Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
National Capital Region
Schools Division Office – Caloocan City

MATHEMATICS 9

Quarter 1 Week 7
Module
 MATHEMATICS 9 QUARTER 1 Week 7

NAME: ____________________________________ GR & SEC: _____________________

Competency:
The learner transforms quadratic function defined by 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 into the form 𝑦 = 𝑎(𝑥 − ℎ)2 + 𝑘.
(M9AL-lh-1)

To the Learners

Before starting the module, I want you to set aside other task that will disturb you while
enjoying the lessons. Read the instructions below to successfully enjoy the objectives of this kit.
Have fun!
1. Follow carefully all the contents and instructions indicated in every page of the module.
2. Writing enhances learning. Keep this in mind and take note of important concepts on your
notebook.
3. Perform all the provided activities in the module.
4. Let your facilitator/guardian assess your answers using the key card.
5. Analyze the post-test and apply what you have learned.
6. Enjoy studying!

Expectations

This module is designed to help you transform quadratic function defined by y = 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐

into the form 𝑦 = 𝑎(𝑥 − ℎ)2 + 𝑘.
After going through this module, you are expected to:
1. Demonstrate the different ways of transforming the quadratic function from 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 into
the vertex form 𝑦 = 𝑎(𝑥 − ℎ)2 + 𝑘;
2. Identify the value of h and k in the function y = a (𝑥 − ℎ)2 + k; and
3. Transform the quadratic function defined by 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 into the vertex form 𝑦 = 𝑎(𝑥 − ℎ)2 + 𝑘.

SUSAN J. BALIGOD
MATH 9 QUARTER 1 WEEK 7 P a g e 1|9
 Pre-test

Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write the letter on your answer sheet.
1. Which of the following equation is the vertex form of quadratic function 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 ?
a. 𝑦 = 𝑎(𝑥 − ℎ)2 + 𝑘 c. 𝑦 = 𝑎(𝑥 − ℎ) + 𝑘
b. 𝑦 = 𝑎(𝑥 − 𝑘) + 𝑘
2 d. 𝑦 = 𝑎(𝑥 − 𝑘) + ℎ
2. What is the vertex of the function described by 𝑦 = 2(𝑥 + 2)2 − 3?
a. (2, 2) c. (-2, -3)
b. (2, -3) d. (2, -2)
3. Which of the following quadratic functions is in the vertex form?
a. 2𝑦 = 𝑥 2 + 1 c. 𝑦 = (𝑥 + 3)2 + 5
b. 𝑦 = 2𝑥 2 + 4𝑥– 1 d. 𝑦 = (𝑥 2 – 4)– 2
4. In the quadratic function 𝑦 = 3(𝑥 − 1)2 + 2, what is the value of ℎ?
a. 1 c. 2
b. -1 d. 3
5. What is the vertex form of quadratic function 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 8?
a. 𝑓(𝑥) = (𝑥 + 4)2 − 4 c. 𝑓(𝑥) = ( 𝑥 − 2)2 + 4
b. 𝑓(𝑥) = (𝑥 − 4)2 + 4 d. 𝑓(𝑥) = (𝑥 + 2)2 − 4

Looking Back at your Lesson

In your previous lessons you have learned how to solve quadratic equations by using the
method of completing the square.
Example:
Solve 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥– 3 = 0
Solution:
𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 = 3 Add the constant term to both sides of the
equation
1
𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 1 = 3 + 1 Add to both sides the value of ( 𝑏)2 which is
2
1
[ (2)]2 = 1
2
(𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 1) = 4 Simplify both sides of the equation
(𝑥 + 1)2 = 4 Factor the perfect square trinomial
√(𝑥 + 1)2 = √4 Find the square root of both sides of the equation.

SUSAN J. BALIGOD
MATH 9 QUARTER 1 WEEK 7 P a g e 2|9
 𝑥 + 1 = ±√4 Solve for x.
𝑥 = −1 ± 2
𝑥 = 1 𝑜𝑟 𝑥 = −3
To practice what you have learned from those lessons, answer the given activity below.
Solve the following quadratic equation by completing the square.
Given Answer
2 𝑥 = 1 𝑜𝑟 𝑥 = −3
Example: 𝑥 + 2𝑥 − 3 = 0
1. 𝑥 + 4𝑥 − 12 = 0
2

2. 𝑥 2 − 10𝑥 + 16 = 0
3. 𝑥 2 + 16𝑥 − 36 = 0
4. 𝑥 2 + 12𝑥 + 32 = 0
5. 𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 − 7 = 0

Introduction to the Topic

Lesson 1: Transforming Quadratic Functions from 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒂𝒙𝟐 + 𝒃𝒙 + 𝒄 into the

Vertex Form 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝒂(𝒙 − 𝒉)𝟐 + 𝒌

Completing the square is a very useful tool or method to rewrite the quadratic
equation of the form 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 also known as the “standard form” into the
form 𝑦 = 𝑎(𝑥 − ℎ)2 + 𝑘.
In this lesson, the quadratic function of the form 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑎(𝑥 − ℎ)2 + 𝑘 will be
introduced. This form is known as the vertex form. Expressing quadratic functions
in the vertex form is basically just changing the format of the equation to give us
different information, namely the vertex. This is most convenient when working with
problems about the vertex of the graph of the quadratic function.

 A quadratic function can be written in the general form 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐, where 𝑎, 𝑏, and 𝑐
are real numbers and 𝑎 ≠ 0 or the vertex form 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑎(𝑥 − ℎ)2 + 𝑘, where (ℎ, 𝑘) are the
coordinates of the vertex.
 The quadratic function 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 can be transformed into vertex form
𝑦 = 𝑎(𝑥 − ℎ)2 + 𝑘 by using the process of completing the square or using the following formula:
−𝑏 4𝑎𝑐−𝑏2
ℎ= and 𝑘=
2𝑎 4𝑎

Derivation of the Vertex Form

To transform 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 into the vertex form 𝑦 = 𝑎(𝑥 − ℎ)2 + 𝑘, we do as follows:

Solutions Steps
𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 Standard form
= (𝑎2 + 𝑏𝑥) + 𝑐 Group the first two terms
𝑏 Factor out 𝑎 from the first two terms.
= 𝑎(𝑥 2 + 𝑥) + 𝑐
𝑎
𝑏 𝑏2 𝑏2 Complete the expression in the
= 𝑎(𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 2 ) + 𝑐 −
𝑎 4𝑎 4𝑎 parenthesis to make it a perfect square
trinomial by
𝑏 𝑏
dividing by 2 :
𝑎 2𝑎
𝑏2
squaring the quotient:
4𝑎2

SUSAN J. BALIGOD
MATH 9 QUARTER 1 WEEK 7 P a g e 3|9
 𝑏2
adding in the parenthesis and
4𝑎2
subtracting it from the constant c
𝑏 2 4𝑎𝑐 − 𝑏2 Express the perfect square as a square of a binomial and
= 𝑎(𝑥 + ) +
2𝑎 4𝑎 then simplify.

𝑏 2 4𝑎𝑐−𝑏2 𝑏 2 4𝑎𝑐−𝑏2
Hence, the vertex form 𝑦 = 𝑎( 𝑥 + ) + can also be written as 𝑦 = 𝑎(𝑥 − − ) + .
2𝑎 4𝑎 2𝑎 4𝑎

Since the vertex form of a quadratic function is 𝑦 = 𝑎(𝑥 – ℎ)2 + 𝑘 and the derived form is
𝑏 2 4𝑎𝑐−𝑏2
𝑦 = 𝑎(𝑥 − − ) + , then this suggests that:
2𝑎 4𝑎
−𝑏 4𝑎𝑐−𝑏2
ℎ= and 𝑘=
2𝑎 4𝑎

Example 1: Transform 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 − 8𝑥 + 10 into the form 𝑦 = 𝑎(𝑥 − ℎ)2 + 𝑘 and give the values of ℎ and 𝑘.

Solution 1: By Completing the Square

𝑦 = 𝑥 2 − 8𝑥 + 10
y = (𝑥 2 - 8x) + 10 Group the first two terms

𝑦 = (𝑥 2 − 8𝑥) + 10
Factor out a, hence a = 1

Complete the expression in parenthesis

to make it a perfect square trinomial by
𝑦 = (𝑥 2 − 8𝑥 + 16) + 10– 16 adding the constant ( 𝑏)2 =
1
2
1
[ (−8)]2 = (−4)2 = 16 and subtracting
2
the same value to the constant term

Factor the perfect square trinomial and

𝑦 = (𝑥 − 4)2 – 6
write it as a square of binomial

Therefore, ℎ = 4 and 𝑘 = −6.

Solution 2: By using the following formula

−𝑏 4𝑎𝑐−𝑏2
ℎ= 𝑘=
2𝑎 4𝑎

𝑦 = 𝑥 2 − 8𝑥 + 10
𝑎=1 𝑏 = −8 𝑐 = 10

−𝑏 4𝑎𝑐−𝑏2
ℎ = 𝑘 =
2𝑎 4𝑎

−(−8) 4(1)(10)−(−8)2
ℎ = 𝑘 =
2(1) 4(1)

8 40−64
ℎ = 𝑘 =
2 4

−24
𝒉 = 𝟒 𝑘 =
4

𝒌 = −𝟔

SUSAN J. BALIGOD
MATH 9 QUARTER 1 WEEK 7 P a g e 4|9
Substitute the value of ℎ and 𝑘 in 𝑦 = 𝑎 (𝑥 − ℎ)2 + 𝑘. We obtain 𝑦 = (𝑥 − 4)2 − 6

Example 2: Transform 𝑦 = 2𝑥 2 + 4𝑥– 3 in the form

𝑦 = 𝑎(𝑥 − ℎ)2 + 𝑘 and give the values of ℎ and 𝑘

Solution 1: By Completing the Square

𝑦 = 2𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 – 3
𝑦 = (2𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 ) – 3 Group the first two terms

𝑦 = 2(𝑥 2 + 2𝑥) – 3
Factor out a. Hence, a = 2

Complete the expression in parenthesis

𝑦 = 2(𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 1) – 3 – 2
𝑦 = 2( 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 1 ) – 5
to make it a perfect square trinomial by
1 1
adding the constant ( 𝑏)2 = [ (2)]2 =
2 2
(1)2 = 1 and subtracting 2(1) = 2 to the
constant term

Factor the perfect square trinomial and

𝑦 = 2 ( 𝑥 + 1 )2 – 5
write it as a square of binomial

Thus, ℎ = −1 and 𝑘 = −5

Solution 2: By using the following formula

−𝑏 4𝑎𝑐−𝑏2
ℎ = 𝑘 =
2𝑎 4𝑎

From the equation = 2𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 – 3 , we have

𝑎 = 2 𝑏 = 4 𝑐 = −3

−𝑏 4𝑎𝑐−𝑏2
ℎ = 𝑘 =
2𝑎 4𝑎

−4 4(2)(−3)−(4)2
ℎ = 𝑘 =
2(2) 4(2)

−4 −24−16
ℎ = 𝑘 =
4 8

−40
𝑘 =
8
𝒉 = −𝟏
𝒌 = −𝟓

Substitute the value of ℎ and 𝑘 in 𝑦 = 𝑎 (𝑥 − ℎ)2 + 𝑘

We obtain 𝑦 = (𝑥 + 1)2 − 5

Example 3: Transform 𝑦 = 2𝑥 2 – 6𝑥 + 2 in the form

𝑦 = 𝑎 (𝑥 − ℎ)2 + 𝑘 and give the values of ℎ and 𝑘

Solution 1: By Completing the Square

𝑦 = 2𝑥 2 – 6𝑥 + 2
𝑦 = (2𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 ) + 2 Group the first two terms

𝑦 = 2(𝑥 2 − 3𝑥) + 2
Factor out a. Hence, 𝑎 = 2

SUSAN J. BALIGOD
MATH 9 QUARTER 1 WEEK 7 P a g e 5|9
 Complete the expression in parenthesis
to make it a perfect square trinomial by
9 9
𝑦 = 2( 𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 + ) + 2 – 1
adding the constant ( 𝑏)2 = [ (−3)]2 =
1
4 2 2 2
−3 9 9 9
( )2 = and subtracting 2( ) = to the
2 4 4 2
constant term

3 2 5 Factor the perfect square trinomial and

𝑦 = 2(𝑥− ) –
2 2 write it as a square of binomial

3 −5
Thus, ℎ = 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑘 =
2 2

Solution 2: By using the following formula

−𝑏 4𝑎𝑐−𝑏2
ℎ = 𝑘 =
2𝑎 4𝑎

𝑦 = 2𝑥 2 – 6𝑥 + 2
From the equation, we have
𝑎 = 2 𝑏 = −6 𝑐 = 2

−𝑏 4𝑎𝑐−𝑏2
ℎ = 𝑘 =
2𝑎 4𝑎

−(−6) 4(2)(2)−(6)2
ℎ = 𝑘 =
2(2) 4(2)

6 16−36
ℎ = 𝑘 =
4 8

𝟑 −20
𝒉 = 𝑘 =
𝟐 8

−𝟓
𝒌 =
𝟐

Substituting the value of ℎ and 𝑘 in 𝑦 = 𝑎 (𝑥 − ℎ)2 + 𝑘

3 2 𝟓
We obtain 𝑦 = ( 𝑥 − ) − .
2 𝟐

Activity 1. Demonstrate Me!

Transform the following quadratic functions into the form 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑎 (𝑥 − ℎ)2 + 𝑘.
A. by Completing the Square
1. 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 + 14
𝑓(𝑥) = (________) + 14
𝑓(𝑥) = ( 𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 + ___) + 14 − ____
𝑓(𝑥) = ( 𝑥 + ____)2 + _____

2. 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 2 + 8𝑥– 1
𝑓(𝑥) = ( _________ ) – 1

SUSAN J. BALIGOD
MATH 9 QUARTER 1 WEEK 7 P a g e 6|9
 𝑓(𝑥) = 2 ( 𝑥 2 + ___ ) − 1
𝑓(𝑥) = 2 (𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + ____ ) − 1 – 2(4)
𝑓(𝑥) = 2 ( 𝑥 + 2 )2 − 1 – 8
𝑓(𝑥) = 2 (_________ ) 2 − ____

3. 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 – 4𝑥 + 7
𝑓(𝑥) = ( _______ ) + 7
𝑓(𝑥) = ( 𝑥 2 – 4𝑥 + ____ ) + 7 − ____
𝑓(𝑥) = (_______ )2 + _____

B. by Formula

4. 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 + 10 5. 𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 + 8
−𝑏 4𝑎𝑐−𝑏2 −𝑏 4𝑎𝑐−𝑏2
ℎ= 𝑘= ℎ= 𝑘=
2𝑎 4𝑎 2𝑎 4𝑎

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
= = = =
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

−6 ( ) ( ) ( )
= or _____ = or 1 = or -1 = or 5
2 ( ) ( ) ( )

𝑓(𝑥) = (________)2 + _______ 𝑓(𝑥) = 3(________)2 + _______

Activity 2: Match Me!

Match the given quadratic functions 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 under Column A to its equivalent
vertex form 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑎 (𝑥 − ℎ)2 + 𝑘 under Column B.

Column A Column B

1. 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 2 + 20𝑥 + 20 A. 𝑓(𝑥) = ( 𝑥 + 4 )2 – 4

2. 𝑓(𝑥) = 4𝑥 2 − 8𝑥 – 6 B. 𝑓(𝑥) = 4( 𝑥 − 1 )2 – 10

3. 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 8𝑥 + 12 C. 𝑓(𝑥) = 2( 𝑥 + 5 )2 − 30

4. 𝑓(𝑥) = 5𝑥 2 – 10𝑥 + 9 D. 𝑓(𝑥) = ( 𝑥 + 1 )2 + 4

5. 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 5 E. 𝑓(𝑥) = 5( 𝑥 − 1 )2 + 4

Remember

SUSAN J. BALIGOD
MATH 9 QUARTER 1 WEEK 7 P a g e 7|9
 A quadratic function can be written in the general form 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐, where
𝑎, 𝑏, and 𝑐 are real numbers and 𝑎 ≠ 0 or the vertex form 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑎 (𝑥 − ℎ)2 + 𝑘, where
(ℎ, 𝑘) are the coordinates of the vertex.

The quadratic function 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 can be transformed into vertex form

𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑎 (𝑥 − ℎ)2 + 𝑘 by the process of completing the square or using the following
−𝑏 4𝑎𝑐−𝑏2
formula: ℎ = and 𝑘 = .
2𝑎 4𝑎

Steps in transforming quadratic functions 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 into the vertex form

𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑎 (𝑥 − ℎ)2 + 𝑘 by the process of completing the square:
1. Group the first two terms.
2. Factor out a. If the value of a is 1, proceed to step 3.
3. Complete the expression in parenthesis to make it a perfect square trinomial by adding the
1
value of ( 𝑏 )2 and subtracting the same value from the constant term.
2
4. Factor the resulting perfect square trinomial and write it as a square of binomial
( 𝑥 ± √𝑐 )2 .
5. Give the value of ℎ and 𝑘.

Check your Understanding

Transform the following quadratic functions into the vertex form

𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑎(𝑥 − ℎ)2 + 𝑘 and identify the value of h and k.

Quadratic Function Vertex Form h k

1. 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥
2. 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 + 9
3. 𝑓(𝑥) = −3𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 − 5
4. 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 − 8
5. 𝑓(𝑥) = 6𝑥 2 + 24𝑥 + 25

Post-test

Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write the letter on your answer sheet.
1. Which of the following equation is the vertex form of quadratic function?
a. 𝑦 = 𝑎(𝑥 − ℎ)2 + 𝑘 c. 𝑦 = 𝑎(𝑥 − ℎ) + 𝑘
b. 𝑦 = 𝑎(𝑥 − 𝑘) + 𝑘
2 d. 𝑦 = 𝑎(𝑥 − 𝑘) + ℎ
2. What is the vertex of the function described by 𝑦 = 2(𝑥 + 2)2 − 3?
a. (2, 2) c. (-2, -3)
b. (2, -3) d. (2, -2)

3. Which of the following quadratic functions is in the vertex form?

a. 2𝑦 = 𝑥 2 + 1 c. 𝑦 = (𝑥 + 3)2 + 5
b. 𝑦 = 2𝑥 2 + 4𝑥– 1 d. 𝑦 = (𝑥 2 – 4)– 2
4. In the quadratic function 𝑦 = 3(𝑥 − 1)2 + 2, what is the value of ℎ?
SUSAN J. BALIGOD
MATH 9 QUARTER 1 WEEK 7 P a g e 8|9
 a. 1 c. 2
b. -1 d. 3
5. What is the vertex form of quadratic function 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 8?
a. 𝑓(𝑥) = (𝑥 + 4)2 − 4 c. 𝑓(𝑥) = ( 𝑥 − 2)2 + 4
b. 𝑓(𝑥) = (𝑥 − 4) + 4
2 d. 𝑓(𝑥) = (𝑥 + 2)2 − 4

Additional Activities

To better understand the lesson on transforming quadratic functions in vertex form by

completing the square, watch the video lesson the following links.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qtn0FCl-6-c&feature=share
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nt0Yk-0aFWQ&feature=share

SUSAN J. BALIGOD
MATH 9 QUARTER 1 WEEK 7 P a g e 9|9