Problems on Modulation

techniques

Quote of the day

“Any man who reads too much and uses his
own brain too little falls into lazy habits of
thinking.”
― Albert Einstein
 Important formulae to solve AM problems
e(t )  Ec cos(c t ) where c  2f c
Em
em (t )  Em cosm t m 
Ec
Emax  Emin
Emax  Ec  Em Emin  Ec  Em m 
Emax  Emin

E 2c2 2
Bandwidth  2 f m E E
Pc  2  c  Pc  c for R  1
R 2R 2

E 2c  m2   m2  m 2 E 2c m 2
Pt (total )  1    1   Pc PLSB  PUSB   Pc
2  2   2  8 4

transmission efficiency 
/ 2 Pc

m
m2 2


1  m 2 Pc 2  m 2
2

For an AM, amplitude of modulating signal is 0.5 V and
carrier amplitude is 1V.Find Modulation Index.
Solution: Ec = 1 V and Em = 0.5 V
We know that

Em
m 
Ec

0.5
m 
1

m  0.5
When the modulation percentage is 75%, an AM transmitter
radiates 10KW Power. How much of this is carrier Power?

Solution: Pt = 10 KW and m=0.75

We know that
Pt (total )
 m 2
  Pc 
Pt (total )  1   Pc  m2 
 2  1  
 2 

10 103
 Pc 
 0.752   Pc  7.8 103W
1  
 2 

 Pc  7.8KW
An AM transmitter radiates 20KW. If the modulation Index is
0.7. Find the carrier Power.(June-July2009(2002 scheme))

Solution: Pt = 20 KW and m=0.7

We know that
Pt (total )
 m 2
  Pc 
Pt (total )  1   Pc  m2 
 2  1  
 2 

20 103
 Pc 
 0.7 2   Pc  16.064103W
1  
 2 

 Pc  16.064KW
 The total Power content of an AM signal is 1000W.
Determine the power being transmitted at carrier
frequency and at each side bands when modulation
percentage is 100%. .(Dec 2014-Jan 2015)
Solution: Pt = 1000 W and m=1
We know that
 m2  Pt (total )
Pt (total )  1   Pc  Pc 
 2   m2 
1  
1103  2 
 Pc 
 12   Pc  666.67W
1  
 2
1
 m2  PUSB  PLSB     666.67
PUSB  PLSB    Pc 4
 4 
 Pc  166.67W
A500W, 100KHz carrier is modulated to a depth of 60% by
modulating frequency of 1KHz. Calculate the total power
transmitted. What are the sideband components of AM
Wave?(Dec –Jan 2010(2006 scheme))
Solution: Pc = 500 W, fc =100 KHz, m = 60% = .6 and fm =1 KHz
We know that
 m2   0.6 2 
Pt (total )  1   Pc  Pt (total )  1  500
 2   2 

 Pt (total )  590 W

We know that
 fUSB  f c  f m  f LSB  f c  f m

 fUSB  101 KHz  f LSB  99 KHz

 A400W, 1MHz carrier is amplitude-modulated with a sinusoidal
signal 0f 2500Hz. The depth of modulation is 75%. Calculate the
sideband frequencies, bandwidth, and power in sidebands and
the total power in modulated wave. (June-July2008(2006 scheme))
Solution: Pc = 400 W, fc =1 MHz, m = 75% = .75 and fm =2.5 KHz
We know that
 fUSB  fc  fm f LSB  fc  fm  BW  2 f m
 fUSB  1002.5 KHz  f LSB  997.5 KHz  BW  2  2.5KHz  5KHz
We know that
 m2   0.752 
Pt (total )  1   Pc  Pt (total )  1  400
 2   2 

 Pt (total )  512.5 W

 m2   0.752 
PUSB  PLSB    Pc PUSB  PLSB   400  56.25 W
 4   4 
 A Carrier of 750 W,1MHz is amplitude modulated by sinusoidal
signal of 2 KHz to a depth of 50%. Calculate Bandwidth, Power in
side band and total power transmitted.
Solution: Pc = 750 W, fc =1 MHz, m = 50% = .5 and fm =2 KHz
We know that
 fUSB  f c  f m  f LSB  f c  f m
 fUSB  1002 KHz  f LSB  998 KHz  BW
 BW
 fUSB
 2f LSB
f m 44 KHz
KHz
We know that
 m2   0.52 
Pt (total )  1   Pc  Pt (total )  1  750
 2   2 

 Pt (total )  843.75 W

 m2   0.52 
PUSB  PLSB    Pc PUSB  PLSB   750  46.875 W
 4   4 
 Calculate the percentage power saving when one side
band and carrier is suppressed in an AM signal with
modulation index equal to 1.(VTU Model QP-2014)
Solution: m = 1
We know that
 m2  3
Pt (total )  1   Pc  Pc Psuppressed  Pc  PLSB
 2  2

 m2  1 5
 Psuppressed  Pc    Pc  Psuppressed  Pc    Pc  Pc
 4   4 4

Psuppressed
Amount of power saved 
Ptotal
5
Pc 10
Amount of power saved  
4
 0.833  83.3%
3
Pc 12 2
 Calculate the percentage power saving when one side
band and carrier is suppressed in an AM signal if
percentage of modulation is 50%.
Solution: m = 0.5
We know that
 m2  9
Pt (total )  1   Pc  Pc Psuppressed  Pc  PLSB
 2  8

 m2  P 1 17
 Psuppressed  Pc    Pc suppressed  Pc    Pc  Pc
 4   16  16

Psuppressed
Amount of power saved 
Ptotal
9
Amount of power saved 
Pc 9  16

8
 0.944  94.4%
17
16 Pc 8  17
A Sinusoidal carrier frequency of 1.2MHz is amplitude modulated by a
sinusoidal voltage of frequency 20KHz resulting in maximum and
minimum modulated carrier amplitude of 110V & 90V respectively.
Calculate
I. frequency of lower and upper side bands
II. unmodulated carrier amplitude
III. Modulation index IV. Amplitude of each side band.
Solution: fc =1.2 MHz, Emax = 110V, Emin = 90V and fm =20 KHz
We know that
 fUSB  f c  f m  f LSB  f c  f m

 fUSB  1220 KHz  f LSB  1180 KHz

We also know that

Emax  Emin Emax  Emin E max  E min
Ec  & Em  also m 
2 2 E max  E min
110  90 110  90 m 110
 .90
EEc c  100V
 E E  10V
m m m  0 1
2 2 110  90
 An audio frequency signal 10 sin(2π×500t) is used to amplitude
modulate a carrier of 50 sin(2π×105t).Calculate. (JAN2015)
I.frequency of side bands IV. Amplitude of each side band.
II. Bandwidth V. Transmission efficiency
III. Modulation index VI. Total power delivered to a load of 600Ω.
Solution: fm =500 Hz , Em = 10V, fc =100 KHz and Ec = 50V.
We know that  fUSB  f c  f m  f LSB  f c  f m  BW  2 f m

 fUSB  100.5 KHz  f LSB  99.5 KHz  BW  2  500Hz  1KHz

E 10
We also know that m  m m  m  0.2  50%
Ec 50 Transmission
mEc 0.2  50  5V Efficiency
Amplitude of side band  
2 2 m2
2 eff. 
Ec 2  m 2
also carrier power Pc  Pc 
2500
 2.08
2 R 2  600 0.2 2
eff. 
 m  2
2  0.2 2
and total power Pt  1 
  Pc  Pt  2.125
 2  eff.  0.196  1.96%