Module Outline

This module is divided into five modules as follows;

Module 1. Assumption and nature of arts

 Creativity and imagination

 Function of Arts and Philosophy

Module 2. Subject and Content

 Art and Artisan

 Production process
 Medium, technique, and curation

Module 3. Art History

 Asean, Western and Philippines

Module 4. Soul-making

 Soul
 Sound
 Structure

Module 5. Workshops on improvisations, installation, trans

creation

 Local arts

For feedbacking, questions and clarifications, please contact me through

iielyne.demonteverde@csav.edu.ph or through our Facebook GC Examination

Examination Period

Period Periodical examinations for offline learners are given on the exact
schedule of the examination. Tests are given online hence, students must look
for an internet connection where he/she can log in his/her Google account and
join the group of taking the test. The finance office will post the names of
students have permits. No Permit No Exam Policy will be strictly followed.

Module 1
Assumption and Nature of Art
INTRODUCTION
Art is very important in our lives. It constitutes one of the oldest and most
important means of expression develop by man. Since men have lived together,
art sprung up. In fact, in nearly every country, art shows itself in primitive
societies. In every age or country, there is always art. Art has been created by all
people at all times, it has live because it is liked and enjoyed. A true work of is
made by man himself not imitatedly, but creatively. A true artist does not
imitate nature but rather interpret it in his own way by selecting the essential
features of the subject and rejecting the minor ones.

LEARNING OUTCOMES
AT THE END OF THE LESSON, STUDENTS SHOULD BE ABLE TO
 Demonstrate and understanding and appreciation of arts in general#
including their function, value and historical significance.
 Define and demonstrate the elements and principle of design.
 Exolain and evaluate different theories of art.
 Situate Philippine in a global context.
 Analyze and appraise works of art based on aesthetic value.
 Historical context, tradition and social relevance
 Mount and art exhibit.
 Create their own work of arts and curate their own production or exhibit.
 Utilize art for self-expression and for promoting advocates.
 Develop an appreciation of the local arts.

LEARNING RESOURCES

 Boscara, Linda R. 2000. World Literature. Manila: Rex Book Store, Inc,
 Boyd, Candy Dawson, etal. 1997-Spotlight on Literature. New York:
MacMillcin/McGrtW Hill.
 Deocampo, Nick. 2003. Cine: Spanish Influence on Early Cinema in the
Philippines, Manila: the National Commission for the Culture and Arts.
 Estolas, Josefina, et al. 1995. Introduction.to Humanities (Arts for Living)
Quezon CityEchnis Press, Inc.
 Klassen, Winard, 1990. Architectural and Philosophy. Cebu City* Clavano
Printers.
 Sanchez. Custodiosa, et al. 2002. Introductiontothe Humanities. Manila: Rex
Book Store, Inc.
 Tan, Arsenia B. 1992,. The Arts. Quezon City: National Bookstore, Inc
LEARNING LESSON

Lesson 1 – General Orientation

For the complete File of this lesson see separated file:
General Orientation docx
General Orientation, ppt
An educated individual possess the core values which makes him/her a whole
person. A student is always guided and inspired by the vision-mission of the
school. Thus, a truly dedicated student practices explicitly and sincerely positive
values and good spirit inculcated by the school.

 Vision –the ability to see beyond, an image created in the imagination.

 Mission – An assignment or a task to be earned out.
 Core Values-Principle regulated as worthwhile or desirable. Examples are
excellence, honesty, cooperation solidarity, teamwork etc.

The teacher will introduce the vision, mission, core values, hymn, and set rules
and regulations of the school. He/She will also introduce the course syllabus of
the subject.
Students are encouraged to participate actively in the discussions.

 Assumption and nature of arts

 Art has been defined in various ways. Art is derived from the Latin word
“ars” meaning ability or skill. —J.V. Estolas.
 Art is taken from the Italian word “artis,” which means craftsmanship, skill
mastery of form, inventiveness, and the associations that exist between form
And ideas, between material and technique-ATan.
 Art is a product of man’s need to express himself,—p, Zulueta
 Art is concerned itself with the communication of certain ideas and feelings
bv means of sensuous medium, color, sound, bronze, marble, words, and
Sanchez
 Art is that which brings life in harmony with the beauty of the world. – Plato.
 Art is an attitude of spirit, a state of mind-one which demand for its own
satisfaction and fulfilling, a shaping of matter to new and more significant
form John Dewey
 Art is the skillful arrangement or composition of some common but
significant qualities of nature such as colors, sounds, lines, movements,
words, stones, wood, etc., to express human feelings, emotions, or thoughts
in a perfect meaningful and enjoyable way -Panizo and Rustu.
 Common essentials of art
Art must be man-made; (2) art must be creative, not imitative; (3) art must
benefit and satisfy man-make use of art in practical life through artistic
principles, taste, and skill; arts expressed through a certain medium or material
by which the artist communicates himself to his fellows. Art has a particular
importance in our lives. All the art that we see and hear have a purpose as well
as expression; they occupy some place our judgment. We can communicate
through paintings, songs, dances, and dramatic plays to highlight and heighten
the importance of certain events and keep them memorable and pleasurable.
We also build monuments to remind us of the heroic deeds of great men.
Artworks are also valuable sources of inspiration, and aesthetic and delightful
experience. We are delighted by the books we read and we moved by the music
we hear. We also get deep satisfaction from them. We enjoy a masterpiece of
painting, sculpture, or a play because they capture our attention. We are
inspired to plan and construct our houses beautifully when we are stimulated
by modern architectural designs. Through the artist work, we get a glimpse of
thoughts, feeling and beliefs of the people in their time and the faces in their
environment that influenced their artwork. We also value and appreciate
beautiful things as a consequence of our encounter with the arts. Out of the
aesthetic experiences we derive from the arts, we may be influenced to change
our ways and behavior. They may transform us into highly-cultured, dignified,
and respectable human beings. The arts may beautify our humanity. This
explains why the art are called the humanity. They bring out the good and the
noble in us. Through the arts, we come to know the changing image of man as
he journeys across time, searches for the reality, and strive to achieve the ideals
that create meaning for life. Art appreciation is the ability to interpret or
understand man made art and enjoy them either through actual and work-
experience with art tools and materials or possession of these works
of art for one’s admiration and satisfaction. Arts appreciation
therefore deals with learning and creating arts for understanding and
creating arts and enjoying them.

Functions of art and philosophy

These are the four main functions of art;

1. Aesthetic function- Through art, man becomes conscious of the beauty of
naturetion and other necessities and conveniences of life. Art not only enriches
man’s life but also improves nature through landscape gardening, creation of
super –highway. He benefits from his own work and from those done by his
fellowmen. He learns to use, love, and preserve them for his enjoyment and
appreciation.

2. Utilitarian function- With the creation of the various forms of art, man now
lives in comfort and happiness. Through art, man is provided with shelter,
clothing, food, light, medicine, beautiful surroundings, personal ornamental,
entertainment, language, transportas and through propagation and conservation
of natural resources.

3. Cultural function- Through the printed manner, art transmits and preserves
skills and knowledge from one generation to another. It burdens one’s cultural
background and makes man more civilized and his life more enduring and
satisfying.

4. Social function- Through civic and graphic arts, man learns to love and help
each other. International understanding and cooperation are fostered and nations
become more unified, and friendly, cooperative, helpful, and sympathetic.
Module 2
Subject and Content
Lesson 1
The Subject and content of Art
In any art form be it painting, music, sculpture, architecture, or the dance- is
always a subject that serves as the foundation of the creation of the work of art.
The subject of art is varied. A subject of art is usually anything that is
represented in the artwork. It may be a person, object, scene, or event.

Artworks that depicts something easily recognized by most people are called
representational or objective arts. Painting, sculpture, graphic arts, literature,
and theatre arts are generally classified us representational, although some
paintings and sculptures are without subjects. Music and dance may or may not
have subjects.

Artworks that have no to any real subject are called non-representational or

non-objective arts. They do not represent anything and they are what they are.
They rather appeal directly to the senses primarily because of the satisfying
organization of their sensuous and expressive elements.

Some contemporary painters have shifted their interest to the work of art as an
object in itself, an exciting combination of shapes and color that fulfills the
aesthetic need without having to represent images or tell a story. Many modern
paintings have a purely visual appeal; so difficult that literal-oriented spectators
cannot appreciate them.

Traditional sculptures and paintings have subjects. When looking at a painting

or a statue, one expects to recognize the subject to know what it is about-a
man, a dog, a landslide.

The scope of art

Various authors classify arts in different ways. According to Manaois, there are
(2) two general dimensions of arts namely (1) fine arts or independent arts and
(2) practical arts or useful or utilitarian arts. Fine arts are made primarily for
aesthetic enjoyment through the senses, especially visual and auditory of raw
materials for utilitarian purposes.

Fine arts or aesthetic arts are music, painting, sculpture, architecture, literature,
dancing and drama. Practical arts or useful arts are industrial art, applied or
household art, civic art, commercial art, graphic art, agricultural art, business
art, distributive art, and fishery art.

According to Custodiosa Sanchez, art consists of visual arts, literature, drama,

and theatre, music, and dance. Visual arts are those that we perceive with our
eyes. They may be classified two groups, namely; (1) graphic arts; and () plastic
arts. Graphic arts include painting, drawing, photography, graphic process
(printing), commercial art (designing of books, advertisements, signs, posters,
and other displays), mechanical process, in which portrayals of forms and
symbols are recorded on a two- dimensional surface. Plastics are include all
fields of visual arts for which materials are organized into three- dimensional
forms such as structural architecture, landscape architecture, (gardens, parks,
playgrounds, golf course beautification), city physical planning and interior
arranging (design of wallpaper, furniture), sculpture, crafts, industrial design,
dress and costume design. And theatre design.

Josefina Estolas grouped arts into major and minor arts. Major arts include
painting, architecture, sculpture, literature, music and dance. Minor arts include
the decorative arts, popular arts, graphic arts, plastic arts and industrial arts.
She also grouped arts into; visual arts (graphic arts, plastic arts); performing
arts, (theatre, play, dance, music) literary arts (short stories, novels, poetry,
dramas); popular arts (film, newspaper, magazine, radio, television); gustatory
art of the cuisine (food preparation, beverage preparation); and decorative arts
or applied arts (beautify houses, offices, cars and other structures).

Lesson 2
Elements and principles of arts

Two major divisions

(1) According to purpose and

(2) According to media and forms.

 According to purpose, arts are classified into practical parts or useful arts,
liberal arts, fine arts, major arts, and minor arts.
 According to media and forms, arts include plastic arts, phonetic arts,
kinetic arts, pure arts, and mixed arts.
 Practical or useful arts are directed to produce artifacts and utensils for
the satisfaction of human needs. Handicrafts (basket weaving, mat
 weaving, etc.), embroidery, ceramics, iron and metal crafts, tin can
manufacturing, etc. are examples of these arts.
 Liberal arts are directed toward intellectual growth, such as in the study
of philosophy, psychology, literature, mathematics, and sciences.
 Fine arts are focused towards creative activity for the contemplation of
the mind, and the uplift of the spirit. Painting, sculpture, architecture are
examples of these arts.
 Major arts are characterized by actual and potential expressiveness such
as music, poetry, sculpture.
 Minor arts are concerned on practical uses and purposes, such as interior
decoration and porcelain art.
 Plastic arts are developed through space and perceived by the sense of
sight. Such arts include sculpture and decorative materials.
 Kinetic arts involve the element rhythm. Dance is a type of this art.
 Phonetic arts are directed toward sounds and words as media of
expression. Examples are music, drama, and literature.
 Pure arts take only one medium of expression like sound in music and
color in painting.
 Mixed arts take more than one medium such as the opera which
combines music, poetry, and drama.

Medium and technique

Medium, comes from the Latin word medium, denotes the means by which an
artist communicates his idea. These are the materials which are used by an
artist to interpret his feelings or thoughts. Many mediums have been used in
creating different works of art. The architect uses wood, bamboo, bricks, stone,
concrete, and various building material. The painter uses pigments on wood or
canvas to recreate reality of nature. A sculptor uses steel, marble, bronze,
metal, and wood. A musician uses sound and instruments to communicate its
subject and literary writer uses words in literature. Thus, medium is very
essential in arts.

The Artist and His Medium. The artist think, feels and gives shape to his vision in
terms of his medium. When an artist chooses his medium, he believes that this
can best express the idea he wants to convey. Most often, an artist employs
more than one or medium to give meaning to his creative production.

The Artist and His Technique. Apparently, artists differ from one another in
technique even if they use the same medium. A musician’s technique is his
ability to make music sound the way he wants it. Technique differs in the
various artists.

Mediums of the visual arts. Visual arts are those arts that are perceived with our
eyes. The most common visual arts are painting, sculpture, and architecture.
Their mediums are discussed as follows.

Painting
Painting is that art of creating meaningful effects on a flat surface by the use of
pigments. Different mediums are used in painting.

Watercolor. Watercolor as a medium is difficult to handle because it is difficult

to produce warm and rich tones but it invites brilliance and a variety of hues.
Simple and clear spontaneity is its principal essence.

Fresco. This is painting on a moist plaster surface with colors ground in water or
a limewater mixture. The colors dry into plaster, and the picture becomes a part
of the wall.

Tempera. Tempera paints are mineral pigments mixed with egg yolk or egg
white and ore. They are often used as binder due to its film forming properties
and rapid drying rate and corrections re difficult to make.

Pastel. This is a stick of dried paste made of pigment round with chalk and
compounded with gum water. Its colors are luminous, and it is a very flexible
medium.

Encaustic. This is one of the early mediums used by the Egyptians for the
painted portrait on mummy cases. This is done by painting with wax colors fixed
with heat.

Oil. Oil painting is one of the most expensive art activities today because of the
prohibitive cost of materials. It is the heaviest of painting media.

Acrylic. This medium is used popularly by contemporary painters because of the

transparency and quick-drying characteristics of watercolor and the flexibility of
oil combined. This synthetic paint is mixed with acrylic emulsion as a binder for
coating the surface of the artwork.

Mosaic. Mosaic art is a picture or decoration made of small pieces of inlaid

colored stones or glass called “tesserae”, which most often are cut into squares
glued on a surface with plaster or cement. Mosaic is usually classified as
painting, although, the medium used is not strictly pigment.

Stained glass. Stained glass as an artwork is common in Gothic cathedrals and

churches. This is made by combining many small pieces of colored glass which
are held together by bands of lead.

Tapestry. This is a fabric consisting of a warp upon which colored threads are
woven by hand to produce a design, often pictorials, wall hangings and furniture
covering.

Drawing. Drawing is usually done on paper using pencil, pen and ink, or
charcoal. It is the most fundamental of all skills necessary in arts.

Bistre. Bistre is a brown pigment extracted from the soot wood, and often
used in pen and wash drawings.

Crayons. Crayons are pigments bound by wax and compressed into painted
sticks used for drawing especially among children in the elementary grades.
They adhere better on paper surface.

Charcoal. These are carbonaceous materials obtained by heating wood or other

organic substances in the absence of oxygen.

Silverpoint. In this medium, the artist has a technique of drawing with silver
stylus on specially prepared paper to produce a thin grayish line that was
popular during the renaissance.

Printmaking. A print is anything printed on a surface that is direct result from

duplicating process.

Sculpture
The most important thing to consider is the material.

 Stone is the hard and brittle substance formed from mineral earth
material.
 Fade is a fine, colorful stone, usually green, and used widely in Ancient
China.
 Ivory, which comes from the main parts of tusk of elephants, is the hard
white substance used to make carvings and billiard balls.
 Metals include any of a class of elementary substances such as gold,
silver, or copper all of which are crystalline when solid and many of which
 are characterized by capacity, ductility, conductivity and peculiar luster
when freshly fractured.
 Bronze is one of the oldest alloys of metal composing chiefly of copper
and tin with color and is one of the most universally popular metals for
sculpture.
 Brass, an alloy of copper and zinc, is not popularly used by artists because
of its limitations as a medium.
 Copper, which has a peculiar brilliance, is used as a costing medium. This
is basically shaped by hammering. It can be fashioned into relief forms.
 Gold and Silver are used as a casting materials for small objects like
medals, coins, and pieces of jewelry.

Architecture
Architecture is an art. It is the art of designing a building and supervising its
construction.

One primary purposes of architecture is to fulfill man’s needs that led to its
creation.

 Physical needs- shelter (for self-preservation and reproduction)

 Emotional needs- endowed with rich beauty and interest.
 Intellectual needs- a building of science, education government, etc.
 Psychosocial needs
a. for recognition, prestige, civic, and personal.
b. for response- due to love, friendship, and sociability (fraternal
buildings, city clubs, ballrooms, living rooms).
c. for self- expression- theatres, museums, cultural centers, stadiums,
gymnasiums, bowling alleys, etc.