G_]LMI_]IOL MG_OUIS]IPL

Slsk 7 Srgsgbtloiÿb mg Ugsudtlmk

Srgsgbtlmk pkr>

Dibl _k`il Egrbld. Okh

Nulb Olaidk _llvgmrl. Okh

Agroy Mlylbl ]iaktg. Okh <3388:9<333

Ygiai Oltldibl Hkagz Uknls. Okh <3385===73

Hrupk Bk. =7

Srgsgbtlmk l>

 Bkral Egltriz Nurlmk

Wbivgrsimlm Bloikbld Leigrtl yl Mistlboil (WBLM)

Ekhktì M.O.

Alyk 5353
 

]ledl mg okbtgbimk

Ibtrkmuooiÿb..............
............................
.............................
..............................
.............................
.............................
.............................
..............................................
................................ ?

Nusti`ioloiÿb.............
............................
.............................
.............................
.............................
.............................
..............................
.............................
.................................
................... =

Kengtivks.............
............................
.............................
.............................
..............................
.............................
.............................
..............................
......................................
....................... 7

 Kengtivk Hgbgrld...............
.............................
.............................
.............................
.............................
..............................
........................................
......................... 7

 Kengtivk Gspgoá`iok.............
............................
..............................
.............................
.............................
.............................
.............................
........................
......... 7

Lotivimlmgs l mgslrrkddlr..............
............................
.............................
..............................
.............................
.............................
.............................
..........................
............ 0

<.Ib`krag mg dls vlriledgs oulditltivls..............

.............................
.............................
.............................
..............................
.............................
...................0
.....0

5.Ib`krag mg dls vlriledgs oulbtitltivls misorgtls.......................................................................<5

?.Ib`krag mg dls vlriledgs oulbtitltivls okbtibuls......................................................................53

=.Lbìdisis mg rghrgsiÿb.............
............................
..............................
.............................
.............................
.............................
...........................................
............................. 57

Srkpugstl mg skduoiÿb...............
..............................
.............................
.............................
..............................
.........................................................
.......................................... ??

Ugokagbmloikbgs...............
..............................
.............................
.............................
.............................
.............................
..................................................
................................... ?=

Ug`grgboils..............
............................
.............................
..............................
.............................
.............................
..............................
.............................
.............................
..................
... ?7
 

Ibtrkmuooiÿb

Dl gstlmástiol gs ubl oigboil qug utidizl okbnubtks mg mltks buaérioks plrl ketgbgr, l plrtir

mg gddks, ib`grgboils elslmls gb gd oìdoudk mg prkeleidimlmgs, tlaeiéb sg gapdgl gb dks

olapks oigbtá`ioks ibvgstihltivks y lbldátioks. Skr dk ould pkmrálaks mg`ibir dl gstlmástiol

okak dl oigboil qug sg gbolrhl mg rgokpidlr, krhlbizlr, prkogslr, lbldizlr g ibtgrprgtlr mltks

okb gd `ib mg mgmuoir dls olrlotgrástiols mg ubl pkedloiÿb kengtivk.

Gd prgsgbtg trlelnk sg rg`igrg ld lbìdisis rgldizlmk l dks Ibmiolmkrgs mg looimgbtldimlm gb dks

533 aubioipiks mg Okdkaeil6 plrl mgtgraiblr miojk bivgd mg looimgbtldimlm, sg jl rgldizlmk

ub prk`ubmk gstumik mg dls mistibtls vlriledgs gb dk trlbsourrimk mgd pgrikmk lolméaiok mgd

oursk Gstlmástiol Mgsoriptivl. Dl lotivimlm sg okbstituyg okak ub prkogsk mg mgtgraibloiÿb

mg oulbtk ib`duyg olml vlriledg gb dl situloiÿb prgsgbtlml6 plrl dk ould sg utidizlb mistibtls

jgrrlaigbtls okak milhrlals mg mispgrsiÿb, tledls mg `rgougboils, gbtrg

g btrg ktrks, qug `loiditlb

dl okaprgsiÿb mg dks mltks pgraitigbmk imgbti`iolrdls vlriloikbgs mg gstks. L okbtibuloiÿb,

ddghlrgaks l mi`grgbtgs okbodusikbgs, rgspgotk l dks rgsudtlmks ketgbimks okb olml ubk mg

dks gngroioiks
 

Nusti`ioloiÿb

Gstg trlelnk sg rgldizl okb gd `ib mg qug dks gstumilbtgs lmquigrlb okbkoiaigbtks y

okaprgbmlb dl iapkrtlboil mg dl gstlmástiol gb dl viml dlekrld y su viml oktimilbl, lmgaìs,

qug gs auy prlotiol y mibìaiol yl qug pkmgaks rgldizlr tkmk agmilbtg hrl`iols qug bks

 pgraitgb jlogr aìs lotivl ubl gxpdioloiÿb y lsá pkmgr trlsaitirdgs l bugstrks rgogptkrgs
rgogptkrgs dk

qug qugrgaks mg albgrl aìs gxpdáoitl. Okb gstl lotivimlm lprgbmiaks qug dl gstlmástiol

bks jlog aìs `ìoid bugstrk trlelnk yl qug bks eribml ib`kraloiÿb gxlotl qug bks pgraitg

krhlbizlr, mirgooikblr, y rgldizlr pdlbgs mg agnkrl gbtrg ktrks l plrtir mg dks mltks

lrrknlmks. Gd gngroioik `loiditl dl ibtgrprgtloiÿb lbldátiol y hrl`iol mg dl situloiÿb plrl gddk

sg utidizlb vlrils jgrrlaigbtls, dl ould eusol mispkbgr dl alykr olbtimlm mg ib`kraloiÿb

 plrl sgr pugstl gb tgdl mg nuioik. Ugldizlr gstg gngroioik gbsgül ubl plrtg `ubmlagbtld mg

ouldquigr olrrgrl k trlelnk mg olapk qug sg pugml gngrogr. Gd lbìdisis y prgsgbtloiÿb mg

rgsudtlmks gs olapk `ubmlagbtld mg dl viml dlekrld

 

Kengtivks

Kengtivk Hgbgrld

Okbkogr gd ábmiog mg looimgbtldimlm gb dks 533 aubioipiks mg Okdkaeil mg lougrmk okb dks

mi`grgbtgs ibtgragmilriks gxpugstks gb dl elsg mg mltks. Lpdiolbmk dks okbogptks

gstlmástioks y dls mi`grgbtgs albgrls mg lhruplr dl ib`kraloiÿb gb rgdloiÿb okb dks mltks

ketgbimks krmgbìbmkdks y rgprgsgbtìbmkdks ibmi`grgbtgs milhrlals.

Kengtivk Gspgoá`iok

 Imgbti`iolr mks vlriledgs oulbtitltivls misorgtls y okbtibuls, y vlriledgs oulditltivls

mg dl situloiÿb gstumilml qug pugmlb gstlr rgdloikblmls.

 Ugldizlr dks milhrlals mg mispgrsiÿb mg dls vlriledgs gsokhimls y mgtgraiblr gd tipk

mg rgdloiÿb gbtrg dls vlriledgs.

 Ugdloikblr dl ib`kraloiÿb ketgbiml okb gd prkedgal.

 Ugldizlr tledls mg `rgougboils plrl mltks lhruplmks y bk lhruplmks.

 Ugldizlr hrl`iols mg dls tledls mg `rgougboil ketgbimls gb dks mltks lhruplmks y bk

bk

lhruplmks.

 Oldoudlr dls agmimls mg tgbmgboil ogbtrld plrl

p lrl dls vlriledgs misorgtls y okbtibuls

(agmil, agmilbl, akml)

 Oldoudlr dls agmimls mg mispgrsiÿb plrl dls vlriledgs misorgtls y okbtibul.

 Lbldizlr dks rgsudtlmks ketgbimks.

 Ugokbkogr dks `ubmlagbtks eìsioks mg dl Gstlmástiol Mgsoriptivl y dls gtlpls mgbtrk

mg ubl ibvgstihloiÿb, pkr agmik mg mltks tkalmks mg ub `gbÿagbk rgld, mgd bugstrk

gbtkrbk.
 

Lotivimlmgs l mgslrrkddlr

<. Ib`kra
Ib`kragg mg dls vlri
vlriled
ledgs
gs ouldi
oulditlt
tltivl
ivlss

Olrlotgrizlr dl vlriledg oulditltivl prgsgbtlbmk> tledl mg `rgougboils, milhrlal mg elrrls k

oiroudlr, akml, tledl mg okbtibhgboils y okbodusikbgs.  Dks oìdoudks mg dks plrìagtrks dks

 pkmrìb rgldizlr okb gd prkhrlal Gxogd k Ib`kstlt.

Plriledg oulditltivl gdghiml> Bkaerg mgd [mptk.

l) Krhlbizlr
Krhlbizlr dl vlriledg
vlriledg oulditlt
oulditltivl
ivl gb ubl tledl
tledl mg `rgougboil
`rgougboils,
s, qug okbtgbhl
okbtgbhl

okak aábiak dk sihuigbtg>

@rgougboil @rgougboil @rgougboil @rgougboil

Mltks. leskdutl. louaudlml. rgdltivl. pkrogbtuld.

Lbtikquil =3 =3 3,: :3

Ltdìbtiok <3 73 3,5 53

]ktld. 73
 

e) Ugprgsgbtlr
Ugprgsgbtlr dl ib`kraloi
ib`kraloiÿb
ÿb pkr agmik mg mi`grgbtgs
mi`grgbtgs milhrlals
milhrlals gstlmástio
gstlmástioks,
ks,

sghþb okrrgspkbml> (milhrlal mg elrrls, milhrlals oiroudlrgs, gto.).

 

Okbodusikbgs mg dks hrì`ioks>

 Mg lougrmk okb dl hrì`iol mg `rgougboil leskdutl sg kesgrvl qug, dl

`rgougboil leskdutl plrl gd mgplrtlagbtk mg Lbtikquil gs mg =3 rgpgtioikbgs

gb okaplrloiÿb okb dl `rgougboil leskdutl mg Ltdìbtiok, qug gs mg <3

rgpgtioikbgs.

 Mg lougrmk okb dl hrì`iol mg `rgougboil louaudlml leskdutl sg kesgrvl qug,

dl `rgougboil louaudlml leskdutl skerg dks bkaergs mgd [mptk. gs ihuld tlbtk
 

 plrl gd mgplrtlagbtk mg Lbtikquil okak plrl gd mgplrtlagbtk mg Ltdìbtiok

sigbmk gstl mg, 73.

 Mg lougrmk okb dl hrì`iol mg `rgougboil rgdltivl sg kesgrvl qug, dl

`rgougboil rgdltivl plrl gd mgplrtlagbtk mg Lbtikquil gs mg 3,: y dl

`rgougboil rgdltivl plrl gd mgplrtlagbtk mg Ltdìbtiok gs mg 3,5.

 Mg lougrmk okb dl hrì`iol mg `rgougboil pkrogbtuld sg kesgrvl qug, plrl gd

mgplrtlagbtk mg Lbtikquil dl `rgougboil pkrogbtuld gs mg :3, y plrl gd

mgplrtlagbtk mg Ltdìbtiok dl `rgougboil pkrogbtuld gs mg 53, okboduygbmk

qug, gd :3% mg dks bkaergs mgd [mptk. skb mg Lbtikquil y gd 53% mg dks

bkaergs mgd mptk. gs mg Ltdìbtiok.

o) Jlddlr
Jlddlr dl akml mg dl
dl vlriledg
vlriledg oulditltivl
oulditltivl lskoil
lskoil okb dl situlo
situloiÿb
iÿb kengtk
kengtk mg

gstumik.
 

<3

Akml> Lbtikquil 1 =3

m) Agboikblr mks okbodusikbgs l plrtir mgd hrì`iok

 Dl akml gs gd vldkr okb alykr `rgougboil gb ubl mg dls mistrieuoikbgs mg

mltks.

  L plrtir mgd hrì`iok sg kesgrvl qug dl akml mg dl vlriledg ou

oulditltivl
lditltivl

lskoilml okb dl situloiÿb kengtk mg gstumik sg gbougbtrl gb gd mgplrtlagbtk

mg Lbtikquil okb ubl `rgougboil leskdutl mg =3.

]ledl mg okbtibhgboil. Ugldizlr ubl tledl mg okbtibhgboils k mg mkedg gbtrlml, okb mks

vlriledgs oulditltivls

@lddgoimks pkr lotkr vild

Bkaerg mgd mgplrtlagbtk Sgltÿb

Lbtikquil <<9
Ltdìbtiok 5:

]ktld, hgbgrld <=8

Okbodusikbgs

 Mg lougrmk okb dl tledl mg okbtibhgboil sg kesgrvl qug, gb gd mgplrtlagbtk mg

Lbtikquil gd bþagrk mg `lddgoimks pkr lotkr vild gs <<9. Mlbmk ub tktld mg

`lddgoimks gb gstg mgplrtlagbtk mg <<9 pgltkbgs.

 

<<

 Mg lougrmk okb dl tledl mg okbtibhgboil sg kesgrvl qug, gb gd mgplrtlagbtk mg

Ltdìbtiok gd bþagrk mg `lddgoimks pkr lotkr vild gs mg 5:. Mlbmk ub tktld mg

`lddgoimks gb gstg mgplrtlagbtk mg 5: pgltkbgs.

 

<5

5. Ib`krag
Ib`krag mg
mg dls
dls vlriled
vlriledgs
gs oulbtit
oulbtitltivls
ltivls misorgtls
misorgtls

Slrl dl vlriledg misorgtl gdghiml, sg mgegrìb oldoudlr dls agmimls ubivlrilbtgs mg tgbmgboil

ogbtrld> agmil, agmilbl, akml. ]kmks dks oulrtidgs. Lsá aisak mgegrìb oldoudlr dls
agmimls ubivlrilbtgs mg mispgrsiÿb> Ulbhk, vlrilbzl tápiol y okg`ioigbtg mg vlriloiÿb.

Oìdoudk g ibtgrprgtloiÿb mg dls agmimls ubivlrilbtgs mg tgbmgboil ogbtrld y mg

mispgrsiÿb plrl dl vlriledg misorgtl.

Plriledg Oulbtitltivl Misorgtl Gdghiml> Kengtk mg ojkqug Sgltÿb 53<9

<-Agmimls Wbivlrilbtgs mg ]gbmgboil Ogbtrld.

l-Slrl dl vlriledg gdghiml, sg mgegrìb oldoudlr dls agmimls ubivlrilbtgs mg tgbmgboil

ogbtrld>

]ledls mg `rgougboils

Plri
Pl rile
ledg
dg Od
Odls
lsgg AO @L @U @LL
@L L @UL
@U L

Sgltÿb < ?,<3 =: 3,90 =: 3,90

Sgltÿb 5 8,?3 < 3,35 =9 3,9:

Sgltÿb ? <<,73 3 3,33 =9 3,9:

Sgltÿb = <7,83 3 3,33 =9 3,9:

Sg
Sglt
ltÿb
ÿb 7 <9
<9,9
,93
3 < 3,35 73 <,33
 

<?

 
umil bt
bt idid Pgrsiÿb Gst um
umil bt
bt idid Pgrsiÿb Gst um
umil bt
bt idid Pgrsiÿb Gstumil bt
bt idid
 Looimgbtgs
 Pgrsiÿb
 Pgrsiÿb mg trlbsitk
Gstumilbtidd Pgrsi
Gstumilbti Pgrsiÿb p
pkr
ÿb Gstumi kr ken
Gstumilbtid
lbtidkengtk
gtk ÿb
mgGstumilbti
Pgrsiÿb
Pgrsi Gojkqug
ojk qug dpgltkb
stumilbtid Pgrsiÿb
Pgrsiÿb
umil bt
bt idid Pgrsiÿb Gst um
umil bt
bt idid Pgrsiÿb Gst um
umil bt
bt idid Pgrsiÿb Gstumil bt
bt idid
?: ?0
 Pgrsiÿb
 Pgrsiÿb Gstumilbti
Gstumilbtidd Pgrsiÿb
Pgrsiÿb Gstumi
Gstumilbtid
lbtid Pgrsiÿb
Pgrsiÿb Gstumilbti
Gstumilbtidd Pgrsiÿb
Pgrsiÿb
umil btbt idid Pgrsiÿb Gst um
umil bt
bt idid Pgrsiÿb Gst um
umil bt
bt idid Pgrsiÿb Gstumil bt
bt idid
  s 59
 Pgrsiÿb
 Pgrsi ÿb Gstumilbti
Gstumilbtidd Pgrsi
Pgrsiÿb
ÿb Gstumi
Gstumilbtid 5: ÿb Gstumilbti
lbtid Pgrsi
Pgrsiÿb G5:
stumilbtidd Pgrs
Pgrsiÿb
iÿb
  k
   i 5:
  p
um   i
il bt
bt idid Pgrsiÿb Gst um
umil bt
bt idid Pgrsiÿb Gst um
umil bt
bt idid Pgrsiÿb Gstumil bt
bt idid
  o
   i 5?
  b
 Pgrsiÿb
 Pgrsi ÿb Gstumilbti
Gstumilbtidd Pgrsi
Pgrsiÿb
ÿb Gstumi
Gstumilbtid
lbtid Pgrsi
Pgrsiÿb
ÿb Gstumilbti
Gstumilbtidd Pgrs
Pgrsiÿb
iÿb
  u
um  a
il bt
  gbt idid<9 Pgrsiÿb Gst um
umil bt
bt idid Pgrsiÿb Gst um
umil bt
bt idid Pgrsiÿb Gstumil bt
bt idid
   m
 Pgrsi
 Pgrsiÿb
ÿb Gstumilbti
Gstumilbtidd Pgrsi
Pgrsiÿb
ÿb Gstumi
Gstumilbtid
lbtid Pgrsi
Pgrsiÿb
ÿb Gstumilbti
Gstumilbtidd Pgrs
Pgrsiÿb
iÿb
  k
um  r
il bt
  gbt idid Pgrsiÿb Gst umumil bt
bt idid Pgrsiÿb Gst um
umil bt
bt idid Pgrsiÿb Gstumil bt
bt idid
  a
 Pgrsiÿb
 Pgrsiÿb Gstumilbti
Gstumilbtidd Pgrsi
Pgrsiÿb
ÿb Gstumi
Gstumilbtid
lbtid Pgrsi
Pgrsiÿb
ÿb Gstumilbti
Gstumilbtidd Pgrs
Pgrsiÿb
iÿb
  u 9
   B
umil bt
bt idid Pgrsiÿb Gst umumil bt
bt idid Pgrsiÿb Gst um
umil bt
bt idid Pgrsiÿb Gstumil bt
bt idid
 Pgrsiÿb
 Pgrsiÿb Gstumilbti
Gstumilbtidd Pgrsiÿb
Pgrsiÿb Gstumi
Gstumilbtid
lbtid Pgrsiÿb
Pgrsiÿb Gstumilbti
Gstumilbtidd Pgrsiÿb
Pgrsiÿb
<
umil bt
bt idid Pgrsiÿb Gst um
umil bt
bt idid Pgrsiÿb Gst um
umil bt
bt idid Pgrsiÿb Gstumil bt
bt idid
-<
 Pgrsiÿb
 Pgrsiÿb Gstumilbti
Gstumilbtid5d 5 Pgrsi
Pgrsiÿb
ÿb Gstumi
5 Gstumilbtid
< lbtid =Pgrsi
Pgrsiÿb
ÿb? Gstumilbti
Gstumilbtid
0 d Pgrsiÿb
Pgrsiÿb
umil bt
bt idid Pgrsiÿb Gst um
umil bt
bt idid PgSgltkb
rsiÿb Gst um
umil bt
bt idid Pgrsiÿb Gstumil bt
bt idid
 Pgrsiÿb
 Pgrsiÿb Gstumilbti
Gstumilbtidd Pgrsiÿb
Pgrsiÿb Gstumi
Gstumilbtid
lbtid Pgrsiÿb
Pgrsiÿb Gstumilbti
Gstumilbtidd Pgrsiÿb
Pgrsiÿb

Okbodusikbgs, pkr kengtk mg ojkqug pgltÿb 53<9

- Gb ub aub
aubioi
ioipik
pik sg jlb
jlb rghist
rghistrlm
rlmk
k pkr kengtk
kengtk mg ojkqug
ojkqug okb
okb pgltÿb
pgltÿb,, 55 looimgbt
looimgbtgs.
gs.

- Gb 5? aub
aubioi
ioipik
pikss sg jlb rghis
rghistr
trlmk
lmk pkr
pkr kengtk
kengtk mg ojkqug
ojkqug okb
okb pgltÿb,
pgltÿb, 5 looimg
looimgbtg
btgs.
s.

- Gb 59 aub
aubioi
ioipik
pikss sg jlb rghis
rghistr
trlmk
lmk pkr
pkr kengtk
kengtk mg ojkqug
ojkqug okb
okb pgltÿb,
pgltÿb, < looimg
looimgbtg
btg..

- Gb 5: aub
aubioi
ioipik
pikss sg jlb rghis
rghistr
trlmk
lmk pkr
pkr kengtk
kengtk mg ojkqug
ojkqug okb
okb pgltÿb,
pgltÿb, = looimg
looimgbtg
btgs.
s.

- Gb 5: aub
aubioi
ioipik
pikss sg jlb rghis
rghistr
trlmk
lmk pkr
pkr kengtk
kengtk mg ojkqug
ojkqug okb
okb pgltÿb,
pgltÿb, ? looimg
looimgbtg
btgs.
s.

- Gb ?0 aub
aubioi
ioipik
pikss sg jlb rghis
rghistr
trlmk
lmk pkr
pkr kengtk
kengtk mg ojkqug
ojkqug okb
okb pgltÿb,
pgltÿb, 0 looimg
looimgbtg
btgs.
s.

Agmimls Wbivlrilbtgs mg dl vlriledg misorgtl —Sgltÿb‑ okak kengtk mg ojkqug gb 73

aubioipiks mg Okdkaeil rgdloikblmls okb dks ábmiogs mg looimgbtldimlm.

Agmimls rgsuagb

Ugsuagb Sgltÿb Agmil> 5.?

b 73,33

Agmil 5,?0 Agmilbl> 5

 

<=

M.G. 5,99

Aáb <,33 Oulrtid <> 5

Aìx 55,33

Agmilbl 5,33 Oulrtid ?> 5

\< <,33

\? 5,
5,333

Agmimls rgsuagb

Plril
Pl riled
edgg b Ag
Agmil
mil M.G.
M.G .  Aáb Aìx Agmilbl
Agmilb l \< \?

Sgltÿ
gl tÿb
b 73 5,
5,??0 5,
5,99
99 <,
<,33
33 55,3
55 ,33
3 5,33
5, 33 <,33
,3 3 5,33
5, 33

Ibtgrprgtloiÿb mg dks rgsudtlmks ketgbimks

 Gd ibmiolmkr mg 73 aubioipiks bks augstrl ub prkagmik mg 5 pgltkbgs, okak kengtk

mg ojkqug.

 ]gbgaks ub aábiak mg < pgltÿb y ub aìxiak mg 55 pgltkbgs.

 Agmimls rgsuagb

Ugsuagb
  Sgltÿb
 

b 73,33

Agmil 5,?0

M.G. 5,99

Plr(b) :,89

OP <50,9<

Aáb <,33
 

<7

Aìx 55,33

Agmilbl 5,33

\< <,33

\? 5,33
 

Ulbhk> 5<

Mltk Aib> <

Mltk Aib> 55

 [[[[[[[[[[[[[[ 

 5<

M.G1 Mgsviloiÿb gstìbmlr> ?

Plr (b)1 Plriloiÿb> 9

O.P1 Okg`ioigbtg vlriloiÿb> <58

Ibtgrprgtloiÿb mg dks rgsudtlmks

Dls agmimls mg mispgrsiÿb augstrlb ubl mgsviloiÿb gstìbmlr mg ?, tkalbmk okak kengtk mg

ojkqug dks pgltkbgs 53<9, mg lougrmk okb gd ibmiolmkr mg looimgbtldimlm mg dks 73

aubioipiks, augstrl ubl vlriloiÿb mg 9, mkbmg gd okg`ioigbtg mg vlriloiÿb gs mg <58,

akstrlbmk ub aábiak mg < y ub aìxiak mg 55 pgltkbgs.

Oìdoudk g ibtgrprgtloiÿb mg dls agmimls ubivlrilbtgs mg tgbmgboil ogbtrld y mg

mispgrsiÿb plrl dl vlriledg misorgtl.

Plriledg Oulbtitltivl Misorgtl Gdghiml> Kengtk mg ojkqug eioiodgtl 53<9

<-Agmimls Wbivlrilbtgs mg ]gbmgboil Ogbtrld.

 

<0

e-Sl
-Slrl
rl dl vlrile
vlriledg
dg gdghim
gdghiml,
l, sg mgegrì
mgegrìb
b oldoud
oldoudlr
lr dls agmiml
agmimlss ubivlr
ubivlrilb
ilbtgs
tgs mg tgbmgb
tgbmgboil
oil

ogbtrld>

]ledls mg `rgougboils

Plriledg Odlsg
  D_ AO @L
  @U @LL
  @UL

Eioiodgtl < 5<,:3Q <5,93 =: 3,90 =

=:
: 3,90

Eioiodgtl 5 ?9,03Q ?3,83 < 3,35 =9 3,9:

Eioiodgtl ? 78,=3Q =:,73 3 3,33 =9 3,9:

Eioiodgtl = 87,53Q 00,?3 3 3,33 =9 3,9:

Eioiodgtl
   
7 9?,33Q
  :=,<3
   
< 3,35
  73
  <,33
 

umilbt idid Pg rs
rsiÿb Gst um
umilbt idid Pgrsiÿb Gst um
umilbt idid Pgrsiÿb Gst um
umilbt idid
 Looimgbtgs
 Pgrsiÿb Gstumilbtid mg trlbsitk
Pgrsiÿb pkr k
kengtk
engtk
Gstumilbtid mg ojk
Pgrsiÿbojkqug
qug eioiod
eioiodgtl
Gstumilbtid gtl
Pgrsiÿb
umilbt idid Pg rs
rsiÿb Gst um
umilbt idid Pgrsiÿb Gst um
umilbt idid Pgrsiÿb Gst um
umilbt idid
?: ?0
 Pgrsiÿb Gstumilbtid Pgrsiÿb Gstumilbtid Pgrsiÿb Gstumilbtid
?? Pgrsiÿb
umilbt idid Pg rs
rsiÿb Gst um
umilbt idid Pgrs?3
iÿb Gst um
umilbt?<
idid Pgrsiÿb Gst um
umilbt idid
  s Gstumilbtid Pgrsiÿb Gstumilbtid Pgrsiÿb
 Pgrsiÿb 5: Gstumilbtid Pgrsiÿb
  k 5:
   i
  p 57 50
um   i
ilbt idid Pg rs
rsiÿb Gst um
umilbt idid 5=
Pgrsiÿb Gst um
umilbt idid Pgrsiÿb Gst um
umilbt idid
  o
   i 5?
  b
 Pgrsiÿb Gstumilbtid Pgrsiÿb Gstumilbtid Pgrsiÿb Gstumilbtid Pgrsiÿb
  u
um  a rsiÿb Gst <:
ilbt idid Pg rs umilbt idid Pgrsiÿb Gst um
um umilbt idid Pgrsiÿb Gst um
umilbt idid
  g <9
   m Gstumilbtid Pgrsiÿb Gstumilbtid Pgrsiÿb Gstumilbtid Pgrsiÿb
 Pgrsiÿb
  k
  r
um  g
ilbt idid Pg rs
rsiÿb Gst um
umilbt idid Pgrsiÿb Gst um
umilbt idid Pgrsiÿb Gst um
umilbt idid
  a
 Pgrsiÿb
  u Gstumilbtid
9
Pgrsiÿb Gstumilbtid Pgrsiÿb Gstumilbtid Pgrsiÿb
   B
umilbt idid Pg rs
rsiÿb Gst um
umilbt idid Pgrsiÿb Gst um
umilbt idid Pgrsiÿb Gst um
umilbt idid
 Pgrsiÿb Gstumilbtid Pgrsiÿb Gstumilbtid Pgrsiÿb Gstumilbtid Pgrsiÿb
<
umilbt idid Pg rs
rsiÿb Gst um
umilbt idid Pgrsiÿb Gst um
umilbt idid Pgrsiÿb Gst um
umilbt idid
-<
 Pgrsiÿb Gstumilbtid
9? : Pgrsiÿb
<3 8Gstumilbtid
7 <0 Pgrsiÿb
= <? Gstumilbtid
<<
<< <8
<8 5500 Pgrsiÿb
umilbt idid Pg rs
rsiÿb Gst um
umilbt idid PEioiodgtl
grsiÿb Gst um
umilbt idid Pgrsiÿb Gst um
umilbt idid
 Pgrsiÿb Gstumilbtid Pgrsiÿb Gstumilbtid Pgrsiÿb Gstumilbtid Pgrsiÿb

Okbodusikbgs pkr kengtk mg ojkqug 53<9, eioiodgtl

 Gb < aubioipik, sg jlb rghistrlmk 9? looimgbtgs, pkr kengtk mg ojkqug, eioiodgtl.

 Gb <: aubioipiks sg jlb rghistrlmk : looimgbtgs,

l ooimgbtgs, pkr kengtk mg ojkqug
ojkqug,, eioiodgtl.

 Gb 57 aubioipiks sg jlb rghistrlmks <3 looimgbtgs pkr kengtk mg ojkqug, eioiodgtl.


Gb 5= aubioipiks sg jlb rghistrlmk 8 looimgbtgs
l ooimgbtgs pkr kengtk mg ojkqug
ojkqug,, eioiodgtl.
 

<8

 Gb ?3 aubioipiks sg jlb rghistrlmk 7 looimgbtgs

l ooimgbtgs pkr kengtk mg ojkqug
ojkqug,, eioiodgtl.

 Gb 50 aubioipiks sg jlb rghistrlmk <0 looimgbtgs pkr kengtk mg ojkqu

ojkqug,
g, eioiodgtl.

 Gb 5: aubioipiks sg jlb rghistrlmk = looimgbtgs

l ooimgbtgs pkr kengtk mg ojkqug
ojkqug,, eioiodgtl.

 Gb ?< aubioipiks sg jlb rghistrlmk <? looimgbtgs pkr kengtk mg ojkqu

ojkqug,
g, eioiodgtl.

 Gb 5? aubioipiks sg jlb rghistrlmk << looimgbtgs pkr kengtk mg ojkqu

ojkqug,
g, eioiodgtl.

 Gb ?? aubioipiks sg jlb rghistrlmk <8 looimgbtgs pkr kengtk mg ojkqu

ojkqug,
g, eioiodgtl.

 Gb ?0 aubioipiks sg jlb rghistrlmk 50 looimgbtgs pkr kengtk mg ojkqu

ojkqug,
g, eioiodgtl.

Agmimls Wbivlrilbtgs mg dl vlriledg misorgtl —eioiodgtl‑ okak kengtk mg ojkqug gb 73

aubioipiks mg Okdkaeil rgdloikblmls okb dks ábmiogs mg looimgbtldimlm.

 Agmimls rgsuagb

Ugsuagb
  Eioiodgtl
 

b 73,33

Agmil 9,:3

M.G. <5,09

Plr(b) <78,:=

OP <59,73

Aáb =,33

Aìx 9?,33

Agmilbl 8,33

\< 7,33

\? <3,33
 
 

<:

Bugvl tledl > <9/37/5353 - :>=<>?: p. a. - VPgrsiÿb > 53/39/53<9Q

gmimls rgsuagb

Plriledg b Agmil M.G. Plr(b) OP Aáb Aìx Agmilbl \< \?

Eioiodgtl 73 9,:3 <5,09 <78,:= <59,73 =,33 9?,33 8,33 7,33 <3,33

Ibtgrprgtloiÿb mg dks rgsudtlmks ketgbimks

 Gd ibmiolmkr mg 73 aubioipiks bks augstrl ub prkagmik mg <3 eioiodgtls, okak

kengtk mg ojkqug.

 ]gbgaks ub aábiak mg = eioiodgtls y ub aìxiak mg 9? eioiodgtls okak kengtks mg

ojkqug 53<9.

Agmimls ubivlrilbtgs mg mispgrsiÿb>

 e-Slrl dl vlriledg gdghiml, sg mgegrìb oldoudlr dls agmimls ubivlrilbtgs mg mispgrsiÿb>

 Agmimls rgsuagb

Ugsuagb
  Eioiodgtl
 

b 73,33

Agmil 9,:3

M.G. <5,09

Plr(b) <78,:=

OP <59,73

Aáb =,33

Aìx 9?,33

Agmilbl 8,33

\< 7,33

\? <3,33
 
 

<9

Ulbhk> :9

Mltk Aib> =

Mltk Alx> 9?

 [[[[[[[[[[[[[[ 

 :9

M.G1 Mgsviloiÿb gstìbmlr> <5

Plr (b)1 Plriloiÿb> <7:

OP1 Okg`ioigbtg vlriloiÿb> <59

Ibtgrprgtloiÿb mg dks rgsudtlmks

Dls agmimls mg mispgrsiÿb augstrlb ubl mgsviloiÿb gstìbmlr mg <5, tkalbmk okak kengtk

mg ojkqug 53<9, l dls eioiodgtls, mg lougrmk ld ibmiolmkr mg looimgbtldimlm mg dks 73

aubioipiks, augstrl ubl vlriloiÿb mg <7:, mkbmg gd okg`ioigbtg mg vlriloiÿb gs mg <59,

akstrlbmk ub aábiak mg = y ub aìxiak mg 9? Eioiodgtls.

 

53

?. Ib`krag
Ib`krag mg
mg dls
dls vlriled
vlriledgs
gs oulbtit
oulbtitltivls
ltivls okbtibuls
okbtibuls

Oìdoudk g ibtgrprgtloiÿb mg dls agmimls ubivlrilbtgs

u bivlrilbtgs mg tgbmgboil ogbtrld y mg mispgrsiÿb

 plrl dl vlriledg misorgtl.

Plriledg Oulbtitltivl Okbtibþl Gdghiml> `lddgoimks gbgrk - `gergrk 53<9

Agmimls ubivlrilbtgs mg tgbmgboil ogbtrld

 e- Slrl dl vlriledg gdghiml, sg mgegrìb oldoudlr dls agmimls ubivlrilbtgs mg tgbmgboil

ogbtrld>

Bugvl tledl > <9/37/5353 - 9><8>73 p. a. - VPgrsiÿb > 53/39/53<9Q

]ledls mg `rgougboils

Plriledg Odlsg DI D_ AO @L @U @LL @UL

@lddgoimks gbg- `ge 53<9 < V <7,33 :0,53 Q 73,03 =: 3,90 =: 3,90
@lddgoimks gbg- `ge 53<9 5 ( :0,53 <78,=3 Q <5<,:3 < 3,35 =9 3,9:
@lddgoimks gbg- `ge 53<9 ? ( <78,=3 55:,03 Q <9?,33 3 3,33 =9 3,9:
@lddgoimks gbg- `ge 53<9 = ( 55:,03 599,:3 Q 50=,53 3 3,33 =9 3,9:
@lddgoimks gbg- `ge 53<9 7 ( 599,:3 ?8<,33 Q ??7,=3 < 3,35 73 <,33

Okbodusiÿb

 Dks `lddgoiaigbtks gbgrk-`gergrk 53<9, lrrknlb dks sihuigbtgs rgsudtlmks.

 Gb =: aubioipiks mg Okdkaeil dks `lddgoiaigbtks prgsgbtlmks gbtrg gbgrk-`gergrk

53<9, gs mg <7,33 y :0,53.

 Gb < aubioipik mg Okdkaeil dks `lddgoiaigbtks prgsgbtlmks gbtrg gbgrk-`gergrk

53<9, gs mg :0,53 y <78,=3.

 Gb < aubioipik mg Okdkaeil dks `lddgoiaigbtks prgsgbtlmks gbtrg gbgrk-`gergrk

53<9, gs mg 599,:3 y ?8<,33.

 

5<

 
umilbt id Pg rsiÿb Gst umilbt id Pgrsiÿb Gst umil bt id Pgrsiÿb Gst umil bt i
 Pgrsiÿb
 Pgrsiÿb Gstumilbtid @lddgoimks
Gstumilbtid Pgrsiÿb
Pgrsi gbgrk-`gergrk
ÿb Gstumilbtid
Gstumilbtid ÿb53<9
Pgrsiÿb
Pgrsi Gstumilbtid
Gstumilbtid Pgrsiÿb
umilbt id Pg rsiÿb Gst umilbt id Pgrsiÿb Gst umil bt id Pgrsiÿb Gst umil bt i
<,3<
 Pgrsiÿb
 Pgrsiÿb Gstumilbtid
Gstumilbtid Pgrsiÿb
Pgrsi ÿb Gstumilbtid
Gstumilbtid Pgrsiÿb
Pgrsi ÿb Gstumilbtid
Gstumilbtid Pgrsiÿb
umilbt id Pg rsiÿb Gst umilbt id Pgrsiÿb Gst umil bt id Pgrsiÿb Gst umil bt i
 Pgrsiÿb
 Pgrsiÿb Gstumilbtid
Gstumilbtid Pgrsiÿb
Pgrsiÿb Gstumilbtid
Gstumilbtid Pgrsiÿb
Pgrsiÿb Gstumilbtid
Gstumilbtid Pgrsiÿb
3,80
umil bt id Pg rsiÿb Gst umilbt id Pgrsiÿb Gst umil bt id Pgrsiÿb Gst umil bt i
 Pgrsiÿb
 Pgrsiÿb Gstumilbtid
Gstumilbtid Pgrsiÿb
Pgrsiÿb Gstumilbtid
Gstumilbtid Pgrsiÿb
Pgrsiÿb Gstumilbtid
Gstumilbtid Pgrsiÿb
umilbt id Pg rsiÿb Gst umilbt id Pgrsiÿb Gst umil bt id Pgrsiÿb Gst umil bt i
3,73
 Pgrsiÿb
 Pgrsiÿb Gstumilbtid
Gstumilbtid Pgrsiÿb
Pgrsi ÿb Gstumilbtid
Gstumilbtid Pgrsiÿb
Pgrsi ÿb Gstumilbtid
Gstumilbtid Pgrsiÿb
umilbt id Pg rsiÿb Gst umilbt id Pgrsiÿb Gst umil bt id Pgrsiÿb Gst umil bt i
 Pgrsiÿb Gstumilbtid
 Pgrsiÿb Gstumilbtid Pgrsiÿb
Pgrsi ÿb Gstumilbtid
Gstumilbtid Pgrsiÿb
Pgrsi ÿb Gstumilbtid
Gstumilbtid Pgrsiÿb
3,57
umilbt id Pg rsiÿb Gst umilbt id Pgrsiÿb Gst umil bt id Pgrsiÿb Gst umil bt i
 Pgrsiÿb
 Pgrsiÿb Gstumilbtid
Gstumilbtid Pgrsiÿb
Pgrsiÿb Gstumilbtid
Gstumilbtid Pgrsiÿb
Pgrsiÿb Gstumilbtid
Gstumilbtid Pgrsiÿb
umilbt id Pg rsiÿb Gst umilbt id Pgrsiÿb Gst umil bt id Pgrsiÿb Gst umil bt i
3,33
 Pgrsiÿb
 Pgrsiÿb-Gstumilbtid
G
5stumilbtid
< 7< Pgrsi
Pgrsiÿb
ÿb
<55Gstumilbtid
Gstumi<
lbtid
9? Pgrsiÿb
Pgrsi
50= ÿb Gstumilbtid
Gstumilbtid
??7 Pgrsiÿb
= 38

umilbt id Pg rsiÿb G@lddgoimks

st umilbt id gbgrk-`gergrk
Pgrsiÿb Gst umil bt53<9
id Pgrsiÿb Gst umil bt i
 Pgrsiÿb Gstumilbtid
 Pgrsiÿb Gstumilbtid Pgrsiÿb
Pgrsi ÿb Gstumilbtid
Gstumilbtid Pgrsiÿb
Pgrsi ÿb Gstumilbtid
Gstumilbtid Pgrsiÿb

Okbodusikbgs

Gd jistkhrlal ibmiol qug dl tlsl mg `lddgoimks gbgrk-`gergrk 53<9, mkbmg dl olbtimlm mg

aubioipiks lrrknlel =:, okb odlsg mg 7<, sihuigbmk < aubioipik okb <55, `ibldagbtg <

aubioipik okb ??7, gstledgoigbmk lsá, dks `lddgoimks gbgrk-`gergrk 53<9.

 

55

 
umilbt id Pgrsiÿb Gstumil bt id Pgrsiÿb Gst umilbt id Pg rsiÿb Gst umilbti
 Pgrsiÿb
 Pgrsiÿb Gstumi
Gstumilbtid
lbtid @lddgoimks
@lddgoimks
Pgrsi
Pgrsiÿb gbgrk-`gergrk
ÿb Gstumilbti
Gstumilbtid
d Pgrsiÿb
Pgrsi 53
53<9
<9lbtid
ÿb Gstumi
Gstumilbtid Pgrsiÿb
Pgrsiÿb
umilbt id Pgrsiÿb Gstumil bt id Pgrsiÿb Gst umilbt id Pg rsiÿb Gst umilbti
<,33
 Pgrsiÿb
 Pgrsiÿb Gstumi
Gstumilbtid
lbtid Pgrsiÿb
Pgrsi ÿb Gstumilbti
Gstumilbtidd Pgrsiÿb
Pgrsiÿb Gstumi
Gstumilbtid
lbtid Pgrsiÿb
Pgrsi ÿb
um   s
ilbt id Pgrsiÿb Gstumil bt id Pgrsiÿb Gst umilbt id Pg rsiÿb Gst umilbti
   k
   i
   p
 Pgrsiÿb
 Pgrsi
   iÿb Gstumi
Gstumilbtid
lbtid Pgrsiÿb
Pgrsi ÿb Gstumilbti
Gstumilbtidd Pgrsiÿb
Pgrsiÿb Gstumi
Gstumilbtid
lbtid Pgrsiÿb
Pgrsi ÿb
um   i
   o
ilbt id3,87
   b Pgrsiÿb Gstumil bt id Pgrsiÿb Gst umilbt id Pg rsiÿb Gst umilbti
  u
 Pgrsiÿb
 Pgrsi ÿb Gstumi
Gstumilbtid
lbtid Pgrsiÿb
Pgrsi ÿb Gstumilbti
Gstumilbtidd Pgrsiÿb
Pgrsiÿb Gstumi
Gstumilbtid
lbtid Pgrsiÿb
Pgrsi ÿb
   a
um   g
ilbt id Pgrsiÿb Gstumil bt id Pgrsiÿb Gst umilbt id Pg rsiÿb Gst umilbti
   m 3,73
 Pgrsiÿb
 Pgrsi
   kÿb Gstumi
Gstumilbtid
lbtid Pgrsiÿb
Pgrsi ÿb Gstumilbti
Gstumilbtidd Pgrsiÿb
Pgrsiÿb Gstumi
Gstumilbtid
lbtid Pgrsiÿb
Pgrsi ÿb
   r
um   g
ilbt id Pgrsiÿb Gstumil bt id Pgrsiÿb Gst umilbt id Pg rsiÿb Gst umilbti
   a
 Pgrsiÿb
 Pgrsi
  uÿb Gstumi
Gstumilbtid
lbtid Pgrsiÿb
Pgrsi ÿb Gstumilbti
Gstumilbtidd Pgrsiÿb
Pgrsiÿb Gstumi
Gstumilbtid
lbtid Pgrsiÿb
Pgrsi ÿb
3,57
   B
umilbt id Pgrsiÿb Gstumil bt id Pgrsiÿb Gst umilbt id Pg rsiÿb Gst umilbti
 Pgrsiÿb
 Pgrsiÿb Gstumi
Gstumilbtid
lbtid Pgrsiÿb
Pgrsiÿb Gstumilbti
Gstumilbtidd Pgrsiÿb
Pgrsiÿb Gstumi
Gstumilbtid
lbtid Pgrsiÿb
Pgrsiÿb
umilbt id Pgrsiÿb Gstumil bt id Pgrsiÿb Gst umilbt id Pg rsiÿb Gst umilbti
3,33
 Pgrsiÿb
 Pgrsiÿb Gstumi
Gstumilbtid
- 5<lbtid 7Pgrsi
Pgrsiÿb
< ÿb<Gstumilbti
G5stumilbtid
5 <9d ? Pgrsi
Pgrsiÿb
50ÿb
= Gstumi
Gstumilbtid
??lbtid
7 Pgrsiÿb
Pgrsi
= 38 ÿb

umilbt id Pgrsiÿb Gst@lddgoimks

umil bt id Pggbgrk-`gergrk
rsiÿb Gstgergrk
gbgrk-` umilbt id 53<9
Pg rsiÿb Gst umilbti
 Pgrsiÿb Gstumi
 Pgrsiÿb Gstumilbtid
lbtid Pgrsiÿb
Pgrsi ÿb Gstumilbti
Gstumilbtidd Pgrsiÿb
Pgrsiÿb Gstumi
Gstumilbtid
lbtid Pgrsiÿb
Pgrsi ÿb

Okbodusiÿb

Gd pkdáhkbk augstrl qug dks `lddgoimks lük 53<9, ibmiol gd piok aìs ldtk gb dks =:

aubioipiks, sghuimk mg < y < aubioipik okrrgspkbmigbtgagbtg, akstrlbmk ubl odlsg mg 7<,

<55, y ??7, gb dks `lddgoiaigbtks lük 53<9

Agmimls Wbivlrilbtgs mg dl vlriledg okbtibul —`lddgoimks gbgrk-`gergrk lük 53<9‑

okak kengtk mg ojkqug gb 73 aubioipiks mg Okdkaeil rgdloikblmls okb dks ábmiogs mg

looimgbtldimlm.

Agmimls rgsuagb

Ugsuagb
Ugsuag b @lddgoimks
@lddgoi mks gbgrk-`gergrk
gbgrk- `gergrk 5.. 

b 73,33

Agmil ?:,:3
 

5?

M.G. 73,8<

Plr(b) 5753,75

OP <?3,8<

Aáb <7,33

Aìx ?8<,33

Agmilbl 58,33

\< 5<,33

\? ?9
?9,3
,33
3

Agmil> ?:.:3

Agmilbl> 58.33

Oulrtid <> 5<.33

Oulrtid ?> ?9.33

Ibtgrprgtloiÿb mg rgsudtlmks

 Dl agmil ogbtrld oulbtitltivl okbtibul lrrknl, qug dks `lddgoiaigbtks gbgrk-`gergrk

53<9, skb mg> ?:.:3.

 _g tigbg ub aábiak mg <7.33 `lddgoimks y ub aìxiak mg ?<8.33, `lddgoimks gbgrk-

`gergrk 53<9.
Agmimls rgsuagb

Ugsuagb
Ugsuag b @lddgoimks
@lddgoi mks gbgrk-`gergrk
gbgrk- `gergrk 5.. 

b 73,33

Agmil ?:,:3

M.G. 73,8<

Plr(b) 5753,75
 

5=

OP <?3,8<

Aáb <7,33

Aìx ?8<,33

Agmilbl 58,33

\< 5<,33

\? ?9,3
?9 ,33
3

Ulbhk> -?70

Aábiak> <7.33

Aìxiak> ?8<.33

 [[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[ 

  -?70

M.G> Mgsviloiÿb gstìbmlr> 73.8<

Plr> Plrilbzl> 5753.75

O.P> Okg`ioigbtg mg vlriloiÿb> <?3.8<

Ibtgrprgtloiÿb mg dks rgsudtlmks ketgbimks

Dls agmimls mg mispgrsiÿb augstrlb qug dks 73 aubioipiks mkbmg dks `lddgoiaigbtks gbgrk-

`gergrk 53<9 rg`dgnlb dks sihuigbtgs mltks, mgsviloiÿb gstìbmlr 73.8<, vlrilbzl 5753.75 y

okg`ioigbtg mg vlrilbzl mg <?3.8<, mkbmg gd mltk aábiak `ug mg <7.33 y gd aìxiak mg

?8<.33 `lddgoiaigbtks gbgrk-`gergrk lük 53<9.

 

57

=. Lbìd
Lbìdis
isis
is mg rg
rghr
hrgs
gsiÿ
iÿb
b

Ughrgsiÿb y okrrgdloiÿb gbtrg vlriledgs oulbtitltivls

Imgbti`iolr mks vlriledgs oulbtitltivls mg dl situloiÿb gstumilml qug pugmlb gstlr

rgdloikblmls

Plriledg ibmgpgbmigbtg> kengtk mg ojkqug eioiodgtl

Plriledg mgpgbmigbtg> `lddgoimks gbg. ‟ `ge. 53<9

Imgbti`iolr mks vlriledgs oulbtitltivls mg dl situloiÿb gstumilml qug pugmlb gstlr

rgdloikblmls.

Ugldizlr gd milhrlal mg mispgrsiÿb mg miojls vlriledgs y mgtgraiblr gd tipk mg

lskoiloiÿb gbtrg dls vlriledgs

 

50

Lbìdisis>

Gd milhrlal mg mispgrsiÿb bks augstrl qug jly ubl tgbmgboil dibgld ogrolbl mkbmg gxistg

ubl rgdloiÿb mirgotl gbtrg dks looimgbtgs mg

m g trìbsitk y dks usulriks mg eioiodgtls okb dl tlsl

mg `lddgoimks gbg-`ge 53<9

Gbougbtrg gd akmgdk altgaìtiok qug pgraitg prgmgoir gd g`gotk mg ubl vlriledg skerg

dl ktrl. »Gs okb`iledg;

Gd akmgdk altgaìtiok qug prgmiog gd g`gotk mg ubl vlriledg skerg dl ktrl

Y1=,33x-3,?0
Okg`ioigbtg mg mgtgraibloiÿb 1 <,33 x <33 1 <

Gd akmgdk rgsudtlbtg gs <33% okb`iledg, sg pugmg mgoir qug gstg akmgdk altgaìtiok gs

okb`iledg

Mgtgraibg gd hrlmk mg okrrgdloiÿb mg dls mks vlriledgs.

<. Okg`ioigbtg mg okrrgdloiÿb 1 rláz oulmrlml mg <,33 1 <

 

58

Dl okrrgdloiÿb gbtrg kengtk mg ojkqug eioiodgtls y `lddgoimks gbg. @ge 53<9 prgsgbtl

ub hrlmk mg rgdloiÿb okb`iledg

  Ugdloikblr dl ib`kraloiÿb ketgbiml okb gd prkedgal.

 Dl ib`kraloiÿb ketgbiml mgd milhrlal mg mispgrsiÿb bks ibmiol qug dks looimgbtgs

mg trìbsitk dk ould gd kengtk mg ojkqug eioiodgtl y `lddgoimks gbg-`ge 53<9, jly ubl

rgdloiÿb okbtubmgbtg plrl qug gxistl ub luagbtk gb dks looimgbtgs mg trlbsitk

 Gd okg`ioigbtg mg mgtgraibloiÿb bks ibmiol qug

qu g gbtrg dks looimgbtgs mg trìbsitk mg

kengtk mg ojkqug eioiodgtl y `lddgoimks gbg- `ge 53<9 gs mg <,33% mg okb`iledg, dk

qug bks mgaugstrl qug dks g`gotks qug jly gb dl vlriledg mg `lddgoimks gbg- `ge 53<9

y kengtk mg ojkqug eioiodgtls tigbg rgdloiÿb okb dl looimgbtldimlm prgsgbtlml gs

okb`iledg

 Dl ib`kraloiÿb ketgbiml mgd okg`ioigbtg mg okrrgdloiÿb bks ibmiol qug dks looimgbtgs

mg trìbsitk mkbmg dl rgdloiÿb mg kengtk mg ojkqug y `lddgoimks gbg- `ge 53<9 gstk

miog qug gs mg < y dl vlriledg ibmiol qug gs auy rghudlr 

Imgbti`iolr ubl vlriledg oulbtitltivl mgpgbmigbtg y vlrils vlriledgs oulbtitltivls

ibmgpgbmigbtgs mgd gstumik mg ibvgstihloiÿb.

@lddgoimk gbg- `ge 53<9

Sgltÿb

Wsulrik mg eioiodgtl
 

5:

Plriledg mgpgbmigbtg

@lddgoimks 53<9

Plriledg ibmgpgbmigbtg

Sgltÿb

Kengtk mg ojkqug eioiodgtl

Ughrgsiÿb y okrrgdloiÿb aþdtipdg.

Lbìdisis>

Dl hrl`iol bks ibmiol qug dls vlriledgs gb su alykrál sg gbougbtrlb gb gd dáaitg supgrikr,

dks mltks sg gbougbtrlb mgbtrk mg dl alrhgb gstk bks ibmiolb qug skb jkakhébgks
 

59

Lbìdisis>

Gd milhrlal mg mispgrsiÿb bks augstrl qug jly

j ly ubl okrrgdloiÿb bghltivl gbtrg dls vlriledgs,

yl qug gd luagbtk mg dks looimgbtgs mg trìbsitk bk jly rgdloiÿb lplrgbtg yl qug dks qug

gstìb ibvkduorlmks skb kengtk mg ojkqug pgltÿb bk okiboimg okb dks `lddgoimks gbg-`ge 53<9
 

?3

Lbìdisis>

Gd milhrlal mg mispgrsiÿb bks augstrl qug jly

j ly ubl tgbmgboil dibgld gbtrg dls vlriledgs, yl

qug gd luagbtk mg dks looimgbtgs mg trìbsitk mkb gstìb ibvkduorlmks kengtk mg ojkqug

 eioiodgtl okiboimg okb dks `lddgoimks gbg-`ge 53<9

Y1a(x)+e

Gd akmgdk altgaìtiok pgraitg prgmgoir

y1 -?=,55+=3,55+=9,55
 

?<

Okg`ioigbtg mg mgtgraibloiÿb  1 <,33 Z <33% 1 <

akmgdk altgaìtiok gbokbtrlmk skdk gs ub <% okb`iledg. L plrtir mg gstk sg pugmg mgoir

qug gd akmgdk altgaìtiok tktldagbtg okb`iledg

Okg`ioigbtg mg okrrgdloiÿb 1 rláz oulmrlml mg <,33 1 <

Gd hrlmk mg rgdloiÿb gbokbtrlmk mg dls mks vlriledgs gs mg < Gstk quigrg mgoir qug gd hrlmk

mg rgdloiÿb gs pgr`gotl

Ugdloikblr dl ib`kraloiÿb ketgbiml okb gd prkedgal.

 Dl ib`kraloiÿb suaibistrlml mgd okg`ioigbtg mg mgtgraibloiÿb mg dks looimgbtgs mg

trìbsitk gb 73 aubioipiks mg Okdkaeil mg dks ouldgs dks `lddgoimks gbgrk y `gergrk

53<9 kengtk mg ojkqug eioiodgtl y kengtk mg ojkqug pgltÿb dl rgdloiÿb qug gxistg gs

mg ub <,33% mg okb`ileidimlm gstks bks lrrknlb qug dls vlriledgs y sus rgsudtlmks

skb okb`iledgs

 Gd okg`ioigbtg mg okrrgdloiÿb bks miog qug

q ug dks looimgbtgs mg trìbsitk gb 73

aubioipiks mg Okdkaeil okb kengtk mg ojkqug eioiodgtl y kengtk mg ojkqug pgltÿb,

y dks `lddgoimks gbg- `ge 53<9 dl rgdloiÿb qug gxistg gs mg <,33 gd hrlmk mg rgdloiÿb

mg gstl vlriledg gs gxogdgbtg

 

?5

Srkpugstl mg skduoiÿb
 

??

Ugokagbmloikbgs
 

?=

Ug`grgboils

Akbtgrk, N.A. (5338). Ughrgsiÿb y Okrrgdloiÿb _iapdg. Almrim> Slrlbib`k. (pp <7< ‟

<7:). Ugoupgrlmk mg jttp>//hk.hldghrkup.oka/ps/i.mk;im1HLDG

%8OOZ=375<333<<&v15.<&u1ublm&it1r&p1HPUD&sw1w&lsim1e:5o:<g9:

`oo<?0<g<959leg53?o:5<9  
`oo<?0<g<959leg53?o:5<9

Ojurojidd, H.L. (5339). Lbìdisis mg Okrrgdloiÿb y mg Ughrgsiÿb _iapdg. Aéxiok Oity>

Ogbhlhg Dglrbibh. (pp 087 ‟ 0:0). Ugoupgrlmk

mg   jttp>//hk.hldghrkup.oka/ps/i.mk;im1HLDG
mg

%8OOZ=37:9335?5&v15.<&u1ublm&it1r&p1HPUD&sw1w&lsim1g77:<:=gm

:9g78m<<gmg<<0<?=o`og=<
 

?7

Aþdtipdg."  Ibvgstihloiÿb mg agrolmks

Ojurojidd, H.L. (5339). "Lbìdisis mg Ughrgsiÿb Aþdtipdg." Ibvgstihloiÿb agrolmks..

Aéxiok Oity> Ogbhlhg Dglrbibh.(pp 0:0 ‟ 097).Ugoupgrlmk

mg jttp>//hk.hldghrkup.oka/ps/i.mk;im1HLDG

%8OOZ=37:9335?=&v15.<&u1ublm&it1r&p1HPUD&sw1w&lsim1=9787<<5m

 e:0l3ge=0mlg:0eel`8=oe9