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The following diagram represents the Born Haber cycle for the

formation of compound MX(s). The associated enthalpy changes in kJ


mol–1 for the cycle above are as follows: ∆H M(s) = + 86; ∆H M(g) = +
408; ∆H (MX(s)) = – 431; ∆H X2 = + 122; ∆H X(g) = –372 (i) State
Hess’ Law of heat
summation. .................................................................................................
................................ ....................................................................................
............................................. [1 mark] (ii) Define standard enthalpy
change of
formation. ...................................................................................................
............................. .......................................................................................
......................................... [1 mark] (iii) Which enthalpy values
correspond to EACH of the stages I, III and IV in the cycle
above? ........................................................................................................
......................... ...........................................................................................
...................................... [3 marks] (iv) Define lattice
energy. ........................................................................................................
......................... ...........................................................................................
...................................... [1 mark] - 7 - GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE
02112020/CAPE/SPEC 2017 ‘‘*’’Barcode Area”*” Sequential Bar
Code DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS
AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA (v) Calculate the lattice
energy of MX(s). [3 marks] (d) Account for the difference in the lattice
energy for MgCl2 (s) and
NaCl(s). ......................................................................................................
........................................ ............................................................................
.................................................................. ..................................................
........................................................................................... .........................
....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
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.................................................. ..................................................................
........................................................................... [4 marks] (e) Explain
why the molar enthalpy changes for the following reactions have
identical values. HCl (aq) + NaOH (aq) → NaCl (aq) + H2 O (l) H2 SO4
(aq) + 2KOH (aq) → K2 SO4 (aq) + 2H2 O
(l) ...............................................................................................

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