Lesson 1

Changes of State

Lesson 2
Mixtures

Lesson 3
Compounds and Chemical Changes

What causes
Lesson 4
matter to change? Acids, Bases and Salts
physical change
sublimation
melting point
boiling point
freezing point
thermal expansion
thermal
contraction
 How can matter change state?

freeze condense
solid liquid gas

melt evaporate

temperature
 When does matter change states?

solid
liquid
boiling
point gas

Temperature
in °C

melting
point

solid solid liquid liquid and gas gas

and
liquid
What are expansion and contraction?

100°C

50°C
Main Idea

What would happen to a sample of water at

30˚ C. If it is heated until the temperature
reaches 120˚C?

As temperature increased, the water

would expand and more water would
evaporate. At 100˚C (212˚F), the water
would boil into gaseous water.
Beyond 100˚C, all of the water would
be a gas that would keep expanding.
 Vocabulary

The _______________ is the temperature at

which a substance melts.
The _______________ is the temperature at
which a substance boils.
_________________
Thermal contraction is the decrease in an
object’s volume due to a change in heat.
The form of an object is altered without
changing what type of matter it is in a
_______________.
thermal contraction melting point
physical change boiling point
Vocabulary

The ________________ is the temperature at

which a substance freezes.
________________
Thermal expansion is the increase in volume of
an object that changes as it gains heat.
________________
Sublimation is the change of state
directly from solid to gas.

freezing point sublimation thermal expansion

 Is it a bad idea to put a glass bottle
Fact or full of water in a freezer? Support
Opinion your opinion with facts.

Water It is a bad
expands as idea to put
it freezes a glass
and will bottle filled
break the with water
glass. in the
freezer. End of Lesson
mixture
colloid
solution
solute
solvent
alloy
solubility
distillation
What are mixtures

A mixture is a physical
combination of substances.
 What are solutions?

A solution is a mixture
with parts that blend so
that it looks the same
everywhere.
How can you take mixtures apart?
How are mixture used?
Main Idea

What would tell you if a sample of matter is a

mixture?

If the parts have their own properties and can

be separated by physical means.
 Vocabulary

A ___________ is a physical combination of

substances.
A ___________ is a mixture with parts that blend
so that it looks the same everywhere, even under
a microscope.
__________
Distillation is the process of separating liquids
by using evaporation and condensation.
A ___________ is the part of the solution in the
larger amount that dissolves the other substance.

solution mixture distillation solvent

 Vocabulary

__________
Solubility is the maximum amount of a solute
that can dissolve in a solvent.
A ____________ is the part of a solution in the
smaller amount and that is dissolved.
An __________ is a solution of a metal and
another solid (often a metal).
A ___________ is a mixture like a suspension,
except that its parts do not settle.

alloy solute colloid solubility

 Why would mixtures of gases
Making rarely form colloids?
Inferences

Clues What I Know What I Infer

Gas particles They mix too Gases rarely
are smaller easily into form colloids.
than particles solutions.
in colloids.

End of Lesson
compound
chemical
change
reactant
product
precipitate
 What are compounds?

+ =
sodium
sodium chloride
chlorine (table salt)
What are chemical changes?

A chemical change
occurs when atoms
link together in new
ways to create a
substance different
from the original
substances.
How can you spot a chemical change?

releases gas

forms tarnish
How can you use chemical changes?
Main Idea

What happens to the atoms in compounds

when they undergo a chemical change?

Atoms link in new arrangements

during a chemical change.
 Vocabulary
The chemicals on the left side of a chemical equation are
called ________________.
A ________________ occurs when atoms link together in
new ways to create a substance different from the original
substances.
A ________________ is formed by the combination of two
or more elements.
A ________________ is a solid formed from the chemical
reaction of two solutions.
The chemicals on the right side of a chemical equation are
called ________________.
precipitate chemical change reactants
products compound
 What would happen if you
Draw
removed one of the reactants
Conclusions
during a chemical reaction?

Removed one The chemical reaction

reactant during a would stop.
chemical reaction.

End of Lesson
acid
ion
base
acidity
alkalinity
neutralization
electrolyte
 What are acids and bases?

Acid Base

tastes sour and burns if you touch it tastes bitter

turns blue litmus to red feels soapy

reacts with metals to make hydrogen turns red litmus to blue

gas
How can indicators identify acids and bases?

acid base
 What are salts?

A salt is any compound made

of positive and negative ions.

+ +

hydrochloric sodium sodium chloride water

acid hydroxide (table salt)

acid base salt

Main Idea

How can you tell acids and bases

apart?

Examine their chemical properties:

sour vs. bitter, litmus paper change,
reaction with metal vs. reaction with
fats.
Vocabulary

______________
Bases taste bitter and feel soapy.
Atoms or molecules that have gained or lost
electrons are called ____________.
____________
Alkalinity is the strength of a base.
____________
Neutralization occurs when acids and bases
react to form salt and water.

alkalinity neutralization bases ions

Vocabulary

____________
Acidity is the strength of an acid.
____________
Acids taste sour and burn if you touch
them.
If a substance forms ions in water it is called an
___________.

acids electrolyte acidity

 What substance in your
Summarize kitchen are acids and bases?
Acids Bases
vinegar baking soda in water

lemon juice milk of magnesia

cream of tartar solution liquid soap

juice from an onion milk

cola herbal tea

End of Lesson
ion (ī ΄әn) An electrically charged atom or
molecule with unequal numbers of protons and
electrons (p. 554)
acidity (ә·sid΄i·tē) The strength of an acid.
(p. 556)