q )' =P ' ∩Q '

Problem 5
( X ∩Y )' = X ' ∪Y '

( X ∩Y )' = X ' ∪Y '

' '
( { j, k , m } ∩ { k , m, n } ) ={ j , k , m } ∪{k , m ,n }'
'
{ k , m } ={l , n }∪ { j, l }
{j,l,n}={j,l,n}
Therefore, ( X ∩Y )' = X ' ∪Y '