Reference Points in IMS

Module-4
INDUSTRIAL SAFETY
&
ENTREPRENEURSHIP
No Topic Key Points
1 The importance and need The importance of industrial safety was realized because of
for safety measures in the fact that every year millions occupational/ industrial
industries accidents occur which result in loss of production time
equivalent to millions of man hours, machine hours etc.

1. Increasing the production rate.

2. Reducing the cost of production
3. Reducing damage to machinery and equipment.
4. Preventing unwanted suffering and pain to employees
of the organization.
5. Preventing premature/untimely death of talented
workers who may be an asset to the enterprise and
society.
6. Promoting and cultivating a harmonious environment.

2 Factory Factory: A place where in 10 or more people are working in

a manufacturing process is going on electricity, oil etc.

Accident: It’s an unplanned incident.

Accident

Frequency rate Frequency rate: Frequency rate is the number of occupational

accidents with leave for 1 000 000 worked hours.
Frequency rate = [(number of accidents with sick leave X 1 06)
/number of worked hours]

Severity rate Severity rate: The rate of severity represents the number of days
compensated for 1 000 worked hours, that is the number of days
lost by temporary disability for 1 000 worked hours.

Severity rate = [(number of days compensated x 1000 )/ number of

worked hours]
Incidence rate.
Incidence rate: It is defined as the number of occupational injuries
and /or illness of lost work days per full hundred full time
employees.

Incidence rate = [(number of injuries x 1000 )/ total number of

employees]
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 Performance index Performance index: Performance index is the square root of the
product of frequency and severity rate divided by 1000 and it’s also
known as frequency severity index.

Performance index= [(Frequency rate x Severity rate)/1000]

Accident proneness Accident proneness:The small proportions of the workers in

the industry receive a large proportion of injuries and workers
in these groups are said to be accident prone.

Unsafe acts Unsafe acts:

1. Improper safety wearing

2. Operating equipment without authority.
3. Severity of work
4. Excessive speed.
5. Long working hours.
6. Drugs.
7. Improper loading or unloading.

Unsafe conditions. Unsafe conditions:

1. Improper lighting and ventilation

2. Inadequate machine guarding
3. Poor design
4. Poor housekeeping
5. Excessive noise
6. High humidity
7. Radiation exposure

Job safety analysis A properly trained safety engineer can reduce or prevent accidents
by proper analysis and implement safety policies. By analyzing
movement and time we can reduce it. Tools and machines used
properly and taking proper safety precaution for the work can be
achieved by proper analysis.
Plant safety inspections Plant safety inspections: A program for inspecting the entire
workplace at least once a month must be developed with the joint
health and safety committee. A good inspector will be capable of
getting cooperation from everyone.

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Industrial safety policy.
3 The various accident factors
1. Mechanical factors
2. Environmental factors
3. Personal factors.
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There are four main types of inspections:
1. Formal (Planned) - normally done by using a written
checklist and carried out by a team at regular intervals.
2. Informal (On the spot) -Done by management,
supervisors and JHSC or H&S representatives by
observing the area for unsafe acts and conditions, and
noting the issues in the daily log or by completing a
simple form.
3. Specialized inspections - conducted by specialists (for
example on boilers, electrical equipment, mechanical
or ventilation systems).
4. Regulatory - normally consists of inspections required
by the OHS regulations. Examples include inspection
of fall protection equipment.
Industrial safety policy:
1. An industrial safety policy which give priority to safety
and health at work.
2. Provide adequate resource to implement the policy
3. Make it everybody responsibility
4. Make awareness
5. Improve commitment
6. Ensure all employees are as the part of safety.
7. Overall cost can be saved.
Mechanical factors :
1. Improper machine guarding
2. Unsafe construction
3. Defective devices
4. Unsafe apparel
5. Leaking acid valves
6. Broken safety guards
Environmental factors
1. High temperature
2. High humidity
3. Excessive dust
4. High noise
5. Lengthy working hours
6. Poor house keeping
Personal factors.
1. Age
2. Financial situation
3. Family
4. Stress
5. Attitude
6. Carelessness
7. Drugs
 4 The 4 E's of accident 1. Engineering
prevention technique 2. Education
3. Enterprising
4. Enforcement

Engineering Methods: This involves using of proper

machine tools, proper transport use protective devices,
alarm system, evacuation plan in case of fire etc.

Education: Educate employees to practices to be followed

to ensure safety. I can be done through induction, training,
using proper supervisor, forming safety committees etc.

Enterprising: It’s developing safety consciousness to the

workers and management. By providing prizes for keeping
zero accidents, Cross mark all accident area, safety
postures, safety training, lectures etc.

Enforcement: It’s forcing everyone to follow the rules.

Everyone should be contributed to get ensure safety.
5 Role of safety council and A safety committee can be an important way to improve
safety officer. conditions on the job. The committee provides a forum for
employees and management to work together to solve safety
problems. An effective committee can help prevent injury and
illness on the job; increase awareness of health and safety
issues among workers, supervisors, and managers; and
develop strategies to make the work environment safe.’

Hazard Identification, Evaluation, and Control

1. Review injury data, accident reports, and workers’
compensation records.
2. Conduct regular walk around inspections to identify
potential safety hazards.
3. Conduct safety and health job analyses to identify
problems.
4. Design and conduct health and safety surveys.
5. Collect and review Material Safety Data Sheets.
6. Propose and evaluate various ways to improve safety
conditions.
7. Get recommendations acted upon.
8. Review and evaluate corrective actions taken by
management.

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 Safety officer

1. The Safety Officer is responsible for monitoring and

assessing hazardous and unsafe situations.
2. Developing measures to assure personnel safety.
3. Correct unsafe acts or conditions through the regular
line of authority.
4. May exercise emergency authority to prevent or stop
unsafe acts when immediate action is required.
5. The Safety Officer maintains awareness of active and
developing situations.
6. Ensures there are safety messages in each Incident
Action Plan.
7. Participate in planning meetings to identify any health
and safety concerns inherent in the operations daily
work-plan.
8. Review the Incident Action Plan for safety
implications.
9. Investigate accidents that have occurred within
incident areas.
10. Ensure preparation and implementation of Site Safety
and Health Plan

6 Emergency preparedness and Emergencies can create a variety of hazards for workers in
response. the impacted area. Preparing before an emergency incident
plays a vital role in ensuring that employers and workers have
the necessary equipment, know where to go, and know how
to keep themselves safe when an emergency occurs. These
Emergency Preparedness and Response provide information
on how to prepare and train for emergencies and the hazards
to be aware of when an emergency occurs. It provide
information for employers and workers across industries, and
for workers who will be responding to the emergency.
7 The precautions to be Six ways prevent accidents in the workplace:
observed in preventing
accident while working in 1. Always be alert.
hazardous environment. 2. Conduct 4 E program
3. Don't rush to work.
4. Do safety analysis
5. Wear required safety equipment’s.
6. Follow instructions properly
7. Pay attention to and follow emergency
8. Insist upon proper training.

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 8 Profile of an entrepreneur
9 Functions of an entrepreneur
10 The risk taking qualities of an
entrepreneur
11 The different factors
contributing to the failure of
entrepreneurial ventures
12 The concept of DSIR,TBI,
MSME
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1. Energetic
2. Initiative
3. Updated technology knowledge
4. Information seeking
5. See and acts on opportunities
6. Quality of work
7. Commitment to work
8. Highly efficient
9. Systematic planning
10. Monitoring
1. Manage business
2. Take decisions
3. Select plant size and site
4. Promote new inventions
5. Decide pricing policy
6. Coordinate
7. Employ the labors
8. Arrange raw material machines and finance.
9. Distribute wages
10. Deal with govt departments
1. Leadership
2. Technical competence
3. Self confidence
4. Flexibility
5. High level of motivation
6. Physical fitness
7. Organizing ability
8. Creativity
9. Patience
10. Competitiveness
1. Poor management
2. Production problem
3. High fixed cost
4. Marketing production problem
5. Financial problem
DSIR
The Department of Scientific and Industrial Research
(DSIR) is a part of the Ministry of Science and Technology,
which was announced through a Presidential Notification,
dated January 4, 1985 (74/2/1/8 Cab.) contained in the 164th
Amendment of the Government of India (Allocation of
Business) Rules, 1961.
 Which has two category

1. Proof of concept /prototypes/models guidelines

Eligibility: Any Indian citizen having innovative idea

Scope and support: This is mainly for the projects up
to 5 lakhs. Which are mainly concentrating on green
technology, clean energy, waste management etc.
Maximum support of 2 lakh or 90% of the approved
project cost which one is lower will be provided.

2. Fabrication of working model/process know

how/Testing/Technology transfer guieliness
Eligibility: Any Indian citizen having innovative idea
Scope and support: Project cost from 5 lakh to 35
lakh is dealing here. This may include working
model/process know how/Testing/Technology transfer
guidelines etc. This mainly focuses on health care,
waste management, water and sewage plant etc.
Maximum support of 20 lakh or 90% of the approved
project cost which one is lower will be provided

TBI: Technology business incubator

TBI is globally recognized as an important tool for job
and economic development.
Objectives:
1. To create job, wealth and business.
2. To promote new technology
3. Improve R & D
4. To provide cost effective value added services.
Eligibility for submission of proposal:
1. Submit proposal in host institute ie academic R&D
or technical institution.
2. Host institute should be a legal entity with TBI.
3. Host institute should be existing for the last 3
years.
4. The proposal should be completed one.

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13 The steps involved in starting
small-scale industry
14 The procedure for the
registration of SSI
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MSMEs: Micro small and medium enterprises.
This mainly aims for employment expansion and poverty
alleviation. Entrepreneurship is promoting here. Under
business incubators such business is developed financial
support and training are provided by business incubators.
IIT , NIT , Engineering colleges, R &D, Technology
development centers etc will be acts as business incubators.
Each BI will provide 6 to 8 lakhs per idea/ unit nurtured by
them. This amount can be maximum of 62.5 Lakhs for 10
units.
Additional supports like up gradation of infrastructure (2.5
lakh), Training (1.28 lakh), and Administrative expenses
(0.22 lakhs). Etc are providing through BI.
1. Decide the product through survey, using knowledge skill
etc.
2. Prepare project report.
3. Decide type of ownership
4. Decide factory location.
5. Buy land or rent a place.
6. Invite quotation for machinery and equipment.
7. Apply for registration
8. Plan finance
9. Apply loan and follow-up.
10. Place order for machinery.
11. Apply for power
12. Plan layout of machinery.
13. Apply for tax card.
14. Apply for raw material.
15. Recruit more staff.
16. Conduct trail.
17. Decide pricing and marketing
18. Maintain account
19. Concentrate on production and sales.
There are two type of registration
Provisional registration
1. Apply for shed in industrial area.
2. Apply for power
3. Apply for finance
4. Apply for machinery
5. Apply for tax
6. Apply for importing licence.

15 Identify the network of
financial assistances given to
an entrepreneur.
16 Identify the different
constituents of feasibility
study
Permanent registration
1. Factory building is ready
2. Machinery and testing material should be installed.
3. Obtain power connection.
4. Apply for permanent registration.
SIDBI
IDBI
NSIC
State financial cooperation
Financial assistance by bank
State government assistance.
The steps for feasibility study are as follows
1. Market and demand survey
2. Product and production analysis
3. Material and manpower input
4. Manpower
5. Location of sites
6. Economical and technical feasibility evaluation
7. Technical feasibility

17 Prepare the feasibility report A business plan is a written statement of what we hope to
project report achieve in business and how. It will give step by step idea
how to reach destination.

A business plan or feasibility report contain the following

1. What product /service
2. How the business achieve the goals
3. When it will produce
4. Why is the business?

Content of report
1. Summary
2. Introduction
3. Project location
4. Land and building
5. Plant and machinery
6. Assets
7. Production process and program
8. Raw material manpower and other utilities.
9. Market demand analysis.
10. Requirement of fund.
11. Cost of production and profit expected.
12. Break even analysis
13. Implementation scheme
14. Payment schedule

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