UN I V

S
GO
A
R

E
SI L
TY OF

UNIVERSITY OF LAGOS
Chemical Engineering Department
2019/2020 SESSION, 1st SEMESTER

CHG 501 – Process Dynamics and Control

Tutorial 1b:
Review of Mathematical Tools

(The use of software, where necessary, is encouraged)

Date given: February 10,, 2020 (Mondayday)

Submission deadline: February 21,, 2020 (Friday) by 12 noon
Test date: February 24,, 2020 (Monday) 5:00 pm

Please find tutorial groupings on pages 8 - 11

Question 1
Model a mixing tank with two feed streams, as shown below. Assume that there are two components,
A and B. C represents the concentration of A. (C1 is the mass concentration of A in stream 1 and C2 is
the mass concentration of A in stream 2):
Model the following cases:
a. Constant volume, constant density
b. Constant volume, density varies linearly with concentration
c. Variable volume, density varies linearly with concentration

Question 2
Consider two tanks in series where the flow out of the first tank enters the second tank. Our
objective is to develop a model to describe how the height of liquid in tank 2 changes with time,
given the input flowrate Fo (t) . Assume that the flow out of each tank is a linear function of the
height of liquid in the tank ( F1 = β1h1 and F2 = β 2 h2 ) and each tank has a constant cross-sectional
area.

Question 3
The diagram below is an underground storage tank used for storing petrol for sale to the public.

Recently, engineers believe that a leak has developed, which threatens the environment. You have
been assigned the task of modeling the height in the tank as a function of the supply flow, F1, the sales
flow F2, and the unmeasured leakage Ff. It is assumed that this leakage is proportional to the height of
liquid in the tank (Ff = βh). The tank is a cylinder with cross-sectional area A. The specific gravity of
the petrol is assumed to be constant at 0.78. Find the state-space model for the level in the tank as a
function of the supply flow and the sales flow. Which of these input variables would you describe as a
control variable and which would you describe as a disturbance variable?

Page 2 of 11
Question 4
 π
What is the Laplace transform u ( s) of the input function, u (t ) = sin  2t +  , whose plot is given
 4
below?

1.5

0.5
u(t)

0
0 10 20 30 40
-0.5

-1

-1.5 t

(a) Obtain the transform from the definition of the Laplace transform.
(b) Use the MATLAB laplace command

Question 5
By applying the final-value theorem, find the final value of f(t) whose Laplace transform is given by

10
F (s) =
s ( s + 1)

Verify this result by taking the inverse Laplace transform of F(s) and letting t→∞

Question 6
Invert the following transforms:
s+4
(a) F (s) =
s + 4s + 8
2

1
(b) F (s) =
( s + 1)( s + 3)3

i) using partial fraction expansion

ii) using the MATLAB ilaplace command

Question 7
Use the appropriate Laplace transforms theorems, what is the initial value and the final value of the
process output given by

5s + 12
u (s) =
s (7 s + 4)
Page 3 of 11
Question 8
For the given ordinary differential equation
d2 y dy
2
+ 4 + 3 y = u (t ) with y (0) = y ′(0) = 0
dt dt
(a) solve by using Laplace transforms
(b) use the MATLAB command laplace and ilaplace.
(c) use the dsolve to obtain a solution.
(d) use the MATLAB command ezplot or otherwise to graph the solution

Question 9
The temperature of a furnace was suddenly changed after 1 hour of operation by a unit step
magnitude and sustained at this new temperature for 2 hours, after which it was slowly ramped down
to its original temperature over an hour-long period. The signal change is depicted in the figure below,
also showed is one of the possible construction from standard inputs.
(a) Determine f(t) and F(s) for the signal.

(b) By combining standard inputs, construct the custom input signal below

Determine f(t) and F(s) for the input signal of (b).

(c) If an input function (aka forcing function) has the Laplace transform
1 e− s e −3s
u (s) = + 2 − ,
s s s
graph the function u(t).
(d) Graph the input function f (t ) = u (t ) − 2u (t − 1) + u (t − 3)
0 t < n
Hint: the term u(t-n) means the function is zero for t < n i.e u (t − n) =  . note that it does not
1 t ≥ n
alter the function for t ≥ n because it takes on a unit value.

(e) Determine f(t) at t =1.5 and at t=3 for the function f (t ) = 0.5u (t ) − 0.5u (t − 1) + (t − 3)u (t − 2)
Page 4 of 11
 1 dy
(f) For the differential equation given by + y = u (t ) y (0) = 0 and the input functions in (a) –
2 dt
(e), determine y(t). Plot y(t) and u(t) on the same graph.

Question 10
Write, in terms of deviation variables, the linear approximation to the nonlinear function
y
f (x, y, z) = 2x 2 + xy 2 − 3
z
at the point xs =1, ys = 2, z s = 3,

Question 11
The Antoine equation for the vapour pressure of a liquid at a given temperature is given by the
following formula:
P = e A− B /(T + C )
where P is the vapour pressure in millimeters of mercury (mmHg)
For benzene the constants are
A = 15.9008
B = 2788.51oC
C = 220.80oC

Find the linear approximation, in terms of deviation variables, of the vapour pressure as a function
of T,.about a temperature of 40oC.

Compare the actual vapour pressure (from the Antoine equation) at 45 and 60oC with the vapour
pressure calculated from the linearized equation. what is the percent difference in each case?
comment on the suitability of the linearized equation.

Question 12
Consider the conical water tank shown below. Obtain the model of the process if the flowrate out of
the tank is a function of the square root of height of water in the tank ( q0 = R1 h ).

Page 5 of 11
Question 13
You are planting to build a plant to produce fuel from biomass. A farmer supplies you with
chopped corn. The entire corn plant (leaves, stem, and ear) is cut into small pieces and blown into
the top of a cylindrical silo at a rate Wo.

The diameter of the silo is D and its height is H. The density of the chopped corn in the silo varies
with the depth of the bed. The density ρ at a point that has z metres of material above it is
ρ ( z ) = ρ0 + β z
where ρ0 and β are constants.
(a) Model the system, and show how the height of the bed h(t) varies as a function of time.
(b) What is the total weight of corn fodder that can be stored in the silo?

Question 14
The liquid storage tank shown below (next page) has two inlet streams with mass flow rates w1 and w2
and an exit stream w it h flow rate w3. The cylindrical tank is 2.5 m tall and 2 m in diameter. The
liquid has a density of 800 kg/m3. Normal operating procedure is to fill the tank until the liquid
level reaches a nominal value of 1.75 m using constant flow rates: w1 = 120 kg/min, w2 = 100
kg/min. and w3 = 200 kg/min. At that point, inlet flow rate w1, is adjusted so that the level
remains constant. However, on this particular day, corrosion of the tank has opened up a hole in
the wall at a height of 1 m. producing a leak whose volumetric flow rate q4 (m3/min) can he
approximated by
q4 = 0.025 h − 1
where h is height in meters.
(a) If the tank was initially empty, how long did it take for the liquid level to reach the
corrosion point?
(b) If mass flow rates w1, w2 , and w3 are kept constant indefinitely, will the tank eventually
overflow? Justify your answer.

Page 6 of 11
Question 15
Show that the mathematical model for the level of fluid in a hemispherical storage tank, where
flow out of the tank is a function of the square root of height of water in the tank ( F0 = c h ) is given
as:
dh 1
=
1
dt π ( 2 Rh − h2 ) Fi − ch
1
2 ( )
where R is the radius of the hemispherical tank, and Fi is the flowrate of the fluid into the storage
tank. Show that by introducing the following transformations:
 3 4 R 2h  
z = exp  h 2  − 
  3 5 

and

Fi z
v= 1
2
h
the original nonlinear model equation is converted to a first-order linear differential equation:

dz
= az + bv
dt

Show explicitly what the constants a and b are.

Page 7 of 11
 Grouping for Tutorial 1b
S/N Matric. No. NAMES (SURNAME FIRST) Tutorial Group
1 150409052 Adebayo Opeyemi Oluwadunsin
2 150401102 Obi Onyema Steven
3 150409014 Stephen Samuel Ochogbe
4 150401069 Alipoe A. Isaac
5 150401522 Ebuehi Osaretin
6 160401526 Jayeola A. Ridwan
1
7 160401535 Obinna Michael Olugbenga
8 150409018 Olayemi Toheeb Bolaji
9 150401052 Regwa Fedora O’Whome
10 130401022 Ojo Samuel ‘Similoluwa
1 150401044 Adelaja Taofeek Muhammad
2 150401030 Odinikaeze Chukwuemeka Henry
3 150401005 Adakole Dorothy A.
4 150409006 Aliyu Abdulqoyum Olamide
5 160409502 Echedom Chisom Bethany
6 150409005 Jimoh Azeez Eniola
2
7 160409516 Odum Godwin Chukwuemeka
8 150401057 Olisa-Akaeze Jemima U.
9 150401006 Roy-Layinde Ayoola
10
1 150401110 Adenuga Adetola David
2 150401007 Ogunleye Tobiloba E,
3 150401035 Adegbesan O. Jeremiah
4 150409050 Aluejime Joseph Brown
5 160409505 Echetabu Ikechukwu Michael
6 150409047 Jimoh Musa Adinoyi
3
7 150401031 Ofili Patrick Onyebuchi
8 150401063 Olorunfemi Joshua Bamidele
9 150409028 Sampson Esther Ekerete
10
1 150409022 Adesanya Iteoluwakiishi Bolu
2 150401020 Okemuyiwa Olawale Oluwaseun
3 150401013 Adeniji Nazeer Ajibola
4 160401503 Ambali Mariam Aramide
5 150401029 Essien Samuel Etesin
6 150401094 Joseph Mayowa Olumuyiwa
4
7 150409010 Ogbe-Nwori Ntito-Obari
8 150401099 Olumuyiwa Aanuoluwapo
9 160401513 Samuel Ilesanmi Olamide
10

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1 150409003 Akinde-Peters Tosin Michael
2 140811022 Okoh Kachukwu Emma
3 160401516 Adesanwo Adewale A.
4 160401504 Amoo Moyinoluwa A.
5 150409007 Etuk Uduak Friday
6 150409008 Joseph Timothy O. 5
7 160409515 Okafor Chukwuebuka Charles
8 150409049 Oluwayomi Isaac Ayodeji
9 160409512 Sanusi Adeola Omotayo
10
1 150401040 Aliu Aderinsola Paul
2 150401002 Okoroafor Chiemena D.
3 160409503 Adetunji Oluwaseun Yommy
4 150401015 Anibaba Ayoola Hakeem
5 160401521 Ezeamalu Micheal Chukwudi
6 150401088 Kadiri Adeyinka M.
6
7 160409506 Okeke Jennifer Oluchi
8 160409508 Onikoyi Toluwalashe
9 160401523 Shobowale Damilola Tosin
10
1 150401087 Amzat Rukayat Ayomide
2 150409041 Oladipupo Awwal Damilare
3 160401514 Adewumi Adedeji Joseph
4 150409017 Aniegboka Chima Jayjay
5 150401033 Fabusuyi Titilayo Valerie
6 150401105 Kolade Olufemi Johnson
7
7 160401511 Okere Amarachi Stephanie
8 150409001 Onyemachi Precious
9 160409511 Shokoya Ridwan Olakunle
10
1 160409501 Anaka Ngozi Maryjane
2 150401101 Olajide Gbolagade Izie
3 160401501 Adim Ezinne Joanne
4 150409004 Awotunde Oluwasola Abigail
5 160409521 Fadipe Abdul-Wadud Ibukunoluwa
6 150401093 Kolawole David 8
7 150401014 Okpallannuozo Nnaemeka
8 160401518 Osibote Oluwatomisin D.
9 160401520 Sofidiya Oluwafunto T.
10

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1 150409025 Atundaolu Oluwapelumi Enoch
2 150409020 Olaosilo Samuel Opeyemi
3 160401506 Adimora Chukwuka Daniel
4 160401510 Bajomo Bioluwaosi O.
5 150401072 Faminigba Oluwaseyi 9
6 150401004 Maku Uwasan
7 150401106 Okunola Anjolaoluwa S.
8 160401519 Owoyele Aduragbemi O.
9 160409509 Talabi Oluwasanmi Olaife
10
1 150401053 Balogun Taiwo Semiat
2 150409053 Olopade Tofunmi Joseph
3 150401003 Afolayan Philip Taiye
4 160409518 Bakare Abdulafeez Omotola
5 150401056 George-Adeniyi Adedolapo
6 150401060 Michael Victor A.
10
7 160401509 Okwuba Mmesoma Jane
8 160401512 Oyelade Oluwademilade E.
9 150401090 Teslim Monsurat Abosede
10
1 150409031 Edafe Esiri Wilson
2 150401058 Olowookere Feranmi V.
3 150401027 Aina Sodiq Babatunde
4 160401527 Banjo Temidayo Amudalat
5 150401046 Idowu Aminat
6 150401018 Musa Muhammed Olasubomi
11
7 150409015 Olabulo Peter Olamide
8 150409027 Oyelakin Emmanuel Ayodeji
9 160409523 Tijani Olawale Emmanuel
10
1 150401045 Egbinola Mayowa Samuel
2 160401507 Oluyemo Kehinde Desola
3 160409504 Akinleye Paul Ayomikun
4 160401528 Bobmanuel David Reginald
5 160409510 Ikenna Ucheoma
6 160401515 Ndudi Emmanuel Ikechukwu
12
7 150401043 Oladejo Ayomide Rabiu
8 160409507 Oyetade Pelumi Adebola
9 160401502 Ubah Chinelo Ijeoma
10

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1 150401009 Jegede Samuel Babatunde
2 150401051 Omolasho Oluwasoji E.
3 150401039 Akinnurun Kayode James
4 150401001 Busari Taofeek Ayinla
5 150401103 Ikiliagwu Chukwudi
6 160409525 Nureni-Balogun Hikmat Afolake
13
7 160409514 Olakunori Olabanjo Damilola
8 150401092 Oyetunji Rebecca
9 160409519 Uwak Ruth Eno
10
1 150401050 Lambert Somto Desmond
2 150409009 Onyeali David Chinwueba
3 160401525 Alabi Ayotomiwa E.
4 160401533 Cabel Egbuchulem O.
5 160409524 Ikirigbe Ogheneovo Victor
6 160409513 Nwagu Ikechukwu Justin
14
7 150409048 Olawuyi Ayodele Damilola
8 150401010 Quadri Hikmat A.
9 150401017 Williams Gloria Jumai
10
1 150401025 Ngwu Ikechukwu Emmanuel
2 160401530 Owoade Tobiloba
3 150401042 Alade Faruk Timilehin
4 150401048 Chiorlu Chimzibudu Edwin
5 150401071 Iwuanyanwu Michael
6 160401517 Obi Chukwuwetalu W.
15
7 160401522 Olawuyi Kehinde Adisat
8 150401011 Rasheed B. Izziyyah
9 150409016 Yekini Yusuf Olaitan
10

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