MURSHIDABAD MEDICAL COLLEGE AND HOSPITAL

STUDENTS’ UNIT- TMCP UNIT

PRESENTS

2ND PROF MBBS (2008-2017)

0F

PATHOLOGY
PHARMACOLOGY
MICROBIOLOGY
FORENSIC MEDICINE

STAY TOGETHER. WALK TOGETHER. WORK TOGETHER

 PATHOLOGY
GENERAL PATHOLOGY
LONG QUESTIONS:
1) A person suffering from type-1 DM develop symptoms over 24 hours’ nausea,
vomiting, severe thirst, polyuria. Complaining of abdominal pain, kusshmal
breathing with fruity odour on the patient’s breath and abdominal tenderness
revealed on examination.
a) what is your PD?
b) what are lab investigations?
c) pathophysiology of that condition. (2012)

COMMENT ON:
1) Direct spread is different from metastasis (2016)
2) Role of complements in acute inflammation. (2016)
3) Thrombus differs from clot. (2015)
4) Inflammation is beneficial. (2015)
5) Healing by primary union is different than healing by secondary union (2014)
6) Teratoma and hamartoma are two different lesions (2014)
7) Dystrophic versus metastatic calcification (2014)
8) Phlebothrombosis vs. thrombophlebitis (2013)
9) Importance of paraneoplastic syndrome (2013)
10) Transudate and exudates indicate different clinical conditions (2012)
11) Presence of chronic inflammatory cells does not always indicate chronic
inflammation; it has other hallmarks too. (2012)
12) Necrosis differs from apoptosis. (2011,2017)
13) Amyloidosis is the result of long standing chronic diseases. (2011)
14) Tobacco smoking and diseases. (2010)
15) Grading and staging of malignant tumours and its relevance. (2010)
16) Define oedema. Mention the different mechanism producing renal oedema. (2009)
17) Mechanism of irreversible cell injury. (2009)
18) Define amyloidosis. What are its types? Write the pathogenesis. (2008)
19) What is healing? What are the stages of wound healing in a lacerated wound? What
are the factors modifying wound healing? (2008)
20) Granuloma and granulation tissue. (2017)

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ANSWER THE FOLLOWING:
1) Healing by primary union and secondary union differ in process of wound healing.
(2016)
2) Pathogenesis of oedema in cardiac disease. (2016)
3) Classification of Diabetes Mellitus. (2015)
4) Difference between coagulative necrosis and liquefactive necrosis. (2015)
5) Pathogenesis of thrombosis. (2014)
6) Carcinoma is a multistep process. (2014)
7) Difference between carcinoma and sarcoma. (2013,’11)
8) Pathogenesis of amyloidosis. (2013)
9) Pathogenesis of renal oedema. (2012)
10) Cause of unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia. (2012)
11) Antibody dependent cytotoxic cell. (2011)
12) Arterial and venous thrombosis. (2010)
13) Transudate and exudates. (2010)
14) Type III hypersensitivity. (2010)
15) Define neoplasia. Characteristic of malignant neoplasm. (2009)
16) What is necrosis? Types. Difference between necrosis and apoptosis. (2008) 17)
Neoplasia. (2008)

SHORT NOTES:
1. Radiation injury. (2016,2014)
2. Hypovolemic shock. (2016)
3. Transcoelomic space. (2015)
4. FNAC. (2015)
5. Conjugated hyperbilirubinemia. (2015)
6. Klinfelter syndrome. (2014)
7. Decompression sickness. (2014)
8. Gaucher’s disease. (2013)
9. Turner syndrome. (2013,2017)
10. Karyotyping. (2013)
11. Difference between hypertrophy and hyperplasia. (2012,2017)
12. Coagulation necrosis. (2012)
13. Down’s syndrome (2011)
14. Carcinoma in-situ. (2011)
15. Giant cell. (2011)
16. Dystrophic calcification. (2010)
17. Apoptosis. (2010)
18. X linked disease. (2010)
19. Type –II hypersensivity. (2009)
20. Lab diagnosis of amyloid. (2009)
21. Opsonin. (2009)

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 22. Metaplasia. (2009)
23. Langhan’s Giant cell. (2017) 24. Philadelphia chromosome (2017).
25. Septic shock. (2017)

HAEMATOLOGY
Long Question:
1) A 45-year-old male with history of partial gastrectomy frequently has anaemia and
neurological symptoms.
a) What is provisional diagnosis?
b) How you will proceed to investigation so as to establish your
diagnosis?
c) Discuss the pathogenesis of this anaemia. (2016)
2) A 7year old male patient presented with fever, pallor, gum bleeding,
lymphadenopathy.
Peripheral blood smear revealed fair number of abnormal lymphocytes.
a) What is your provisional diagnosis?
b) How will you diagnose the case in laboratory?
c) Enumerate four prognostic factor.(2015)
3) A 4-year-old female patient presented with severe pallor and splenomegaly with
history of multiple blood transfusion. Biochemical investigation revealed
unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia.
a) What is your provisional diagnosis?
b) What is the examination you have done in lab?
c) What is the basic genetic defect? (2014)
4) A 5-year-old male child presented with epistaxis and petechiae following fever 2
weeks back.
a) What is your provisional diagnosis?
b) What are the lab investigations?
c) What is the pathogenesis? (2011) (1+5+4)
5) A 60-year-old male presents with low back pain and anaemia-ray reveals multiple
osteolytic lesions.
a) What is your provisional diagnosis?
b) How you will proceed to confirm your diagnosis? (2011,2017)
(2+8) 6) A 10year old boy presented with pallor and
splenomegaly.
a) List the differential diagnosis.
b) Enumerate the investigations necessary to evaluate this case if a haemolytic
anaemia is suspected. (2010) (2+8)

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 7) A 60-year-old male presented with progressive weakness, low grade fever,
generalised lymphadenopathy and splenomegaly. Blood examination shows Hb
10g%, WBC 86000/cu.mm.90%WBC are small mononuclear cells.
a) What is your diagnosis?
b) what are the investigations? (2009) (2+8)
8) A 16 year old girl presented with purpura, rashes all over the body which is
episodic in nature.
a) What is your PD?
b) What are the investigations. (2008)

COMMENT ON:
1) Presence of spherocytosis in not pathognomonic of hereditary spherocytosis.
(2017,2011)
2) Leukamoid reaction and leukaemia are different. (2016)
3) Significance of peripheral blood smear. (2015,2012)
1. 4)Transfusion related diseases can be avoided. (2013)
4) FAB classification of acute leukaemia and basis. (2010)

ANSWER THE FOLLOWING:

1) Blood picture of Iron deficiency anaemia and biochemical findings. (2017)
2) Principal and utility of Coomb’s test. (2017)
3) Lab diagnosis of multiple myeloma. (2016)
4) Pathogenesis of beta thalassemia. (2015)
5) Diagnostic criteria of blastic phase of CML. (2014)
6) PBS in haemolytic anaemia. (2013)
7) PBS and BM picture of megaloblastic anaemia. (2012)
8) Pathogenesis of DIC. (2011)
9) What is leukaemia. Classify it. Lab diagnosis of AML. (2009)

SHORT NOTE:
1) PBS of CML.(2016)
2) Significance of reverse blood grouping.(2016)
3) Transfusion reaction.(2015)
4) Coomb’s test.(2014)
5) Leukamoid reaction.(2013)
6) Haemophilia.(2012)
7) Rh incompatibility. (2012)
8) ITP.(2011)
9) BT and CT.(2009)
10) PCV.(2009)

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 SYSTEMIC PATHOLOGY
BONE
Long questions:
1. A 14 years old female presented with a painful tender swelling in the right thigh
accompanied by fever, leucocytosis and high ESR, plain x-ray shows osteolytic with
‘Onion skin’ appearance
[2009]
a) What is your provisional diagnosis?
b) Describe the gross and microscopic features of this lesion?

Comment on:
1. Tumour arising from end of long bone may be benign or malignant. Comment with
at least one example in each case.[2012]
Answer the followings:
1. Radiological features of important bone tumours [2014]
2. Sequestrum leads to involucrum formation [2011]
3. Pathogenesis of osteomyelitis.[2016,’12] Short note:
1. Giant cell tumour of bone. [2015]
2. Osteoclastic giant cell containing lesions of the bone [2013]
3. Ewings sarcoma[2010]

BREAST
Long questions
1. A 55 year old lady presented with a hard non tender mass of about 5 cm in diameter
in left breast and retraction of nipple. [2017]
a) What is your provisional diagnosis?
b) Describe the plan of investigation for the case.
c) Enumerate the important prognostic factors.

Answer the following:

1. Role of FNAC in breast cancer [2010]

DIAGNOSTIC CYTOLOGY
Comment on:

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 1. FNAC cannot replace histological study. [2017,’12]
2. Role of exfoliative cytology in the diagnosis of neoplasm [2013]
3. FNAC of a thyroid [2011] Short note:
1. FNAC [2009]

CNS
Answer the following:
1. Diagnosis and complications of pyogenic meningitis [2014]
2. Pyogenic meningitis vs. viral meningitis [2017]

Short note:
1. CSF in acute pyogenic meningitis vs. tuberculous meningitis [2015]
2. CSF in Tuberculous meningitis [2011]
3. CSF in pyogenic meningitis [2009]

CVS
Long questions:
1. A 59 years male presented with acute pain on the left anterior chest wall, severe
dysopnia, profuse sweating, and rapid thread pulse [2015]
a) What is your provisional diagnosis?
b) Enumerate risk factors and pathogenesis?
c) Enumerate important diagnostic biochemical markers?
2. A 70 years old man was brought to hospital emergency room at dawn with severe
precordial pain, profuse sweating and respiratory distress. On examination radial
pulse was not palpable. BP 8/? mm of Hg. [2013]
a) What is your Provisional diagnosis?
b) How do You Proceed to investigate the case in the laboratory?
c) What are the complications?
3. A 45 year old hypertensive developed acute precordial chest pain. [2010]
a) What are the possible diagnoses?
b) Describe the various laboratory findings in such a case?
c) What are the gross and microscopic changes that you would expect to find
in the heart?

Comment on:
1. Rheumatism licks the joint but bites the whole heart[2014]
2. Pancarditis in rheumatic heart disease {2011]
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 3. Describe the aetiology and pathology of rheumatic heart disease. Enumerate its
complications.[2009]

Answer the Followings:

1. Lesions in the heart due to acute rheumatic fever.[2016]
2. Investigations of myocardial infarction [2012] Short notes:
1. Complications of atheroma.[2016]

ENDOCRINE
Answer the following:
1. Long term complications of diabetes mellitus [2016]
2. Laboratory findings in diabetes mellitus [2010]

Short note:
1. Hashimoto’s thyroiditis [2016,’10]
2. Hyperparathyroidism [2014]
3. Glycosylated Hb [2011]

Comment on:
1. Thyroid swelling is not always due to colloid goitre. [2017]

FEMALE GENITALIA
Comment on:
1. Screening based on cervical cytology is useful in the prevention of carcinoma cervix.
[2016]

Answer the following:

1. Pathogenesis of carcinoma of cervix. [2015]
2. Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia [2012,’17]

Short Note:
1. Dermoid cyst of ovary [2012]
2. Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia [2011]
3. Germ cell tumour of ovary [2017]
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 GIT
Comment on:
1. Etiology of peptic ulcer and gastric carcinoma is same. [2015]
2. Ulcerative colitis and crohn’s disease are different macroscopically and
microscopically. [2015]
3. Carcinoma colon is a genetic disorder. [2014]
4. Colorectal carcinoma. {2010]
5. Describe briefly the etiologic factors of chronic peptic ulcer. Write the gross and
microscopic features of benign gastric ulcer. [2009]

Answer the following:

1. Familial adenomatous polyposis. [2015]
2. Macroscopic difference between peptic ulcers of stomach with ulcerative type of
gastric carcinoma. [2013] Short note:
1. Acute appendicitis and its fate and complications [2014]
2. Pleomorphic salivary adenoma [2014]
3. Crohn’s disease [2013]
4. H pylori and gastric disease [2010]
5. Ulcerative colitis [2009]
6. Barret’s oesophagus [2017]

KIDNEY
Long questions:
1. A 5 years old boy developed puffiness of face, oliguria and mild hypertension 2
weeks after and attack of sore throat. [2012,’16]
a) What is your provisional diagnosis?
b) What laboratory investigations and other investigations need to be done
to confirm the diagnosis?
c) Mention fates of this condition?

2. A 10 years old child is admitted with puffiness of face, oliguria and smoky urine.
[2014]

a) a) What is your provisional diagnosis?

b) Describe the etiopathogenesis and morphological features observed in the
target organ?
c) Which investigations should be done to reach the diagnosis?

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Answer the followings:
1. RPGN [2013,’17]
2. Diabetic Nephropathy [2011,’09]
3. Renal function tests in chronic renal failure [2010]

Short Note:
1. Wilm’s tumour [2009]

2. 2. Renal cell carcinoma [2015]

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 LIVER
Comment on:
1. A small percentage of hepatitis B infections lead to hepatocellular carcinoma [2016]
2. Alcoholism is not prerequisite for cirrhosis. [2014]
3. Serological markers of HBV induced infective hepatitis. [2011]
4. Alcoholic cirrhosis [2010]
5. Viral hepatitis leading to cirrhosis [2013]

Answer the following:

1. Enumerate causes of cirrhosis of liver. [2015]
2. Complications of cirrhosis of liver [2013]
3. Ascites in cirrhosis of liver [2011]
4. Pathogenesis of alcoholic cirrhosis [2017] Short Note:
1.Complication resulting due to gallstones [2012]
2.Gall stone [2017]

LUNG
Long questions:
1. A 64 year old man who is a chain-smoker is suffering from chronic cough, a 5 Kg wt
loss in last 3 months. Physical examination shows clubbing of finger. A chest
radiograph shows an ill-defined 3 cm mass involving left hilum of the lung. Serum
calcium level is 12.3 mg/dl.
[2011]
a) What is the provisional diagnosis?
b) Describe the laboratory procedure for diagnosis of the case.
c) Why serum calcium level is elevated in this case?

Comment on:
1. Pneumoconiosis is an inhalation disorder of mineral dust, organic and inorganic
dusts particles. [2015]
2. Fate of primary complex of primary tuberculosis [2013]
3. Primary tuberculosis of the lung [2010]
4. Primary and secondary tuberculosis of lungs have distinct morphology [2016]

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Short Note:
1. Neuroendocrine tumour of lung [2014]
2. Primary tuberculosis [2009]
3. Tuberculosis lymph node [2015]

Male Genitalia
Short Note:
1. Nodular hyperplasia of prostate (BHP) [2014]
2. Seminoma testis [2011]

SKIN
Short Note:
1. Basal cell carcinoma [2016]

Others
Comment on:
1. Routes of spread of malignant tumours are different [2012]

Short note:
1. Reed Sternberg cell [2013,’17]
2. Carcinoma in situ [2012]

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 PHARMACOLOGY
A. GENERAL PHARMACOLOGY
1. Meaning of measures/indices, factors influencing the oral bioavailability of drugs, How is the
bioavailability of an orally administrated drug assessed?(1+2+3+4) (2011)

COMMENT ON

1. Plasma conc. of some drugs need to be monitored therapeutically.(2014)

2. In pharmacotheraputics children are not viewed as miniature adults.(11)
3. IV route in emergency.(16)
4. Basic drugs are better absorbed in alkaline media & acid drugs in acidic media.
5. Transdermal drug delivery system.(17)

SHORT NOTE

1. Pharmcovigilence. (10,14)
2. Pharmacogenetics. (10)
3. Phase 2 drug metabolism.(10)
4. Therapeutic drug monitoring. (09)
5. AVD. (09)
6. Drug Dependence. (09)
7. Zero order kinetics. (07)
8. Partial agonist. (07,14)
9. TDD (07)
10. Therapeutic Index. (07,13)
11. Essential Drugs. (06,14,15,17)
12. Teratogenicity. (06)
13. Tolerance. (06)
14. Plasma protein binding Drugs. (15)
15. Orphan Drug. (15,17)
16. Inverse Agonist. ( 14)
17. Drug synergism (14)
18. First pass metabolism(14)
19. Enzyme induction (13)
20. Physical redistribution of drug (13)
21. Receptor antagonist (13)
22. Diagnostic uses of drugs (11)
23. Graded dose response (11)
24. Plasma half life (10)
25. Loading Dose (10)

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 26. Clinical trial (17)

B. ANS
1. Enumerate the anti-cholinergic Drugs. Describe side effects and management of OP
poisoning?(3+3+4)(2015)
2. Drugs of Acute congested & Chronic Simple Glaucoma. Describe the MOA of Pilocarpine in
Narrow angle Glaucoma. How Timolol reduces intra-ocular pressure?(4+4+2)(2014,2009)
3. Dhatura seed poisoning. Describe its S/S & Treatment .(4+6)(2013)
4. Side effect of Pilocarpine?(2)(2009)
5. Treatment of Myasthenia gravis? Why Physostigmine is preferred for chronic therapy? Why
Neostigmine is preferred in acute therapy? Why Edrophonium is used for diagnosis of
Myasthenia gravis?(4+2+2+2)(2006)
6. Drugs used in Glaucoma. Mention the reason of use of each Drug. (4+6)(2016)
COMMENT ON
1. Adrenaline is given in anaphylactic shock. (07,13,14,17)
2. iv dopamine infusion in cardiogenic shock should be closely monitored. (11,16)
3. Pralidoxime is not use in carbamate poisoning.(11)
4. Phenoxybenzamine is used in management of pheochromocytoma.(11)
5. Neostigmine is preferred over physostigmine in MS. (10)
6. Beta blocker is contra indicated in peripheral vascular disease. (16) 7. Metoprolol is preferred
over propranolol in hypertensive pt in DM.
8. Atropine sulphate is not used in acute congested Glaucoma. (17)
MOA
1. Promethazine is used in motion sickness(09)
2. Tamsolusine is used in BHP. (09,14)
3. Dopamine in carcinogenic Shock. (10)
4. Atropine sulphate as Mydriatics, cyclogenic agent. (14)
5. Pralidoxime in OP poisoning.(17)
6. PGs in Glaucoma.(17)
SHORT NOTE
1. Atropine substitute. (07,16)
2. Treatment of glaucoma. (12)

C. AUTACOIDS
COMMENTS ON

1. Low dose aspirine used as anti-platelets agent. (14)

2. N acetyl cystine in PCM poisoning.(16)
3. Methotrexate is used in treatment of RA. (07)

MOA
1. Sumatriptan in Migraine.(06,17)
2. Colchicine in Acute Gout (06,11)

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 3. setotonine receptor agonist in migraine (07)
4. Endomethacin in acute gout (09)
5. Endomethacin for treatment of patent ductus arteriosus. (10)

SHORT NOTE
1. Misoprostol.(15)
2. COX2 Inhibitor.(07)
3. Cetrizine. (09)
4. Levo- cetrizine (15)

D. RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
1. Therapeutic regimen in case of Acute Bronchial Asthma with prophylactic therapy. Why
inhalation therapy is preferred over oral medication?(6+2+2)(2015,2014)
2. Drugs for the treatment of Bronchial Asthma. Mode of action of Salbutamol & its common side
effects. (3+4+3)(2007,2010,2016)
3. How do corticosteroids act in Bronchial Asthma? Outline the Advantage & Disadvantage of
inhalation therapy. (2+2)(2007)
4. Outline the Management of Bronchial Asthma. Mechanism of action and adverse effect of each
drug.
What drug you prescribe to prevent further attack of such?(2+3+3+2)(2012)
5. Mentions drugs administered by meter dose inhaler. Give an outline of treatment of Acute
Bronchial Asthma. (2+6) (2006)

EXPLAIN WHY
1. Montelukast is not used in acute attack of bronchial Asthma.(2013,2017)
2. Nebulised Salbutamol is used in treatment of Acute bronchial Asthma.(2009)

MOA
1. ACE Inhibitor induces cough.(2015)

SHORT NOTE
1. Leukotrine Antagonist(2015)

E. ENDOCRINOLOGY
1. Drugs used in NIDDM. Write down MOA of Insulin & Therapeutic use of
Insulin.(4+4+2)(2015)
2. Enumerate Oral Ant diabetic drugs. Write down MOA of Biguanides. Treatment of
Hyperglycaemic Diabetic Coma. (3+2+5)(2014)
3. Write down the Treatment of Acute Thyrotoxicosis. How do you prepare the patient for
thyroid surgery?(6+4)(2012)
4. Enumerate drugs used in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. Mention the medications of
Insulin in type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (NIDDM). What is Insulin Resistance? (5+3+2)(2009)
5. Classify Oral Hypoglycaemic agents. Briefly discuss the role in Type 2 DM. Outline the
management of DKA.(5+3+2)(2007)
6. Give a brief outline of treatment of maturity onset DM. What are the advantage of Repaglinide
& Pioglitazone over SUs.(6+2+2)(2006)

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 7. Enumerate different type of Insulin. Outline Management of Hypoglycaemic Coma?
(4+6)(2016,2017)

EXPLAIN WHY
1. Sildenafil is not safe for patient on nitrate therapy. (10)
2. Lugols Iodine in Thyroid surgery.
3. Glucocorticoid should not be tapered off suddenly after long term therapy. (2014,2012)
4. Alfacalcidiol is effective in Renal Ricket (2014)
5. Lugols iodine is used for preoperative preparation of thyroidectomy.(2013)
6. Oxytocin & Methyl ergometrine both are routinely required in an obstetric care unit (2011)
7. Long term use of glucocorticoids is potentially hazardous.(2010)
8. Oestrogen & Progesterone are combined together in oral contraceptives.(2009,2007)
9. Clomiphene citrate is indicated in treatment of infertilitry.(2013,2017)

MOA
1. Carbimazole as Ant thyroid Drug(2006)
2. DPP4 inhibitor in Type 2 DM. (2011)
3. Corticosteroids as Anti-inflammatory agents.(2011)
4. Oestriotide in acromegaly. (2007)
5. Clomiphene in infertility. (2007)
6. Propylthiouracil in hypothyroidism(2009)
7. Combined OCPs (2010,2011)
8. Metformin in DM (2011)

SHORT NOTE
1. Emergency Contraceptive.(2014)
2. Anabolic steroids.(2013)
3. Glimepiride. (2013)
4. Radioactive iodine. (2010)
5. Bisphosphonate. (2010)
6. Tropical Glucocorticoids. (2009)
7. Tocolytic agents.(2007)
8. Anti Oestrogens(2006)
9. Ritodrine (2006)
10. Magnesium sulphate (2011)

F. PHERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

EXPLAIN WHY

1. Succinyl CoA causes prolonged apnoea in some patients. (2007)

SHORT NOTE
1. Lignocaine

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G. CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
1. Enumerate the Anti Epileptic drugs. MOA of sodium valproate. Treatment of status
epilepticus.(4+3+3) (2014)
2. Enumerate the Anti Epileptic drugs. Write down the MOA & Adverse effect of phenytoin.
(4+3+3)(2012,2017)
3. Enumerate drugs (Analgesic/Non analgesic) used in the treatment of four different pain
conditions.
Briefly outline the MOA of any one situation. Comment on the safety concern associated with
the
NSAIDS. Enumerate opioid receptor antagonist & mention their uses .(4+2+2+2)(2011)
4. Enumerate drugs acting via BZD-GABA-A receptor complex channel. Discuss the therapeutic
use of BZD & the treatment of its overdose. (4+4+2)(2010)
5. Drugs in Generalised Tonic Clonic Seizure. Mention therapeutic use of Carbamazepine.
Treatment of status epilepticus. (3+3+4) (2006)

EXPLAIN WHY
1. Levo dopa is combined with carbidopa in treatment of Parkinsonism. (2007,2009)
2. Patients of Parkinson’s disease on L-Dopa therapy are continued not to enduldge in self-
medication of OTC multivitamin preparation.
3. Propofol is a popular iv anaesthetic agent.(2010) 4. Methadone is used in morphine
withdrawal.(2006,2009)
5. Morphine is contraindicated in head injury.
6. Morphine used in pulmonary Oedema.

MOA
1. Glycopyrolate as pre anaesthetic medication.(2007,2015)
2. Amitrptiline in Depressions.(2009)
3. In morphine overdose Naloxone is used.(2015)

SHORT NOTE
1. Use of Carbamazepine.(2009,2012)
2. Lithium (2007,2015)
3. Levo dopa (2010,2015)
4. Na Valproate (2010)

H. CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
1. Mention the different categories that act by modifying the RAAS. Mention one indication of
each. Briefly outline the rationale for such use. Which one of these 3 drugs should be induced
in national
Essential medicine list of India & Why?(2+2+3+2+2)(2011)
2. Drugs used in the treatment of congestive cardiac failure. Discuss the adverse effect & current
status of Digoxine in the treatment of congestive Heart Failure.(4+3+3)(2010)
3. Drugs in Acute Myocardial Infarction. Pharmacological basis of beta blocker in MI.(5+5)
4. Drugs in CHF. MOA & Adverse effect of ACE inhibitor(6+2+2)(2007)
5. Enumerate Anti anginal Drugs. Discuss pharmacological Action Therapeutic uses & adverse
effect of nitrates. (2+4+2+2)(2014)

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 6. Enumerate Antihypertensive Drugs. How will you manage a patient of Hypertensive
Emergency? Side effect of ACEI (4+4+2)(2017)
7. Drugs in CHF. Role the Diuretics in heart failure. management of left ventricular
failure.(4+2+4)(2016)

EXPLAIN WHY
1. Isosorbisde dinitrate in Angina given sublingually. (12)
2. Digoxine in Atrial Fibrilation

MOA
1. Streptokinase in Acute MI.(2007)
2. ACE Inhibitor in heart Failure. (2007)
3. Nifidipine in treatment of hypertension.(2010)
4. GTN in Angina Pectoris. (2013)
5. Low dose aspirine in acute MI. (2006,2015)
6. ACE inhibitor as anti hypertensive. (2012)

SHORT NOTE
1. Amlodipine. (2009,2015)
2. Losartan.(2006,2013)

I. RENAL SYSTEM
EXPLAIN WHY

1. Furosemide is used in acute left ventricular failure.(2014)

2. Furosemide is combined with spironolactone as diuretics. (2015) 3.
Furosemideis regarded as higher ceiling Diuretic. (2009)
4. Mannitol is used in cerebral oedema.

MOA
1. Thiazides as Antihypertensive drugs.(2014)
2. Thiazides on serum electrolytes .(2007)

SHORT NOTE
1. Furosemide (2012,2017)

J. GASTRO INTESTINAL SYSTEM

EXPLAIN WHY

1. Cisapride has been withdrawal in some countries.(2010)

2. Sucralfate should not be combined with antacid.(2006)

MOA
1. Promethazine in motion sickness.(2009)
2. Bisacodyl as purgatives.(2011)
3. Mosapride as prokinetic agent.(2013)

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 4. Metoclopramide as Prokinetic agent.(2007)
5. Ondansetron in ante emetics. (2010)
6. Pentoprazole in Peptic Ulcer.(2014,2017)
7. Levosulpride as prokinetic agent.(2017)
8. Lactulose in hepatic encephalopathy.(2011)

SHORT NOTE
1. Ondansetron (2013)
2. Omeprazole (2015)

K. DRUGS EFFECTING BLOOD & BLOOD FORMATION

EXPLAIN WHY

1. Iron Folate Supplementation are recommended during pregnancy.(2013)

2. LMH Heparin preparation are superior to conventional Heparin.(2013,2017)
3. Desferroxamine is used in iron poisoning.(2014,2015)
4. Alteplase is preferred over streptokinase in MI (2015)
5. Folic acid supplementation is advocated in early pregnancy.(2011) 6. Iron therapy is
contraindicated in Thalasemia. (2015)
7. Vit K in warferin overdose.
8. Aspirin as anti platelet agent. (2007)
9. Folic acid is not used alone in pernicious anaemia.(2007)
10. Low dose aspirin in MI.(2012)
11. Folic acid should not give alone in megaloblastic anaemia. (2012)

MOA
1. Desferroxaminine in iron toxicity.(2007)
2. Warfarin as an oral anti coagulant.(2010)
3. Clopidrogel as Antiplatelet agent.(2014)
4. Heparin as anticoagulant.(2015)
5. Vit k as anti-coagulant. (2012)
6. LMW Heparin in Deep vein thrombosis .(2012)

SHORT NOTE
1. Thrombolytic drugs.(2010)
2. EPO (2006,2017)
3. LMWH (2016)

L. ANTI MICROBIAL & ANTI CANCER AGENTS

1. Treatment of Chloroquine resistant uncomplicated falciparum malaria. Therapeutic use of
chloroquine.(2010,2015)
2. Enumerate Antiretroviral drugs. Different regime underlying treatment of AIDS. (5+5)(2013)
3. Give an Outline of the drug for treatment of acute rheumatic fever.(Adult+ Child) For
prevention of such cases what drugs should you prescribe how long the prophylactic
treatment should continued.(7+1+2)(2013)

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 4. Enumerate anti pulmonary tubercular drug. Why anti TB Drugs are used in combination.
Mention the commonly encountered adverse effect of anti TB drugs. Treatment of Multi Drug
resistant Tuberculosis.(3+2+3+3+2)(2011)
5. Enumerate Anti Amoebic Drugs. Mention medication & side effects of
Metronidazole.(4+2+2)(2009)
6. Enumerate drugs used in Malaria. Write the management of cerebral malaria. MOA of
artesunmate.(5+3+2)(2007)

EXPLAIN WHY
1. Fixed dose combination in cotrimoxazole.(2015)
2. Multi Drug therapy in TB.(2015)
3. Ciprofloxacin and theophylline should not be co prescribed. (2014)
4. Metronidazole is to be avoided in chronic alcoholics.(2014) 5. Concomitant use of Rifampin &
OCP should better avoided.(2013)
6. Doxycycline is proffered over other tetracycline.
7. Multi Drug therapy in leprosy (2016,2017)
8. Metronidazole & Diloxinate Fuorate is combined for internal Amoeboesis .
9. Oral chloroquine therapy in malaria is stared with in loading dose.(2009)
10. Probensid is combined with penicillin.(2011)
11. Azithromycin is considered superior to Erythromycin.(2010)
12. Rifampin is used once in a month supervised in the treatment of leprosy.(2009)
13. Rifampicin may produce haemolytic anaemia.( 2006)
14. Combinaton therapy is usually beneficial over single drug therapy in malaria. (2017)

MOA
1. Ciprofloxacine in typhoid fever.(2009)
2. Acyclovir in treatment of herpes.(2010)
3. Fluconazole as anti-fungal. (2014)
4. Itraconazole as anti fuingal.(2016,2017)

SHORT NOTE
1. Super infection(2014)
2. Chloroquine (2014)
3. Ketokonazole (2013)
4. Meropenam (2013)
5. Rifampicin (2012,2016)
6. Chemoprophylaxis (2011)
7. Mebendazole (2011)
8. Lamivudine (2016,2017)
9. Amikacin (2016)
10. HAART Therapy (2016)
11. Antibiotic associated Diarrhoea (2011)
12. Theraputic uses of Fluroquinonlones (2010)
13. Azithromycin (2009)
14. Itrokonazole (2009)
15. Tropical antifungal agents (2007)
16. Acyclovir (2006)
17. Beta lactam antibiotics (2017)

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 18. Metronidazole (2017)
19. Methotrexate (2009,2014)
20. Interferones (2006,2015)

M. MISCELLANEOUS DRUGS
SHORT NOTES

1. D- Penicillamine (2011)
2. Anti snake venom (ASV) (2016)
3. Chelating agents (2011)

MICROBIOLOGY

GENERAL BACTERIOLOGY
SHORT NOTE:

1. Bacterial capsule (2006,2011,2016)

2. Plasmid (2006,2009,2011)
3. Koch’s postulate (2006)
4. Bacterial flagella (2007)
5. Antiseptic agent for hand hygiene in health care. (2009)
6. Bacterial spore (2010,2015,2017)
7. Transport media (2010)
8. Disinfection (2011)
9. Mutation (2012)
10. Enrichment media (2013)
11. Transport media (2014)
12. Sterilisation (2016)
COMMENT ON:
1. All bacteria do not obey Koch’s postulate. (2015)
2. Antibiotic resistance may be due to several factors. (2014)
3. Microbiological waste should be segregated before disposal. (2013)

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 4. Phages are important tools for gene transfer in bacteria. (2013)
5. Gram positive and gram negative bacteria – differences (2012,2014)
6. Plasmid has an important role in transfer of drug resistance in bacteria. (2009,2012)
7. Anaerobic bacteria do not grow on routinely prepared culture media. (2010)
8. Koch’s postulate has its relevance till today. (2007)
9. Bacterial motility can be demonstrated in many ways. (2007)
10. There are many ways for genetic alteration in bacteria (2017)
DIFFERENCES:
1. Antiseptic and disinfectants (2015)
2. Eukaryote and prokaryote (2015)
3. Dry heat and moist heat sterilisation (2006,2013)
4. Lag phase and log phase (2012)
5. Flagella and fimbriae (2007,2011)
6. Exotoxin and endotoxin (2007,2009)
7. Transcription and translation (2006)
8. Cell wall of gram positive and gram negative bacteria.
9. Tyndallisation & Inspissation (2017)

IMMUNOLOGY
LONG QUESTION:
1. A mother of Rh D negative blood group delivered a Rh D positive baby with severe
jaundice. She had Rh D positive first child without any complication of the baby.
What immunological reaction is responsible for the jaundice of the baby? Write the
mechanism of action of such immunological reaction? Give an example of one
immunodiagnostic test based on this type of reaction. Write the principle of this test
in short. (2008) (1+4+1+4)
SHORT NOTE:
1. IgE (2006,2012,2013)
2. Heterophile antigen (2007,2012)
3. IgM (2009,2011)
4. Type I hypersensitivity (2009)
5. IgA (2010,2016)
6. Primary immune response (2013)
7. Monoclonal antibody (2014)
8. Prozone phenomena (2014)
9. Cytokine (2015)
10. ELISA test (2017)
COMMENT ON:
1. Complement takes part in both adaptive and innate immunity. (2015)

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 2. Self- antigens are usually non antigenic but there are exceptions. (2014)
3. Self- mediated immunity is more important for recovery from viral infection. (2012)
4. Unrelated antigen may be used as diagnostic test. (2014)
5. IgE immunoglobulin mediates type I hypersensitivity. (2011)
6. Weil- Felix is a heterophile agglutination test. (2010)
7. Complement may be activated in many ways. (2007,2017)
8. T- helper cell in immunological response. (2016)
9. Passive immunisation in certain condition. (2016)
DIFFERENCES:
1. Immediate and delayed hypersensitivity (2015)
2. Primary and secondary immunity (2006,2014,2017)
3. T- lymphocyte and B- lymphocyte (2013)
4. Immunofluorescence and ELISA (2013)
5. CD4 and CD8 lymphocyte (2012)
6. Agglutination and precipitation (2011)
7. TH 1 and TH 2 immune response (2009)
8. Active and passive immunity (2007)

SYSTEMIC BACTERIOLOGY
LONG QUESTION:
1. 8 years old boy come to the hospital with fever, asphyxia, toxaemia. On examination
a pseudomembranous patch over the faucial area is found. Provisional diagnosis?
Causative agent? Lab diagnosis? Write briefly on one in vivo and one in vitro test to
determine virulence of the organism isolated. (Corynebacterium diphtheriae)
(2010,2015) (1+1+4+4)
2. A female aged about 53 years presented with evening rise of temperature not
exceeding 100◦F for about a month accompanied by cough, expectoration and
occasional haemoptysis. X-ray shows opacity in the epical region of the right lung.
Provisional diagnosis? Causative agent? Lab diagnosis? Methods of drug sensitivity
testing.(Pulmonary tuberculosis)(2013,2015) (1+1+5+3)
3. 2 years old- with high fever, vomiting, headache, neck rigidity. Provisional
diagnosis? Causative agent? Lab diagnosis? Vaccine?(Meningitis)(2014)(1+1+5+3)
4. 3 years old- acute sore throat, dysphagia, salivation, mild fever, adherent thick
greyish patch is found over the tonsil and oropharynx which bleeds on
removal.Provisional diagnosis? Causative agent? Collection of sample with lab
diagnosis? Prevention? (Corynebacterium diphthetiae)(2014)(1+1+6=2)

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 5. Two friends went to a Chinese restaurant. They had soup followed by fried rice and
chilly chicken. After 2 hours they started vomiting followed by diarrhoea. They also
develop fever .on examination BP low. Provisional diagnosis? Mechanism of action
behind this manifestation. Lab diagnosis?(Staphylococcal food poisoning) (2013)
(1+4+5)
6. 20 years newly married lady- fever, increased frequency, burning micturition.
Provisional diagnosis? causative agent? Other etiological agent? Lab diagnosis?
(UTI)(1+2+7) (2006,2010)
7. 20 years old man- fever, generalised petechial rash multi organ failure, shock.
Provisional diagnosis? Causative bacteria? Lab diagnosis? Prevention? (Fulminant
meningococcemia) (2006) (2+1+4+3)
8. An adult male suffering from continuous fever for 5 days. He had coated tongue.,
mild splenomegaly and relative bradycardia. Provisional diagnosis? Causative
bacteria? Lab diagnosis? Vaccine? (Typhoid fever) (2011,2017) (1+2+5+2)
9. A baby of 4 weeks admitted to hospital with fever, drowsiness, irritability,
photophobia, vomiting, neck rigidity, CSF turbid. Clinical diagnosis? Causative
bacteria? Lab diagnosis? (Neonatal meningitis) (2011,2016) (1+3+6)
10. A 35 years old man – history with contact with female sex worker- urethral
discharge—no gram negative diplococci. Provisional diagnosis? Etiological agent?
Lab diagnosis? What is L- form? (Non-gonococcal urethritis) (2012) (1+1+6+2)
11. A 12 years old boy – severe dehydration, cold clammy extremities- history of
frequent passage painless watery stool. What is the clinical condition? Etiological
agent? Pathogenesis? Lab diagnosis? (Cholera) (2007,2012,2016) (1+4+5)
12. A 45 years old lady- fever, malaise, weakness, anorexia – history of tooth extraction
few days back. Past history of polyarthritis in late child hood. clinical examination –
fever-systolic cardiac murmur. Provisional diagnosis? Etiological agent? Lab
diagnosis? (Rheumatic fever) (2008,2009) (1+2+7)
13. A 25 years old man- painless indurated, superficial genital ulcer. The inguinal lymph
nodes are swollen, discrete, robbery, non-tender. History of unprotected sexual
exposure. Provisional diagnosis? Causative organism? Lab diagnosis? (Syphilis)
(2007,2009,2017) (1+3+6)

SHORT NOTE:
1. TPHA (2007)
2. Treponema pertenue (2016)
3. VDRL test (2012)
4. Halophilic vibrio (2013)
5. Toxic shock syndrome (2014)
6. Nagler reaction (2015)
7. Non gonococcal urethritis (2011,2015,2017)
8. Satellitism (2007)
9. Environmental Mycobacteria (2017)
COMMENT ON:
1. Non treponemal test cannot confirm syphilis. (2015)

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 2. Result of a single widal test should be interpreted with caution. (2014)
3. Coagulase negative staphylococcus are never pathogenic (2014)
4. Isolation of C. diphtheriae from clinical sample does not confirm diphtheria.
(2011,2013)
5. VDRL positivity does not necessarily mean Treponema pallidum. (2013)
6. Though a commensal in GI tract E. coli may cause diarrhoea. (2012)
7. Gas gangrene is polymicrobial in nature. (2011)
8. Haemophilus ducreyi requires only X factor (2010)
9. Enterococcus is known for its multidrug resistance. (2010)
10. UTI can occur without significant bacteriuria. (2009)
11. VDRL test may be positive in people without syphilis.(2009)
12. Bacteriological profile of purulent meningitis varies in accordance with age of
patient.(2006)
13. A single widal test may not be diagnostic of typhoid fever. (2006)
14. Mantoux test positively may not be diagnostic of tuberculosis in India. (2006)
15. Diarrhoea caused by any vibrio species is not cholera. (2006)
16. All diphtheria is non toxigenic (2016)
17. Chloramphenicol in treatment of typhoid. (2010)
18. A combination of VDRL and TPHA test is better than either of them alone for the
diagnosis of exclusion of syphilis. (2010)
19. Post primary tuberculosis differs in many ways from primary tuberculosis (2017)
20. Nocardia differs in many ways from Actinomycetes (2017)

DIFFERENCES:
1. Classical and El tor biotypes of Vibrio cholerae (2011)
2. Infection type and toxin type of food poisoning.(2010)
3. Secretory and invasive diarrhoea (2009)
4. Streptococcus viridans and Streptococcus pneumonia (2016)
5. Anthrax and anthracoid bacilli (2016)
6. Infection & toxin type of food poisoning (2017)

PARASITOLOGY
LONG QUESTION:
1. A 30 yr. old meal from Bihar has been admitted to the hospital with history of fever
weakness, blackening & huge hepatosplenomegaly. What is your Provisional
Diagnosis?
What is the causative agent? Write down the pathogenesis & laboratory diagnosis of
that. (1+1+4+4)(2014,2016)[Kala-azar]

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 2. A boy aged 10 yr. low-socioeconomic status attended O.P.D. with complication of
indignation, weakness, occasional pain in epigastric region. On examination he
found anaemic with Hb Level. What is your provisional diagnosis? Write down the
causative helminths & pathogenesis. What is the lab diagnosis?
(2+4+4)(2014)[Hook-Worm]
3. 26 yr. old security guard brought to the hospital with fever, headache and
diarrhoea. Fever accompanied by chill & rigor and coming intermittently for last 10
days. Fever pursuit for last 10 days & pursuits for few hour and comes down with
profuse sweating. Body temp- raised, B.P. - 110/70. Spleen palpable at the time on
examination. A) What is you Provisional Diagnosis? Write down the causative
agents & vectors. Describe the laboratory diagnosis.
(1+2+1+6) (2013)
B) Describe the life cycle of the causative agent with diagram. What are the
Complications? (4+3) (2006, 2011,2017) [Malaria]
4. A patient with diffuse swelling of left leg presents OPD. That oedema is non-pitting
in nature. What are the causative agents? How the disease is transmitted? Describe
the pathogenesis and Laboratory diagnosis. (2012) [Filariasis]

SHORT NOTES:
1. Larva migrants (2006,2016)
2. Extra-intestinal amoebiasis (2006)
3. LD body (2007)
4. Occult filariasis (2007,2014)
5. Black water fever
6. Post kala-Aza dermal leihmenisis(2009,2012)
7. Difference between Ankylostoma duodenale &N. americanus (2010)
8. Cystcercosis(2010,2013)
9. Hydatid cyst (2011,2015,2017)
10. NIH swab (2017)
DIFFERENCE:
1. Cysticercus bovis &cellulose (2015)
2. Microfilariae of wuchreria and brugia (2014,2012)
3. Floatation &sedimentation method of stool concentration technique
4. Cestode & nematode (2013)
5. Morphological difference between early trophozoite of vivax & falciparum
(2013.209)
6. Cyst of E. histolytica & E. coli (2012)
7. Amastigote & promasigote (2007)
8. Definitive host & intermediate host (2006,2016)
9. T. solium & T. saginata (2016)
10. E. histolytica & E. coli (2017)

COMMENTS ON:

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 1. P.K.D.L. (2015)
2. Extraintestinal manifestation of Entamoeba hystolytica (2015)
3. Role of cytokines may be important in malaria (2014)
4. Relapse is associated with B.T> malaria (2013,2006)
5. Relapse is not associated with each and every malarial infection. (2012)
6. Peripheral blood examination at mid night is important for diagnosis of classical
fiariasis. (2011)
7. Examination of raid segment of Taenia help in identification. (2011)
8. Autoinfection can occur in some worm infection. (2010)
9. Sand-fly (2010)
10. Hypnozoites are responsible for relapse of malaria. (2010)
11. Taenia solium infection is dangerous than Taenia saginata infection (2009)
12. Hook worm infection can cause severe anaemia. (2007)
13. By mere examination of ova of T. saginata & T. solium infection cannot be
differentiated. (2007)
14. The trophozoits of P.falciiparum are not found in P.B.S. (2006) 15. Microfilaria can be
stained smear from P.B.S. any time of the days.
16. Surgical intervention may be necessary in case of Acsaris infestation (2017)

VIROLOGY
LONG QUESTIONS:
1. A 40 year man with anorexia, indigestion and hematemesis, jaundice, fever on and
off associated with hepatomegaly. He had a history of blood transfusion 6 years back
when he met with an accident in a private hospital in a small town. What are the
etiological agents? Write the lab diagnosis, prevention method, advice to the
community and vaccines. (2010) (1+6+2+1) (Ans: Hep-B)
2. A 25 years old female restless, bizarre behaviour, revulsion to drinking water, bite of
dog in leg 6 months back. Write the diagnosis. Name the viruses, post exposure
prophylaxis and aiming for prevention. (2007,’13) (1+1+4+4) (Ans: Hydrophobia)
3. A 15 year old boy presented with mild fever, malaise, loss of appetite, yellowish
discolouration of eyes. He has recent history of injury 2 months back treated by
injections and wound repair in a clinic. Write the diagnosis, etiological agents, lab
diagnosis and prophylaxis for prevention. (2006) (1+1+5+3) (Ans: Hep-B)
4. A 40 years old truck driver presented with history of fever, weakness and wasting,
chronic diarrhoea for last one month. What is the provisional diagnosis? Write the
aetiological agents, lab diagnosis, and prevention of the disease in the community.
(2009,2017) (1+2+4+3) (Ans: HIV)

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 5. What are the arboviruses prevalent in India? Name the causative agent of Viral
Haemorrhagic Fever. Write the pathogenesis of Dengue Shock Syndrome. (3+3+4)
6. A non-immunised child presented with fever and loose motion with left sided deltoid
paralysis. Name the clinical condition. What are the aetiological agents? Write the lab
diagnosis, vaccine against them, principle behind recent man immunisation strategy
in India. (2+3+3+2) (2011) (Ans: Poliomyelitis)

SHORT NOTE:
1. Dengue haemorrhagic fever. (2006,2012)
2. HIV virus (2007)
3. Inclusion bodies (2009,2011,2017)
4. Post exposure prophylaxis. (2010)
5. Differences between measles and German measles. (2010)
6. Plasmid (2011)
7. Enumerate viral, parasitic and fungal opportunistic infections associated with HIV
infection (2012)
8. Negri bodies (2013,2015)
9. Rota virus (2013)
10. Prion (2014)
11. Cytopathogenic effects (2014)
12. Serological marker in HBV (2015)
13. Japanese encephalitis (2016)
14. Prion disease. (2016)

COMMENT ON:
1. Observation period of 10 days is recommended when a biting dog can be observed
in case of rabies. (2010)
2. Antigenic shift can cause pandemic (2011)
3. Varicella zoster differs from primary infection. (2011)
4. Lysogenic cycle. (2010)
5. Dengue haemorrhagic fever commonly occurs in endemic workers? (2009)
6. Viral infection may result in malignancy. (2009)
7. Some viruses are antigenic. (2007)
8. Emergence of new dengue serotypes in an endemic area is usually leads to
complication. (2016)
9. Viruses are very often cause diarrhoea in child. (2016)
10. Herpes virus may cause a variety of malignancy. (2015)
11. Bacteriophages may cause genetic alterations in bacteria. (2014)
12. Measles may cause CNS infection. (2014)
13. Viruses can be cultivated. (2014)
14. Interferon has some role in the containment of viral infection. (2013)
15. Influenza viruses are usually associated with antigenic variation. (2013)

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 16. Complications of dengue viruses are immunologically mediated. (2013)
17. Epstein-bar virus has a role in a number of malignant diseases. (2012)
18. Influenza vaccine does not give long term protection against influenza. (2012)
19. Hepatitis c
20. Some viruses are oncogenic (2017)
21. Anti-rabies neural vaccines are not used now-a-days (2017)
DIFFERENCES:
1. OPV & IPV (2009,2012,2017)
2. Virion & viriods (2007)
3. Antigenic shift and antigenic drift (2006)
4. Neural and non –neural vaccine for rabies (2015,2013)
5. Street virus & fixed virus (2011)
6. Orthomyxoviridae & paramyxoviridae (2011)

MYCOLOGY
LONG QUESTION:-
1. A middle aged man present at emergency with high fever, vomiting, neck stiffness
and convulsive episodes. He was tested to be HIV seropositive 6 month back. On
examination, there was neck rigidity and kernig’s sign.What is the Provisional
Diagnosis? What common fungal agent responsible for this condition? What is the
route of transmission? Lab diagnosis?
(Cryptococcal meningitis) (2015)

SHORT NOTE:
1. Eumycotic mycetoma(2006)
2. Dimorphic fungi(2007,2011)
3. SDA media(2009)
4. Mycetoma(2012)
5. Candida albicans(2013)
6. Opportunistic fungi(2014)
7. Aspergilosis (2015)
8. Macroconidia of Dermatophytes (2017) COMMENT ON:
1. Mycetoma like clinical features may be caused by bacteria as well as true fungi.
(2015)
2. Culture is necessary for darmatophytes. (2016)
3. Difference between mucor and rhizopus
4. KOH preparation is not sufficient enough to confirm diagnosis of specific
darmatophytic infection.

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 5. Examination of discharging granules indicates etiological diagnosis of mycetoma.
(2006)
6. SDA medium is a selective medium for fungal culture (2017)

DIFFERENCES:
1. Endothrix & Ectothirx (2017)

Forensic Medicine and Toxicology

Legal Procedure
1. Police inquest vs magistrate inquest (2016)
2. Hostile witness-who he is and how he is dealt with (2015,2016)
3. Dying deposition and why is it more superior to dying declaration
(2008,2011,2012)
4. Conduct money (2016)

MEDICAL LAW AND ETHICS

1. Informed consent (2009)
2. Res ipsa loquitur (2011)
3. Privileged communication (2008,2010)
4. Civil malpraxis vs Criminal malpraxis(2008,2012,2014)
5. Contributory negligence (2012,2016)
6. MLI- Exhumation (2013)
7. LQ- Define medical negligence and classify with examples. Describe defence
available by the doctor in case of charge of medical negligence.
8. MCI functions and constitution (2009,2011)

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 9. Concept of serious professional misconduct with example (2010)
10. Infamous conduct in professional sense with example (2012)
11. Vicarious Liability – SN (2017)
12. Difference – Professional Negligence & Infamous Conduct (2017)
13. Explain why- In court of law sometime leading questions are permitted during
examination in chief. (2017) 14.

IDENTIFICATION
1. MLI- Hair (2008,2011)
2. Human hair vs Animal hair (2011)
3. MLI- Age of 18 years (male + female) (2012)
4. Milk tooth vs Permanent tooth (2015)
5. Biological age (2013)
6. Dactylography (2015)
7. MLI- Tattoo marks (2008)
8. MLI- Scar marks (2016)
9. MLI- Teeth (2014)
10. Latent finger Print - SN (2017)

Death
1. Brain Death (2015)
2. Suspended Animation (2016)

WOUNDS AND THEIR MEDICOLEGAL

IMPORTANCE
1.Antemortem wound vs Postmortem wound (2010)

2.MLI-Defence wound (2013)

MECHANICAL INJURIES
1.Bruise, its differences with PM staining (2009)

2. MLI-Patterned bruise

3. MLI-Abrasion collar (2010)

4.Beveled cut (2016)

5.Stab injury over right ventricle is more dangerous than left ventricle (2009)

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6.MLI-Tailling of wound (2009,2012,2014)

7.Self inflected wound (2010)

8.Cut throat (2015)

9.Suicidal injuries vs homicidal injuries (2015)

10.Abortifacient marking (2011)

11.Abration is superior to bruise (2015)

12.Wound of entrance vs wound of exit (when fired from a revolver) (2008,2010,2014)

13.MLI-Parallel lines of bruise (2011)

14.Mass of the bullet is made of lead-explain (2014)

15.One gunshot wound of entrance with multiple exit wounds-explain (2012)

Define Mechanical injuries, describe diff type of lacerated injuries (2015)

A male person was found lying on a railway track with lacerated injuries over back of
head, discuss how you can ascertain the manner of death and times scenes death (2008)

Define Bruise. How can you determine age of Bruise? How dose parallel Bruise occur?
(1+2+2) (2017)

REGIONAL INJURIES
1. Countercoup and coup injuries-their mechanism
2. EW – In extreme of age epidural haemorrhage is rare but subdural haemorrhage is
common. (2017)

MEDICOLEGAL AUTOPSY
1. Negative autopsy (2012)
2. Obscure autopsy (2009)
3. Difference – Medico legal Autopsy & Pathological Autopsy (2017)

PM CHANGES
1. MLI – mummification (2009)
2. MLI- PM staining (2014,2008)
3. Adiopocere (2009)
4. MLI – Algor mortis (2011)
5. Colour changes is not seen in sub conjunctival haemorrhage (2012,2008)
6. Primary relaxation vs secondary relaxation (2009)
7. Rigor Mortis-Definition, physiochemical process of development, factor influencing
its onset and distribution (2012)

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 8. Define Rigor Mortis. Describe in brief its Mechanism of formation. Discuss the other
condition mimic rigor mortis. (1+2+2) (2017)

THERMAL DEATH
1. Rule of nine (2008,2012)
2. Ante mortem burns vs post-mortem burns (2010)
3. Pugilistic appearance of the death body of the burns. Explain (2010)
4. Burnt vs Scald (2011)
5. Alkali burns are more extensive and damaging than acid burns (2013)
6. Classify thermal injuries due to local application of heat. (2014)
7. Describe PM findings in case of ante mortem burn. (2014) 8. EW- Wilsons second
degree Burg is most pain full. (2017)

ASPHYXIA
1. Tardieu’s spot appears in all violent asphyxia death except for drowning cases
(2008)
2. Burking, Choking (2009)
3. Partial hanging (2008)
4. Fresh water drowning vs sea water drowning (2013, 2016)
5. Dried drowning vs Wet drowning (2012)
6. Diatom test is not confirmatory of death due to ante mortem drowning (2014)
7. Ligature mark of hanging vs strangulation (2008)
8. Torture findings is more objective than subjective (2009)
9. Define Strangulation, Description of PM findings in case of Strangulation by
ligature. (2013)
10. Hyoid Bone – MLI (2017)
11. Saliva stain – MLI (2017)

IMPOTENCE AND STERILITY

1. Impotence – definition, causes of impotence in male, MLI (2013)
2. Quod Hanc (2013)

VIRGINITY, PREGNANCY AND

DELIVERY
1. True vs false virgin (2009,2012)
2. Lochia (2010,2015)
3. Artificial insemination (2015)
4. MLI of Hymen (2015)
5. MLI of Pregnancy (2013)
6. Hymen has little value in test of virginity-explain (2013,2016)

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 7. Immunological test of pregnancy is not regarded as the surest sign of pregnancy
explain (2011,2014)
8. Umbilical Cord – MLI (2017)

SEXUAL OFFENCES AND

PREVENSIONS
1. Rape is not a medical opinion-explain (2009)
2. Not detection of sperm in vaginal swab in true victim of rape (2015)
3. Medical evidence of sexual intercourse is not a legal evidence of rape (2011)
4. Rape-definition of 2013, medical examination of a unmarried 16y girl who
alleged to have several assault 24h back (2016)
5. Define Rape, Medico legal examination of raped girl, which occurs 24h ago.
(2013)

FORENSIC PSYCHIATRY
1. Hallucination(SN) (2014) (2008)
2. Impulse (SN) (2012) (2016)
3. Delusion is regarded on of the surest sign of insanity. (Explain why) (2016)
4. True and feigned mental illness (Difference) (2016)
5. Define delusion. Briefly describe the different types of delusion. Write medico
legal importance of delusion.1+3+1=5 (2015)
6. True and Feigned Insanity. (Difference) (2013)
7. Testimonial Capacity – SN (2017)

TOXICOLOGY
1. Define drunkenness. Write the treatment of methyl alcohol poisoning. 1+4=5 (2014)
2. Write down the specific antidote for-a) Morphine Poisoning b) Oxalic acid Poisoning
1+1=2 (2014)

3. Give the fatal dose of- a) Ricin b) Aconite c) Kerosene oil d) White arsenic e) Nicotine
1+1+1+1+1=5 (2014)

4. Name the toxic salts of arsenic. Write in short the clinical features of chronic arsenic
poisoning.1+5=6 (2012)

5. Mention the active principles of –a) Cannabis indicia b) Semi carpus anticardium c)
Croton seeds
d) Strychnas nuxvomica 1+1+1+1=4 (2012)

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6. mention the preservatives to be used in the cases of following poisons – a) Aconite b)
Alcohol c)
Hydrochloric acid d) Mercuric chloride1+1+1+1=4 (2008)

7. Write the fatal dose of – a) Mercuric chloride b) copper sulphate c) Crude opium
1+1+1=3 (2008)

8. Explain the meaning the term drug abuse and enumerate the differences between drug
habituation and drug addiction 1+2+2=4 (2010)

9. write short note on – a) Plumbism b) Vitriolage c) Aconite 2+2+2=6 (2010)

10. Mention criminal uses in following poisons – a) Aconite b) Dhatura seeds c) Calotropis
1+1+1=3 (2010)

11. Define chelating agents. Mention the doses, root of administration, indication of using
BAL and EDTA. 1+2+2=5 (2011)

12. Write the specific antidote – a) Morphine poisoning b) Organo- phosphorus poisoning
c) Chronic lead poisoning 1+1+1=3(2011)

13. Enumerate –a) Poisons causing convulsion.

b) Poisons causing hurried respiration.

c) Poisons diagnosed by odour.

d) Poisons causing constriction of pupils. 1+1+1+1=4 (2011)

14. A person alleged to have been bitten by a snake. The local people killed the snake and
brought the patient and dead snake to the causality department. Now by examining
both how you will decide –

a) whether the snake was poisonous or non-poisonous.

b) How the bite mark helps to consider whether it was poisonous or not.

c) What are the snake against which the anti-venom available in India is effective.
d) Name a vegetable poison which produce sign and symptoms similar to snake bite.
2+1+2+1=6 (2016)

15. What is plumbism? Describe in short the sign and symptoms and management of a
case of plumbism. 1+4=5 (2015)

16. Write specific antidote for – A) Methyl alcohol poisoning b) Organo-phosphorus

poisoning c) Cobra bite 1+1+1=3 (2015)

17.Explain Why – a) Poisons may not be detected in Viscera even after death from
poisoning.

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 b) Some amount of Fresh Potassium Permanganate Solution is left in the
stomach after completion of gastric Lavage?1.5+1.5=3 (2015)

18. Write in short the signs, symptoms and treatment of chronic lead poisoning. 5 (2013)

19. Mention Active principals of – a) Abrus precatorius b) Dhatura c) Aconnite root d) Yellow
oleander Nuts e) Cerbera thevetia 1+1+1+1+1=5 (2013)

19. Name the poisons causing constriction of pupils. Write in short the signs and symptoms
and treatment of anyone.1+2+2=5 (2009)

20. Mention the criminal uses of the following poisons – a) Sui b) Marking nut c) Capsicum
seed 2+2+2=6 (2009)

21. Mention the active principle in the following poisons – a) Abrus precatorius b) Cannabis
indica

c) Nux Vomica d) Dhatura 1+1+1=3 (2009)

22. Write Clinical Features & Management in case of accidental ingestion of parathion.
What are the
Precautions to be taken to minimize occupational exposure? (2+2+1) (2017)

23. Write briefly on any two of the following

a) Polyvalent Anti snake venom used in India.

b) Anaemia & Basophilic stripling occur in Chronic Lead Poisoning.

c) Legal responsibilities of a Medical Practitioner attending a case of suspected case of

poisoning.(2017

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