BSIG-3.3/4.

3/5/1

Finite and non-finite clause

Identitas
Judul UKBM : Finite and non-finiteClause
NamaSekolah : SMAN 1 JEMBER
Nama Mata Pelajaran : BSIG
Semester :5
AlokasiWaktu : 4 JP
KompetensiDasar :

3.3. Menerapkanfungsisosial, strukturteks, Setelahbela

jar UKB ini,
danunsurkebahasaanteksinteraksitransaksionallisandantulis yang sayabisaap
aya??
melibatkantindakanmemberidanmemintainformasiterkaitketerangan
(circumstance), sesuai dengan konteks penggunaannya.
(Perhatikanunsurkebahasaanklausa finite atau klausa non-finite).

4.3. Menyusunteksinteraksitransaksionallisandantulis yang

melibatkantindakanmemberidanmemintainformasiterkaitketerangan
(circumstance), denganmemperhatikanfungsisosial, strukturteks,
danunsurkebahasaan yang benardansesuaikonteks

TujuanPembelajaran
Melaluimetodediscovery
learningpesertadidikdapatberpikirkritisdankreatifdalammenerapkanteksinterak
sitransaksionallisandantulissederhana yang
melibatkantindakanmemberidanmemintainformasiterkaitketerangan,
danmenanggapinyadengantelitidanhati-hatidenganmemperhatikanfungsisosial,
strukturteks, danunsurkebahasaan yang benarsertaterampildalammenyusunteks
yang
menggunakanungkapanmemberidanmemintainformasiterkaitketerangansertam
enanggapinyasesuaikontekspenggunaannyadenganbenar.

PetaKonsep
 ProsesPembelajaran
PetunjukUmumPenggunaan UKBM
 a) Read and learn the materials
BAGAIMANA
about finite and non-finite
CARA
clausesfrom different sources
BELAJARNYA
b) Complete all the tasks in this
dengan
“UKB” on your own book.
c) You can work individually or with
UKB ini? your friend(s), and if you have
finished with all the tasks, you
may take the formative test and
continue to the next “UKB.”

Pendahuluan
BRAIN STORMING
Sebelummempelajarimateri,
cermatigambarberikutdanjawabpertanyaannya.
Observe the picture and answer the following
questions.

Have you ever written finite and non finite

clauses?
What is the differentiation between two of
them?
How about relative clauses? Have you written
relative clauses?
What do you know about relative clauses?
 WHAT’S After answering the questions above, learn some vocabularies related to the topic.

NEXT? C

Untukmemahamimateri, silahkan Kalian pelajaridahulukosakataberikut.

Read and learn some vocabularies that are usedin this section.

Clauses: Finite and nonfinite clauses

Look at each of these examples. Do they have present tense or past tense? Can we change
the tense?

 She feels sick.

 I was watching TV.

In the first example, we have the present tense verb form feels. We could change to past
tense: She felt sick.

In the second example, the verb phrase was watching contains the past tense form was. We
could change to the present tense: I am watching TV.

These are called finite clauses because they contain finite verbs: verbs in the present tense or
past tense form.

Our examples of finite clauses so far are main clauses: She feels sick and I was watching TV
stand alone as complete sentences. Subordinate clauses, which form part of a larger
sentence, can also be finite:

 I know that she feels sick.

 While I was watching TV, the phone rang.

Compare the examples above with those below which are nonfinite clauses (highlighted).
Can you see a difference in the verb phrases?

 She doesn’t want to feel sick.

 Watching TV, I dozed off.

The highlighted clauses do not contain any tensed verb forms. Nonfinite clauses are usually
subordinate clauses, as in these examples: to feel sick and watching TV could not stand alone
as sentences.

Nonfinite clauses tend to express less information than matching finite clauses. Take this
example:
  I am happy to see you.

We have here the nonfinite clause to see you. Think about this clause on its own. Does it tell
us when the seeing happened? Or who is doing the seeing?

 No, it doesn’t tell us whether the seeing is present or past (unlike the finite clauses I
see you, I saw you). We can only work out the time from the main clause verb (am).
 No, it doesn’t say who is doing the seeing: there is no Subject expressed in this
clause. We have to work out from the main clause that it is ‘I’ (the speaker) doing the
seeing. (If we had He is happy to see you, it would be ‘he’ doing the seeing.)

It is very common for nonfinite clauses to have no Subject. However, some do have a
Subject. For example, in I am happy for you to start without me, you is the Subject of the
nonfinite subordinate clause.

There are three main types of nonfinite clause, corresponding to the three types of nonfinite
verb. Let’s look at an example of each type.

 I’d always wanted to go to Australia.

This is a to-infinitive clause, with tofollowed by the infinitive verb form go.

 Arriving just before lunch, I looked for Harry Frampton in the dining room.

This is an -ing participle clause (also called present participle clause), with the -ing
participle verb form arriving.

 They’ve never improved on the distance covered on that first expedition. [S2B-024 #30]

This is an -ed participle clause (also called past participle clause), with the -ed participle
verb form covered.

To-infinitive clauses are easy to recognize because they have an infinitive verb form
following to. Can you identify the to-infinitive clauses in these examples?

 It only took us about twenty minutes to get here. [S1A-019 #144]

 It only took us about twenty minutes to get here.
 I’d be quite keen to try anything like that. [S1A-035 #57]
 I’d be quite keen to try anything like that.
 Does anyone else want to be nominated? [S1B-079 #50]
 Does anyone else want to be nominated?
 To reach it on foot, you must navigate hundreds of miles across a perishing sub-zero
landscape. [S2B-024 #3]
 To reach it on foot, you must navigate hundreds of miles across a perishing sub-zero
landscape.

It is easy to recognize-ing participle verb forms, as they always end in -ing.

They can occur in finite clauses after a tensed verb: He is/was eating his dinner.
However, in -ing participle clauses, which are nonfinite, there is no tensed verb before the
participle:

 Eating his dinner, he leafed through a magazine.

Can you identify the -ing participle clauses in these examples?

 Thank you for your letter enquiring about vacancies at the Museum shop. [W1B-016 #71]
 Thank you for your letter enquiring about vacancies at the Museum shop.
 I remember being 3-2 down to Liverpool in the semi-final. [W2C-014 #24]
 I remember being 3-2 down to Liverpool in the semi-final.
 I hope you don’t mind sleeping on the floor. [W1B-004 #53]
 I hope you don’t mind sleeping on the floor.
 Overtaking a moving vehicle is more dangerous. [S2A-054 #214]
 Overtaking a moving vehicle is more dangerous.

To recognize-ed participle clauses, we need to remember that an -ed participle form does not
always end in -ed. This is because some verbs are irregular. Examples of irregular -ed
participles occur in the following:

 He has taken it. It was taken.

 He has sold it. It was sold.

In each of those examples the -ed participle occurs in a finite clause, after a tensed verb.

But in -ed participle clauses, which are nonfinite, there is no tensed verb before the
-edparticiple. Here is an example:

 Taken three times a day, these pills should clear the rash.

Now see if you can identify the -edparticiple clauses in these examples:

 This is a diagram of the respiratory system taken from front to back.

 This is a diagram of the respiratory system taken from front to back.
 Compared with London, travel around Brussels is so amazingly hassle-free.
 Compared with London, travel around Brussels is so amazingly hassle-free.
 The evidence given to Cullen was monitored closely.
 The evidence given to Cullen was monitored closely.
 First across the line was East Germany in 1969, followed by West Germany in 1972.
 First across the line was East Germany in 1969, followed by West Germany in 1972.

Key points
A finite clause typically contains a verb in the present tense or past tense form. It can be a
main clause or a subordinate clause, e.g.:

 Kate broke the dish. (main clause)

 They suspect that Kate broke the dish. (subordinate clause)
A nonfinite clause does not contain any present or past tense verb. It is usually a subordinate
clause. There are three main types:

 Kate didn't mean to break the dish. (to-infinitive clause)

 Kate remembers breaking the dish. (-ingparticiple clause)
 They will replace the dish broken by Kate. (-ed participle clause)

To check your understanding on the words, write whether the following sentences
areusing finite or non finite verb.

1. I read a magazine.
2. They asked me to see a dance teacher.
3. Sister is ordering juice.

Main Activity
TASK 1
Read the text below.

Discover the Grammar

Read this passage, and then answer thequestions that follow.

Seema : I am going for the school camping trip.

Wendy : So will I. In fact I saw you write your name on the list.

Seema : I have decided to take my transistor. Carrying it will be no problem.

What kind of verb uses in the text above? Write your answer here!

Answer the following questions.

Do all of those sentences in the dialoguecontain finite and non-finite cluases? Why?
What do you think the purpose of finite and non-finite clauses?
What kinds of verbs are they used?
Do you find the difference functions of sentences on the text above?
If your answer is ‘yes’, answer these questions: how can they be different? In what way
they are different?

Jika kalian mengalamikesulitandalammenjawabpertanyaan di atas,

bacalahpanduanberikut.
In order to help you answer the questions above, read these following guidelines.
1. Read the definition.
2. Find the purpose.
3. Read the usage.
4. Note the pattern used.

Okay, let’s follow the steps.

Finite and Non-Finite Verb 

 Read the sentences given below:

I am writing.

You are writing.

They were writing

The verbs are different in the three sentences. This is because the verb is controlled by the
number, person and tense of the subject. Therefore they are finite verbs.

 A finite verb is controlled by the number of the subject. If the subject is singular, the
verb is singular. If the subject is plural the verb is plural

Example : The boy runs fast. (subject is singular)

The boys run fast. (subject is plural)

 A finite verb is controlled by the person.

Example : I go to the gymnasium on Sunday. (I – First Person)

He goes to the gymnasium on Sunday. (He – Third Person)

 A finite verb is controlled by the tense. It can be in the past, present or future tense.

Example : She lives in Kolkata (Present Tense)

She lived in Kolkata (Past Tense)

 Now read the sentences given below:

I enjoy listening to music.

You enjoy listening to music.

They enjoy listening to music.

The verb 'listening' is not controlled by the number, person and tense of the subject.
Therefore it is a non-finite verb.

Take a look at a few more sentences:

I like to swim every evening.

He likes to swim every evening

They liked to swim every evening.

The verb 'swim' remains unchanged whatever be the person, number and tense of the subject.

On reading these sentences we see that some non-finite verbs end with -ing and some have to
before them.

Non -finite verbs are of three kinds :

1. Infinitives
2. Participles
3. Gerunds

1. Infinitive.
Read the given sentences:

I like to sing

She tried to help the old man.

'To sing' and 'to find' are infinitives.

The infinitive is the base form of the verb and it often has 'to' before it.

After certain verbs, such as bid, let, make, need, dare, see, hear, the infinitive is used without
'to'

Example : Let us go for a picnic.

She saw her brother win the race.

He makes me read the lesson aloud.

 Infinitives can be used to join sentences. Look at the examples given below.

Ravi spoke the truth.

He was not afraid to do so.

These two sentences can be combined to form one sentence:

Ravi was not afraid to speak the truth.

We see that one of the main verbs 'spoke' is changed into the infinitive 'to speak' and used to
combine the sentences.

Take a look at another example.

He remained inside the burning house. He wanted to rescue all the children.

This pair of sentences will change to :

He remained inside the burning house to rescue all the children.

We see that an infinitive 'to rescue' which was already present in one of the sentences has
been used to combine the sentences.

2. Participles
A participle is a form of a verb that is used in a sentence to modify a noun, noun phrase,
verb, or verb phrase, and then plays a role similar to an adjective or adverb. It is one of the
types of nonfinite verb forms.

The two types of participle in English are traditionally called the present participle (forms
such as writing, singing and raising) and the past participle (forms such as written, sung and
raised).

The Present Participle

Even though they look exactly the same, gerunds and present participles do different things.
As we just learned, the gerund acts as a noun: e.g., “I like sleeping“; “Sleeping is not
allowed.” Present participles, on the other hand, act similarly to an adjective or adverb: e.g.,
“The sleeping girl over there is my sister”; “Breathing heavily, she finished the race in first
place.”

The present participle, or participial phrases (clauses) formed from it, are used as follows:

 as an adjective phrase modifying a noun phrase: The man sitting over there is my uncle.
 adverbially, the subject being understood to be the same as that of the main clause: Looking
at the plans, I gradually came to see where the problem lay.He shot the man, killing him.
 more generally as a clause or sentence modifier: Broadly speaking, the project was
successful.

The present participle can also be used with the helping verb to be to form a type of present
tense: Martawas sleeping. (We’ll discuss this further in Text: Complex Verb Tenses.) This is
something we learned a little bit about in helping verbs and tense. 
The Past Participle

Past participles often look very similar to the simple past tense of a
verb: finished, danced, etc. However, some verbs have different forms. Reference lists will
be your best help in finding the correct past participle. Here is one such list
of participles.Here’s a short list of some of the most common irregular past participles you’ll
use:

Verb Simple Past Past Participle

to be was/were been
to become became become
to do Did done
to go went gone
to know knew know
to see Saw seen
to speak spoke spoken
to take Took taken
to write wrote written

Past participles are used in a couple of different ways:

 as an adjective phrase: The chicken eaten by the children was contaminated.

 adverbially: Seen from this perspective, the problem presents no easy solution.
 in a nominative absolute construction, with a subject: The task finished, we returned home.

The past participle can also be used with the helping verb to have to form a type of past tense
(which we’ll talk about in Text: Complex Verb Tenses): The chicken has eaten. It is also
used to form the passive voice: Tianna was voted as most likely to succeed. When the
passive voice is used following a relative pronoun (like that or which) we sometimes leave
out parts of the phrase:

 He had three things that were taken away from him

 He had three things taken away from him

In the second sentence, we removed the words that were. However, we still use the past
participle taken. The removal of these words is called elision. Elision is used with a lot of
different constructions in English; we use it shorten sentences when things are understood.
However, we can only use elision in certain situations, so be careful when removing words!

3. Gerunds
Gerunds all end in -ing: skiing, reading, dancing, singing, etc. Gerunds act like nouns and
can serve as subjects or objects of sentences. They can be created using active or helping
verbs:

 I like swimming.
  Being loved can make someone feel safe.
 Do you fancy going out?
 Having read the book once before makes me more prepared.

Often the “doer” of the gerund is clearly signaled:

 We enjoyed singing yesterday (we ourselves sang)

 Tomás likes eating apricots (Tomás himself eats apricots)

However, sometimes the “doer” must be overtly specified, typically in a position immediately
before the non-finite verb:

 We enjoyed their singing.
 We were delighted at Bianca being awarded the prize.

Quick Recap

 Finite verbs are controlled by the number, person and tense of the subject.
 Non-finite verbs are not controlled by the number, person and tense of the subject
 There are three kinds of non-finite verbs : Infinitives, Participles and Gerunds.
 Participles and Gerunds may be similar in form as both end with –ing.
 Infinitives are usually preceded by 'to'. However there are infinitives that are not
preceded by 'to'.

 Infinitives can be used to combine sentences

TASK 2

A. Pick out the finite verbs in the following sentences:

1. She kept the plates in the sink.

2. Looking at both sides, he crossed the street.
3. The curtain is flying in the wind.
4. Many of us will sign the petition.
5. They are eager to join our club.
6. It was raining heavily when I left.
7. Rolling stones gather no moss.
8. I have requested him to come.
9. I enjoy reading books.
10. Alighting from the aircraft she switched her mobile phone on.

B. Read the sentences given below and state whether the highlighted verbs are finite
or non-finite:

1. He was drawing a picture in his notebook.

2. He wanted to draw a cartoon.
3. Keeping her bag on the floor, she ran out.
4. They wanted to meet the head teacher.
5. I polish the silver ear-rings regularly.
6. The weeping woman appealed for help.
7. She had spoken the truth, but we had found it hard to believe her.

C. Pick out the infinitives in the given sentences:

1. To find fault is easy.

2. I did not want to scare him.
3. The best course of action would be to take leave.
4. She phoned to speak to my father.
5. In order to get a job he left college.
6. He had no choice but to travel to Chennai.
7. The young man rose to address the gathering.

D. Pick out the infinitives in the given sentences:

1. They need not cook today.

2. He bid me sing a song.
3. Let them draw whatever they want.
4. The children saw her buy food.
5. She is making him revise the lesson.
6. They heard her speak to the policeman on duty.
7. I dared not look into the room.

E. Combine each pair of sentences by using an infinitive.

1. We started running. We wanted to reach the station on time.

2. Every school has a Principal. He decides how the school will function.
3. The old man gave his servant one thousand rupees. He wanted to reward him for his
faithful service.
4. He is determined to attain a high post. He works day and night for that purpose.
5. She collects old cook books from various parts of India. This is her hobby.
6. They must write a letter of apology. That is the only way to avoid punishment.
7. She goes to the hospital every day. She is always willing to look after needy patients.

F. Identify the participles in the following sentences, as well as the functions they
perform:

1. Tucker had always wanted a pet dog.

2. Rayssa was practicing her flute when everything suddenly went wrong.
3. Having been born in the 1990s, Amber often found herself surrounded by nostalgia.

G. Identify the gerunds and their roles in the following sentences:

1. Sam was really bad at gardening.

2. Studying is one of Jazz’s favorite things to do.

EVALUATION FOR TASK 1 & 2

Check your understanding by answering the following questions.
 1. Explain using your own word: what are finite and non-finite clauses?
______________________________________________________________________________________
2. From the reading as well as the examples of finite and non-finite clauses, identify
the function!
______________________________________________________________________________________
3. From the reading as well as the examples of the sentences, identify the
differentiation betweenfinite and non-finite clauses.
______________________________________________________________________________________
4. From the reading as well as the examples of the sentences provided, analyze the
verb used.
______________________________________________________________________________________
5. From the reading as well as the examples of the sentences provided, identify
thedifferentiation between finite and non-finite verb.
______________________________________________________________________________________

If you have done with the evaluation for UKB1 task 1&2 above, you may continue to
UKB2 task 3.

TASK 3

GET IT DONE!!!
What do you understand about finite and non-finite clauses so far?
What verbs do you usually used inthose clauses?

THE RELATIVE CLAUSE

Recognize a relative clause when you see one.

A relative clause—also called an adjective or adjectival clause—will meet three

requirements.

• First, it will contain a subject and verb

• Next, it will begin with a relative pronoun [who, whom, whose, that, or which] or a
relative adverb [when, where, or why].

• Finally, it will function as an adjective, answering the questions What kind? How
many? or Which one?

The relative clause will follow one of these two patterns:

Here are some examples:

 Which Francine did not accept

Which = relative pronoun; Francine = subject; did accept = verb [not, an adverb, is not
officially part of the verb].

 Where George found Amazing Spider-Man #96 in fair condition

Where = relative adverb; George = subject; found = verb.

 That dangled from the one clean bathroom towel

That = relative pronoun functioning as subject; dangled = verb.

 Who continued to play video games until his eyes were blurry with fatigue

Who = relative pronoun functioning as subject; played = verb.

Avoid creating a sentence fragment.

A relative clause does not express a complete thought, so it cannot stand alone as

a sentence. To avoid writing a fragment, you must connect each relative clause to

a main clause.

Read the examples below. Notice that the relative clause follows the word that it

describes.

o To calm his angry gir lfriend, Joey offered an apology which Francine did not
accept .
o We tried our luck at the same f lea market where George found Amazing Spider
-Man #96 in fair condition.
o Michelle screamed when she saw the spider that dangled f rom the one clean
bathroom towel .
o Brian said goodnight to his roommate Just in, who continued to play video games
until his eyes were blurry with fatigue .

Punctuate a relative clause correctly.

Punctuating relative clauses can be tricky. For each sentence, you will have to decide

if the relative clause is essential or nonessential and then use commas

accordingly.

Essential clauses do not require commas. A relative clause is essential when you

need the information it provides.

Look at this example:

o The children who skateboard in the street are especially noisy inthe early
evening.

Children is nonspecific. To know which ones we are talking about, we must have the

information in the relative clause. Thus, the relative clause is essential and requires

no commas.

If, however, we eliminate children and choose more specific nouns instead, the

relative clause becomes nonessential and does require commas to separate it from

the rest of the sentence.

Read this revision:

o Mat thew and his sister Loret ta, who skateboard in the street, are especially
noisy in the early evening.

EXERCISES.

I. Choose the correct relative pronoun (who, which, whose).

1. This is the man _______________ saved the kid.

2. The house _______________windows are open is beautiful..
3. The writer _______________ wrote that article won the Nobel Prize.
4. He bought a car _______________ runs fast.
5. He was wearing a cap _______________ was black.

II. Re write these sentences using relative clauses. Number one has been done for you.

Use who, whose and which.

1. A lion is an animal. It is very strong. 

Answer:A lion is an animal which is very strong .

2. A novelist is a person. He writes novels.

 Answer:

3. A bottle opener is a device. It opens bottles 

Answer:

4. The girl speaks Chinese. Her mother write poems.

Answer:

5. A detective is someone. He discovers the truth about crimes. 

Answer:

Writing Checklist.
Setelahmenyusunsebuahteksconversation di kegiatanbelajar 3,
silahkancektulisanKalianmenggunakan checklist di bawahini.

Mention finite, non-finite clauses and relative clause.

Mention finite and non-finite verb.

Use correct construction of the sentences.

All of the words are spelled correctly (correct spelling).

Use appropriate punctuation (comma, full-stop, etc.) and capitalization.

Have neat writing.

Semuapoin di atasharustercentang. Jikaada yang belum,

revisikembalitulisanKaliandanlakukanpengecekanulang.

EVALUATION FOR TASK3

Check your understanding by answering the following questions.
1. Howcan youuse finite, non-finite and relative clauses in your daily life?
__________________________________________________________________________________________
2. Howcan you write the sentences?
__________________________________________________________________________________________
3. Why do people use finite, non-finite and relative clauses?
__________________________________________________________________________________________
6. How is the language used?
__________________________________________________________________________________________

Closing
 BagaimanaKaliansekarang?
SetelahKalianbelajarbertahapdanberlanjutmelaluikegiatanbelajar 1, 2,dan 3,
berikutdiberikanTabeluntukmengukurdiriKalianterhadapmateri yang
sudahKalianpelajari. Jawablahsejujurnyaterkaitdenganpenguasaanmateripada
UKB ini di Tabelberikut.

TabelRefleksiDiriPemahamanMateri
No Pertanyaan Ya Tidak
1. ApakahKaliantelahmemahamifinite, non-finite and
relative clauses?
2. DapatkahKalianmenjelaskanfungsinya?
3. DapatkahKalianmenyusunsendirikalimatdengan
finite, non-finite and relative clauses?

Jika menjawab “TIDAK” padasalahsatupertanyaan di atas, maka pelajarilah

kembali materi tersebut dalam sumber belajar yang disarankan di
“MateriPembelajaran” sertasumber lain yang
relevan,pelajariulangkegiatanbelajar 1, 2, atau 3 yang
sekiranyaperluKalianulangdenganbimbingan Guru atautemansejawat.
Janganputusasauntukmengulanglagi!

Penghargaan
Jika kalian sudah memahami semua dan mampu menjawab pertanyaan
dengan benar maka kalian Hebat.

Cek List PemahamanMateri

No Pertanyaan Ya Tidak

1. Muridmampumemahamifungsisocial conditional
sentencesdalamteksinteraksitransaksional

2. Muridmampumengidentifikasiunsurkebahasaan conditional
sentencesdalamteksinteraksitransaksional

3. Muridmampumelengkapiteksinteraksitransaksionalrumpangde
nganmenggunakanconditional sentences yang tepat.

4. Muridmampumenuliskalimat conditional
sentencesdanmempresentasikandengantepat
 5. Muridmampumenjawabsemuasoal-soalmatericonditional
sentencesdenganbenar yang ada di e-UKBM.

Iniadalahbagianakhirdari UKBM materiteksconditional

sentencesdalamteksinteraksitransaksional, mintalahtesformatifkepada Guru
kaliansebelumbelajarke UKBM berikutnya.

Keep Spirit and Wish You All the Best

DaftarPustaka
KementrianPendidikandanKebudayaanRepublik Indonesia, 2017. Bahasa InggrisEdisirevisi.