Protection Application Example

380 kV OHL

1342 R(Z5), Resistance for ph-ph faults: Resistance coverage settings for back-up
protection with distance protection zones is defined by a lower limit and upper
limit. The lower limit is the minimum fault resistance (arc resistance) that
must be covered, and the upper limit is based on the corresponding X reach
setting. Note that for high resistance faults (not arc faults), the other infeeds
to the reverse fault cause severe underreach.
As no detailed values are available, the required arc resistance coverage is
calculated for the arc voltage (5 m) and 50% of nominal current or 500A
primary.

2500V / m ⋅ 2 ⋅ 5m CTratio
R ( Z 5) min = ⋅
500 A VTratio
2500 ⋅ 2 ⋅ 5
R ( Z 5) min = ⋅ 0.2632
500
R ( Z 5) min = 13.16Ω(sec)

This setting would ensure detection in Zone 5 if the arc voltage is as

calculated in Chapter 11.1 for 5m conductor spacing and the fault current is
at least 500A. The upper limit is given by reach symmetry constraints and
states that R(Z5)<6 times X(Z5)+ or X(Z5)-. Looking ahead, X(Z5) is set to
17.782 Ohm, so the upper limit is 106.69 Ohm. This is far into the load area
(refer to parameter 1241 calculated in Chapter 10.1). A setting of double the
minimum is a safe compromise:

R ( Z 5) = R ( Z 5) min ⋅ 2
R ( Z 5) = 13.16 ⋅ 2
R ( Z 5) = 26.32

The applied setting therefore is 26.320 Ohm.

1343 X(Z5)+, Reactance for forward direction: According to the grading

requirement in Table 1:

X ( Z 5) = 1.2 ⋅ ( X Line1 + X Line 2 ) ⋅ CTratio

VTratio
X ( Z 5) = 1.2 ⋅ (80 ⋅ 0.21 + 39.5) ⋅ 0.2632
X ( Z 5) = 17.782Ω(sec)

The applied setting therefore is 17.782 Ohm.

1344 RE(Z5), Resistance for ph-e faults: Similar to the R(Z5) setting, the upper and
lower limits are defined by minimum required reach and symmetry. In this
applicationset RE(Z5) reach to the same as R(Z5); therefore set 26.320 Ohm.

7SA522/7SA6 Application Example Page 49 of 82

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