Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Adding A Closet in The Corner of A Room
Adding A Closet in The Corner of A Room
12"
Closet pole
32"
Bifold doors
Existing wall
901/2" 32"
RO width
RO height
452 STORAGE
Organizing Closets
A well-organized closet will hold twice the clothing ing your closets for either dual- or single-occupancy,
of an unorganized one. Reorganizing an existing closet using standard bathroom drawer units, closet poles,
can be a one-day project using standard materials. and shelving.
Home centers usually offer several lines of Note that vanity drawer units come in a variety
modular, wire-frame systems, as well as whole books of widths, from 12 to 27 inches. Mix and match the
on the subject. Below are several ideas for reorganiz- widths to fit your existing space.
ONE-PERSON CLOSETS
39"
12", 15", 12", 15",
96"
80"
75"
96"
80"
75"
18", 21", 18", 21",
24", 27" 24", 27"
36"
32"
TWO-PERSON CLOSETS
80"
96"
80"
75"
75"
32"
Heating 16
Americans have learned that energy supplies can no longer be taken for Building Heat Loads 456
granted. No longer is the heating system a neglected, mysterious object in Heating Climate Data 460
the nether regions of our homes that we try not to think about. Winter Heat Sources 462
comfort requires that we have the right type of heating system, properly
Distribution Systems 468
sized to the building heat load.
This chapter begins with a simple form for calculating heat loads, Fuels and Efficiencies 472
both for the coldest day of winter and for the entire winter. We supply Standard Fireplaces 474
the heating climate data specific to your location. Rumford Fireplaces 476
Next, you'll learn how the various heat sources and distribution systems Wood Stove Installation 478
work and the pros and cons of each.
Stovepipe Installation 480
Most of us have considered switching fuels at some time. Some of
us supplement our main heating systems with wood stoves. Fuels and Metal Prefabricated
Chimneys 481
Efficiencies gives you a simple method for comparing the cost per deliv-
ered Btu of all fuels and a chart that shows the fuel savings you can expect Meet the Code 484
if you install a more efficient system.
If you are going to have a fireplace anyway, why not make it as fuel-
efficient as possible? We show detailed, energy-efficient plans for both
standard fireplaces and the more efficient Rumford fireplaces.
For others, a wood stove is a more practical alternative to the fire-
place. Wood Stove Installation and Stovepipe Installation show the fire-
code requirements for stove and stovepipe clearances. It also shows how
to vent a wood stove into an existing fireplace.
If you don't already have a sound and safe masonry flue, the section
on metal prefabricated chimneys will be helpful, showing every detail of six
typical installations.
Finally, we provide you with a checklist to make sure you meet the
IRC code.
455
Building Heat Loads
In designing a building and its equipment, we are Line 7. Use this line if your home sits on a
interested in two types of heat load (rate of heat loss): concrete slab. Use an R-value of 20 if the slab is
Design Heat Load This is the rate at which uninsulated. Add the insulation R-value as shown
heat is lost from the building in British thermal on p. 381 if it is insulated.
units (Btu) per hour on that coldest night when Line 8. Use this line if your home has a basement.
the outside temperature is at the design minimum Use an R-value of 5.0 if the foundation is uninsu-
temperature (DMT) for the location. The number lated. Add the insulation R-value (from Chapter 13)
is used to size the heating system. if the walls are insulated.
Annual Heat Load This is the annual heat Line 9. For air changes per hour, use 1.5 for an
load, the total heat loss in Btu over the entire heat- older drafty house, 0.75 for a typical 10- to 30-year-
ing season. The quantity can be used to estimate the old house, 0.50 for an average new house, and 0.25
annual heating bill in dollars. for a new “green” or "energy-efficient" house. Heated
Use the work sheet on the facing page to esti- volume is 8× the heated floor area.
mate both of these loads for your home. A com- Line 10. Add up all of the numbers appearing in
pleted example work sheet follows on pp. 458-459. the right-hand column above this line.
Line 11. First enter the sum from line 10. Next
Work Sheet Instructions enter 65 minus the design minimum temperature
Line 1. Use line 1 if you have an unheated attic. (DMT 97.5%) from the table on p. 460. Multiply
Find the R-value in Chapter 13, or use a value of 3.0 the entries and enter the result in the right column.
if the attic is totally uninsulated. Your heating contractor can use this result to prop-
Line 2. Use line 2 if the ceiling is also the under- erly size your heating system.
side of the roof. Get the R-value from Chapter 13, Line 12. Enter the sum from line 10. Next find
or use 3.0 if the roof is uninsulated. heating degree-days, base 65°F (HDD 65), from
Line 3. Get the wall R-values from Chapter 13, or either the table of climate data on p. 460 or the map
use 4.0 if the wall is uninsulated. If there are differ- on page 461. Multiply the entries. The result is the
ent wall constructions, use a different line for each total annual heat loss.
type. Subtract window and door areas from each To estimate the amount of fuel used, divide this
wall section. number by 100,000 for gallons of oil; 70,000 per
Line 4. The area of most exterior doors is hundred cubic feet of gas; 3,410 for kilowatt-hours
20 square feet. Use an R-value of 2.0 for solid wood (kwhr) of electric-resistance heat; and 6,830 for an
doors, 3.0 for a wood door plus storm door, and 6.0 electric heat pump. (You will see how to adjust for
for an insulated door. other heating system efficiencies on p. 472.)
Line 5. Window area is the area of the sash, not HDD 65 is used with the assumption that the
just the glazing. A window’s R-value is simply house requires heat when the daily average outdoor
1/U, where U is the window’s U-value. Find your temperature drops below 65°F. If your house gener-
windows’ U-values from the very complete table of ates a lot of internal heat, or retains internal heat
tested U-values on p. 285. gains well, the heat may not come on until the
Line 6. Use this line if your home, or a portion outdoor temperature drops to 55°F, for example. In
of it, sits on piers or over a ventilated crawl space. that case, use HDD 55 from the table.
Get the floor R-values from Chapter 13, or use 5.0
if the floor is uninsulated.
456 HEATING
Work Sheet for Heat Loads
Surface Area, sq ft ÷ R-value = Result
Window (8):
area = 10.5 sq ft Door 1:
R-value = 2.0 area = 40 sq ft
R-value = 3.0
Door 2:
area = 40 sq ft
R-value = 6.0
8'
40'
458 HEATING
Work Sheet for Heat Loads
Surface Area, sq ft ÷ R-value = Result
Exterior wall #2 ÷ =
Exterior wall #3 ÷ =
Exterior wall #4 ÷ =
Exterior wall #5 ÷ =
Exterior wall #6 ÷ =
4. Exterior door #1 20 ÷ 3.0 = 6.7
Exterior door #3 ÷ =
5. Window type #1 84 ÷ 2.0 = 42.0
Window type #2 ÷ =
Window type #3 ÷ =
Window type #4 ÷ =
6. Floor over crawl space 1,200 ÷ 20.9 = 57.4
7. Slab on-grade ÷ =
8. Foundation wall ÷ =
9. Air changes per hr 0.50 x 0.018 x heated volume in cu ft 9,600 = 86.4
12. Annual heat load: Line 10 287.5 × 24 × 5,630 HDD65 = 38,847,000 Btu/yr
460 HEATING
Heating Degree Days, Base 65ºF