ติวสดออนไลน์ฟรี
PHYSICS 2
Max Phunsakorn
 • เdอความสะดวก อาจeจารณาเหfการgPงhปJานบน .าประ1 Q ตjงkบ&และใblเmดสนามไฟ=า ประ1ทดสอบ q0 Just as in

est charge

ential of
P to infin-

rticle,
an electric
harge q
5a collection
0 at of point charges, Eq. (23.15) is usually the easiest
infinity,
e potential
to char

2
จะไJNบแรงผXกใbเคDอน&จาก A ไป B (ตามแนวของเoนสนามไฟ=า)
 electric pot
)potential V. But in some problems in which the
and 
 (23.16). S
electric field
S ติวฟรี STATICS BY to
P’EUW
charge in
from q

Electric Potential
foundเ]อแทนcาสนามไฟ=าจาก1ดประ1
easily, it isSeasier Sto determine V from E . The force F

635
n the details of Q เpาไปในสมการ& (3) จะไJ
 potenti
from infinit
an be
 written as F 5 q0 E, so from Eq. (23.1) the work done
hat potential is.
as the
 test charge moves from a to bis given by
S a distan
potential en
23.12 If you move in the direction of E,

PA R T 3
d be associated
electric potential V decreases; if you move a distance rc We
1 Q 1 Q

b5 3 F d l 5 3 q
d in joules per bS VBS− VA =b S S− 

W 
 a Spoint
at a given #
4πε 0 rB
0 E dl
4πε 0 rA S
in the direction opposite E, V increases. We can th #
exist at
 a given a a Potential energy of a pair c
(a) A positive point charge
Potential energy of aofpair charges
.า1ด อ5&ระยะอqนr เราสามารถlหนดใbYกZไฟ=าเLนsนZไJ

q0 and compare the result with Eq. (23.13), we find
B
c
?ใbเราไJผลPงA
 V increases V decreases If the c
ศักย์ไฟฟ้า (Electric Potential) as you move of charges
as you move
5 3 E dl 5 3 E cos f dl
#
b b
S S (potential difference S (23.17)
inward. outward. If thetive wo
charg
lly athe✭easiest 7ก8ไฟ)าจาก1ดประ1 as an integral of E) near muea
• ศักย์ไฟฟ้าจากจุดประจุ 
 a
P k q tive work
e electric field P V " e 1
and PE
.VbThe force
S

F
S
E
1 r near each o
is independent 
 of the path taken from a to b, just as the
1Eq. (23.17),
q1 qremember that P V
ke q 1
and PEcharge
is ne
1" r
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he work done
ependent of the 
 path. ToV =
interpret
V =Ifinthe
r
charges from #
4πε
S S S
ye per unit charge 
 23.12
on a test If you
charge. move the
r direction
line integral of E
∫ ,b E dl
04pe0 r a q r r
■ Qui
tric field does
 positive electric potential
work onVadecreases; positive iftest
youcharge
move as it
S
!
In this case the 
 electric in the direction
potential energyE,decreases
opposite V increases. as the test ■ Quick 16.5Q
e potential energy(a) 
 perAunit charge decreases as well; hence V ! q1
(b)
16.5 charg
positive point charge b A negative point charge
find
a 2 Vb is positive.


q1 a Cons
n, consider a positive V increases
point charge (Fig. 23.12a). V decreases 

The electric V decreases V increases taken
charges are
as you move as you move 
 asayou move
takenzero,to bew
as you move
y from the charge,
nce ✭ พ@งงาน7ก8ไฟ)าของระบบ1ดประ1
(23.17)
and V 5 q 4 pP0 r is positive
inward. outward.at any finite inward.

 q2 !
outward. /
zero, that p
S
harge.
E) If you move away from the charge, in the direction
 of which
q2
ds
S
lower values of V; if you move towards the charge, in 
 the S
r ! no ne
that point.
S
E, you move towards greater values q
b, just as S the
E 1 qof q2V. For the negative 

E
r ke q21q2 no net arechane
23.12b, E is directed towards
emember that U = the charge and V 5 q 4 pP0 
 r is
1
r PE " r aroun
are negativ /
#from the charge. SIn4πε
! ke q1q2
e distance b S S this 0case,r if you move towards 
 3 ELECTRIC q
POTENTIAL
egral ∫a E d l 1
q 1 PE " 18.2 16.6 theA
moving in the direction of E and in the direction of decreas- 
 ! r Potential 587 around
t charge as it
16.6 balloo
S
V. Moving away from the charge, in the direction opposite
 E•, PหQบระบบ1ดประ1
 q1 b A sph
ses as the test 

balloon ter, iswhi
well;
s, andhence Vb work
the total done the
on
(b) A negative point charge individual
qr during any
charges,
displacement
and the total
is 
 work b qdone on qr during any displacement is
• ศักย์ไฟฟ้าจากกลุ่มของจุดประจุ
 Active 1 Figure 16.7 balloo
ter, which o
ibutions
Copyright © Pearson


fromAustralia

 the individual
(a division of Pearsonthe charges.
sum
Australia ofPty We
Group the contributions
conclude
Ltd) 2011 – 9781442517110that from
- Young/Universitythe
 the individual
Physics
(a)
1st edition
The electric charges.potential We conclude
V1 at P duethat the loon i
V decreases V increases
).sociated
The electric

 with
 a test chargepotential
as you move
qr at point energya inasU Figure
associated
you move
18.7, due with 
 Active a test Figureqr
to charge
the point charge
16.7at pointq aisin V1Figure
5 keqq21/r. 18.7,balloon
due inc
finite
 3 , c c, c of the
3q,2 ,c,
1
e at any r1, 1 q1, q2,
 (a) q3 , The electric potential
r1, r2V, 1rat P due respectively,
is brought loon increa
arges 
 q1 , q2 , q at distances to a collection r2, r3 , of q
charges
respectively, at Ifdistances
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inward. outward. (b) a second charge,

Â
i
sum (notofa
 vector sum)V
e direction
aic from = qr is the algebraic sum (not
 (b) to the
a vector point
from sum)
r
charge q
infinity to1 P, the
is V 5 k e 1/r.
1 potential q
of these.
charge, in the
 4pe 0 i r i 

If a second charge, q 2, is brought
energy
1
of the pair is PE 5 k q q /r.

1 2 1 2
S e 1 2
the negative
q1 q2 Eq3 from
q infinity
q q to P, the potential r2 q3 ■ PR
U kqr c. U (18.9) kqr 
 1 2 3 c . (18.9)
/ 5
5 q 4 pP0 r is
 r1 1
r2
1
r3
1 5

 r1
1
energy of
r2
1the
r3
pair 1 is PE
r3
5 k q
e 1 2q /r. !99 ■ PROBL
move towards 


 a Electric
different
on of decreas- point 
 b, the potentialWhen energyqrisisgiven at a different
by the same point 
 P q'
b, the potential energy is given by theElectric same Pot
onc
S 1. Draw
opposite E , 

are the distances fromexpression, q1, q2, c,but r1, r2, care
respectively, to point the 
 distances ! FIGURE from 18.7 q2, c,energy
q1,Potential respectively,
associatedto point ! FI
ne on charge qr when it moves b. The from work a to WabSalong is
 qrwith a charge qr atfrom
point aa depends on any 1. 2. Calc
Draw ad
with
b done on path
any charge when it moves to b along path is
rence U- Young/University charges q , q , and q and on their respective
energies when 2. the
Calculate char d
b between the stillpotential
equal toenergies the difference when qrUais2at Ub between1 the
2• U 2 potential qr is at
781442517110 a ศักย์ไฟฟ้าจากประจุที่มีกระจายอย่างต่อเนื่อง
 3
Physics 1st edition
distances r1 , r2 , and r3 from point a. 3.diagrdistae
For

 a and at b. dq the
any charge distribution 
 as a collection
We can represent of point any
Z charges,
charge so distribution as a collection of point charges, 3. For must
so each
118.9 shows dq that we
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that we can always find a Equation 
 potential-energy function for can any always find a potential-energy function for must any be in
follows that every electricstatic 
 V =
fieldelectric
due to afield. static charge dis-
It follows that every electric field due to a static charge dis-
4. Sum
vative force field.


tribution
4peis0a conservative r force field. 4. Sum tial all ta


nd 18.9 define
 U to be zero when Equations
all the distances
18.8 and r18.9 1 , r2 ,define c U to be zero when all the distances r1, r2, tial c at the
when the test 
 charge qr is very are infinite—that
far away fromis,allwhen the charges
the test charge qr is very far away from all the charges
. As with any
 potential-energy that produce
function,the thefield.
reference
As with point any potential-energy function, the reference point
lways add a constant 
 to make is arbitrary:
U equalWe zerocan at always
any point addwea constant■toEXAMPLE make UPequal16.4 zero at any Finding
point wethe E
0 at infinity is a convenient choose.
reference Making levelUfor 5 electrostatic
0 at infinity is a■ convenient reference level for electrostatic
EXAMPLE
GOAL Calculate 16.4the electric Finding the Electr
potential due
uit analysis other referenceproblems, levels are but often in more
circuitconvenient.
analysis -1- other reference levels are often more
facebook.com/beengineer2012 convenient.
Example3/1 จงหาYกZไฟ=า&1ด P tงเLน1ดuงกลางของvเหTยม
GOAL Calculate the electric potential due to a c
 q1
✭ 7ก8ไฟ)าจาก1ดประ1 of charges
DV S U 2 0 5 q ak 2 0b tiv
n C, q2 5 265.0 n C,2 ande rq 3 5 56.5 nC. P PV " ke q1
12 ติวฟรี PHYSICS 2 BY MAX PHUNSAKORN1 r ne
ial at point Aq located at the fourth vertex.
1 q P V " ke q 1
1q 2 =
an
balls of
U 5 ke พลั radii ง งานศั
2.50 ก ย์
cm ไฟฟ้ า
are (Electric
at V
a Potential
center-
4 πε r
Energy)
(25.13) r 1 r
ch
1.00 m from each other (Fig. P26.34). r 12 0 r r P PV " ke q1
• พลังงานศักย์ไฟฟ้า (electric potential energy, U ) เป็นพลังงานที่เกิดขึ้นกับ q 1 r
hat
n, then U is positive. Positive work3must be done by
ประจุไฟฟ้าเมื่ออยู่ในบริเวณที่มีศักย์ไฟฟ้า

3 !
1.20 × 10 V −1.20 × 10 V r ■
toofbring the 
 two charges near each other (because ! q1
ec-
the charges + + + opposite 
 − −
−=sign, q1 1
+ 
 are of + U
− qV as−
in Figure 25.8b, q1 a
3
is done + by c

 an cmexternal
2.50 + −agent 2.50 against
cm − the attractive a
!
the sign + as they✭are + −
พ@งงาน7ก8ไฟ)าของระบบ1ดประ1 − other; a force t
osite brought near each q1 q2 !
+ •to − − z
all
lacement prevent+q 2 from
สำหรับระบบหรือกลุ่มของจุดประจุ
− accelerating
− toward q 1 . a r ! q2
ial +
 + −we −1obtain t
han two 
 charged + + + particles, −can q1q2the total q2
hat
y calculating 1U = q q
r ke q1q2 n
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U for1.00 every m pair of 4charges and sum- PE !

Â
i j "
ach


U=

 the total potential energy0 of the system
πε r q1 !
r
ke q1q2
r
q2
a
r example, 4pe0 i< j ri j The potential q1 PE
energy" r of
r this a
25.9 is 
 
 FIGURE P26.34 system
!
of charges is given by
q1 b ke q1q2 1
ws y Equation 25.14. PE "
q1 q2 
 q1 q3 q2 q3 b
! r b
ti-
ke a +5.75 1 mC 1 +5.75

 b mC (25.14) Active Figure 16.7
μC r 12 
 r 13 
 r 23 q1
(a) The electric q 2 potential V at P due t
A B Active Figure
to b point16.7
the
q2
charge q is V
1
ke q 1/r.
b
of 
 
 " 5
rpreted as 

follows.


Imagine q 1 is fixed at the posi- (a) The electric potential
(b) If a second charge,
V 1
at P1
due
1 q , is brought l
5.0and q 3 are 
 at infinity. The work an external agent to the
Activepoint
r
12 Figure
rfrom12 charge
infinity 16.7
q is V
to1 P, the
5 k2e q 1/r.
1 potential o
(b)(a)If aThe
second charge, q 2, is V brought
m.
to its position 
 near q 1 is keq 1q 2/r12 , which is the first electric potential
energy of the pair isrrPE 5
q1from infinity
at P due
1 k eq 1q 2/r.
55.0 cm to the pointtocharge P, the qpotential
is23V
23
5 ke q 1/r.
he 

two terms represent the work required to bring q 3 energy ofa the paircharge,
1
is PE 5 qke,q is
1
" (b) If second 1q 2brought
/r. 119


gyq 1 and q 2
 . (The result is independent of the order q 1 from infinity to P, the potential
2
■
r
es
rted.) energy of rthe 13 13pair is PE 5 k q q /r.


C D "e 1 2 El
in 
 x q3 3q
is +5.75 
 mC +5.75 mC 1.
rgy of a system made up of two point charges, Equation 25.13, is of the
ltopotential energy of a25.0 systemcmmade up of two point masses, 2Gm m /r Figure 25.9 Three point 2.
• 1. จากรูปจงหาศักย์ไฟฟ้าที่จุด A และจุด P ถ้า qA = 9.75 μC,1 q2B = −12.6 μC และ a = 3.50 cm
hesing considering
that both expressions are derived from an inverse- charges are fixed at the positions
FIGURE P26.35 shown. 3.
les with P
5 212.60 4.
es of an
side a 5 a a

potential EXAMPLE 16.4

■ Findi
s at point 60.0° A ■ EXAMPLE 16.4 Finding
GOAL Calculate the electric t
pote
+ −
een the qA qB GOAL Calculate the electricpoint
potential
a PROBLEM
■ EXAMPLE A 5.00-mC
16.4 Finding
cha
in Figure
PROBLEM A 16.8. (a) point
5.00-mC If the charge
electricip
potential FIGURE P26.36 GOAL Calculate the electric potent
in Figure 16.8. (a) If the electric poten
s at point
PROBLEM A 5.00-mC point charge
iangle? in Figure 16.8. (a) If the electric pot
ticles with Copyright 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed co

5 23.00 mC s s Copyright 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does
tices of an q1 s
on whose s
Copyright 2010 Cengage
ser62060_16_c16_p548-589.indd 556 Learning. All Rights Reser
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content

s 5 4.20 m Levels of Difficulty : • simple ••ser62060_16_c16_p548-589.indd

general •••556
challenging.
mine what
q
 ติวฟรี PHYSICS 2 BY MAX PHUNSAKORN
•• 2. จุดประจุ 4 ตัวเรียงกันอยู่ที่มุมของสี่เหลี่ยมจัตุรัสที่มีความยาวด้านละ 2a ดังรูป ถ้า a = 2.70 cm, c = 4.10 cm และ
q = 1.50 nC จงหา
(1) ศักย์ไฟฟ้าที่จุด P บนแกน z ที่พิกัด (0, 0, c)
(2) พลังงานศักย์ไฟฟ้าของระบบจุดประจุนี้
(3) งานของแรงภายนอกที่จะต้องใช้ในการนำโปรตอน (ประจุ +e = 1.60 × 10−19 C) จากระยะอนันต์มาวางที่จุด P

P (0, 0, c)

–q
–a
–a q

 a

 a

 q y
x q

-3- facebook.com/beengineer2012
 ติวฟรี PHYSICS 2 BY MAX PHUNSAKORN
2. (continued)

-4- facebook.com/beengineer2012
 Uniformly
charged ring ติวฟรี PHYSICS 2 BY MAX PHUNSAKORN
••• 3. แท่งประจุบวก ผอมตรง ความยาว L วางอยู่บนแกน x ปลายด้านซ้ายของแท่งอยู่ที่จุด (a, 0) ดังรูป การกระจายของ
Figure P25.67
ประจุบนแท่งตรงนี้ไม่สม่ำเสมอ โดยมีความหนาแน่นประจุเชิงเส้น (ประจุต่อหน่วยความยาว) λ = α x เมื่อ α เป็นค่าคงตัวที่
เป็นบวก จงหาศักย์ไฟฟ้าที่จุด P ซึ่งอยู่ที่จุด (0, b)
thin, uniformly
Z chargedp rod shown in Figure P25.68
x dx
<latexit sha1_base64="zE0R2JQXGTWv5fKFCRddmHO8ToA=">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</latexit>

a linear Hint:
chargepxdensity x2.+Find
= ! b2 +C an expression for the
2 + b2
ric potential at P.
y

x
a L

Figure P25.68

electric dipole is located along the y axis as shown

igure P25.69. The magnitude of its electric dipole
ment is defined as p " 2qa. (a) At a point P, which is far
the dipole (r '' a), show that the electric potential is
k e p cos (
V"
r2

Er
y
P

r1
Eθ

+q r

a r2
θ
x -5- facebook.com/beengineer2012
 ติวฟรี PHYSICS 2 BY MAX PHUNSAKORN
3. (continued)

-6- facebook.com/beengineer2012