Protection Application Example

380 kV OHL

11.4. Zone Z3

Figure 33: Settings for Zone Z3

1321 Operating mode Z3: Zone Z3 is used as reverse time delayed back-up stage
(refer to Table 1). It must therefore be set in the reverse direction.
1322 R(Z3), Resistance for ph-ph faults: Resistance coverage settings for back-up
protection with distance protection zones is defined by a lower limit and upper
limit. The lower limit is the minimum fault resistance (arc resistance) that
must be covered, and the upper limit is based on the corresponding X reach
setting. Note that for high resistance faults (not arc faults), the other infeeds
to the reverse fault cause severe underreach.
As no detailed values are available, it is safe to assume that the required arc
resistance coverage is the same as that calculated for faults on Line 1.
Therefore the setting for R(Z1), 2.830 Ohm, defines the lower limit. The upper
limit is given by reach symmetry constraints and states that R(Z3)<6 times
X(Z3). Looking ahead, X(Z3) is set to 2.211 Ohm, so the upper limit is
13.266 Ohm. A setting halfway between these limits is a safe compromise:

R( Z1) + 6 ⋅ X ( Z 3)
R ( Z 3) =
2
2.83 + 6 ⋅ 2.211
R ( Z 3) =
2
R ( Z 3) = 8.048Ω(sec)

The applied setting therefore is 8.048 Ohm.

1323 X(Z3), Reactance: According to the grading requirement in Table 1:

X ( Z 3) = 0.5 ⋅ X Line1 ⋅ CTratio

VTratio
X ( Z 3) = 0.5 ⋅ 80 ⋅ 0.21 ⋅ 0.2632
X ( Z 3) = 2.211Ω(sec)

The applied setting therefore is 2.211 Ohm.

7SA522/7SA6 Application Example Page 47 of 82

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