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    CamScanner 10 14 2020 17.31.17

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    CamScanner 10 14 2020 17.31.17

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    Farhannah Macadato Pumbaya
    26 views13 pages

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    CamScanner-10-14-2020-17.31.17

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    26 views13 pages

    CamScanner 10 14 2020 17.31.17

    Uploaded by

    Farhannah Macadato Pumbaya

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    of 13
    Nursing Theorists e Florence Nightingale : e Virginia Henderson : Theories/m, “Environmental Mode|” “Definitions and Com Odels e Faye Abdellah: * Dorothy Johnson : Ponents 5 _“Patient-Centered A e Imogene King : e Madeleine Leininger: © Myra Levine: e Betty Neuman: ¢ Dorothea Orem: ¢ Hildegard Peplau: ¢ Martha Rogers : ¢ Sister Callista Roy : ¢ Lydia Hall : ¢ Ida Jean Orlando : ¢ Ernestine Wiedenbach: ¢ Jean Watson: “Behavioral System Model” “Systems Framework and Theory Attainment” oF Goa “Theory of Culture Care DiversipN Universality” — “The Conservation Prin | for Health” | “The Neuman System Model” | “Self-Care Deficit Nursing Moder" | “Interpersonal Relations in Nursing” “Science of Unitary Human Beings” “Roy Adaptation Model” ee “Core, Care and Cure Model” “Nursing Process Discipline” “The Prescriptive Theory of Nursing” “Theory of Transpersonal Caring” ciples, A Moda ¢ Rosemarie Rizzo Parse: * Joyce Travelbee: * Josephine Paterson and Loretta Zderad: * Helen Erickson, Evelyn Tomlin and Mary Ann Swain ; |_* Margaret Newman: * Patricia Benner : “Theory, of Human Becoming” “Interpersonal Aspects of Nursing | _| Model” “Humanistic Nursing” Theory” —L “Health as Expanding Consciousness” __| “Primacy of Caring Model,” “From Novice to Expert Model” “Nursing as Caring” | “The Modeling and Role-Modeling | “The Rhythm Model” ealth Promotion Model” aternal Role Attainment Model” | “M Scanned with CamScanner Nursing Theories Florence Nightingale (mid-1800) Developed and described the first theory of nursing, “Environmental Model” (“Notes on Nursing: What It Is, What It Is Not”). She focused on changing and manipulating the environment in order to put the patient in the best possible conditions for nature to act (nursing and the patient environment relationships). She believed that in the nurturing environment, the body could repair itself. Client's environment is manipulated to include appropriate noise, nutrition, hygiene, light, comfort, socialization and hope. She provided the nursing profession the “Legacy of Caring.” Virginia Henderson (1955) Introduced “The Nature of Nursing Model” (“Definitions and Components of Nursing”). She identified fourteen basic needs on which nursing care is based. She postulated that the unique function of the nurse is to assist the clients, sick or well, in the performance of those activities contributing to health or its recovery, that clients would perform unaided if they had the necessary strength, will or knowledge. She further believed that nursing involves assisting the client in gaining independence as rapidly as Possible, or assisting him achieve peaceful death if recovery is no longer Possible. Faye Abdellah (1960) Introduced “Patient - Centered Approaches to Nursing Model”. She identified twenty-one nursing problems which determine nursing care. She He nursing as service to individuals and families; therefore to society. ae Saas she conceptualized nursing as an art and a science that molds les, intellectual competencies and technical skills of the individual nurse into the desire and ability to hel le, sick or well, and cope with their health needs, 7 a ; i Scanned with CamScanner Dorothy E. Johnson (1960, 1580) Conceptualized the “Behavioral System Model”. According to 0 hng, each person as a behavioral system is composed of seven subsystems nay On, t ., e| 1. Ingestive. Taking in nourishment in socially and culty, acceptable ways. : “ rally 2. Eliminative. Riding the body of waste in socially ang cult acceptable ways. ly . Affiliative. Security seeking behavior. . Aggressive. Self - protective behavior. Dependence. Nurturance — seeking behavior. : ._ Achievement. Master of oneself and one’s environment According ty internalized standards of excellence. 7. Sexual and role identity behavior. Daww Disturbances in these subsystems cause nursing problems, In addition, she viewed that each Person strives to achieve balance ang stability both internally and externally and to function effectively by adjusting and adapting to environmental forces through learned patterns of response, Furthermore, Johnson believed that the patient strives to become a Person whose behavior is commensurate with social demands; who is able to modify his behavior in ways that support biologic imperatives; who is able to benefit to the fullest extent during illness from the health care professionals knowledge and skills; and whose behavior does not give evidence of unnecessary trauma as a consequence of illness, Imogene King (1971, 1981) Postulated the She described Nursin; 8roups in Soci Nurses help ii “Systems Framework and Goal Attainment Theory. 8 as a helping profession that assists individuals and) lety to attain, maintain, and restore health, If this is not possible individuals die with dignity, ™ addition, 4; cli on, Kj 9 . went and nurse when =, owed nursing as an interaction process betwee") eacong ; Sreby during Perceiy; A ving, setti i them and goals are achieved, » Seting goals, and foes Scanned with CamScanner geleine Leininger (1978, 1984) Ma “Theory of Culture Ca; " a Developed the re Diversity and Unj : ascultural Nursing Model). She advocated that nursing is a human " -ontific mode of helping a client through specific cultural caring ae and ieural values, beliefs and practices) to improve or Maintain a = cul condition- Advocated that caring is universal and varies transculturally. Major cepts include care, caring, culture, cultural values and cultural variations. cont 5 Furthermore, Leininger believed that caring serves to ameliorate or . qprove human conditions and life base. And that care is the essence and the eau distinctive and unifying feature of nursing. Myra Estrin Levine (1973) Described the “Conservation Principles: A Model for Health”. She advocated that nursing is a human interaction and proposed four conservation principles of nursing which are concerned with the unity and integrity of the individual. Holism is maintained by conserving integrity. The four conservation principles are as follows: 1. Conservation of energy. The human body functions by utilizing energy. The human body needs energy producing input (food, oxygen, fluids) to allow energy utilization as output. Conservation of Structural Integrity. The human body has physical boundaries (skin and mucous membrane) that must be maintained to facilitate health and prevent harmful agents from entering the body. jonservation of Personal Integrity. The nursing interventions are iid Ai Conservation of the individual client’s personality. Every tustbe has a sense of identity, self worth and self esteem, which Saha and enhanced by nurses. : Teflects the of Social integrity. The social integrity of the client Health care j ae and the community in which the client functions. important fo Stitutions may separate individuals from their family. It is family, "nurses to consider the individual in the context of the + Scanned with CamScanner r

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