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PCS-902 X Instruction Manual en Overseas General X R1.03 (En XLBH5102.0086.0014)
PCS-902 X Instruction Manual en Overseas General X R1.03 (En XLBH5102.0086.0014)
Preface
Introduction
This guide and the relevant operating or service manual documentation for the equipment provide
full information on safe handling, commissioning and testing of this equipment.
Documentation for equipment ordered from NR is dispatched separately from manufactured goods
and may not be received at the same time. Therefore, this guide is provided to ensure that printed
information normally present on equipment is fully understood by the recipient.
Before carrying out any work on the equipment, the user should be familiar with the contents of
this manual, and read relevant chapter carefully.
This chapter describes the safety precautions recommended when using the equipment. Before
installing and using the equipment, this chapter must be thoroughly read and understood.
When electrical equipment is in operation, dangerous voltages will be present in certain parts of
the equipment. Failure to observe warning notices, incorrect use, or improper use may endanger
personnel and equipment and cause personal injury or physical damage.
Before working in the terminal strip area, the equipment must be isolated.
Proper and safe operation of the equipment depends on appropriate shipping and handling,
proper storage, installation and commissioning, and on careful operation, maintenance and
servicing. For this reason, only qualified personnel may work on or operate the equipment.
Are familiar with the installation, commissioning, and operation of the equipment and of the
system to which it is being connected;
Are able to safely perform switching operations in accordance with accepted safety
engineering practices and are authorized to energize and de-energize equipment and to
isolate, ground, and label it;
Are trained in the care and use of safety apparatus in accordance with safety engineering
practices;
DANGER!
It means that death, severe personal injury, or considerable equipment damage will occur if safety
precautions are disregarded.
WARNING!
It means that death, severe personal, or considerable equipment damage could occur if safety
precautions are disregarded.
CAUTION!
It means that light personal injury or equipment damage may occur if safety precautions are
disregarded. This particularly applies to damage to the device and to resulting damage of the
protected equipment.
WARNING!
The firmware may be upgraded to add new features or enhance/modify existing features, please
make sure that the version of this manual is compatible with the product in your hand.
WARNING!
During operation of electrical equipment, certain parts of these devices are under high voltage.
Severe personal injury or significant equipment damage could result from improper behavior.
Only qualified personnel should work on this equipment or in the vicinity of this equipment. These
personnel must be familiar with all warnings and service procedures described in this manual, as
well as safety regulations.
In particular, the general facility and safety regulations for work with high-voltage equipment must
be observed. Noncompliance may result in death, injury, or significant equipment damage.
DANGER!
Never allow the current transformer (CT) secondary circuit connected to this equipment to be
opened while the primary system is live. Opening the CT circuit will produce a dangerously high
voltage.
WARNING!
Exposed terminals
Do not touch the exposed terminals of this equipment while the power is on, as the high voltage
generated is dangerous
Residual voltage
Hazardous voltage can be present in the DC circuit just after switching off the DC power supply. It
takes a few seconds for the voltage to discharge.
CAUTION!
Earth
Operating environment
The equipment must only be used within the range of ambient environment detailed in the
specification and in an environment free of abnormal vibration.
Ratings
Before applying AC voltage and current or the DC power supply to the equipment, check that they
conform to the equipment ratings.
Do not attach and remove printed circuit boards when DC power to the equipment is on, as this
may cause the equipment to malfunction.
External circuit
When connecting the output contacts of the equipment to an external circuit, carefully check the
supply voltage used in order to prevent the connected circuit from overheating.
Connection cable
Copyright
We reserve all rights to this document and to the information contained herein. Improper use in particular reproduction and dissemination
to third parties is strictly forbidden except where expressly authorized.
The information in this manual is carefully checked periodically, and necessary corrections will be included in future editions. If
nevertheless any errors are detected, suggestions for correction or improvement are greatly appreciated.
Documentation Structure
The manual provides a functional and technical description of this relay and a comprehensive set
of instructions for the relay’s use and application.
1 Introduction
Briefly introduce the application, functions and features about this relay.
2 Technical Data
Introduce the technical data about this relay, such as electrical specifications, mechanical
specifications, ambient temperature and humidity range, communication port parameters, type
tests, setting ranges and accuracy limits and the certifications that our products have passed.
3 Operation Theory
Introduce a comprehensive and detailed functional description of all protective elements.
4 Supervision
Introduce the automatic self-supervision function of this relay.
5 Management
Introduce the management function (measurment, recording etc.) of this relay.
6 Hardware
Introduce the main function carried out by each plug-in module of this relay and providing the
definition of pins of each plug-in module.
7 Settings
List settings including system settings, communication settings, label settings, logic links and etc.,
and some notes about the setting application.
9 Configurable Function
Introduce configurable function of the device and all configurable signals are listed.
10 Communication
Introduce the communication port and protocol which this relay can support, IEC60970-5-103,
IEC61850 and DNP3.0 protocols are introduced in details.
11 Installation
iv PCS-902 Line Distance Relay
Date: 2011-12-23
Preface
Introduce the recommendations on unpacking, handling, inspection and storage of this relay. A
guide to the mechanical and electrical installation of this relay is also provided, incorporating
earthing recommendations. A typical wiring connection to this relay is indicated.
12 Commissioning
Introduce how to commission this relay, comprising checks on the calibration and functionality of
this relay.
13 Maintenance
A general maintenance policy for this relay is outlined.
Deviations may be permitted in drawings and tables when the type of designator can be obviously
derived from the illustration.
&
AND gate
≥1
OR gate
Comparator
BI
Binary signal via opto-coupler
SET I>
Input signal from comparator with setting
EN
Input signal of logic setting for function enabling
SIG
Input of binary signal except those signals via opto-coupler
XXX
Output signal
Timer
t
t
Timer (optional definite-time or inverse-time characteristic)
10ms 0ms
Timer [delay pickup (10ms), delay dropoff (0ms), non-settable]
[XXX] 0ms
Timer (delay pickup, settable)
0ms [XXX]
Timer (delay dropoff, settable)
[XXX] [XXX]
Timer (delay pickup, delay dropoff, settable)
IDMT
Timer (inverse-time characteristic)
1 Introduction
Table of Contents
1 Introduction..................................................................................... 1-a
1.1 Application....................................................................................................... 1-1
1.2 Function ........................................................................................................... 1-3
1.3 Features ........................................................................................................... 1-6
List of Figures
Figure 1.1-1 Typical application of PCS-902............................................................................. 1-1
1.1 Application
PCS-902 is a digital line distance protection with the main and back-up protection functions, which
is designed for overhead line or cables and hybrid transmission lines of various voltage levels.
Main protection of PCS-902 comprises of pilot distance protection (PUTT, POTT, blocking and
unblocking) and pilot directional earth-fault protection (selectable for independent communication
channel or sharing channel with POTT), which can clear any internal fault instantaneously for the
whole line with the aid of protection signalling. DPFC distance protection can perform extremely
high speed operation for close-up faults. There is direct transfer trip (DTT) feature incorporated in
the relay.
PCS-902 also includes distance protection (3 forward zones and 1 reverse zone distance
protection with selectable mho or quadrilateral characteristic), 4 stages directional earth fault
protection, 4 stages directional phase overcurrent protection, 2 stages voltage protection
(under/over voltage protection), broken conductor protection, pole discrepancy protection, breaker
failure protection, frequency protection, thermal overload protection, etc. Moreover, a backup
overcurrent and earth fault protection will be automatically enabled when VT circuit is failure. In
addition, stub overcurrent protection is provided for one and a half breakers arrangement when
transmission line is put into maintenance.
PCS-902 has selectable mode of single-phase tripping or three-phase tripping and configurable
auto-reclosing mode for 1-pole, 3-poles and 1/3-pole operation.
PCS-902 with appropriate selection of integrated protection functions can be applied for various
voltage levels and primary equipment such as cables, overhead lines, interconnectors and
transformer feeder, etc. It also supports configurable binary inputs, binary outputs, LEDs and IEC
61850 protocol.
BUS
52
81
59
50G 50P
FL
Data Transmitt/Receive
51G 51P 27
SOTF 25 79
LINE
1.2 Function
1. Protection Function
Distance protection
Power swing blocking releasing, selectable for each of above mentioned zones
Current protection
Four stages directional earth fault protection, selectable time characteristic (definite-time
or inverse-time) and directionality (forward direction, reverse direction or non-directional)
Voltage protection
Frequency protection
Control function
Synchro-checking
Automatic reclosure (single shot or multi-shot (max. 4) for 1-pole AR and 3-pole AR)
Dual-channels redundancy
2. Logic
3. Additional function
Fault location
VT circuit supervision
CT circuit supervision
Self diagnostic
Event Recorder including 1024 disturbance records, 1024 binary events, 1024 supervision
events, 256 control logs and 1024 device logs.
Disturbance recorder including 64 disturbance records with waveforms (The file format of
disturbance recorder is compatible with international COMTRADE file.)
Clock synchronization
– PPS(RS-485)
– IRIG-B(RS-485)
– PPM(DIN)
– SNTP(PTP)
– IEEE1588
– SNTP(BC)
– PPS(DIN)
4. Monitoring
Channel status
Frequency
5. Communication
2 RS-485 communication rear ports conform to IEC 60870-5-103 protocol or DNP3.0 protocol
Up to 4 Ethernet ports (depend on the chosen type of MON plug-in module) conform to IEC
61850 protocol, DNP3.0 protocol or IEC 60870-5-103 protocol over TCP/IP
Up to 2 Ethernet ports via optic fiber (ST interface or SC interface, depend on the chosen type
of MON plug-in module) conform to IEC 61850 protocol, DNP3.0 protocol or IEC 60870-5-103
protocol over TCP/IP
6. User Interface
Friendly HMI interface with LCD and 9-button keypad on the front panel.
1.3 Features
The intelligent device integrated with protection, control and monitor provides powerful
protection function, flexible protection configuration, user programmable logic and
configurable binary input and binary output, which can meet with various application
requirements.
Fast fault clearance for faults within the protected line, the operating time is less than 10 ms
for close-up faults, less than 15ms for faults in the middle portion of protected line and less
than 25ms for remote end faults.
The unique DPFC distance element integrated in the protective device provides extremely
high speed operation and insensitive to power swing.
Self-adaptive floating threshold which only reflects deviation of power frequency component
improves the protection sensitivity and stability under the condition of load fluctuation and
system disturbance.
Advanced and reliable ‘power swing blocking releasing′ feature which ensure distance
protection operate correctly for internal fault during power swing and prevent distance
protection from maloperation during power swing
Flexible automatic reclosure supports various initiation modes and check modes
Multiple setting groups with password protection and setting value saved permanently before
modification
Powerful PC tool software can fulfill protection function configuration, modify setting and
waveform analysis.
2 Technical Data
Table of Contents
2 Technical Data................................................................................. 2-a
2.1 Electrical Specifications ................................................................................. 2-1
2.1.1 AC Current Input .................................................................................................................. 2-1
380Vac
Maximal system voltage
250Vdc
Test voltage across open contact 1000V RMS for 1min
Insulation resistance
Isolation resistance >100MΩ@500VDC
measurements
2.6 Certifications
ISO9001:2000
ISO14001:2004
OHSAS18001:1999
ISO10012:2003
CMMI L4
2.7.14 Auto-reclosing
Phase difference setting range 0~89 (Deg)
Accuracy 2.0Deg
Voltage difference setting range 0.02Un~0.8Un (V)
Accuracy Max(0.01Un, 2.5%)
Frequency difference setting range 0.02~1 (Hz)
Accuracy 0.01Hz
Operating time of synchronism check ≤1%Setting+20ms
Operating time of energizing check ≤1%Setting+20ms
3 Operation Theory
Table of Contents
3 Operation Theory ............................................................................ 3-a
3.1 System Parameters ......................................................................................... 3-1
3.1.1 General Application ............................................................................................................. 3-1
List of Figures
Figure 3.3-1 Logic diagram of CB position supervision ......................................................... 3-4
Figure 3.5-1 Protected reach of distance protection for each zone .................................... 3-12
Figure 3.5-2 Operating time of single-phase fault (50Hz, SIR=1) ......................................... 3-13
Figure 3.5-3 Operating time of single-phase fault (60Hz, SIR=1) ......................................... 3-13
Figure 3.5-4 Operating time of two-phase fault (50Hz, SIR=1) ............................................. 3-14
Figure 3.5-5 Operating time of two-phase fault (60Hz, SIR=1) ............................................. 3-14
Figure 3.5-8 Operating time of single-phase fault (50Hz, SIR=30) ....................................... 3-16
Figure 3.5-9 Operating time of single-phase fault (60Hz, SIR=30) ....................................... 3-16
Figure 3.5-10 Operating time of two-phase fault (50Hz, SIR=30) ......................................... 3-17
Figure 3.5-11 Operating time of two-phase fault (60Hz, SIR=30) ......................................... 3-17
Figure 3.5-18 Phase-to-ground operation characteristic for forward fault ......................... 3-22
Figure 3.5-19 Phase-to-phase operation characteristic for forward fault ........................... 3-24
Figure 3.5-22 Operation characteristic of three-phase close up short-circuit fault .......... 3-26
Figure 3.5-23 Shift impedance characteristic of zone 1 and zone 2 .................................... 3-27
Figure 3.5-27 Logic diagram of distance protection (Mho zone 1) ...................................... 3-31
Figure 3.5-28 Logic diagram of distance protection (Mho zone 2) ...................................... 3-32
Figure 3.5-29 Logic diagram of distance protection (Mho zone 3) ...................................... 3-33
Figure 3.5-30 Logic diagram of distance protection (Mho zone 4) ...................................... 3-34
Figure 3.5-35 Logic diagram of distance protection (Quad zone 1) .................................... 3-40
Figure 3.5-36 Logic diagram of distance protection (Quad zone 2) .................................... 3-41
Figure 3.5-37 Logic diagram of distance protection (Quad zone 3) .................................... 3-42
Figure 3.5-38 Logic diagram of distance protection (Quad zone 4) .................................... 3-43
Figure 3.5-41 Logic diagram of pilot distance zone (Quad characteristic) ......................... 3-48
Figure 3.5-42 Logic diagram of pilot distance zone (Mho characteristic)........................... 3-48
Figure 3.5-45 Logic diagram of enabling distance SOTF protection ................................... 3-56
Figure 3.6-1 Direct optical link up to 2km with 830nm .......................................................... 3-61
Figure 3.6-2 Direct optical link up to 40km with 1310nm or up to 100km with 1550nm .... 3-61
Figure 3.6-3 Connect to a communication network via communication convertor .......... 3-61
Figure 3.7-5 Logic diagram of pilot distance protection (PUTT) .......................................... 3-70
Figure 3.7-10 Logic diagram of pilot distance protection (Blocking) .................................. 3-73
Figure 3.8-1 Enabling/disabling logic of pilot directional earth-fault protection ............... 3-80
Figure 3.12-1 Logic diagram of overcurrent protection for VT circuit failure .................. 3-110
Figure 3.13-1 Logic diagram of residual current SOTF protection .................................... 3-112
Figure 3.17-1 Characteristic curve of the thermal overload model ................................... 3-137
Figure 3.21-1 Relationship between reference voltage and synchronous voltage .......... 3-146
Figure 3.21-2 Voltage connection for single busbar arrangement .................................... 3-146
Figure 3.21-3 Voltage connection for single busbar arrangement .................................... 3-147
Figure 3.21-4 Voltage connection for double busbars arrangement ................................. 3-147
Figure 3.21-6 Voltage connection for one and a half breakers arrangement ................... 3-149
Figure 3.21-7 Voltage selection for one and a half breakers arrangement ....................... 3-150
Figure 3.21-8 Voltage selection for one and a half breakers arrangement ....................... 3-151
Figure 3.22-7 Extra time delay and blocking logic of AR .................................................... 3-164
List of Tables
Table 3.1-1 System parameters .................................................................................................. 3-1
Table 3.12-1 I/O signals of overcurrent protection for VT circuit failure ........................... 3-109
Table 3.12-2 Settings of overcurrent protection for VT circuit failure ............................... 3-110
Table 3.14-4 Inverse-time curve parameters of phase undervoltage protection .............. 3-120
Table 3.28-1 Relation between ΔUOΦMAX and faulty phase ............................................. 3-179
Further to correct configuration of analog input channels, other protected system information, such
as the parameters of voltage transformer and current transformer are also required.
3.1.3 Settings
Table 3.1-1 System parameters
3.2.3 Settings
Table 3.2-1 Line parameters
In order to prevent that wrong status of CB position is input into the device via binary input,
appropriate monitor method is used to check the rationality of the binary input. When the binary
input of CB open position is detected, the status of CB position will be thought as incorrect and an
alarm [Alm_52b] will be issued if there is current detected in the line.
Together with the status of circuit breaker and the information of external circuit, this function can
be used to supervise control circuit of circuit breaker.
CB Position Supervision
52b_PhA Alm_52b
52b_PhB
52b_PhC
CB Position Supervision
52b Alm_52b
TCCS
52a TCCS.Alm
52b
TCCS.Input
TCCS will be disabled automatically when it is used for phase-segregated circuit breaker.
3.3.5 Logic
BI 52b_PhA &
>=1
52b_A_CB
BI 52b_PhB &
>=1
52b_B_CB
BI 52b_PhC &
>=1
52b_C_CB
EN [En_3PhCB] &
BI 52b
>=1
SIG 52b_C_CB &
& &
>=1 10s 10s Alm_52b
SIG Ia>I_Line
&
SIG Ib>I_Line
&
SIG Ic>I_Line
BI [52a] >=1
>=1
BI [52b] [TCCS.t_DPU] [TCCS.t_DDO] TCCS.Alm
BI [TCCS.Input]
Where:
1. TCCS.t_DPU is pickup delay time of control circuit failure alarm. Default value is 500ms.
2. TCCS.t_DDO is dropoff delay time of control circuit failure alarm. Default value is 500ms.
3. I_Line is threshold value used to determine whether line is on-load or no-load. Default value
0.06In.
3.3.6 Settings
Table 3.3-2 Internal settings of CB position supervision
3. Pickup condition 3: Phase voltage or phase-to-phase voltage is greater than the voltage
setting of overvoltage protection
Pickup condition 3 and 4 are only available when respective protection elements are enabled.
If any of the above conditions is complied, the FD will operate to activate the output circuit
providing DC power supply to the output relays.
DPFC current fault detector element (pickup condition 1) and residual current fault detector
element (pickup condition 2) are always enabled, and all protection functions are permitted to
operate when they operate.
DPFC phase-to-phase current is obtained by subtracting the phase-to-phase current from that of a
cycle before.
I(k-24) is the value of a sampling point before a cycle, 24 is the sampling points in one cycle.
200
100
-100
-200
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Original Current
100
50
-50
-100
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
DPFC current
From above figures, it is concluded that DPFC can reflect the sudden change of current at the
initial stage of a fault and has a perfect performance of fault detection.
It is used to determine whether this pickup condition is met according to Equation 3.4-1.
For multi-phase short-circuit fault, the DPFC phase-to-phase current has high sensitivity to ensure
the pickup of protection device. For usual single phase to earth fault, it also has sufficient
sensitivity to pick up except the earth fault with very large fault resistance. Under this condition the
DPFC current is relative small, however, residual current is also used to judge pickup condition
(pickup condition 2).
This element adopts adaptive floating threshold varied with the change of load current
continuously. The change of load current is small and steadily under normal or power swing
condition, the adaptive floating threshold with the ΔI Set is higher than the change of current under
these conditions and hence maintains the element stability.
Where:
ΔI ΦΦMAX : The maximum half-wave integration value of phase-to-phase current (ΦΦ=AB, BC, CA)
The coefficient, 1.25, is an empirical value which ensures the threshold always higher than the
unbalance output value of the system.
If operating condition is met, DPFC current element will pickup and trigger FD to provide DC power
supply for output relays, the FD operation signal will maintain 7 seconds after DPFC current
element drops off.
This pickup condition will be met when 3I0 is greater than the setting [FD.ROC.3I0_Set].
Where:
3I0: residual current calculates from the vector sum of Ia, Ib and Ic
When residual current FD element operates and lasts for longer than 10 seconds, an alarm
[Alm_PersistI0] will be issued.
If operating condition is met, the residual current FD element will pickup and trigger FD to provide
DC power supply for output relay, and pickup signal will be kept for 7 seconds after the residual
current FD element drops off.
Overvoltage fault detector will be automatically effective when overvoltage protection is enabled.
If the logic setting [59Px.Opt_1P/3P] is set as “1” (x=1 or 2), i.e. the protective device adopts
1-out-of-3 mode, when any phase voltage is greater than the setting [59Px.U_Set] (x=1 or 2), the
overvoltage fault detector element will pickup and trigger FD to provide DC power supply for
output relays, the FD operation signal will maintain 7 seconds after overvoltage fault detector
If the logic setting [59Px.Opt_1P/3P] is set as “0” (x=1 or 2), i.e. the protective device adopts
3-out-of-3 mode, when all three phase voltages are greater than the setting [59Px.U_Set] (x=1 or
2), the overvoltage fault detector element will pickup and trigger FD to provide DC power supply
for output relays, the FD operation signal will maintain 7 seconds after overvoltage fault detector
element drops off.
3.4.2.4 Fault Detector Based on Circuit Breaker Position Discrepancy (pickup condition 4)
When pole discrepancy protection is enabled, i.e. the logic setting [62PD.En] is set as “1”, and if
three phases of circuit breaker are not in the same status, pole discrepancy FD element will
operate to provide DC power supply for output relays, and pickup signal will maintain 7 seconds
after pole discrepancy FD element drops out.
Under the normal state, the protection device will perform the following tasks:
3. Hardware self-check
6. Channel supervision
Once the protection fault detector element in protection calculation DSP picks up, the protection
device will switch to fault calculation program, for example the calculation of distance protection,
and to determine logic. If the fault is within the protected zone, the protection device will send
tripping command.
Main program
Sampling program
No Yes
Pickup?
The protection FD pickup conditions are the same as the FD in fault detector DSP as shown below.
The operation criteria for the conditions are also the same as that in fault detector DSP. Please
refer to section 3.4.2 for details.
3. Pickup condition 3: Phase voltage or phase-to-phase voltage is greater than the setting value
When any pickup condition mentioned above is met, the protection device will go to fault
calculation state.
Pickup condition 3 and 4 are not common fault detector elements, only used for respective
protection element. Please refer to section 3.14.1 and section 3.19 for details.
FD
FD.Pkp
FD.DPFC.Pkp
FD.ROC.Pkp
3.4.6 Logic
3.4.7 Settings
Table 3.4-2 Settings of fault detector
It is independent fast protection providing extremely fast speed to clear close up fault
especially on long line and thus improves system stability.
The pilot zone is for PUTT, POTT and blocking scheme. The forward direction element is for
sending signal for POTT and tripping upon receiving permissive signal for both PUTT and
POTT scheme. The forward direction element for blocking scheme is used to stop sending
blocking signal. The reverse direction element is only for POTT scheme with weak infeed
condition.
7. Blinder
It is used to prevent distance protection with Mho characteristic from undesired trip due to
load encroachment under heavy load condition especially for long lines.
For power swing with external fault, distance protection is always blocked, but for power
swing with internal fault, PSBR will operate to release the blocking for distance protection.
For manual closing or automatic closing on to a fault, zone 2 or 3 of distance protection will
accelerate to trip.
When VT circuit fails, VT circuit supervision logic will output a blocking signal to block all distance
protection except DPFC distance protection. The operating threshold will be increased to 1.5U N to
enhance stability.
Distance protection can select line VT or bus VT for protection algorithm by a setting
[VTS.En_Line_VT]. When no VT is provided, logic setting [VTS.En_Out_VT] should be set as “1”,
all distance protection will be blocked automatically. The coordination among zones of distance
protection is shown in the following figure.
Z4
M P N
EM A B C D EN
Z1、DZ
Z2
Z3
Where:
The zone 1 impedance reach setting should be set to cover as much the protected line as possible
but not to respond faults beyond the protected line. The accuracy of the relay distance elements is
+/- 2.5% in general applications, however, the error could be much larger due to errors of current
transformer, voltage transformer and inaccuracies of line parameter from which the relay settings
are calculated. It is recommended the zone 1 reach is set to 80%~85% of the protected line in
consideration the aforesaid errors and safety margin to prevent instantaneously tripping for faults
on adjacent lines. The remaining 20% of the protected line relies on the zone 2 distance elements.
With the pilot scheme distance protection, fast fault clearance could also be achieved for end zone
faults at both ends of the protected line.
The general rule for zone 2 impedance reach setting is set to cover the protected line plus 20% of
the adjacent line. However, the coverage of adjacent line should be extended in the presence of
additional infeed at the remote end of the protected line to ensure 20% coverage of adjacent line.
This assures the fast operation of zone 2 distance element for faults at the remote end of the
protected line since the fault is well within zone 2 reach. This is important for pilot protection as the
impedance reach of pilot zone is the same as that of zone 2 distance element. In a parallel line
situation, a fault cleared sequentially on a line may cause current reversal in the healthy line. If the
pilot zone settings are set to cover 50% of adjacent line and the POTT or Blocking scheme is used,
the current reversal in the healthy line could cause relay mal-operation. Therefore, current reversal
logic is required and explained in section 3.7.2.6.
The Z3 distance element acts as backup protection for protected line and adjacent line but not to
over the zone 2 setting of adjacent line. The zone 3 impedance reach is generally 2 times zone 1
reach, i.e. 160% of protected line.
35
30
25
Operating Time (ms)
20
15
10
0
0 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
30
25
Operating Time (ms)
20
15
10
0
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
35
30
25
Operating Time (ms)
20
15
10
0
0 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
30
25
Operating Time (ms)
20
15
10
0
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
35
30
25
Operating Time (ms)
20
15
10
0
0 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
30
25
Operating Time (ms)
20
15
10
0
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
33
32.5
32
Operating Time (ms)
31.5
31
30.5
30
29.5
29
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
27.5
27
26.5
Operating Time (ms)
26
25.5
25
24.5
24
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
45
40
35
30
Operating Time (ms)
25
20
15
10
5
0
0 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
35
30
25
Operating Time (ms)
20
15
10
0
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
33
32
31
Operating Time (ms)
30
29
28
27
0 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
27.5
27
26.5
Operating Time (ms)
26
25.5
25
24.5
24
23.5
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
As an independent fast protection, DPFC distance protection is mainly used to clear close up fault
of long line quickly, its protected range can set as 80%~85% of the whole line.
Since DPFC distance protection only reflects fault component and is not influenced by current
change due to load variation and power swing, power swing blocking (PSB) is this not required.
Moreover, there is no transient overreaching due to infeed current from the remote power supply
because it is not influenced by load current.
DPFC distance protection may not overreach, and its protected zone will be inverse-proportion
reduced with system impedance behind it, i.e. the protected zone will be less than setting if the
system impedance is greater. The protected zone will be close to setting value if the system
impedance is smaller. Therefore, DPFC distance protection is usually used for long transmission
line with large power source and it is recommended to disable DPFC distance protection for short
line or the line with weak power source.
ZZD
M F N
Z
EM EN
∆I
ZS ZK
jX
Zzd
Zk
Φ
R
Zs+Zk
-Zs
Where:
Z K : measurement impedance
Figure 3.5-14 shows the operation characteristic of DPFC distance protection on R-X plane when
a fault occurs in forward direction, which is the circle with the –Zs as the center and the│Zs+Zzd│ as
the radius. When measured impedance Zk is in the circle, DPFC distance protection will operate.
DPFC distance protection has a larger capability of enduring fault resistance than distance
protection using positive-sequence as polarized voltage.
ZZD
F M N
Z
EM EN
∆I
ZK
Z′S
jX
Z's
Zzd
Φ R
-Zk
Z' S :total impedance between remote system and protective device location
Figure 3.5-15 shows the operation characteristic of the DPFC distance element on R-X plane
when a fault occurs in reverse direction, which is the circle with the Z′ S as the center and
the│Z′ S -Z zd │as the radius. The region of operation is in the quadrant 1 but the measured
impedance -Zk is always in the quadrant 3, the DPFC distance protection will not operate.
The DPFC distance protection can be enabled or disabled by logic setting and binary input.
21D
21D.En_DPFC 21D.Op_DPFC
21D.Blk_DPFC
3.5.3.4 Logic
EN [21D.En_DPFC]
&
SIG 21D.En_DPFC
EN [VTS.En_Out_VT]
SIG UPP<0.85Unn
SIG PD signal
Note!
PD signal only blocks DPFC distance element of corresponding phase (i.e. broken phase),
and healthy phases (operation phases) are not affected.
3.5.3.5 Settings
ZZD
M F N
Z IN
EM EN
I
ZS ZK
jX
ZZD
ZK
Φ
R
-2ZS/3
Where:
Z K : measurement impedance
Operation voltage:
Polarized voltage:
In short line, phase shift θ1 could be applied to the polarized voltage to improve the performance
against high resistance fault. The device provides an angle-shift setting, [ZG.phi_Shift], to set
value of θ1 among 0°, 15° and 30°. Their impedance shift characteristics towards quadrant 1 are
respectively shown as the impedance circle A, B and C in Figure 3.5-22.
For zone 3:
Operation voltage:
Polarized voltage:
The operation characteristic is shown in Figure 3.5-17. Operation characteristic of Z K on R-X plane
is a circle with line connecting ends of Z ZD and -2Z S /3 as the diameter. The origin is enclosed in
the circle.
jX
ZZD
ZK
Φ
R
-ZS/2
Operation voltage:
Polarized voltage:
Phase shift θ2 could be applied to polarized voltage of zones 1 and 2 just like θ1 in
phase-to-ground distance element. It is also used for improving performance against high
resistance fault in short line. The device provides an angle-shift setting, [21M.ZP.phi_Shift], to set
value of θ2 among 0°, 15° and 30°. Their impedance shift characteristics towards quadrant 1 are
respectively shown as the impedance circle A, B and C in Figure 3.5-22.
For zone 3:
Operation voltage:
Polarized voltage:
Operation characteristic of Z K on R-X plane is a circle with line connecting ends of Z ZD and -Z S /2
as the diameter. The origin is enclosed in the circle.
Figure 3.5-19 shows operation characteristic of measured impedance -Z K on R-X plane when an
asymmetric reverse fault occurs. This characteristic is a circle with line connecting ends of Z ZD and
Z' S as the diameter. It will operate only when -Z K is in the circle. Therefore, directionality of the
distanced protection is achieved.
ZZD
F M N
Z
EM EN
IΦ
ZK
Z′S
jX
Z'S
ZZD
Φ
R
-ZK
Z' S : total impedance between remote system and protective device location
jX
ZZD
ZK
Φ
R
Phase-to-phase distance protection is also used for three-phase short-circuit fault. The operation
characteristic is shown in Figure 3.5-20. Operation characteristic of Z K on R-X plane is a circle with
setting impedance Z ZD as the diameter.
jX
ZZD
ZK
Φ
R
C
-ZS B
A
Where:
Z K : measured impedance
As shown in Figure 3.5-21, the characteristic of the distance protection for a three-phase fault on a
system is an impedance circle cross the origin, and there is a voltage dead zone around the origin.
In order to eliminate the dead zone of the distance protection for a close up three-phase fault
memorized positive-sequence voltage is adopted as polarized voltage when the
positive-sequence voltage drops down to 15%Un or below.
The transient (during process of memory) operation characteristic is shown as the impedance
circle A in the above figure. The circle takes Z ZD and -Z ZS as diameter and thus the origin is within
the impedance circle. When three-phase fault happens in reverse direction, its transient
characteristic is shown in Figure 3.5-19, i.e. the distance protection has a clearly defined
directionality and no dead zone during the process of memory.
For zone 1, zone 2 and zone 3 of the phase-to-phase distance protection, if distance protection
operates with memorized polarizing voltage, this means a close up forward fault. When the
memory fades out, the operation characteristic will be reverse offset a little to enclose the origin as
impedance circle B shown in Figure 3.5-21 to ensure keeping operating of distance protection until
the fault being cleared. If distance protection does not operate with memorized polarizing voltage,
it will be a close up reverse fault. When the memory fades out, the operation characteristic will be
forward offset not to enclose the origin as impedance circle C shown in Figure 3.5-21, and the
distance protection will not mal-operate even if voltage is zero.
The distance protection with such design thoroughly eliminates the dead zone when three-phase
close up fault occurs. It also has favorable directivity and will not operate for a reverse three-phase
fault at busbar.
When receiving manual closing signal or 3-pole reclosing signal, the operation characteristic of
phase to phase distance protection will always enclose the origin of impedance, with no dead zone,
i.e. the reverse offset impedance circle B shown in Figure 3.5-21.
jX
B: 15° C: 30°
ZZD
A: 0°
D
-ZS
The impedance characteristic of phase-to-ground distance protection is the circle with line
connecting ends of Z ZD and -2Z S /3 as the diameter and that of phase-to-phase distance is the
circle with line connecting ends of Z ZD and -Z S /2 as the diameter.
In order to prevent the transient overreach caused by the infeed power supply from the remote
end, the zero-sequence reactance line D is added. These measures have enhanced the capacity
against fault resistance when using distance protection in short lines.
3. Zone 4
ZZDR ZZDF
F M N
I Z
EM EN
ZK
jX
ZZDF
Φ
R
ZK
ZZDR
Where:
Z K : measurement impedance
When a fault occurs on the rear busbar, reverse distance element is provided to clear it with
definite time delay and is taken as backup protection for reverse busbar fault. Its operation
characteristic is shown in Figure 3.5-23.
4. Blinder
The blinder characteristic for all zones shown in Figure 3.5-24 can be used to restrict the reach of
a distance relay on a long line or during heavy load conditions. The distance relay will be allowed
to trip only when both blinders are operated (i.e., the apparent impedance must be between the
two characteristics).
jX
B ZZD A
Φ
R
RZD RZD
In order to ensure distance protection reach not to encroach into load impendence, the
phase-to-phase and phase-to-ground blinders are used. As shown above, the characteristic angle
of the blinder is the same as line positive sequence characteristic angle Φ, this makes the
protected zones covering same fault resistance. R ZD is the setting [21M.R_Blinder]. The operation
region is between line A and line B. The logic setting [21M.En_Blinder] can decide whether the
blinder is enabled or not.
21M
21M.En 21M.Z1.Op
21M.Blk
21M.ZGx.En 21M.Z2.Op
21M.ZPx.En
21M.ZGx.Blk
21M.Z3.Op
21M.ZPx.Blk
21M.Zx.En_ShortDly
21M.Z4.Op
21M.Zx.Blk_ShortDly
“1” (x=1,2,3,4)
Zone x of phase-to-phase distance protection blocking input, default value is
6 21M.ZPx.Blk
“0” (x=1,2,3,4)
7 21M.Zx.En_ShortDly Enable accelerating zone 2 of distance protection (x=2,3)
8 21M.Zx.Blk_ShortDly Accelerating zone 2 of distance protection is disabled (x=2,3)
No. Output Signal Description
1 21M.Z1.Op Zone 1 of distance protection operates
2 21M.Z2.Op Zone 2 of distance protection operates
3 21M.Z3.Op Zone 3 of distance protection operates
4 21M.Z4.Op zone 4 of distance protection operates
3.5.4.4 Logic
EN [VTS.En_Out_VT]
SIG 21M.Enable
&
SIG 21M.ZG1.En & 21M.ZG1.Enable
SIG 21M.ZG1.Blk
&
SIG 21M.ZP1.En & 21M.ZP1.Enable
SIG 21M.ZP1.Blk
SIG 21M.Z1.Rls_PSBR
&
SIG 21M.ZG1.Enable & [21M.ZG1.t_Op] 0 21M.ZG1.Op
EN [21M.ZG1.En]
SET 3I0>[FD.ROC.3I0_Set]
>=1
SIG Flag.21M.ZP1.Z (PP) & 21M.Z1.Flg_PSBR
EN [21M.ZP1.En]
Where:
SIG 21M.Enable
&
SIG 21M.ZG2.En & 21M.ZG2.Enable
SIG 21M.ZG2.Blk
&
SIG 21M.ZP2.En & 21M.ZP2.Enable
SIG 21M.ZP2.Blk
EN [21M.Z2.En_ShortDly]
SET 3I0>[FD.ROC.3I0_Set]
Where:
SIG 21M.Enable
&
SIG 21M.ZG3.En & 21M.ZG3.Enable
SIG 21M.ZG3.Blk
&
SIG 21M.ZP3.En & 21M.ZP3.Enable
SIG 21M.ZP3.Blk
EN [21M.Z3.En_ShortDly]
Where:
SIG 21M.Enable
&
SIG 21M.ZG4.En & 21M.ZG4.Enable
SIG 21M.Zp4.Blk
&
SIG 21M.ZP4.En & 21M.ZP4.Enable
SIG 21M.ZP4.Blk
EN [21M.ZP4.En]
Where:
3.5.4.5 Settings
1: enable
Fixed accelerate zone 3 of distance
protection
32 21M.Z3.En_ShortDly 0 or 1
0: disable
1: enable
Impedance setting of zone 4 of
33 21M.Z4.Z_Fwd (0.000~4Unn)/In 0.001 ohm
distance protection in forward direction
Impedance setting of zone 4 of
34 21M.Z4.Z_Rev (0.000~4Unn)/In 0.001 ohm
distance protection in reverse direction
Time delay of zone 4 of distance
35 21M.Z4.t_Op 0.000~10.000 0.001 s
protection
Enabling/disabling zone 4 of
phase-to-ground distance protection
36 21M.ZG4.En 0 or 1
0: disable
1: enable
Enabling/disabling phase-to-ground
zone 4 of distance protection operation
to block AR (Internal setting, its default
37 21M.ZG4.En_BlkAR 0 or 1
value is “1”)
0: disable
1: enable
Enabling/disabling zone 4 of
phase-to-phase distance protection
38 21M.ZP4.En 0 or 1
0: disable
1: enable
Enabling/disabling phase-to-phase
zone 4 of distance protection operation
to block AR (Internal setting, its default
39 21M.ZP4.En_BlkAR 0 or 1
value is “1”)
0: disable
1: enable
Resistive impedance reach of distance
40 21M.R_Blinder (0.000~4Unn)/In 0.001 ohm
element
Enabling/disabling blinder element
41 21M.En_Blinder 0 or 1 0: disable
1: enable
5. Power swing blocking releasing, respectively enable or disable for each zone
Quadrilateral forward distance element characteristic for zone 1, 2 and 3 is shown as follows:
jX
ZZD
θ
α φ
φ
β R
O RZD
Where:
Z ZD : impedance setting.
When a fault occurs on the busbar at the back, reverse distance element zone 4 is provided to
clear it with definite time delay and is used as backup protection for reverse busbar fault.
jX
C
RZD β O
R
φ φ
α
B
θ
ZZD A
Where:
21Q
21Q.En 21Q.Z1.Op
21Q.Blk
21Q.ZGx.En 21Q.Z2.Op
21Q.ZPx.En
21Q.ZGx.Blk
21Q.Z3.Op
21Q.ZPx.Blk
21Q.Zx.En_ShortDly
21Q.Z4.Op
21Q.Zx.Blk_ShortDly
3.5.5.4 Logic
EN [VTS.En_Out_VT]
SIG 21Q.Enable
EN [21Q.ZG1.En]
&
& 21Q.ZG1.Enable
SIG 21Q.ZG1.En
SIG 21Q.ZG1.Blk
EN [21Q.ZP1.En]
&
& 21Q.ZP1.Enable
SIG 21Q>ZP1.En
SIG 21Q.ZP1.Blk
&
SIG 21Q.ZG1.Enable & [21Q.ZG1.t_Op] 0 21Q.ZG1.Op
SIG Flag.21Q.ZG1
>=1
SIG 21Q.Z1.Rls_PSBR 21Q.Z1.Flg_PSBR
Where:
SIG 21Q.Enable
EN [21Q.ZG2.En]
&
& 21Q.ZG2.Enable
SIG 21Q.ZG2.En
SIG 21Q.ZG2.Blk
EN [21Q.ZP2.En]
&
& 21Q.ZP2.Enable
SIG 21Q.ZP2.En
SIG 21Q.ZP2.Blk
EN [21Q.Z2.En_ShortDly]
[21Q.ZG2.t_Op] 0
SIG Flag.21Q.ZG2
>=1
SIG 21Q.Z2.Rls_PSBR 21Q.Z2.Flg_PSBR
[21Q.ZP2.t_Op] 0
SIG 21Q.ZG2.Op >=1
21Q.Z2.Op
SIG 21Q.ZP2.Op
Where:
SIG 21Q.Enable
EN [21Q.ZG3.En]
&
& 21Q.ZG3.Enable
SIG 21Q.ZG3.En
SIG 21Q.ZG3.Blk
EN [21Q.ZP3.En]
&
& 21Q.ZP3.Enable
SIG 21Q.ZP3.En
SIG 21Q.ZP3.Blk
EN [21Q.Z3.En_ShortDly]
[21Q.ZG3.t_Op] 0
SIG Flag.21Q.ZG3
>=1
SIG 21Q.Z3.Rls_PSBR 21Q.Z2.Flg_PSBR
[21Q.ZP3.t_Op] 0
SIG 21Q.ZG3.Op >=1
21Q.Z3.Op
SIG 21Q.ZP3.Op
Where:
SIG 21Q.Enable
EN [21Q.ZG4.En]
&
& 21Q.ZG4.Enable
SIG 21Q.ZG4.En
SIG 21Q.ZG4.Blk
EN [21Q.ZP4.En]
&
& 21Q.ZP4.Enable
SIG 21Q.ZP4.En
SIG 21Q.ZP4.Blk
&
SIG 21Q.ZG4.Enable & [21Q.ZG4.t_Op] 0 21Q.ZG4.Op
SIG Flag.21Q.ZG4
>=1
SIG 21Q.Z4.Rls_PSBR 21Q.Z4.Flg_PSBR
Where:
3.5.5.5 Settings
value is “1”)
0: disable
1: enable
An independent pilot zone distance protection is used for PUTT and POTT scheme. There is also
a reverse pilot distance element available as an option for application of POTT on weak power
source system.
Pilot.Z_Set_B Pilot.Z_Rev_B
M N
EM A B C D
Pilot.Z_Rev_A Pilot.Z_Set_A
The operation characteristic of pilot zone is same as that of zone 2, including mho and
quadrilateral characteristic.
When an internal fault occurs, distance protection at weak source end may not operate due to
small fault current. Thus, a reverse distance element is provided to coordinate with the
independent pilot distance protection to implement weak infeed logic, ensure pilot distance
protection can operate to send signal or trip in the weak end. The operation characteristic is shown
in Figure 3.5-38. The reverse weak infeed distance element is forward offset with 1/4 of the
reverse setting to enclose the origin.
Operation characteristics of pilot reverse weak infeed element distance are shown as below.
jX
jX
B
β 21Q.Z_Rev/4
21M.Z_Rev/4
Φ
21Q.R_Rev o R
α
R φ φ
C
θ
21M.Z_Rev 21Q.Z_Rev
A
Where:
3.5.6.2 Logic
批注 [程文君1]: 负荷入侵要改,还有
Figure 3.5-40 Logic diagram of pilot distance zone (Mho characteristic)
到振荡闭锁去的信号没加
Where:
3.5.6.3 Settings
68
68.En 68.St
68.Blk
3.5.7.3 Logic
EN [68.En] &
&
SIG 68.En &
SIG 68.Blk
SIG 3 CB open
>=1
SIG Unblocking for SF
Y: 21M or 21Q
3.5.7.4 Settings
normal condition and power swing when the respective logic settings are enabled. Only when fault
(internal fault or power swing with internal fault) is detected, power swing blocking for distance
protection is released by PSBR element.
Power swing blocking for distance element will be released if any of the following PSBR elements
operates. Each distance zone elements has respective setting for selection this function.
If any of the following condition is matched, FD PSBR will operate for 160ms.
1) Positive sequence current is lower than the setting [I_PSBR] before general fault detector
element operates.
2) Positive sequence current is higher than the setting [I_PSBR] before general fault detector
element operates, but the duration is less than 10ms.
I 0 +I 2 >m×I 1
The “m”, an empirical value, is internal fixed coefficient which can ensure UF PSBR operation
during power swing with internal unsymmetrical fault, while no operation during power swing or
power swing with external fault.
In case of power swing or both power swing and external fault, asymmetric fault discriminating
element will not operate and distance protection will be blocked:
In case of power swing but no fault, I 0 and I 2 are near zero, but I 1 is very large. Asymmetric fault
discriminating element will not operate.
In case of both power swing and external fault, if center of power swing is in scope of protection,
both phase-to-phase and grounding impedance relays may operate. At this time, selection of
value of m is used to ensure no operation of asymmetric fault discriminating element, blocking of
distance protection, and no incorrect operation without selectivity. If power swing center is not on
this line, distance protection will not operate incorrectly without selectivity due to power swing.
In case of internal asymmetric fault, asymmetric fault discriminating element operates and
distance protection will be release to clear internal fault:
In case of both power swing and internal fault, if at the instant of short circuit, system electric
potential angle is not laid out, asymmetric fault discriminating element will operate at once. If at the
instant of short circuit, system electric potential angle is laid out, asymmetric fault discriminating
element will operate when system angle gradually decreases, or local side tripping may be
activated after immediate operation of opposite side asymmetric fault discriminating element and
releasing of distance protection tripping. In case of normal internal asymmetric phase-to-phase or
grounding fault in the system, relatively large zero-sequence or negative-sequence component will
exist. At this time, the above equation is true and distance protection will be released.
If a three-phase fault occurs and FD PSBR is invalid (160ms after FD operates), neither FD PSBR
nor UF PSBR will be able to release the distance protection. Thus, SF PSBR is provided for this
case specially. This detection is based on measuring the voltage at power swing center, during
power swing, U1cosΦ will constantly change periodically.
U OS =U 1 ×COSΦ
Where:
As shown in the figure below, assume system connection impedance angle of 90°, current vector
will be perpendicular to the line connecting E M and E N , and have the same phase as power swing
center voltage. During normal operation of system or power swing, U1cosΦ just reflects
positive-sequence voltage of power swing center. In case of 3-phase short circuit, U1cosΦ is
voltage drop on arc resistor, transition resistance is arc resistance, and voltage drop on arc resistor
is less than 5%U N . In actual system, line impedance angle is not 90°. Through compensation of
angle Φ, power swing center voltage can be measured accurately. After compensation, power
swing center voltage is U1cos(Φ+90o-ΦL), where ΦL is line impedance angle.
I
EM U EN
UOS
During power swing, power swing center voltage U 1 cosΦ has the following characteristics: When
electric potential phase angle difference between power supplies at two sides is 180o, U 1 cosΦ=0
and change rate dU 1 cosΦ/dt is the maximum. When this phase angle difference is near 0o, power
swing center voltage change rate dU 1 cosΦ/dt is the minimum. During short circuit, U 1 cosΦ
remains unchanged and dU 1 cosΦ/dt=0. However, in early stage of short circuit when normal
state enters short circuit state, dU 1 cosΦ/dt is very large. Therefore, use of dU 1 cosΦ/dt solely to
differentiate power swing and short circuit is not complete.
For these reasons, the method to release distance protection on condition that power swing center
voltage U 1 cosΦ is less than a setting and after a short delay can be used as symmetric fault
discriminating element. This element can accurately differentiate power swing and 3-phase short
circuit fault, and constitute a complete power swing blocking scheme with other elements. The
element to open distance protection if U 1 cosΦ is less than a certain setting and after a delay is
easy to realize and has short delay, and can trip fault more quickly and accurately trip 3-phase
short circuit fault during power swing.
when -0.03U N <U OS <0.08U N , the SF PSBR element will operate after 150ms.
when -0.1U N <U OS <0.25U N , the SF PSBR element will operate after 500ms.
The second criterion is a backup of the first criterion allowing longer monitoring period of voltage
variation.
3.5.8.2 Logic
SIG Y.Enable
Unsymmetrical |I0|+|I2|>
>=1
SIG >=1
>=1
SIG symmetrical |U1cosΦ|< t 0ms &
SIG Zx.Flg_PSBR
Y: 21M or 21Q
x: 1, 2, 3, 4 or pilot
Y.Zx.Flg_PSBR: Please refer to Figure 3.5-26~Figure 3.5-29, Figure 3.5-33~Figure 3.5-36, Figure
3.5-39 and Figure 3.5-40.
3.5.8.3 Settings
characteristic)
0: disable
1: enable
Enabling/disabling zone 2 of distance
protection controlled by PSBR (Quad
6 21Q.Z2.En_PSBR 0 or 1 characteristic)
0: disable
1: enable
Enabling/disabling zone 3 of distance
protection controlled by PSBR (Mho
7 21M.Z3.En_PSBR 0 or 1 characteristic)
0: disable
1: enable
Enabling/disabling zone 3 of distance
protection controlled by PSBR (Quad
8 21Q.Z3.En_PSBR 0 or 1 characteristic)
0: disable
1: enable
Enabling/disabling zone 4 of distance
protection controlled by PSBR (Mho
9 21M.Z4.En_PSBR 0 or 1 characteristic)
0: disable
1: enable
Enabling/disabling zone 4 of distance
protection controlled by PSBR (Quad
10 21Q.Z4.En_PSBR 0 or 1 characteristic)
0: disable
1: enable
Enabling/disabling pilot distance
zone controlled by PSBR (Mho
11 21M.Pilot.En_PSBR 0 or 1 characteristic)
0: disable
1: enable
Enabling/disabling pilot distance
zone controlled by PSBR (Quad
12 21Q.Pilot.En_PSBR 0 or 1 characteristic)
0: disable
1: enable
The SOTF (switch onto fault) protection is a complementary function to the distance protection.
With distance SOTF protection, a fast trip is achieved for a fault on the whole line, when the line is
being energized. It shall be responsive to all types of faults anywhere within the protected line.
21SOTF
21SOTF.En 21SOTF.Op
21SOTF.Blk 21SOTF.Op_PDF
3.5.9.3 Logic
EN [21SOTF.En]
SIG 21SOTF.Enable
EN [21SOTF.En_ManCls]
&
& [21SOTF.t_ManCls] 0
SIG Manual closing signal
EN [21SOTF.Z2.En_ManCls] &
SIG Y.Z2.Flg_PSBR
SIG Y.Z3.Flg_PSBR
EN [21SOTF.Z4.En_ManCls] &
SIG Y.Z4.Flg_PSBR
& >=1
EN [21SOTF.En_3PAR] & [21SOTF.t_3PAR] 0 21SOTF.Op
EN [21SOTF.Z2.En_3PAR] &
SIG Y.Z2.Flg_PSBR
EN [21SOTF.Z4.En_3PAR] &
SIG Y.Z4.Flg_PSBR
EN [21SOTF.Z2.En_PSBR]
&
SIG Y.Z2.Flg_PSBR
SIG Y.Z2.Rls_PSBR
>=1
EN [21SOTF.Z3.En_PSBR]
&
SIG Y.Z3.Flg_PSBR
&
SIG Y.Z3.Rls_PSBR [21SOTF.t_1PAR] 0
EN [21SOTF.En_1PAR]
&
SIG PD signal
SIG Y.Z2.Rls_PSBR
SIG PD signal
Y: 21M or 21Q
Distance SOTF protection can be enabled or disabled by logic setting [21SOTF.En] and can be
optional enabled by logic settings independently for several cases, including manual closing,
3-pole reclosing, 1-pole reclosing and pole discrepancy conditions.
Distance protection for SOTF will operate to trip three-phase circuit breaker when closing manually.
Controlled by the logic settings, zone 2, 3 and 4 of distance protection can be determined whether
is accelerated to operate.
Zone 2, 3 and 4 of distance element for SOTF with or without PSBR logic will operate to trip circuit
breaker if the logic setting [21SOTF.Z2.En_3PAR], [21SOTF.Z3.En_3PAR] and
[21SOTF.Z4.En_3PAR] are set as “0” or “1” respectively when 3-pole auto-reclosing.
Zone 2 of distance element for SOTF with PSBR logic will operate to trip three-phase circuit
breaker when 1-pole or 3-pole auto-reclosing if both the logic setting [21SOTF.Z2.En_3PAR] and
[21SOTF.Z3.En_3PAR] are set as “0”.
For single-phase permanent fault, distance SOTF protection for 1-pole reclosing onto the faulty
phase will trip three-phase circuit breaker.
Under pole discrepancy condition after single-phase tripping, distance SOTF protection will
accelerate to operate if another fault happens to the healthy phase.
SOTF protection is automatically enabled after circuit breaker opened for 50 ms and automatically
disabled after circuit breaker closed for 400ms.
3.5.9.4 Settings
The last four digital bits of the 12 have been assigned for pilot scheme protection. The
communication channel can be configured as single channel mode or as dual channels mode.
(FOx, x can be 1 or 2) according to the optical pilot channel module selected.
The modules can communicate in two modes via multiplexer or dedicated optical fibre.
Communication through dedicated fibre is usually recommended unless the received power does
Channel of 64 kbit/s or 2048kbit/s via dedicated fibre is shown in Figure 3.6-1 and Figure 3.6-2.
Two fibre cores of optical cable are dedicated to pilot scheme protection.
Two fibre cores of optical cable are normally in service, and all data are exchanged via the other
healthy core if one core is failed.
TX RX
PCS-902 PCS-902
RX TX
ST connectors ST connectors
TX RX
PCS-902 PCS-902
RX TX
FC connectors FC connectors
Figure 3.6-2 Direct optical link up to 40km with 1310nm or up to 100km with 1550nm
Channel of 64 kbit/s or 2048kbit/s via multiplexer is shown in Figure 3.6-3, Figure 3.6-4 and Figure
3.6-5.
C37.94 (n*64kbit/s)
Communication convertor
Multi-mode FO
E Interface
TX RX Link to
PCS-902 communicate
RX TX device
O
ST connectors ST connectors
G.703 (64kbit/s)
MUX-64
Single-mode FO
E Interface
TX RX Link to
PCS-902 communicate
RX TX device
O
FC connectors FC connectors
G.703-E1 (2048kbit/s)
MUX-2M
Single-mode FO
E Interface
TX RX Link to
PCS-902 communicate
RX TX device
O
FC connectors FC connectors
Valid messages exchange is key factor for digital pilot scheme protection.
The device transmits and receives messages based on respective clocks, which are called
transmit clock (i.e. clock TX) and receive clock (i.e. clock RX) respectively. Clock RX is fixed to be
extracted from message frame, which can ensure no slip frame and no error message received.
Clock TX has two options:
1. Use internal crystal clock, which is called internal clock. (master clock)
Depend on the clock used by the device at both ends, there are three modes.
1. Master-master mode
2. Slave-slave mode
3. Master-slave mode
One of them uses internal clock, the other uses external clock
The logic setting [FOx.En_IntClock] is used in pilot scheme protection to select the communication
clock. The internal clock is enabled automatically when the logic setting [FOx.En_IntClock] is set
as “1”. Contrarily, the external clock is enabled automatically when the logic setting
[FOx.En_IntClock] is set to “0”.
If the device uses multiplex PCM channel, logic setting [FOx.En_IntClock] at both ends should be
set as “0” (Mode 2). If the device uses dedicated optical fibre channel, clock Mode 1 and Mode 3
can be used. Mode 1 is recommended in considering simplification to user, i.e. logic setting
[FOx.En_IntClock] at both ends should be set as “1”.
In order to ensure reliability of the device when digital communication channel is applied, settings
[FOx.LocID] and [FOx.RmtID] are provided as identity code to distinguish uniquely the device at
remote end using same channel.
Under normal conditions, the identity code of the device at local end should be different with that at
remote end. In addition, it is recommended that the identity code of all devices, i.e., the setting
[FOx.LocID], should be unique in the power grid. The setting range is from 0 to 65535. Only for
loop test, they are set as the same.
The setting [FOx.LocID] of the device at an end should be the same as the setting [FOx.RmtID] of
the device at opposite end and the greater [FOx.LocID] between the two ends is chosen as a
master end for sampling synchronism, the smaller [FOx.LocID] is slave end. If the setting
[FOx.LocID] is set the same as [FOx.RmtID], that implies the device in loopback testing state.
The setting [FOx.LocID] is packaged in the message frame and transmitted to the remote end.
When the [FOx.LocID] of the device at remote end is received by local device is same to the
setting [FOx.RmtID] of local device, the message received from the remote end is valid, and
protection information involved in message is read. When these settings are not matched, the
message is considered as invalid and protection information involved in message is ignored,
corresponding alarms will be issued.
The device has the function of on-line channel monitoring and channel statistics. It can produce
channel statistic report automatically at 9:00 every day and the report can be printed for operator
to check the channel quality. The monitoring contents of channel status are shown as follows, and
they can be viewed by the menu “Main Menu→Test→Prot Ch Count→Chx Counter”.
It shows the starting time of the channel status statistics of the device at local end.
It shows the calculated communication channel time delay of the device at local end now (unit: us).
The calculation is based on the assumption of same channel path for to and from remote end. The
device measures propagation delay of communication channel based on the below principle.
Side S transmits a frame of message to side M, and meanwhile records the transmitting time “tss”
on the basis of clock on side S. When side M receives the message, it will record receiving time
“tmr” of the message with its own clock, and return a frame of message to side S at next fixed
transmitting time, meanwhile data of “tms-tmr” is included in the frame of message. Side S will
receive the message from side M at the time “tsr” and obtain the data of “tms-tmr”.
Therefore, the propagation delay of the channel “Td” is obtained through calculation:
(t sr − t ss ) − (t ms − t mr )
Td =
2
By using the above calculated “Td”, the device automatically compensate time synchronization of
sampling data at each end and transimission time lag.
T1
6. FOx.Alm_CRC (rate of error code of channel x is larger than 40 error codes per second)
It shows the total number of the error frames of the device at local end from starting time of
channel statistics until now. Error frame means that this frame fails in CRC check.
It shows the total number of abnormal messages of the device at local end from starting time of
channel statistics until now.
It shows the total number of the lost frames of the device at local end from starting time of channel
statistics until now.
10. FOx.N_RmtAbnor (total number of abnormal messages from the remote end of channel x)
It shows the total number of abnormal messages received from the remote end from starting time
of channel statistics until now.
It shows the total number of serious error frame seconds of the device at local end from starting
time of the channel statistics until now.
It shows the total number of desynchronizing of the device at local end from starting time of
channel statistics until now.
FOx
FOx.Send1 FOx.Recv1
FOx.Send2 FOx.Recv2
FOx.Send3 FOx.Recv3
FOx.Send4 FOx.Recv4
FOx.Send5 FOx.Recv5
FOx.Send6 FOx.Recv6
FOx.Send7 FOx.Recv7
FOx.Send8 FOx.Recv8
FOx.Alm_CH
FOx.Alm_ID
3.6.5 Logic
SIG FOx.Alm_ID
Where:
n can be 1~12
3.6.6 Settings
Table 3.6-2 Settings of pilot channel
Pilot distance protection with permissive scheme receives permissive signal from the remote end,
so as to combine with local discrimination condition to accelerate tripping, so it has high security.
Blocking scheme will operate with a short time delay [85.t_DPU_Blocking1] if forward pilot zone
element operates and not receiving blocking signal before the short time delay expired.
Pilot distance protection can be enabled or disabled by input signals, logic setting and blocking
SIG 85.Z.En1
&
SIG 85.Z.En2
EN [85.Z.En]
&
Enable 85.Z
SIG 85.Z.Blk
Pilot distance protection receives and sends signals via pilot channel, and the logic of receiving
signal is shown in Figure 3.7-2.
EN [85.POTT]
When pilot scheme protection is out of service due to pilot channel failure or no pilot scheme
protection is provided. The fault outside zone 1 only can be cleared by zone 2 with a time delay. It
can not ensure that all faults within protected line are cleared instantaneously. As a supplement of
pilot scheme protection, zone extension can clear the fault within the whole line instantaneously.
Different with pilot distance protection, zone extension can also operate for external close up fault
in parallel line, but power supply can be restored by AR. So zone extension should be blocked
when AR is out of service and is not ready.
In order to prevent too many lines from disconnecting with system due to zone extension operate
when the circuit breaker is closed into permanent fault, zone extension should be blocked when
AR operates. For temporary fault, the line can be into service again after AR operates successfully.
For permanent fault in either local line or parallel line, distance protection with a time delay will
operate.
SIG 85.ZX.En1
&
SIG 85.ZX.En2
EN 85.ZX.En
SIG Zpilot
Zone extension uses the setting of pilot zone (ZPilot), and its operation characteristic can be Mho
or Quad.
Distance elements zone 1 (Z1) with underreaching setting and pilot zone (ZPilot) with
overreaching setting are used for this scheme. Z1 element will send permissive signal to the
remote end and release tripping after Z1 time delay expired. After receiving permissive signal with
ZPilot element pickup, a tripping signal will be released.
The signal transmission element for PUTT is set according to underreaching mode, so current
reversal need not be considered.
For PUTT, there may be a dead zone under weak power source condition. If the fault occurs
outside Z1 zone at strong power source side, Z1 at weak power supply side may not operate to trip
and transmit permissive signal, and pilot distance protection will not operate. Therefore, the
system fault can only be removed by Z2 at strong power source side with time delay.
ZPilot
Z2
Z1
M
EM A Fault B EN
Z1 N
Z2
ZPilot
Relay A Relay B
Z1 Z1
& &
ZPilot >=1 85.Op_Z 85.Op_Z & ZPilot
WI WI
Pilot distance protection always adopts pilot channel 1, and the logic of PUTT is shown in Figure
3.7-5.
SIG Valid_Recv1
SIG WI
Pilot zone (ZPilot) distance element with an overreaching setting as zone 2 distance element is
used for POTT scheme if selected. ZPilot will send permissive signal to remote end once it picks
up and release tripping signal upon receiving permissive signal from the remote end.
When POTT is applied on parallel lines arrangement and the ZPilot setting covers 50% of the
parallel line, there may be a problem under current reversal condition, settings for current reversal
condition should be considered, please refer to section 3.7.2.6 for details.
Under weak power source condition, the problem of dead zone at weak power source end is
eliminated by the weak infeed logic, please refers to section 3.7.2.7 for details.
ZPilot
Z2
Zpilot_Rev
M
EM A Fault B EN
N
Zpilot_Rev Z2
ZPilot
Relay A Relay B
& &
ZPilot >=1 85.Op_Z 85.Op_Z >=1 ZPilot
WI WI
SIG Zpilot
& >=1
SIG CB open position &
200ms 0ms
SIG Valid_Recv1 &
Send1
SIG WI &
& 85.Op_Z
SIG FD.Pkp 8ms 0ms
SET [85.POTT]
Where:
3.7.2.4 Blocking
Permissive scheme has high security, but it relies on pilot channel seriously. Pilot distance
protection will not operate when there is an internal fault with abnormal channel. Blocking scheme
could be considered as an alternative.
Blocking scheme takes use of pilot distance element Zpilot operation to terminate sending of
blocking signal. Blocking signal will be sent once fault detector picks up without pilot zone Zpilot
operation. Pilot distance protection will operate with a short time delay if pilot distance element
operates and not receiving blocking signal after timer expired.
The setting of pilot zone element Zpilot in Blocking scheme is overreaching, so current reversal
condition should be considered. However, the short time delay of pilot distance protection has an
enough margin for current reversal, that this problem has been resolved.
The short time delay must consider channel delay and with a certain margin to set. As shown in
Figure 3.7-8, an external fault happens to line MN. The fault is behind the device at M side, for
blocking scheme, the device at M side will send blocking signal to the device at N side. If channel
delay is too long, the device at side N has operated before receiving blocking signal. Hence, the
time delay of pilot distance protection adopted in blocking scheme should be set according to
channel delay.
Blocking signal
M N
EM Fault A B EN
For blocking scheme, pilot distance protection will operate when there is an internal fault with
abnormal channel, however, it is possible that pilot distance protection issue an undesired trip
when there is an external fault with abnormal channel.
ZPilot
Zpilot_Rev
M
EM A Fault B EN
N
Zpilot_Rev
ZPilot
Relay A Relay B
FD.Pkp & & FD.Pkp
SIG Zpilot
& >=1
SIG CB open position &
200ms 0ms
SIG Valid_Recv1
&
Send1
&
SIG FWD_ZPilot >=1
SIG WI
&
SIG FD.Pkp [85.t_DPU_Blocking1] 85.Op_Z
Current reversal logic is only used for permissive scheme. For blocking scheme, the time delay of
pilot distance protection has enough margin for current reversal, so current reversal need not be
considered.
3.7.2.5 Unblocking
Permissive scheme will trip only when it receives permissive signal from the remote end. However,
it may not receive permissive signal from the remote end when pilot channel fails. For this case,
pilot distance protection can adopt unblocking scheme. Under normal conditions, the signaling
equipment works in the pilot frequency, and when the device operates to send permissive signal,
the signaling equipment will be switched to high frequency. While pilot channel is blocked, the
signaling equipment will receive neither pilot frequency signal nor high frequency signal. The
signaling equipment will provide a contact to the device as unblocking signal. When the device
receives unblocking signal from the signaling equipment, it will recognize channel failure, and
unblocking signal will be taken as permissive signal temporarily.
The unblocking function can only be used together with PUTT and POTT.
[85.t_Unblocking1] 0ms
EN [85.Opt_PilotCh1]
&
Unblocking1 Valid
SIG Pilot distance forward element
When there is a fault in one of the parallel lines, the direction of the fault current may change
during the sequence tripping of the circuit breaker at both ends as shown in Figure 3.7-12: When a
fault occurs on line C–D near breaker D, the fault current through line A-B to D will flow from A to B.
When breaker D is tripped, but breaker C is not tripped, the fault current in line A-B will then flow
from B to A. This process is the current reversal.
M N M N
Strong Weak
A B A B
source source
EM EN EM EN
C D C D
As shown above, the device A judges a forward fault while the device B judges a reverse fault
before break D is tripped. However, the device A judges a reverse fault while the device B judges a
forward fault after breaker D is tripped. There is a competition between pickup and drop off of pilot
zones in the device A and the device B when the fault measured by the device A changes from
forward direction into reverse direction and vice versa for the device B. There may be
maloperation for the device in line A-B if the forward direction of the device B has operated but the
forward direction of the device A drops off slightly slower or the forward direction of the device B
has operated but the forward direction information of the device A is still received due to the
channel delay (the permissive signal is received).
In general, the following two methods shall be adopted to solve the problem of current reversal:
1. The fault shall be measured by means of the reverse element of the device B. Once the
reverse element of the device B operates, the send signals and the tripping circuit will be
blocked for a period of time after a short time delay. This method can effectively solve the
problem of competition between the device A and the device B, but there shall be a
precondition. The reverse element of the device B must be in cooperation with the forward
element of the device A, i.e. in case of a fault in adjacent lines, if the forward element of the
device A operates, and the reverse element of the device B must also operate. Once the
bilateral cooperation fails, the anticipated function cannot be achieved. In addition, the
blocking time for sending signals and the tripping circuit after the reverse element of the
device B operates shall be set in combination with the channel time delay.
2. Considering the pickup and drop off time difference of distance elements and the channel time
delay between the device A and the device B, the maloperation due to current reversal shall
be eliminated by setting the time delay. The reverse direction element of the device is not
required for this method, the channel time delay and the tripping time of adjacent breaker
shall be taken into account comprehensively.
This protection device adopts the second method to eliminate the maloperation due to current
reversal.
t1: [85.t_DPU_CR1]
t2: [85.t_DDO_CR1]
Referring to above figure, when signal from the remote end is received without pilot forward zone
pickup, the current reversal blocking logic is enabled after t1 delay.
The time delay of t1 [85.t_DPU_CR1] shall be set the shortest possible but allowing sufficient time
for pilot forward zone pickup, generally set as 25ms.
Once the current reversal logic is enabled, the healthy line device B transfer tripping is blocked.
The logic will be disabled by either the dropoff of signal or the pickup of pilot forward zone. A time
delay t2 [85.t_DDO_CR1] is required to avoid maloperation for the case that the pilot forward zone
(or forward element of pilot directional earth-fault protection) of device B picks up before the signal
from device A drops off. Considering the channel propagation delay and the pickup and drop-off
time difference of pilot forward zone (or pilot directional earth-fault element) with margin, t2 is
generally set between 25ms ~ 40ms.
Because the time delay of pilot distance protection has an enough margin to current reversal,
current reversal blocking only used for permissive scheme not blocking scheme.
In case of a fault in line at one end of which there is a weak power source, the fault current
supplied to the fault point from the weak power source is very small or even nil, and the
conventional distance element could not operate. The weak infeed logic combines the protection
information from the strong power source end and the electric feature of the local end to cope with
the case.
ZPilot
Z1 Zpilot_Rev
M
EM A Fault B EN
Z1 N
Zpilot_Rev
ZPilot
Load
The device has options for weak infeed echo only or weak infeed echo with weak infeed tripping.
The weak infeed logic can be applied together with unblocking logic for PUTT and POTT.
When the weak infeed logic is enabled, distance forward and reverse element and direction
element of directional earth-fault protection do not operate with the voltage lower than the setting
[85.U_UV_WI] after the device picks up, upon receiving signal from remote end, the weak infeed
logic will echo the signal back to remote end for 200ms if the weak infeed echo is enabled, the
weak infeed end will echo signal and release tripping according to the logic.
ZPilot_Rev at weak source end must coordinate with ZPilot_Set of the remote end. The coverage
of ZPilot_Rev must exceed that of ZPilot_Set of the remote end. ZPilot_Rev only activates in the
protection calculation when the weak infeed logic is enabled. In case of the weak infeed logic not
enabled, the setting coordination is not required.
If the device does not pick up, and the weak infeed logic is enabled, upon receiving signal from
remote end with the voltage lower than the setting [85.U_UV_WI], the weak infeed logic will echo
back to remote end for 200ms. When either weak infeed echo or weak infeed tripping is enabled,
then the weak infeed logic is deemed to be enabled. During the device picking up, the weak infeed
logic is shown in Figure 3.7-15.
SIG Valid_Recv1
EN [85.En_WI]
SET Upp<[85.U_UV_WI]
If the device does not pick up, the weak infeed logic is shown as the following figure:
For permissive scheme, the signal receive condition means that the permissive signal is received
or the unblocking signal is valid.
3.7.2.8 CB Echo
A feature is also provided which enables fast tripping to be maintained along the whole length of
the protected line, even when one terminal is open. The device will initiate sending a pulse of
200ms permissive signal when signal receive condition is met during CB is in open position.
EN 85.POTT
CB Echo logic is only applied to permissive overreach mode not underreach mode, and it is
processed without the device pickup. This logic will be terminated immediately once the device
picks up.
85
85.Z.En1 85.Op_Z
85.Z.En2 85.Send1
85.Z.Blk 85.SendB
85.Abnor_Ch1 85.SendC
85.Rcv1 85.Op_ZX
85.RcvB
85.RcvC
85.ExTrp
85.Unblocking1
85.ZX.En1
85.ZX.En2
85.ZX.Blk1
85.ZX.Blk2
79.Ready
3.7.5 Settings
Table 3.7-2 Settings of pilot distance protection
Pilot protection requires communication channel to exchange the protection information at both
ends. The channel may be dedicated or multiplexed channel through optical fiber or any other
communication media.
Pilot directional earth-fault protection can be used independently, for example, no distance
protection is equipped with the device but fast operation is required for the whole line, or it is used
as backup protection of pilot distance protection to enhance the sensitivity for an earth fault with
high fault resistance.
Pilot directional earth-fault protection can be enabled or disabled by input signals, logic setting and
blocking signal, as shown in Figure 3.8-1.
SIG 85.DEF.En1
&
SIG 85.DEF.En2
EN [85.DEF.En]
&
Enable 85.DEF
SIG 85.DEF.Blk
Pilot directional earth-fault protection comprises permissive scheme and blocking scheme. It can
share pilot channel 1 ([85.DEF.En_IndepCh]=0) with pilot distance protection, or uses independent
pilot channel 2 ([85.DEF.En_IndepCh]=1) by setting logic setting [85.DEF.En_IndepCh]. For
underreach mode, pilot directional earth-fault always adopts independent pilot channel 2. The
logic of receiving signal is shown in Figure 3.8-2.
&
SIG 85.Abnor_Ch1
SIG 85.Abnor_Ch2
Pilot protection with permissive scheme receives permissive signal from the device of remote end,
so as to combine with local discrimination condition to accelerate tripping, so it has high security.
Operation of forward directional earth fault element is used to send permissive signal to the
remote end when the protection is enabled and will release tripping signal upon receiving
permissive signal from the remote end with further guarded by no operation of reverse directional
earth fault element. This ensures the security of the protection.
FWD_DEF_Pilot
Rev_DEF_Pilot
M
EM A Fault B EN
N
Rev_DEF_Pilot
FWD_DEF_Pilot
Relay A
FWD_DEF_Pilot & &
85.DEF.t_DPU 85.Op_DEF 85.Op_DEF 85.DEF.t_DPU
FWD_DEF_Pilot
Relay B
For blocking scheme, pilot directional earth-fault protection will operate when there is an internal
fault with abnormal channel, however, it is possible that pilot directional earth-fault protection issue
an undesired trip when there is an external fault with abnormal channel.
& >=1
SIG CB open position &
200ms 0ms
SIG Valid_Recv_DEF
&
SIG FD.Pkp 85.Send_DEF
SIG REV_DEF_Pilot
&
&
SIG Valid_Recv_DEF t1 t2
&
SIG FD.Pkp
SET 85.POTT
&
&
EN 85.DEF.En_IndepCh
When sharing pilot channel 1 with pilot distance protection, t1 and t2 are the settings
[85.t_DPU_CR1] and [85.t_DDO_CR1] respectively.
3.8.2.2 Blocking
Permissive scheme has high security, but it relies on pilot channel seriously. Pilot directional
earth-fault protection will not operate when there is an internal fault with abnormal channel.
Blocking scheme could be considered as an alternative.
Blocking scheme sends blocking signal when fault detector picks up if and zero-sequence forward
element does not operate or both zero-sequence forward element and zero-sequence reverse
element do not operate. Pilot directional earth-fault protection will operate if forward directional
zero-sequence overcurrent element operates and not receiving blocking signal.
FWD_DEF_Pilot
Rev_DEF_Pilot
M
EM A Fault B EN
N
Rev_DEF_Pilot
FWD_DEF_Pilot
Relay B
Relay A
Pkp_FD_Prot Pkp_FD_Prot
& &
REV_DEF_Pilot & & REV_DEF_Pilot
FWD_DEF_Pilot FWD_DEF_Pilot
& &
& 85.Op_DEF 85.Op_DEF &
[t_DEF_PilotP] [t_DEF_PilotP]
SIG REV_DEF_Pilot
&
SIG FD.Pkp [85.DEF.t_DPU] 85.Op_DEF
When DEF shares pilot channel 1 with pilot distance protection, time delay of pilot directional
earth-fault protection will change from the setting [85.DEF.t_DPU] to the setting
[85.t_DPU_Blocking1].
Because the time delay of pilot directional earth-fault protection has enough margin for current
reversal, so blocking scheme should not consider the current reversal condition.
3.8.2.3 Unblocking
Permissive scheme will operate only when it receives permissive signal from the remote end.
However, it may not receive permissive signal from the remote end when pilot channel fails. For
this case, pilot directional earth-fault protection can adopt unblocking scheme. Under normal
conditions, the signaling equipment works in the pilot frequency, and when the device operates to
send permissive signal, the signaling equipment will be switched to high frequency. While the
channel is blocked, the signaling equipment will receive neither pilot frequency signal nor high
frequency signal. The signaling equipment will provide a contact to the device as unblocking signal.
When the device receives unblocking signal from the signaling equipment, it will recognize
channel failure, and unblocking signal will be taken as permissive signal temporarily.
The unblocking scheme can only be used together with permissive scheme.
EN [85.En_Unblocking2] &
BI 85.Unblocking2 &
[85.t_Unblocking2] 0ms
EN [85.Opt_PilotCh2]
&
Unblocking2 Valid
SIG Pilot DEF forward detection
The reach of directional earth-fault protection is difficult to define. There may have problem for
pilot direction earth-fault protection applied on parallel line arrangement due to current reversal
phenomenon. Current reversal blocking logic using time delay method is adopted in the device. It
is the same logic as pilot distance protection. Please refer to section 3.7.2.6 for details. The only
difference is that different signal receive terminal is used if independent channel is selected.
3.8.2.5 CB Echo
It is the same logic as pilot distance protection. Please refer to section 3.7.2.8 for details. The only
difference is that different signal receive terminal is used if independent channel is selected.
85
85.DEF.En1 85.Op_DEF
85.DEF.En2 85.DEF_BlkAR
85.DEF.Blk 85.Send1
85.Abnor_Ch1 85.Send2
85.Abnor_Ch2
85.Rcv1
85.Rcv2
85.ExTrp
85.Unblocking1
85.Unblocking2
3.8.5 Settings
Table 3.8-2 Settings of pilot directional earth-fault protection
L M N
EM C D A B EN
Fault
When line LM has an earth fault, the fault currents flowing through the relay A and the relay D are
of similar magnitude in most cases. It is desirable that the fault is isolated from the power system
by tripping the circuit breaker C and circuit breaker D. Hence, the overcurrent protection of relay A
and relay D require to associate with current direction to fulfill selective tripping.
Directional earth fault protection has a time delay due to coordinate with that of downstream so it
cannot clear the fault quickly. Pilot directional earth-fault protection, which is fulfilled by directional
earth fault element on both ends, it can maintain fast operation and achieve high sensitivity to
detect high resistance fault.
The direction of phase current and phase-to-phase current equips with an under-voltage direction
function to ensure that phase or phase-to-phase overcurrent protection has explicit directionality
when the polarized voltage is too low for close up fault.
The direction of zero-sequence current and negative-sequence current direction equips with an
impedance compensation function to ensure that zero-sequence or negative-sequence
overcurrent protection has explicit directionality when the zero-sequence voltage or the
negative-sequence voltage is too low.
By setting the characteristic angle [RCA_OC] to determine the most sensitive forward angle of
phase current and phase-to-phase current, power value is calculated using phase current with
phase polarized voltage or phase-to-phase current with phase-to-phase polarized voltage to
determine the direction of phase current or phase-to-phase current respectively in forward
direction or reverse direction. When the power value is zero, neither forward direction nor reverse
direction is considered. As shown below:
jX
U
φ
θ I
R
O
Forward direction
Reverse direction
Where:
P=U×[I×COS(θ-φ)]
From above diagram can be seen, when θ=φ, P reaches to the maximum value. It is considered
as the most sensitive forward direction. Hence, φ is called as sensitivity angle of phase
overcurrent protection.
In the event of asymmetrical fault, because phase or phase-to-phase voltage may decrease to
very low voltage whereas positive-sequence voltage does not, the polarized voltage of phase or
phase-to-phase current direction uses positive-sequence voltage to avoid wrong direction due to
too low polarized voltage. Therefore, using positive-sequence voltage as polarized voltage can
ensure that the direction determination has no dead zone for asymmetrical fault. For symmetric
fault, if positive-sequence voltage decreases to 15%Un, the device uses memorized
positive-sequence voltage as polarized voltage, the memorized positive-sequence voltage is 1.5
cycles pre-fault positive-sequence voltage.
When using normal polarized voltage to calculate phase and phase-to-phase current direction,
there are total twelve direction determination algorithm including forward direction and reverse
direction.
When the symmetrical fault occurs on a power system, positive-sequence voltage may reduce to
less than 0.15Un, the device will switch to phase or phase-to-phase current direction for
under-voltage condition. The 1.5 cycle pre-fault positive-sequence voltage is used as polarized
voltage with reverse threshold to ensure stable direction decision when three-phase voltage goes
to approximately zero due to close up fault.
At first, the threshold is forward offset before direction is determined, and the threshold will be
reversed offset after direction is determined.
By setting the characteristic angle [RCA_ROC] and [RCA_NegOC] to determine the most
sensitive forward angle of zero-sequence current and negative-sequence current, power value is
calculated using zero-sequence current with zero-sequence voltage or negative-sequence current
with negative-sequence voltage to determine the direction of zero-sequence current and
negative-sequence current respectively in forward direction or reverse direction.
When the power value is between 0 and -0.1In, neither forward direction nor reverse direction is
considered.
jX 3U0
θ-180°
-3I0
φ
R
O
3I0
θ Reverse direction
Forward direction
Where:
current
P=U×[I×COS(θ-φ)]
Calculating the power value using zero-sequence current (3I0) and zero-sequence voltage (3U0)
to determine the direction of zero-sequence current
The zero-sequence current and the zero-sequence voltage can be gained by calculation
Calculating the power value using negative-sequence current (3I2) and negative-sequence
voltage (3U2) to determine the direction of negative-sequence current
The negative-sequence current and the negative-sequence voltage can be gained by calculation
is the setting [Z0_Comp], which cannot exceed the total zero-sequence impedance of
is the setting [Z2_Comp], which cannot exceed the total negative-sequence impedance
3.9.4 Settings
Table 3.9-3 Settings of current direction
overcurrent protection operates monitoring fault current is then adopted to avoid further damage to
protected equipment. Directional element can be selected to improve the sensitivity and selectivity
of the protection. For application on feeder-transformer circuits, second harmonic can also be
selected to block phase overcurrent protection to avoid the effect of inrush current on the
protection.
1. Four-stage phase overcurrent protection with independent logic, current and time delay
settings.
3. Direction control element can be selected to control each stage phase overcurrent protection
with three options: no direction, forward direction and reverse direction.
4. Second harmonic can be selected to block each stage of phase overcurrent protection.
3.10.2.1 Overview
2. Direction control element: one direction control element shared by all overcurrent elements,
and each overcurrent element can individually select protection direction.
3. Harmonic blocking element: one harmonic blocking element shared by all overcurrent
elements and each phase overcurrent element can individually enable the output signal from
harmonic element as a blocking input.
Where:
When phase overcurrent protection is used to protect feeder transformer circuits harmonic
blocking function can be selected for each stage of phase overcurrent element by configuring logic
setting [50/51Px.En_Hm2] (x=1, 2, 3 or 4) to prevent maloperation due to inrush current.
When the percentage of second harmonic component to fundamental component of any phase
current is greater than the setting [50/51P.K_Hm2], harmonic blocking element operates to block
stage x overcurrent element if corresponding logic setting [50/51Px.En_Hm2] enabled.
Operation criterion:
Equation 3.10-2
Where:
If fundamental component of any phase current is lower than the minimum operating current
(0.1In), then harmonic calculation is not carried out and harmonic blocking element does not
operate.
Where:
α is a constant.
K is a constant.
C is a constant.
The user can select the operating characteristic from various inverse-time characteristic curves by
setting [50/51Px.Opt_Curve], and parameters of available characteristics for selection are shown
in the following table.
If all available curves do not comply with user application, user may set [50/51Px.Opt_Curve] as
“13” to customize the inverse-time curve characteristic with constants α, K and C. (only stage 1)
When inverse-time characteristic is selected, if calculated operating time is less than setting
[50/51Px.tmin], then the operating time of the protection changes to the value of setting
[50/51Px.tmin] automatically.
Define-time or inverse-time phase overcurrent protection drops off instantaneously after fault
current disappears.
50/51Px
50/51Px.En1 50/51Px.StA
50/51Px.En2 50/51Px.StB
50/51Px.Blk 50/51Px.StC
50/51Px.St
50/51Px.Op
or a logic link.
Stage x of phase overcurrent protection blocking input, such as a function
3 50/51Px.Blk
blocking binary input.
4 I3P Three-phase current input
5 U3P Three-phase voltage input
No. Output Signal Description
1 50/51Px.Op Stage 1 of phase overcurrent protection operates.
2 50/51Px.St Stage 1 of phase overcurrent protection starts.
3 50/51Px.StA Stage x of phase overcurrent protection starts (A-Phase).
4 50/51Px.StB Stage x of phase overcurrent protection starts (B-Phase).
5 50/51Px.StC Stage x of phase overcurrent protection starts (C-Phase).
3.10.5 Logic
SET Ic>[50/51Px.I_Set]
EN [50/51Px.En] &
& [50/51Px.StB]
SIG [50/51Px.En1]
SIG [50/51Px.En2]
>=1
& [50/51Px.St]
SIG [50/51Px.Blk]
SET [50/51Px.Opt_Dir]=0
SET [50/51Px.En_Hm2]
Where:
x=1, 2, 3, 4
3.10.6 Settings
Table 3.10-3 Settings of phase overcurrent protection
overcurrent elements
Current setting for stage 1 of phase
2 50/51P1.I_Set (0.050~30.000)×In 0.001 A
overcurrent protection
Time delay for stage 1 of phase
3 50/51P1.t_Op 0.000~20.000 0.001 s
overcurrent protection
Enabling/disabling stage 1 of phase
overcurrent protection
4 50/51P1.En 0 or 1
0: disable
1: enable
Enabling/Disabling auto-reclosing
blocked when stage 1 of phase
5 50/51P1.En_BlkAR 0 or 1 overcurrent protection operates
0: disable
1: enable
Direction option for stage 1 of phase
overcurrent protection
6 50/51P1.Opt_Dir 0, 1 or 2 0: no direction
1: forward direction
2: reverse direction
Enabling/disabling second harmonic
blocking for stage 1 of phase
7 50/51P1.En_Hm2 0 or 1 overcurrent protection
0: disable
1: enable
Option of characteristic curve for
8 50/51P1.Opt_Curve 0~13 1 stage 1 of phase overcurrent
protection
Time multiplier setting for stage 1 of
9 50/51P1.TMS 0.010~200.000 0.001 inverse-time phase overcurrent
protection
Minimum operating time for stage 1 of
10 50/51P1.tmin 0.000~20.000 0.001 s inverse-time phase overcurrent
protection
Constant “α” for stage 1 of
customized inverse-time
11 50/51P1.Alpha 0.010~5.000 0.001
characteristic phase overcurrent
protection
Constant “C” for stage 1 of
customized inverse-time
12 50/51P1.C 0.000~20.000 0.001
characteristic phase overcurrent
protection
Constant “K” for stage 1 of
13 50/51P1.K 0.050~20.000 0.001 customized inverse-time
characteristic phase overcurrent
protection
Current setting for stage 2 of phase
14 50/51P2.I_Set (0.050~30.000)×In 0.001 A
overcurrent protection
Time delay for stage 2 of phase
15 50/51P2.t_Op 0.000~20.000 0.001 s
overcurrent protection
Enabling/disabling stage 2 of phase
overcurrent protection
16 50/51P2.En 0 or 1
0: disable
1: enable
Enabling/Disabling auto-reclosing
blocked when stage 2 of phase
17 50/51P2.En_BlkAR 0 or 1 overcurrent protection operates
0: disable
1: enable
Direction option for stage 2 of phase
overcurrent protection
18 50/51P2.Opt_Dir 0, 1 or 2 0: no direction
1: forward direction
2: reverse direction
Enabling/disabling second harmonic
blocking for stage 2 of phase
19 50/51P2.En_Hm2 0 or 1 overcurrent protection
0: disable
1: enable
Option of characteristic curve for
20 50/51P2.Opt_Curve 0~12 stage 2 of phase overcurrent
protection
Time multiplier setting for stage 2 of
21 50/51P2.TMS 0.010~200.000 0.001 inverse-time phase overcurrent
protection.
Minimum operating time for stage 2 of
22 50/51P2.tmin 0.000~20.000 0.001 s inverse-time phase overcurrent
protection
Current setting for stage 3 of phase
23 50/51P3.I_Set (0.050~30.000)×In 0.001 A
overcurrent protection
Time delay for stage 3 of phase
24 50/51P3.t_Op 0.000~20.000 0.001 s
overcurrent protection
Enabling/disabling stage 3 of phase
overcurrent protection
25 50/51P3.En 0 or 1
0: disable
1: enable
Enabling/Disabling auto-reclosing
26 50/51P3.En_BlkAR 0 or 1 blocked when stage 3 of phase
overcurrent protection operates
0: disable
1: enable
Direction option for stage 3 of phase
overcurrent protection
27 50/51P3.Opt_Dir 0, 1 or 2 0: no direction
1: forward direction
2: reverse direction
Enabling/disabling second harmonic
blocking for stage 3 of phase
28 50/51P3.En_Hm2 0 or 1 overcurrent protection
0: disable
1: enable
Option of characteristic curve for
29 50/51P3.Opt_Curve 0~12 stage 3 of phase overcurrent
protection
Time multiplier setting for stage 3 of
30 50/51P3.TMS 0.010~200.000 0.001 inverse-time phase overcurrent
protection.
Minimum operating time for stage 3 of
31 50/51P3.tmin 0.000~20.000 0.001 s inverse-time phase overcurrent
protection
Current setting for stage 4 of phase
32 50/51P4.I_Set (0.050~30.000)×In 0.001 A
overcurrent protection
Time delay for stage 4 of phase
33 50/51P4.t_Op 0.000~20.000 0.001 s
overcurrent protection
Enabling/disabling stage 4 of phase
overcurrent protection
34 50/51P4.En 0 or 1
0: disable
1: enable
Enabling/Disabling auto-reclosing
blocked when stage 4 of phase
35 50/51P4.En_BlkAR 0 or 1 overcurrent protection operates
0: disable
1: enable
Direction option for stage 4 of phase
overcurrent protection
36 50/51P4.Opt_Dir 0, 1 or 2 0: no direction
1: forward direction
2: reverse direction
Enabling/disabling second harmonic
blocking for stage 4 of phase
37 50/51P4.En_Hm2 0 or 1 overcurrent protection
0: disable
1: enable
In order to improve the selectivity of earth fault protection in power grid with multiple power
sources, directional element can be selected to control earth fault protection. For application on
line-transformer unit, second harmonic also can be selected to block earth fault protection to avoid
the effect of sympathetic current on the protection.
1. Four-stage earth fault protection with independent logic, current and time delay settings.
3. Directional element can be selected to control each stage of earth fault protection with three
options: no direction, forward direction and reverse direction.
4. Second harmonic can be selected to block each stage of earth fault protection.
3.11.2.1 Overview
1. Overcurrent element: each stage equipped with one independent overcurrent element.
2. Directional control element: one direction control element shared by all overcurrent elements,
and each overcurrent element can individually select protection direction.
3. Harmonic blocking element: one harmonic blocking element shared by all overcurrent
elements and each overcurrent element can individually enable the output signal of harmonic
blocking element as a blocking input.
The operation criterion for each stage of earth fault protection is:
Where:
In order to prevent effects of inrush current on earth fault protection, harmonic blocking function
can be selected for each stage of earth fault element by configuring logic setting
[50/51Gx.En_Hm2] (x=1, 2, 3 or 4).
Operation criterion:
Equation 3.11-2
Where:
If fundamental component of residual current is lower than the minimum operating current (0.1In)
then harmonic calculation is not carried out and harmonic blocking element does not operate.
All 4 stages earth fault protection can be selected as definite-time or inverse-time characteristic,
and inverse-time operating time curve is as follows.
Equation 3.11-3
Where:
K is a constant
C is a constant.
α is a constant.
The user can select the operating characteristic from various inverse-time characteristic curves by
setting [50/51Gx.Opt_Curve], and parameters of available characteristics for selection are shown
in the following table.
If all available curves do not comply with user application, user may set [50/51Gx.Opt_Curve] as
“13” to customize the inverse-time curve characteristic, and constants K, α and C with
configuration tool software. (only stage 1)
When inverse-time characteristic is selected, if calculated operating time is less than setting
[50/51Gx.tmin], then the operating time of the protection changes to the value of setting
[50/51Gx.tmin] automatically.
Define-time or inverse-time directional earth-fault protection drops off instantaneously after fault
current disappears.
50/51Gx
50/51Gx.En1 50/51Gx.St
50/51Gx.En2 50/51Gx.Op
50/51Gx.Blk
3.11.5 Logic
EN [50/51Gx.En]
SIG [50/51Gx.En1]
&
SIG [50/51Gx.En2]
SIG [50/51Gx.Blk]
SET 3I0>[50/51Gx.3I0_Set]
>=1 Timer
>=1 t
[50/51Gx.Op]
t
SET [50/51Gx.Opt_Dir]=0
EN [50/51Gx.En_CTS_Blk]
SET [50/51Gx.En_Hm2]
Where:
x=1, 2, 3, 4
Abnormal condition 1: when the system is under pole disagreement condition, for 1-pole AR, earth
fault protection will operate. If the logic setting [50/51Gx.En_Abnor_Blk] is set as “1”, the stage x of
earth fault protection will be blocked. If the logic setting [50/51Gx.En_Abnor_Blk] is set as “0”,
earth fault protection is not controlled by direction element.
Abnormal condition 2: When manually closing circuit breaker, three phases of the circuit breaker
maybe not operate simultaneously, and SOTF protection should operate. If the logic setting
[50/51Gx.En_Abnor_Blk] is set as “1”, the stage x of earth fault protection will be blocked. If the
logic setting [50/51Gx.En_Abnor_Blk] is set as “0”, earth fault protection is not controlled by
direction element.
Abnormal condition 3: VT circuit failure. If the logic setting [50/51Gx.En_Abnor_Blk] is set as “1”,
the stage x of earth fault protection will be blocked. If the logic setting [50/51Gx.En_Abnor_Blk] is
set as “0”, earth fault protection is not controlled by direction element.
3.11.6 Settings
Table 3.11-3 Settings of earth fault protection
protection
Minimum operating time for stage
12 50/51G1.tmin 0.050~20.000 0.001 s 1 of inverse-time earth fault
protection
Constant “α” for stage 1 of
customized inverse-time
13 50/51G1.Alpha 0.010~5.000 0.001
characteristic earth fault
protection
Constant “C” for stage 1 of
customized inverse-time
14 50/51G1.C 0.000~20.000 0.001
characteristic earth fault
protection
Constant “K” for stage 1 of
customized inverse-time
15 50/51G1.K 0.050~20.000 0.001
characteristic earth fault
protection
Current setting for stage 2 of
16 50/51G2.3I0_Set (0.050~30.000)×In 0.001 A
earth fault protection
Time delay for stage 2 of earth
17 50/51G2.t_Op 0.000~20.000 0.001 s
fault protection
Enabling/disabling stage 2 of
earth fault protection
18 50/51G2.En 0 or 1
0: disable
1: enable
Enabling/Disabling auto-reclosing
blocked when stage 2 of earth
19 50/51G2.En_BlkAR 0 or 1 fault protection operates
0: disable
1: enable
Direction option for stage 2 of
earth fault protection
20 50/51G2.Opt_Dir 0, 1 or 2 0: no direction
1: forward direction
2: reverse direction
Enabling/disabling second
harmonic blocking for stage 2 of
21 50/51G2.En_Hm2 0 or 1 earth fault protection
0: disable
1: enable
Enabling/disabling blocking for
stage 2 of earth fault protection
22 50/51G2.En_Abnor_Blk 0 or 1 under abnormal conditions
0: disable
1: enable
0: disable
1: enable
Option of characteristic curve for
35 50/51G3.Opt_Curve 0~12
stage 3 of earth fault protection
Time multiplier setting for stage 3
36 50/51G3.TMS 0.010~200.000 0.001 of inverse-time earth fault
protection
Minimum operating time for stage
37 50/51G3.tmin 0.050~20.000 0.001 s 3 of inverse-time earth fault
protection
Current setting for stage 4 of
38 50/51G4.3I0_Set (0.050~30.000)×In 0.001 A
earth fault protection
Time delay for stage 4 of earth
39 50/51G4.t_Op 0.000~20.000 0.001 s
fault protection
Enabling/disabling stage 4 of
earth fault protection
40 50/51G4.En 0, 1 or 2
0: disable
1: enable
Enabling/Disabling auto-reclosing
blocked when stage 4 of earth
41 50/51G4.En_BlkAR 0 or 1 fault protection operates
0: disable
1: enable
Direction option for stage 4 of
earth fault protection
42 50/51G4.Opt_Dir 0 or 1 0: no direction
1: forward direction
2: reverse direction
Enabling/disabling second
harmonic blocking for stage 4 of
43 50/51G4.En_Hm2 0 or 1 earth fault protection
0: disable
1: enable
Enabling/disabling blocking for
stage 4 of earth fault protection
44 50/51G4.En_Abnor_Blk 0 or 1 under abnormal conditions
0: disable
1: enable
Enabling/disabling blocking for
stage 4 of earth fault protection
45 50/51G4.En_CTS_Blk 0 or 1 under CT failure conditions
0: disable
1: enable
46 50/51G4.Opt_Curve 0~12 Option of characteristic curve for
51PVT/51GVT
51PVT.En1 51PVT.Op
51PVT.En2 51PVT.St
51PVT.Blk 51PVT.StA
51GVT.En1 51PVT.StB
51GVT.En2 51PVT.StC
51GVT.Blk 51GVT.Op
51GVT.St
3.12.4 Logic
&
51PVT.StA
SIG VTS.Alm &
&
EN [51PVT.En]
51PVT.StB
SET Ia>[51PVT.I_Set]
>=1
SET Ib>[51PVT.I_Set] & [51PVT.t_Op] 0ms 51PVT.Op
51PVT.St
SET Ic>[51PVT.I_Set] 51PVT.StC
3.12.5 Settings
Table 3.12-2 Settings of overcurrent protection for VT circuit failure
0: disable
1: enable
Residual current SOTF (switch onto fault) protection is a complementary function to earth fault
protection. With residual current SOTF protection, a fast trip is achieved for a fault on the line,
when the line is being energized. It shall be responsive to all types of earth faults anywhere within
the protected line, and it shall be enabled for a period of 400ms when the circuit is energized either
manually or via an auto-reclosing system.
Residual current SOTF protection will operate to trip three-phase circuit breaker with a time delay of
100ms when 3-pole auto-reclosing or closing manually.
50GSOTF
50GSOTF.En1 50GSOTF.Op
50GSOTF.En2 50GSOTF.St
50GSOTF.Blk
3.13.5 Logic
SIG 50GSOTF.En2
& &
60ms 0ms
SIG 50GSOTF.Blk
&
EN [50GSOTF.En_3I0] >=1
50GSOTF.St
SIG FD.ROC.Pkp
3.13.6 Settings
Table 3.13-2 Settings of residual current SOTF protection
Abnormal high voltages often occur e.g. in low loaded, long distance transmission lines, in
islanded systems when generator voltage regulation fails, or load rejection of a generator. Even if
compensation reactors are provided to avoid line overvoltage by compensation of the line
capacitance and thus reduction of the overvoltage, the overvoltage will endanger the insulation if
the reactors fail. The line must be de-energized within a very short time.
The overvoltage protection in this device detects the phase voltages Ua, Ub and Uc or the
phase-to-phase voltages Uab, Ubc and Uca with an option of any phase or all phases operation
for output. The overvoltage protection can be used for tripping purpose as well as to initiate
transfer trip, which selectable controlled by local circuit breaker.
1. Two-stage phase overvoltage protection with independent logic, voltage and time delay
settings.
characteristics.
4. “1-out-of-3” or “3-out-of-3” logic can be selected for protection criterion. (1-out-of-3 means any
1. Operation Criterion
Users can select phase voltage or phase-to-phase voltage for the protection calculation. If setting
[59Px.Opt_Up/Upp] is set to “0”, phase voltage criterion is selected and if [59Px.Opt_Up/Upp] is
set to “1”, phase-to-phase voltage criterion is selected.
When phase voltage or phase-to-phase voltage is greater than any enabled stage voltage setting,
the stage protection picks up and operates after delay, which will drop off instantaneously when
fault voltage disappears.
Two operation criteria of definite-time overvoltage protection are shown as follows, which of them
is applied depending on the logic setting [59Px.Opt_1P/3P].
or
Where:
When [59Px.Opt_1P/3P] is set as “0”, “1-out-of-3” logic (Equation 3.14-1) is selected as operation
criterion, and when set as “1”, “3-out-of-3” logic (Equation 3.14-2) is selected.
Two operation criteria of definite-time overvoltage protection are shown as follows, which of them
is applied depending on the logic setting [59Px.Opt_1P/3P].
or
When [59Px.Opt_1P/3P] is set as “0”, “1-out-of-3” logic (Equation 3.14-3) is selected as operation
criterion, and when set as “1”, “3-out-of-3” logic (Equation 3.14-4) is selected.
2. Characteristic Curve
Phase overvoltage protection stage 1 and stage 2 can be selected as definite-time or inverse-time
characteristic, and inverse-time operating time curve is as follows.
Where:
K is a constant.
C is a constant.
α is a constant.
For stage 1 and stage 2 of overvoltage protection, operating characteristic can be chosen from
definite-time characteristic and 12 inverse-time characteristics by setting the logic setting
[59Px.Opt_Curve] (x=1~12). The parameters of each characteristic are listed in the following table.
0 Definite time
When inverse-time characteristic is selected, if calculated operating time is less than setting
[59Px.tmin], then the operating time changes to the value of setting [59Px.tmin] automatically.
59Px
59Px.En1 59Px.St
59Px.St1
59Px.En2 59Px.St2
59Px.St3
59Px.Blk 59Px.Op
59Px.Alm
59Px.Op_InitTT
3.14.1.5 Logic
EN [59Px.En]
&
SIG 59Px.En1
Enable 59Px
SIG 59Px.En2
SIG 59Px.Blk
EN [59Px.En_Alm]
>=1
59Px.St
SIG Enable 59Px
[59Px.Opt_Up/Upp] Timer
EN & & t
>=1 t
&
SET UA>[59Px.U_Set] & &
>=1 59Px.Alm
&
&
59Px.St1
SET UCA>[59Px.U_Set]
EN [59Px.Opt_1P/3P]
BI [52b_PhA] 59Px.St2
&
BI [52b_PhB]
BI [52b_PhC]
59Px.St3
EN [59Px.En_52b_TT]
EN [59Px.En_TT]
Where:
x=1, 2
3.14.1.6 Settings
protection
0: disable
1: enable
Option of 1-out-of-3 mode or 3-out-of-3
mode
15 59P2.Opt_1P/3P 0 or 1
0: 3-out-of-3 mode
1: 1-out-of-3 mode
Option of phase-to-phase voltage or phase
voltage
16 59P2.Opt_Up/Upp 0 or 1
0: phase voltage
1: phase-to-phase voltage
Enabling/disabling stage 2 of overvoltage
protection for alarm purpose
17 59P2.En_Alm 0 or 1
0: disable
1: enable
Enabling/disabling transfer trip controlled
by CB open position for stage 2 of
18 59P2.En_52b_TT 0 or 1 overvoltage protection
0: disable
1: enable
Enabling/disabling stage 2 of overvoltage
protection operate to initiate transfer trip
19 59P2.En_TT 0 or 1
0: disable
1: enable
Option of characteristic curve for stage 2 of
20 59P2.Opt_Curve 0~12
overvoltage protection
Time multiplier setting for stage 2 of
21 59P2.Opt_TMS 0.010~200.000 0.001
inverse-time overvoltage protection
Minimum delay for stage 2 of inverse-time
22 59P2.tmin 0.050~20.000 0.001 s
overvoltage protection
The undervoltage protection can be applied to trip when fault occurs in a system. Two stages of
undervoltage protection are available measuring phase voltages U A , U B and U C or
phase-to-phase voltages U AB , U BC and U CA . The protection output can be selected for either any
phase or all phases operation. The undervoltage protection is normally used as decoupling system
rather than load shedding.
1. Two-stage phase undervoltage protection with independent logic, voltage and time delay
settings.
4. “1-out-of-3” or “3-out-of-3” logic can be selected for protection criterion. (1-out-of-3 means any
of three phase voltages, 3-out-of-3 means all three phase voltages)
1. Operation Criterion
Users can select phase voltage or phase-to-phase voltage for the protection calculation. If setting
[27Px.Opt_Up/Upp] is set to “0”, phase voltage criterion is selected and if [27Px.Opt_Up/Upp] is
set to “1”, phase-to-phase voltage criterion is selected.
When phase voltage or phase-to-phase voltage is less than any enabled stage voltage setting, the
stage protection picks up and operates after delay, which will drop off instantaneously when fault
voltage disappears.
Two operation criteria of definite-time undervoltage protection are shown as follows, which of them
is applied depending on the logic setting [27Px.Opt_1P/3P].
or
Where:
When [27Px.Opt_1P/3P] is set as “0”, “1-out-of-3” logic (Equation 3.14-5) is selected as operation
criterion, and when set as “1”, “3-out-of-3” logic (Equation 3.14-6) is selected.
Two operation criteria of definite-time undervoltage protection are shown as follows, which of them
is applied depending on the logic setting [27Px.Opt_Up/Upp].
or
Where:
When the setting [27Px.Opt_1P/3P] is set as “0”, “1-out-of-3” logic (Equation 3.14-7) is selected as
operation criterion, and when it is set as “1”, “3-out-of-3” logic (Equation 3.14-8) is selected.
2. Characteristic Curve
Where:
K is a constant.
C is a constant.
α is a constant.
For stage 1 and stage 2 of undervoltage protection, operating characteristic can be chosen from
definite-time characteristic and twelve inverse-time characteristics by setting the logic setting
[27Px.Opt_Curve] (x=1~12). The parameters of each characteristic are listed in the following table.
0 Definite time
When inverse-time characteristic is selected, if calculated operating time is less than setting
[27Px.tmin], then the operating time changes to the value of setting [27Px.tmin] automatically.
Define-time or inverse-time phase under voltage protection drops off instantaneously when
measured voltage is higher than reset voltage.
27Px
27Px.En1 27Px.Alm
27Px.Op
27Px.En2 27Px.St
27Px.St1
27Px.Blk
27Px.St2
27Px.St3
3.14.2.5 Logic
When FD element reflecting current operates, including DPFC current element and residual
current element, the undervoltage protection is released for operation.
When any of the following conditions is fulfilled, the undervoltage protection will be blocked.
1. VT signal fails;if the voltage comes from busbar VT, the voltage will restore to the normal
immediately after the fault being cleared away. However, if the voltage comes from line VT,
the voltage will drop to zero immediately after the fault is cleared. The undervoltage protection
will be continuously in operation, thus an auxiliary current criterion is provided to solve it.
(Input 1)
3. Binary input of blocking undervoltage is energized, such as normally closed contact of line
disconnector. (Input 3)
4. Any phase of circuit breaker is open (binary input of normal close contact of breaker is
energized) and the corresponding phase current is smaller than 0.06In. (Input 4)
SIG Input 4
EN [27Px.En]
&
SIG 27Px.En1
Enable 27Px
SIG 27Px.En2
SIG 27Px.Blk
EN [27Px.En_Alm]
&
&
SET UAB<[27Px.U_Set] 27Px.Op
SET UBC<[27Px.U_Set]
>=1 >=1
& & Timer &
t
>=1
t
SET UC<[27Px.U_Set]
27Px.St1
&
27Px.St2
SET UCA<[27Px.U_Set]
27Px.St3
SET [27P1.Opt_1P/3P]
Where:
x=1, 2
3.14.2.6 Settings
1: 1-out-of-3 mode
Option of voltage criterion adopting
phase-to-phase voltage or phase voltage
5 27P1.Opt_Up/Upp 0 or 1
0: phase voltage
1: phase-to-phase voltage
Enabling/disabling stage 1 of undervoltage
protection operate to alarm
6 27P1.En_Alm 0 or 1
0: disable
1: enable
Option of characteristic curve for stage 1
7 27P1.Opt_Curve 0~13 1
of undervoltage protection
Time multiplier setting for stage 1 of
8 27P1.Opt_TMS 0.010~200.000 0.001
inverse-time undervoltage protection
Minimum delay for stage 1 of inverse-time
9 27P1.tmin 0.050~20.000 0.001 s
undervoltage protection
Voltage setting for stage 2 of undervoltage
10 27P2.U_Set 0~Unn 0.001 V
protection
Time delay for stage 2 of undervoltage
11 27P2.t_Op 0.000~30.000 0.001 s
protection
Enabling/disabling stage 2 of undervoltage
protection
12 27P2.En 0 or 1
0: disable
1: enable
Option of 1-out-of-3 mode or 3-out-of-3
mode
13 27P2.Opt_1P/3P 0 or 1
0: 3-out-of-3 mode
1: 1-out-of-3 mode
Option of voltage criterion adopting
phase-to-phase voltage or phase voltage
14 27P2.Opt_Up/Upp 0 or 1
0: phase voltage
1: phase-to-phase voltage
Enabling/disabling stage 2 of undervoltage
protection operate to alarm
15 27P2.En_Alm 0 or 1
0: disable
1: enable
Option of characteristic curve for stage 2
16 27P2.Opt_Curve 0~12 1
of undervoltage protection
Time multiplier setting for stage 2 of
17 27P2.Opt_TMS 0.010~200.000 0.001
inverse-time undervoltage protection
Minimum delay for stage 2 of inverse-time
18 27P2.tmin 0.050~20.000 0.001 s
undervoltage protection
Underfrequency protection consists of the four stages (stage 1 to stage 4). When system
frequency is smaller than the setting [81U.f_Pkp], underfrequency protection will put into service.
If the positive voltage U<0.15Un, the calculation of protection is not carried out and the output
relay will be blocked.
If -df/dt≥[81U.df/dt_Blk], the calculation of protection is not carried out and the output relay will
be blocked. The blocking element will not be released automatically until the system frequency
recovers to be less than the setting [81U.f_Pkp].
Where:
f is system frequency.
Where:
df / dt is the frequency slip speed and the time step (i.e. dt ) for the calucation is equal to 5
cycle.
Underfrequency protection can be blocked by the frequency slip speed (df/dt). If the logic setting
[81U.UFx.En_df/dt_Blk] (x=1, 2, 3 or 4) is set as “1”, when Equation 3.15-1 and Equation 3.15-2
are met, it is decided that a fault occurred and the corresponding stage underfrequency protection
is blocked at the same time for the purpose of waiting for operation of other related protection. The
blocking signal will not reset until the system frequency recovers, i.e. the system frequency is
greater than the setting [81U.f_Pkp]. If the logic setting is set as “0”, when Equation 3.15-1 and
Equation 3.15-2 are met, the stage underfrequency protection will be released to operate.
Overfrequency protection consists of the four stages (stage 1 to stage 4). When system frequency
is greater than the setting [81O.f_Pkp], overfrequency protection will put into service.
If the positive voltage U<0.15Un, the calculation of protection is not carried out and the output
relay will be blocked.
Where:
f is system frequency.
81U.UFx 81O.OFx
81U.Blk 81O.Blk
3.15.5 Logic
OTH U1<0.15Un ≥1
Flg_Blk81U
SIG f< 40 or f> 65
EN 81U.UF1.En_df/dt_Blk
>=1
EN 81U.UF2.En_df/dt_Blk
>=1
EN 81U.UF3.En_df/dt_Blk
>=1
EN 81U.UF4.En_df/dt_Blk
& [81U.St]
SIG Flg_Blk81U
EN [81U.UF1.En]
&
SET f<[81U.UF2.f_Set] [81U.UF2.t_Op] 0ms
[81U.UF2.Op]
EN [81U.UF2.En]
Where:
For underfrequency protection, when following three conditions are met the protection is enabled.
When the protective function block is disabled, [81U.St] and [81U.UFx.Op] signals are both reset.
Default values of Inputs [81U.En1] and [81U.En2] are “1” and [81U.Blk] is “0” when those inputs
are not connected to external signals or setting.
OTH U1<0.15Un ≥1
Flg_Blk81O
SIG f< 40 or f> 65
EN [81O.OF1.En]
&
[81O.OF2.t_Op] 0ms
SET f>[81O.OF2.f_Set] [81O.OF2.Op]
EN [81O.OF2.En]
&
[81O.OF3.t_Op] 0ms
SET f>[81O.OF3.f_Set] [81O.OF3.Op]
EN [81O.OF3.En]
&
[81O.OF4.t_Op] 0ms
SET f>[81O.OF4.f_Set] [81O.OF4.Op]
EN [81O.OF4.En]
Where:
For overfrequency protection, when following three conditions are met the protection is enabled.
When the protective function block is disabled, [81O.St], [81O.OFx.Op] signals are both reset.
Default values of Inputs [81O.En1] and [81O.En2] are “1” and [81O.Blk] is “0” when those inputs
3.15.6 Settings
Table 3.15-3 Settings of frequency protection
Enabling/disabling stage 3 of
underfrequency protection
15 81U.UF3.En 0 or 1
0: disable
1: enable
Enabling/disabling rate of frequency
change to block stage 3 of
16 81U.UF3.En_df/dt_Blk 0 or 1 underfrequency protection
0: disable
1: enable
Enabling/disabling stage 4 of
underfrequency protection
17 81U.UF4.En 0 or 1
0: disable
1: enable
Enabling/disabling rate of frequency
change to block stage 4 of
18 81U.UF4.En_df/dt_Blk 0 or 1 underfrequency protection
0: disable
1: enable
Frequency pickup setting for
19 81O.f_Pkp 50.000~65.000 (Hz) 0.001 Hz
overfrequency protection
Frequency setting for stage 1 of
20 81O.OF1.f_Set 50.000~65.000 (Hz) 0.001 Hz
overfrequency protection
Time delay for stage 1 of
21 81O.OF1.t_Op 0.050~20.000 (s) 0.001 s
overfrequency protection
Frequency setting for stage 2 of
22 81O.OF2.f_Set 50.000~65.000 (Hz) 0.001 Hz
overfrequency protection
Time delay for stage 2 of
23 81O.OF2.t_Op 0.050~20.000 (s) 0.001 s
overfrequency protection
Frequency setting for stage 3 of
24 81O.OF3.f_Set 50.000~65.000 (Hz) 0.001 Hz
overfrequency protection
Time delay for stage 3 of
25 81O.OF3.t_Op 0.050~20.000 (s) 0.001 s
overfrequency protection
Frequency setting for stage 4 of
26 81O.OF4.f_Set 50.000~65.000 (Hz) 0.001 Hz
overfrequency protection
Time delay for stage 4 of
27 81O.OF4.t_Op 0.050~20.000 (s) 0.001 s
overfrequency protection
Enabling/disabling stage 1 of
overfrequency protection
28 81O.OF1.En 0 or 1
0: disable
1: enable
Enabling/disabling stage 2 of
overfrequency protection
29 81O.OF2.En 0 or 1
0: disable
1: enable
Enabling/disabling stage 3 of
overfrequency protection
30 81O.OF3.En 0 or 1
0: disable
1: enable
Enabling/disabling stage 4 of
overfrequency protection
31 81O.OF4.En 0 or 1
0: disable
1: enable
Breaker failure protection issues a back-up trip command to trip adjacent circuit breakers in case
of a tripping failure of the circuit breaker, and clears the fault as requested by the device. To utilize
the protection information of faulty equipment and the electrical information of failure circuit
breaker to constitute the criterion of breaker failure protection, it can ensure that the adjacent
circuit breakers of failure circuit breaker are tripped with a shorter time delay, so that the affected
area is minimized, and ensure stable operation of the entire power grid to prevent generators,
transformers and other components from seriously damaged.
When both the phase-segregated tripping contact from line protection and the corresponding
phase overcurrent element operate, or both the three-phase tripping contact and any phase
overcurrent element operate, breaker failure protection will send three-phase tripping command to
trip local circuit breaker after time delay of [50BF.t1_Op] and trip all adjacent circuit breakers after
time delay of [50BF.t2_Op].
When the protection element except undervoltage element within this device operates and issues
tripping signal, breaker failure protection will also be initiated.
Taking into account that the faulty current is too small for generator or transformer fault, the
sensitivity of phase current element may not meet the requirements, zero-sequence current
criterion and negative-sequence current criterion are provided in addition to the phase overcurrent
element for breaker failure protection initiated by input signal [50BF.ExTrp3P_GT] from generator
and transformer protection. They can be enabled or disabled by logic settings [50BF.En_3I0_3P]
For some special fault (for example, mechanical protection or overvoltage protection operating),
maybe faulty current is very small and current criterion of breaker failure protection is not met, in
order to make breaker failure protection can also operate under the above situation, an input
signal [50BF.ExTrp_WOI] is equipped to initiate breaker failure protection, once the input signal is
energized, normally closed auxiliary contact of circuit breaker is chosen in addition to breaker
failure current check to trigger breaker failure timer. The device takes current as priority with CB
auxiliary contact (52b) as an option criterion for breaker failure check.
50BF
50BF.ExTrp3P_L 50BF.Op_ReTrpA
50BF.ExTrp3P_GT
50BF.Op_ReTrpB
50BF.ExTrp_WOI
50BF.ExTrpA 50BF.Op_ReTrpC
50BF.ExTrpB 50BF.Op_ReTrp3P
50BF.ExTrpC
50BF.En 50BF.Op_t1
50BF.Blk 50BF.Op_t2
3.16.5 Logic
SIG 50BF.En
&
EN [50BF.En] Enable 50BF
SIG 50BF.Blk
EN [50BF.En_ReTrp]
EN [50BF.En_3I0_1P] >=1
SET 3I0>[50BF.3I0_Set]
SET IA>[50BF.I_Set]
SET IB>[50BF.I_Set]
BI [50BF.ExTrp_WOI]
&
EN [50BF.En_3I0_3P] &
>=1
>=1
SET 3I0>[50BF.3I0_Set]
&
EN [50BF.En_I2_3P] &
SET I2>[50BF.I2_Set]
& [50BF.t1_Op] 0ms [50BF.Op_t1]
EN [50BF.En_CB_Ctrl] &
[50BF.t2_Op] 0ms [50BF.Op_t2]
BI [52b_PhA]
&
BI [52b_PhB]
BI [52b_PhC]
3.16.6 Settings
Table 3.16-2 Settings of breaker failure protection
greater heat to lead temperature increase and if the temperature reaches too high values the
equipment might be damaged.
Thermal overload protection estimates the internal heat content (temperature) continuously. This
estimation is made by using a thermal model with two time constants, which is based on current
measurement.
When the temperature increases to the alarm value, the protection issues alarm signals to remind
the operator for attention, and if the temperature continues to increase to the trip value, the
protection sends trip command to disconnect the protected line.
Two stages for alarm purpose and two stages for trip purpose
The device provides a thermal overload model which is based on the IEC60255-8 standard. The
thermal overload formulas are shown as below.
I2
T = τ × ln
I 2 − (k × I B ) 2
I 2 − I p2
T = τ × ln
I 2 − (k × I B ) 2
Where:
ln = Natural logarithm
t Refer to IEC60255-8
Ip
P=—
IB
P = 0.0
P = 0.6
P = 0.8
P = 0.9
kIB I
The hot start characteristic is adopted in the device. The calculation is carried out at zero of Ip, so
users need not to set the value of Ip.
Tripping outputs of the protection is controlled by current, even if the thermal accumulation value is
greater than the setting for tripping, the protection drops off instantaneously when current
disappears. Alarm outputs of the protection is not controlled by current, and only if the thermal
accumulation value is greater than the setting for alarm, alarm output contacts, which can be
connected to block the auto-reclosure, will operate.
49
49.Clr_Cmd 49.St
49.En 49-1.Alm
49.Blk 49-1.Op
49-2.Alm
49-2.Op
3.17.5 Logic
SIG [49.En]
&
SIG [49.I3P] 49.St
SET [49.Ib_Set]
& Timer
t
49-x.Op
t
EN [49-x.En_Trp]
& Timer
t
49-x.Alm
t
EN [49-x.En_Alm]
BI [49.Clr_Cmd]
Where:
x can be 1 or 2
3.17.6 Settings
Table 3.17-2 Settings of thermal overload protection
0: disable
1: enable
Enabling/disabling stage 1 of
thermal overload protection for trip
6 49-1.En_Trp 0 or 1 purpose
0: disable
1: enable
Enabling/disabling stage 2 of
thermal overload protection for
7 49-2.En_Alm 0 or 1 alarm purpose
0: disable
1: enable
Enabling/disabling stage 2 of
thermal overload protection for trip
8 49-2.En_Trp 0 or 1 purpose
0: disable
1: enable
CT1 CT2
Bus Bus
To the device
Line Line
50STB
50STB.En1 50STB.Op
50STB.En2 50STB.St
50STB.Blk
3.18.4 Logic
Only one stage is available to stub overcurrent protection. Based on calculating summation
current from dual CTs, the logic scheme of stub overcurrent protection is shown as Figure 3.18-2.
SIG 50STB.En1
SIG 50STB.En2
&
&
SIG 50STB.Blk &
[50STB.t_Op] 50STB.Op
SET Ia>[50STB.I_Set]
>=1
SET Ib>[50STB.I_Set] 50STB.St
SET Ic>[50STB.I_Set]
EN [50STB.En]
3.18.5 Settings
Table 3.18-2 Settings of stub overcurrent protection
62PD
62PD.En1 62PD.Op
62PD.En2
62PD.St
62PD.Blk
3.19.5 Logic
Pole discrepancy protection can be initiated by two methods.
1. Initiation method 1
It uses combination of circuit breaker normally closed and normally open auxiliary contacts to
initiate pole discrepancy protection, i.e. the binary input [62PD.In_PD] and its connection is shown
as below.
DC+
52b_PhA 52a_PhA
52b_PhB 52a_PhB
Binary input
52b_PhC 52a_PhC 62PD.In_PD
Where:
2. Initiation method 2
Phase-segregated circuit breaker auxiliary contacts are connected to the device. When the state
of three phase-segregated circuit breaker auxiliary contacts are inconsistent, pole discrepancy
protection will be started and initiate output after a time delay [62PD.t_Op].
Pole discrepancy protection can be blocked by external input signal [62PD.Blk]. In general, this
input signal is usually from the output of 1-pole AR initiation, so as to prevent pole discrepancy
protection from operation during 1-pole AR initiation.
SIG 62PD.En2
62PD.St
BI [62PD.Blk]
& &
EN [62PD.En] [62PD.t_Op] 0ms 62PD.Op
BI [62PD.In_PD]
EN [62PD.En_3I0/I2_Ctrl] >=1
SET 3I0>[62PD.3I0_Set] >=1
SET I2>[62PD.I2_Set]
3.19.6 Settings
Table 3.19-2 Settings of pole discrepancy protection
broken-conductor fault under light load condition is relative small. If negative-sequence current
protection is set larger than maximum negative-sequence current under loading, the protection
may be failure to operate if broken-conductor fault happens under light load condition,
negative-sequence overcurrent protection is therefore not suitable to apply for broken-conductor
fault.
The network of single-phase broken condition is similar to that of two-phases earthing fault,
positive-sequence, negative-sequence and zero-sequence network is connected in parallel, I2/I1=
Z0/(Z0+Z2), generally, zero-sequence impedance is larger than positive-sequence impedance, i.e.
I2/I1>0.5. The network of two-phases broken condition is similar to that of single-phase earthing
fault, positive-sequence, negative-sequence and zero-sequence network is connected in series,
so I2/I1=1.
46BC
46BC.En1 46BC.St
46BC.En2 46BC.Op
46BC.Blk
3.20.5 Logic
EN [46BC.En] &
&
SIG [46BC.En1] &
46BC.St
SIG [46BC.En2] &
[46BC.t_Op] 0ms 46BC.Op
SIG [46BC.Blk]
SET I2/I1>[46BC.K_Set]
3.20.6 Settings
Table 3.20-2 Settings of broken conductor protection
3.21 Synchrocheck
3.21.1 General Application
The purpose of synchrocheck is to ensure two systems are synchronism before they are going to
be connected.
When two asynchronous systems are connected together, due to phase difference between the
two systems, larger impact will be led to the system during closing. Thus auto-reclosing and
manual closing are applied with the synchrocheck to avoid this situation and maintain the system
stability. The synchrocheck includes synchronism check and dead charge check.
The dead charge check function measures the amplitude of line voltage and bus voltage at both
sides of the circuit breaker, and then compare them with the live check setting [25.U_Lv] and the
dead check setting [25.U_Dd]. The output is only given when the measured quantities comply with
the criteria.
Synchrocheck in this device can be used for auto-reclosing and manual closing for both
single-breaker and dual-breakers. Details are described in the following sections.
When used for the synchrocheck of single-breaker, comparative relationship between reference
voltage (UL) and incoming voltage (UB) for synchronism is as follows.
UL
UB
Voltage selection function is not required for this busbar arrangement, the connection of the
voltage signals and respective VT MCB auxiliary contacts to the device is shown in the Figure
3.21-2 and Figure 3.21-3.
VTS.En_Line_VT=0 Bus
} Ua
UL1 Ub CB
Uc
MCB_VT_UL1
UB1
MCB_VT_UB1
Line
VTS.En_Line_VT=1 Bus
UB1 CB
MCB_VT_UB1
} Ua
UL1 Ub
Uc
MCB_VT_UL1 Line
In the figures, the setting [VTS.En_Line_VT] is used to determine protection voltage signals (Ua,
Ub, Uc) from line VT or bus VT according to the condition.
Bus2
Bus1
B1D B2D
UB1
MCB_VT_UB1
UB2
MCB_VT_UB2
UB1D_Clsd
UB1D_Open } CB
UB2D_Clsd
UB2D_Open }
} Ua
UL1 Ub
Line
Uc
MCB_VT_UL1
For double busbars arrangement, selection of appropriate voltage signals from Bus 1 and Bus 2
for synchronizing are required. Line VT signal is taken as reference to check synchronizing with
the voltage after voltage selection function. Selection approach is as follows.
For the disconnector positions, the normally open (NO) and normally closed (NC) contacts of the
disconnector for bus 1 and bus 2 are required to determine the disconnector open and closed
positions. The voltage selection logic is as follows.
BI UB1D_Clsd &
UB1_SEL
BI UB1D_Open
Voltage
Selection Logic
BI UB2D_Clsd &
UB2_SEL
BI UB2D_Open
&
Invalid_SEL
UB1 UB
UB2
After acquiring the disconnector open and closed positions of double busbars, use the following
logic to acquire the feeder voltage of double busbars.
If voltage selection is invalid (Invalid_SEL=1), keep original selection and without switchover.
For one and a half breakers arrangement, selection of appropriate voltage signals among Line1
VT, Line2 VT and Bus 2 VT as reference voltage to check synchronizing with Bus 1 voltage signal
for closing breaker at Bus 1 side.
Bus1
UB1
MCB_VT_UB1
UB1D_Clsd
UB1D_Open } B1D
} Ua Line 1
UL1 Ub
Uc
MCB_VT_UL1
L1D
UL1D_Clsd
UL1D_Open } Line 2
UL2
MCB_VT_UL2
UL2D_Clsd
UL2D_Open }
}
L2D
UB2D_Clsd
UB2D_Open
UB2
MCB_VT_UB2
B2D
Bus2
Figure 3.21-6 Voltage connection for one and a half breakers arrangement
For the circuit breaker at bus side (take bus breaker of bus 1 as an example), the device acquires
the disconnector open and closed positions of two feeders and bus 2. The voltage selection logic
is as follows.
BI UL1D_Clsd &
UL1_SEL
BI UL1D_Open
&
BI UL2D_Clsd & UL2_SEL
BI UL2D_Open
&
BI UB2D_Clsd & UB2_SEL
BI UB2D_Open
&
Invalid_SEL
UL1 UL
UL2
UB2
Figure 3.21-7 Voltage selection for one and a half breakers arrangement
For the tie breaker, the device acquires the disconnector open and closed positions of two feeders
and two busbars. Either Line 1 VT or Bus 1 VT signal is selected as reference voltage to check
synchronizing with the selected voltage between Line 2 VT and Bus 2 VT. The voltage selection
logic is as follows.
BI UL1D_Clsd &
UL1_SEL
BI UL1D_Open
&
BI UB1D_Clsd & UB1_SEL
BI UB1D_Open
&
UL1 UL
UB1
BI UL2D_Clsd &
UL2_SEL
BI UL2D_Open
&
BI UB2D_Clsd & UB2_SEL
BI UB2D_Open
>=1
& Invalid_SEL
UL2 UB
UB2
Figure 3.21-8 Voltage selection for one and a half breakers arrangement
When the voltage selection fails (including VT circuit failure and MCB failure), the device will issue
the corresponding failure signal. If the voltage selection is invalid (Invalid_SEL=1), keep original
selection and without switchover.
In order to simplify description, one of the two voltages used in the synchrocheck (synchronism check
and dead charge check) which obtained after voltage selection function is regarded as line voltage,
and another is bus voltage.
If synchronism voltage from line VT or busbar VT is used for auto-reclosing with synchronism or
dead line or busbar check, the synchronism voltage is monitored.
If the circuit breaker is in closed state (52b of three phases are de-energized), but the synchronism
voltage is lower than the setting [25.U_Lv], it means that synchronism voltage circuit fails and an
alarm [25.Alm_VTS_UB] or [25.Alm_VTS_UL] will be issued with a time delay of 10s.
If auto-reclosing is disabled, or the logic setting [25.En_NoChk] is set as “1”, synchronism voltage
is not required and synchronism voltage circuit failure supervision will be disabled.
When synchronism voltage circuit failure is detected, function of synchronism check and dead
check in auto-reclosing logic will be disabled.
After synchronism voltage reverted to normal condition, the alarm will be reset automatically with a
time delay of 10s.
3.21.4 Logic
These logic diagrams give the introduction to the working principles of the synchronism check and
dead charge check.
The frequency difference, voltage difference, and phase difference of voltages from both sides of
the circuit breaker are calculated in the device, they are used as input conditions of the
synchronism check.
When the synchronism check function is enabled and the voltages of both ends meets the
requirements of the voltage difference, phase difference, and frequency difference, and there is no
synchronism check blocking signal, it is regarded that the synchronism check conditions are met.
EN [25.En_SynChk]
SIG 25.Start_Chk
SIG UB>[25.U_Lv]
& &
SIG UL>[25.U_Lv] 50ms 0ms & [25.t_SynChk] 0ms 25.Ok_SynChk
SIG 25.Ok_UDiff
SIG 25.Ok_phiDiff
SIG 25.Ok_fDiff
The dead charge check conditions have three types, namely, live-bus and dead-line check,
dead-bus and live-line check and dead-bus and dead-line check. The above three modes can be
enabled and disabled by the corresponding logic settings. The device can calculate the measured
bus voltage and line voltage at both sides of the circuit breaker and compare them with the
settings [25.U_Lv] and [25.U_Dd]. When the voltage is higher than [25.U_Lv], the bus/line is
regarded as live. When the voltage is lower than [25.U_Dd], the bus/line is regarded as dead.
EN [25.En_DdL_DdB] &
25.Ok_DdL_DdB
EN [25.En_DdL_LvB] &
25.Ok_DdL_LvB
EN [25.En_LvL_DdB] &
25.Ok_LvL_DdB
SIG UL>[25.U_Lv]
SIG UL<[25.U_Dd]
SIG UB>[25.U_Lv]
SIG UB<[25.U_Dd]
SIG 25.Alm_VTS_UL
SIG 25.Ok_SynChk
>=1
EN 25.En_NoChk 25.Ok_Chk
SIG 25.Ok_DdChk
This device comprises two synchrocheck modules, correspond to circuit breaker 1 and circuit
breaker 2 respectively.
3.21.5 Settings
Table 3.21-2 Settings of synchrocheck
4: BC-phase voltage
5: CA-phase voltage
Voltage selecting mode of bus.
0: A-phase voltage
1: B-phase voltage
2 25.Opt_Source_UB 0~5 1 2: C-phase voltage
3: AB-phase voltage
4: BC-phase voltage
5: CA-phase voltage
Besides overhead lines, other equipment failure, such as cables, busbar, transformer fault and so
on, are generally permanent fault, and auto-reclosing is not initiated after faulty feeder is tripped.
For some mixed circuits, such as overhead line with a transformer unit, hybrid transmission lines,
etc., it is required to ensure that auto-reclosing is only initiated for faults overhead line section, or
make a choice according to the situation.
When external auto-reclosure is used, the device can output some configurable output to initiate
external AR, such as, contact of initiating AR, phase-segregated tripping contact, single-phase
tripping contact, three-phase tripping contact and contact of blocking AR. According to
requirement, these contacts can be selectively connected to external auto-reclosure device to
initiate AR.
For phase-segregated circuit breaker, AR mode can be 1-pole AR for single-phase fault and
3-pole AR for multi-phase fault, or always 3-pole AR for any kinds of fault according to system
requirement. For persistent fault or multi-shot AR number preset value is reached, the device will
send final tripping command. The device will provide appropriate tripping command based on
faulty phase selection if adopting 1-pole AR.
AR can be enabled or disabled by logic setting or external signal via binary input. When AR is
enabled, the device will output contact [79.On], otherwise, output contact [79.Off]. After some
reclosing conditions, such as, CB position, CB pressure and so on, is satisfied, the device will
output contact [79.Ready].
According to requirement, the device can be set as one-shot or multi-shot AR. When adopting
multi-shot AR, the AR mode of first time reclosing can be set as 1-pole AR, 3-pole AR or 1/3-pole
AR. The rest AR mode is only 3-pole AR and its number is determined by the maximum 3-pole
reclosing number.
For one-shot AR or first reclosing of multi-shot AR, AR mode can be selected by logic setting
[79.En_1PAR], [79.En_3PAR] and [79.En_1P/3PAR] or external signal via binary inputs. When
3-pole or 1/3-pole AR mode is selected, the following three types of check modes can be selected:
dead charge check, synchronism check and no check.
79
79.En 79.On
79.Blk 79.Off
79.Ready
79.AR_Blkd
79.Active
79.Inprog
79.Inprog_1P
79.Inprog_3PS2
79.WaitToSlave
79.AR_Out
79.Prep_Trp1P
79.Prep_Trp3P
79.Fail_Rcls
79.Fail_Chk
79.Mode_1PAR
79.Mode_3PAR
79.Mode_1/3PAR
3.22.5 Logic
3.22.5.1 AR Ready
For the first reclosing of multi-shot AR, AR mode can be 1-pole AR or 3-pole AR, however, the
selection is valid only to the first reclosing, after that it can only be 3-pole AR.
When logic setting [79.SetOpt] is set as “1”, AR mode is determined by logic settings. When logic
setting [79.SetOpt] is set as “0”, AR mode is determined by external signal via binary inputs.
An auto-reclosure must be ready to operate before performing reclosing. The output signal
[79.Ready] means that the auto-reclosure can perform at least one time of reclosing function, i.e.,
breaker open-close-open.
When the device is energized or after the settings are modified, the following conditions must be
met before the reclaim time begins:
1. AR function is enabled.
2. The circuit breaker is ready, such as, normal storage energy and no low pressure signal.
3. The duration of the circuit breaker in closed position before fault occurrence is not less than
the setting [79.t_CBClsd].
After the auto-reclosure operates, the auto-reclosure must reset, i.e., [79.Active]=0, in addition to
the above conditions for reclosing again.
>=1
EN [79.En] &
EN [79.En_ExtCtrl]
>=1
79.On
&
SIG 79.In_En &
SIG 79.Blk
The input signal [79.CB_Healthy] must be energized before auto-reclosure gets ready. Because
most circuit breakers can finish one complete process: open-closed-open, it is necessary that
circuit breaker has enough energy before reclosing. When the time delay of AR is exhausted, AR
will be blocked if the input signal [79.CB_Healthy] is still not energized within time delay
[79.t_CBReady]. If this function is not required, the input signal [79.CB_Healthy] can be not to
configure, and its state will be thought as “1” by default.
When the input signal [79.LockOut] is energized, auto-reclosure will be blocked immediately. After
this input signal is de-energized, the blocking condition will disappear with a time delay
[79.t_DDO_BlkAR].
When the internal blocking condition of AR is met (such as, zone 3 of distance protection operates,
the device operates for multi-phase fault, three-phase fault and so on.) The blocking flag of AR will
be also controlled by the internal blocking condition of AR. When the blocking flag of AR is valid,
auto-reclosure will be blocked immediately. After the blocking flag of AR is invalid, the blocking for
AR will disappear with a time delay [79.t_DDO_BlkAR].
AR will be blocked immediately once the blocking condition of AR appears, but the blocking
condition of AR will drop off with a time delay [79.t_DDO_BlkAR] after blocking signal disappears
When any protection element operates to trip, the device will output a signal [79.Active] until AR
drop off (Reset Command). Any tripping signal can be from external protection device or internal
protection element.
AR function can be enabled by internal logic settings of AR mode or external signal via binary
inputs in addition to internal logic setting [79.En]. When logic setting [79.En_ExtCtrl] is set as “1”,
AR enable are determined by external signal via binary inputs and logic settings. When logic
setting [79.En_ExtCtrl] set as “0”, AR enable are determined only by logic settings.
For one-shot reclosing, if 1-pole AR mode is selected, auto-reclosure will reset when there is
three-phase tripping signal or input signal of multi-phase open position.
3.22.5.2 AR Initiation
AR mode can be selected by external signal via binary inputs or internal logic settings. If the logic
setting [79.SetOpt] set as “1”, AR mode is determined by the internal logic settings. If the logic
settings [79.SetOpt] set as “0”, AR mode is determined by the external inputs.
AR can be initiated by tripping signal of line protection, and the tripping signal may be from internal
trip signal or external trip signal.
When selecting 1-pole AR or 1/3-pole AR, line single-phase fault will trigger 1-pole AR. When AR
is ready to reclosing (“79.Ready”=1) and the single-phase tripping command is received, this
single-phase tripping command will be kept in the device, and 1-pole AR will be initiated after the
single-phase tripping command drops off. The single-phase tripping command kept in the device
will be cleared after the completion of auto-reclosing sequence (Reset Command). Its logic is
shown in Figure 3.22-2.
&
SIG 79.Ready
&
1-pole AR Initiation
SIG 79.Sel_1PAR >=1
SIG 79.Sel_1P/3PAR
When selecting 3-pole AR or 1/3-pole AR, three-phase tripping will trigger 3-pole AR. When AR is
ready to reclosing (“79.Ready”=1) and the three-phase tripping command is received, this
three-phase tripping command will be kept in the device, and 3-pole AR will be initiated after the
three-phase tripping command drops off. The three-phase tripping command kept in the device will
be cleared after the completion of auto-reclosing sequence. (Reset Command) Its logic is shown
in Figure 3.22-3.
&
SIG 79.Ready
&
3-pole AR Initiation
SIG 79.Sel_3PAR >=1
SIG 79.Sel_1P/3PAR
2. AR initiated by CB state
A logic setting [79.En_CBInit] is available for selection that AR is initiated by CB state. Under
normal conditions, when AR is ready to reclosing (“79.Ready”=1), AR will be initiated if circuit
breaker is open and corresponding phase current is nil. AR initiated by CB state can be divided
into initiating 1-pole AR and 3-pole AR, their logics are shown in Figure 3.22-4 and Figure 3.22-5
respectively. Usually normally closed contact of circuit breaker is used to reflect CB state.
EN [79.En_CBInit]
SIG 79.Ready
SIG 79.Sel_1P/3PAR
EN [79.En_CBInit] &
SIG 79.Ready
EN [79.Sel_1PAR] >=1
EN [79.Sel_1P/3PAR]
3.22.5.3 AR Reclosing
After AR is initiated, the device will output the initiating contact of AR. For 1-pole AR, in order to
prevent pole discrepancy protection from maloperation under pole discrepancy conditions, the
contact of “1-pole AR initiation” can be used to block pole discrepancy protection.
When the dead time delay of AR expires after AR is initiated, as for 1-pole AR, the result of
synchronism check will not be judged, and reclosing command will be output directly. As far as the
3-pole AR, if the synchronism check is enabled, the release of reclosing command shall be subject
to the result of synchronism check. After the dead time delay of AR expires, if the synchronism
check is still unsuccessful within the time delay [79.t_wait_Chk], the signal of synchronism check
failure (79.Fail_Syn) will be output and the AR will be blocked. If 3-pole AR with no-check is
enabled, the condition of synchronism check success (25.Ok_Chk) will always be established.
And the signal of synchronism check success (25.Ok_Chk) from the synchronism check logic can
be applied by auto-reclosing function inside the device or external auto-reclosure device.
>=1
79.Inprog
79.Inprog_1P
79.Inprog_3P
>=1
SIG 3-pole AR Initiation [79.t_Dd_3PS1] 0ms & AR Pulse
&
[79.t_Wait_Chk] 0ms 79.Fail_Chk
SIG 25.Ok_Chk
When there is a fault on an overhead line, the concerned circuit breakers will be tripped normally.
After fault is cleared, the tripping command will drop off immediately. In case the circuit breaker is
in failure, etc., and the tripping signal of the circuit breaker maintains and in excess of the time
delay [79.t_PersistTrp], AR will be blocked, as shown in the following figure.
In case pilot protection adopting permissive scheme, when the communication channel is
abnormal, pilot protection will be disabled. In the process of channel abnormality, an internal fault
occurs on the transmission line, backup protection at both ends of line will operate to trip the circuit
breaker of each end. The operation time of backup protection at both ends of the line is possibly
non-accordant, whilst the time delay of AR needs to consider the arc-extinguishing and insulation
recovery ability for transient fault, so the time delay of AR shall be considered comprehensively
according to the operation time of the device at both ends. When the communication channel of
main protection is abnormal (input signal [79.PLC_Lost] is energized), and the logic setting
[79.En_AddDly] is set as “1”, then the dead time delay of AR shall be equal to the original dead
time delay of AR plus the extra time delay [79.t_AddDly], so as to ensure the recovery of insulation
intensity of fault point when reclosing after transient fault. This extra time delay [t_ExtendDly] is
only valid for the first shot AR.
>=1
&
BI [79.PLC_Lost]
&
SIG 79.Active
&
Extend AR time
EN [79.En_AddDly]
Reclosing pulse length may be set through the setting [79.t_DDO_AR]. For the circuit breaker
without anti-pump interlock, a logic setting [79.En_CutPulse] is available to control the reclosing
pulse. When this function is enabled, if the device operates to trip during reclosing, the reclosing
pulse will drop off immediately, so as to prevent multi-shot reclosing onto fault. After the reclosing
command is issued, AR will drop off with time delay [79.t_Reclaim], and can carry out next
reclosing.
EN [79.En_CutPulse]
For transient fault, the fault will be cleared after the device operates to trip. After the reclosing
command is issued, AR will drop off after time delay [79.t_Reclaim], and can carry out next
reclosing. When the reclosing is unsuccessful or the reclosing condition is not met after AR
initiated, the reclosing will be considered as unsuccessful, including the following cases.
1. For one-shot AR, if the tripping command is received again within reclaim time after the
reclosing pulse is issued, the reclosing shall be considered as unsuccessful.
2. For multi-shot AR, if the reclosing times are equal to the setting value of AR number and the
tripping command is received again after the last reclosing pulse is issued, the reclosing shall
be considered as unsuccessful.
3. The logic setting [79.En_FailCheck] is available to judge whether the reclosing is successful
by CB state, when it is set as “1”. If CB is still in open position with a time delay [79.t_Fail] after
the reclosing pulse is issued, the reclosing shall be considered as unsuccessful. For this case,
the device will issue a signal (79.Fail_Rcls) to indicate that the reclosing is unsuccessful, and
this signal will drop off after (Reset Command). AR will be blocked if the reclosing shall be
considered as unsuccessful.
>=1
SIG AR Pulse
&
[79.t_Fail] 0ms &
SIG CB closed
EN [79.En_FailCheck]
After unsuccessful AR is confirmed, AR will be blocked. AR will not enter into the ready state
unless the circuit breaker position drops off , and can only begin to enter into the ready state again
after the circuit breaker is closed.
The device may be set up into one-shot or multi-shot AR. Through the setting [79.N_Rcls], the
maximum number of reclosing attempts may be set up to 4 times. Generally, only one-shot AR is
selected. Some corresponding settings may be hidden if one-shot AR is selected.
1. 1-pole AR
[79.N_Rcls]=1 means one-shot reclosing. For one-shot 1-pole AR mode, 1-pole AR will be initiated
only for single-phase fault and respective faulty phase selected, otherwise, AR will be blocked. For
single-phase transient fault on the line, line protection device will operate to trip and 1-pole AR is
initiated. After the dead time delay for 1-pole AR is expired, the device will send reclosing pulse,
and then the auto-reclosure will drop off after the time delay [79.t_Reclaim] to ready for the next
reclosing. For permanent fault, the device will operate to trip again after the reclosing is performed,
and the device will output the signal of reclosing failure [79.Fail_Rcls].
[79.N_Rcls]>1 means multi-shot reclosing. For multi-shot reclosing in 1-pole AR mode, the first
reclosing is 1-pole AR, and the subsequent reclosing can only be 3-pole AR. For single-phase
transient fault on the line, line protection device will operate to trip and then 1-pole AR is initiated.
After the dead time delay of the first reclosing is expired, the device will send reclosing pulse, and
then the auto-reclosure will drop off after the time delay [79.t_Reclaim] to ready for the next
reclosing. For permanent fault, the device will operate to trip again after the reclosing is performed,
and then 3-pole AR is initiated. At this time, the time delay applies the setting [79.t_Dd_3PS2].
After the time delay is expired, if the reclosing condition is met, the device will send reclosing pulse.
The sequence is repeated until the reclosing is successful or the maximum permit reclosing
number [79.N_Rcls] is reached. If the first fault is multi-phase fault, the device operates to trip
three-phase and initiate 3-pole AR. At this time, the time delay applies the setting [79.t_Dd_3PS1].
For the possible reclosing times of 3-pole AR in 1-pole AR mode, please refer to Table 3.22-2.
2. 3-pole AR
[79.N_Rcls]=1 means one-shot reclosing. For one-shot 3-pole AR mode, line protection device will
operate to trip when a transient fault occurs on the line and 3-pole AR will be initiated. After the
dead time delay for 3-pole AR is expired, the device will send reclosing pulse, and then the
auto-reclosure will drop off after the time delay [79.t_Reclaim] to ready for the next reclosing. For
permanent fault, the device will operate to trip again after the reclosing is performed, and the
device will output the signal of reclosing failure [79.Fail_Rcls].
[79.N_Rcls]>1 means multi-shot reclosing. For multi-shot reclosing in 3-pole AR mode, line
protection device will operate to trip when a transient fault occurs on the line and 3-pole AR will be
initiated. After the dead time delay of the first reclosing is expired, the device will send reclosing
pulse, and then the auto-reclosure will drop off after the time delay [79.t_Reclaim] to ready for the
next reclosing. For permanent fault, the device will operate to trip again after the reclosing is
performed, and then 3-pole AR is initiated after the tripping contact drops off. After the time delay
for AR is expired, the device will send reclosing pulse. The sequence is repeated until the
reclosing is successful or the maximum permit reclosing number [79.N_Rcls] is reached.
3. 1/3-pole AR
[79.N_Rcls]=1 means one-shot reclosing. For one-shot 1/3-pole AR mode, line protection device
will operate to trip when a transient fault occurs on the line and 1-pole AR will be initiated for
single-phase fault and 3-pole AR will be initiated for multi-phase fault. After respective dead time
delay for AR is expired, the device will send reclosing pulse, and then the auto-reclosure will drop
off after the time delay [79.t_Reclaim] to ready for the next reclosing. For permanent fault, the
device will operate to trip again after the reclosing is performed, and the device will output the
signal of reclosing failure [79.Fail_Rcls].
[79.N_Rcls]>1 means multi-shot reclosing. For multi-shot reclosing in 1/3-pole AR mode, line
protection device will operate to trip when a transient fault occurs on the line and AR will be
initiated. After the dead time delay of the first reclosing is expired, the device will send reclosing
pulse, and then the auto-reclosure will drop off after the time delay [79.t_Reclaim] to ready for the
next reclosing. For permanent fault, the device will operate to trip again after the reclosing is
performed, and then 3-pole AR is initiated after the tripping contact drops off. After the time delay
for AR is expired, the device will send reclosing pulse. The sequence is repeated until the
reclosing is successful or the maximum permit reclosing number [79.N_Rcls] is reached. For the
possible reclosing times of 3-pole AR in 1/3-pole AR mode, please refer to Table 3.22-2.
The table below shows the number of reclose attempts with respect to the settings and AR modes.
Duplicated protection configurations are normally applied for UHV lines. If reclosing function is
integrated within line protections, the auto-reclosing function can be enabled in any or both of the
line protections without coordination.
If both sets of reclosing functions are enabled, when one of them first recloses onto a permanent
fault, the other will block the reclosing pulse according to the latest condition of the faulty phase.
For one-shot AR mode, if the current is detected in the faulty phase, AR will be blocked
immediately to prevent the circuit breaker from repetitive reclosing. For multi-shot AR mode, if the
current is detected in the faulty phase, the current reclosing pulse will be blocked and go into the
next reclosing pulse logic automatically. If the maximum permitted reclosing number [79.N_Rcls] is
reached, the auto-reclosure will drop off after the time delay [79.t_Reclaim].
For one-shot or multi-shot AR, there is a corresponding reclosing counter at each stage. After
reclosing pulse is sent, the corresponding reclosing counter will plus 1 and the reclosing counter
may be cleared by the submenu “Clear Counter”. If the circuit breaker is reclosed by other
devices during AR initiation, the auto-reclosure will go into the next reclosing pulse logic.
The following two examples indicate typical time sequence of AR process for transient fault and
permanent fault respectively.
Signal
Fault
Trip
CB 52b
Open
79.t_Reclaim [79.t_Reclaim]
79.Active
79.Inprog [79.t_Dd_1PS1]
79.Inprog_1P [79.t_Dd_1PS1]
79.Ok_Chk
AR Out [79.t_DDO_AR]
79.Perm_Trp3P
79.Fail_Rcls
Time
Signal
Fault
Trip
Open Open
52b
79.t_Reclaim [79.t_Reclaim]
79.Active
79.Inprog
79.Inprog_1P [79.t_Dd_1PS1]
79.Inprog_3PS2 [79.t_Dd_3PS2]
79.Ok_Chk
79.Perm_Trp3P
79.Fail_Rcls 200ms
Time
3.22.6 Settings
Table 3.22-3 Settings of auto-reclosing
AR will be blocked.
Maximum wait time for synchronism
9 79.t_WaitChk 0.000~600.000 0.001 s
check
Time delay allow for CB status change
10 79.t_Fail 0.000~600.000 0.001 s
to conform reclosing successful
TT
TT.Init TT.Alm
TT.En TT.Op
TT.Blk
TT.On
3.23.5 Logic
BI [TT.Init]
3.23.6 Settings
Table 3.23-2 Settings of Transfer trip
element
0: not controlled by local fault detector
element
1: controlled by local fault detector element
3.24.4 Logic
[t_Dwell_Trp] &
Reset three-phase tripping command
SET Max(Ia, Ib, Ic)<0.06In
&
& >=1 BFI_A
TrpA
SIG Line tripping element
&
>=1 >=1 BFI_B
& TrpB
200ms 0ms Trp3P_PSFail
&
>=1 BFI_C
TrpC
&
BFI_3P
SIG Initiating BFP element
>=1
SIG Breaker tripping element [t_Dwell_Trp] & Trp
>=1
SIG (Faulty phase) I<0.06In & 3PTrp
>=1
EN [En_3PTrp]
3.24.5 Settings
Table 3.24-2 Settings of trip logic
VT circuit failure can be caused by many reasons, such as fuse blown due to short-circuit fault,
poor contact of VT circuit, VT maintenance and so on. The device can detect them and issue an
alarm signal to block relevant protection functions. However, the alarm of VT circuit failure should
not be issued when the following cases happen.
2. Only current protection functions are enabled and VT is not connected to the device.
Under normal conditions, the device detect residual voltage greater than 8% of Unn to determine
single-phase or two-phase VT circuit failure, and detect three times positive-sequence voltage less
than Unn to determine three-phase VT circuit failure. Upon detecting abnormality on VT circuit, an
alarm will comes up after 1.25s and drop off with a time delay of 10s after VT circuit restored to
normal.
VT (secondary circuit) MCB auxiliary contact as a binary input can be connected to the binary
input circuit of the device. If MCB is open (i.e. [VTS.MCB_VT] is energized), the device will
consider the VT circuit is not in a good condition and issues an alarm without a time delay. If the
auxiliary contact is not connected to the device, VT circuit supervision will be issued with time
delay as mentioned in previous paragraph.
When VT is not connected into the device, the alarm will be not issued if the logic setting
[VTS.En_Out_VT] is set as “1”. However, the alarm is still issued if the binary input [VTS.MCB_VT]
is energized, no matter that the logic setting [VTS.En_Out_VT] is set as “1” or “0”.
When VT neutral point fails, third harmonic of residual voltage is comparatively large. If third 带格式的: 字体: (默认) Arial
harmonic amplitude of residual voltage is larger than 0.2Unn and without operation of fault 带格式的: 字体: (默认) Arial,
五号, 字体颜色: 自动设置
detector element, VT neutral point failure alarm signal [VTNS.Alm] will be issued after 1.25s and
带格式的: 字体: (默认) Arial
drop off with a time delay of 10s after three phases voltage restored to normal. 带格式的: 字体: (默认) Arial
带格式的: 字体: (默认) Arial
3.25.3 Function Block Diagram
VTS VTNS
VTNS.Blk
3.25.5 Logic
SIG 3U0>0.08Unn
>=1
SIG 3U1<Unn & &
>=1 1.25s 10s
EN [VTS.En_Line_VT] &
SIG 52b_3P
EN [VTS.En_Out_VT]
>=1
BI [VTS.MCB_VT]
&
VTS.Alm
EN [VTS.En]
3.25.6 Settings
Table 3.25-2 VTS Settings
CTS
CTS.En CTS.Alm
CTS.Blk
3.26.5 Logic
SIG 3I0>0.1In
&
SIG 3U0<3V
SIG IA<0.06In
>=1
SIG IB<0.06In
SIG IC<0.06In
The logic makes the device ideal for single-phase tripping applications.
1) Phase A: ΔU OPA
2) Phase B: ΔU OPB
3) Phase C: ΔU OPC
If ΔU OΦMAX is several times higher than the variation of operating voltages of other two phases, the
single-phase fault is ensured, otherwise, the multi-phase fault is ensured.
ΔU OPA Phase A
ΔU OPB Phase B
ΔU OPC Phase C
ΔU OPAB Phase AB
ΔU OPBC Phase BC
ΔU OPCA Phase CA
Region A
60° -60°
Region B Region C
180°
Depended on the phase relation between I 0 and I 2A , the faulty phase can be determined.
1. -60º<Arg(I 0 /I 2A )<60º, region A is selected, possible faulty phase is phase A or phase BC.
2. 60º<Arg(I 0 /I 2A )<180º, region B is selected, possible faulty phase is phase B or phase CA.
3. 180º<Arg(I 0 /I 2A )<300º, region C is selected, possible faulty phase is phase C or phase AB.
For single-phase earth fault, I 0 and I 2 of faulty phase are in-phase and its distance element
operates.
For phase to phase to earth fault, I 0 and I 2 of non-faulty phase are in-phase but its distance
element does not operate. 批注 [程文君2]: 有输出信号
[km]
Where:
Zcalc: The impedance value calculated from the location of protection device to fault point
A Ia B
ZM
k
C Ic D
kZL (1-k)ZL
ZS
ZL
The principle in the application of mutual compensation is shown as follows with the aid of
following sequence network diagram figure. The diagram indicates a parallel lines arrangement
with an earth fault at location k on line CD.
The equivalent sequence network for an earth fault on a parallel lines arrangement with single
source is shown as below.
Ia1 ZL1
ZS1
kZL1 (1-k)ZL1
Ic1
Ia2 ZL2
ZS2
kZL2 (1-k)ZL2
Ic2
Ia0 ZL0
ZS0
Z0M
kZL0 (1-k)ZL0
Ic0
The device at location C without mutual compensation will have voltage U RC and current I RC
measured as shown in the expression
The residual current from the parallel line should be added to the device. It should be connected to
terminal 08 and star point of the parallel line CT connected to terminal 07 as shown in the following
figure. Please note the connection diagram and the terminal numbers are for reference only. The
final connection terminals are subject to the device configuration at site.
P2 S2 P2 S2
P1 S1 P1 S1
02 01 02 01
04 03 04 03
06 05 06 05
08 07 08 07
4 Supervision
Table of Contents
4 Supervision ..................................................................................... 4-a
4.1 Overview .......................................................................................................... 4-1
4.2 Supervision Alarms ......................................................................................... 4-1
4.3 Relay Self-supervision.................................................................................... 4-4
4.3.1 Relay Hardware Monitoring ................................................................................................. 4-4
Table of Tables
Table 4.2-1 Alarm description .................................................................................................... 4-1
4.1 Overview
Protection system is in quiescent state under normal conditions, and it is required to respond
promptly for faults occurred on power system. When equipment is in energizing process before the
LED “HEALTHY” is on, the equipment need to be checked to ensure no abnormality. Therefore,
the automatic supervision function, which checks the health of the protection system when startup
and during normal operation, plays an important role.
The numerical relay based on the microprocessor operations is suitable for implementing this
automatic supervision function of the protection system.
In case a defect is detected during initialization when DC power supply is provided to the
equipment, the equipment will be blocked with indication and alarm of relay out of service. It is
suggested a trial recovery of the equipment by re-energization. Please contact supplier if the
equipment is still failure.
When a failure is detected by the automatic supervision, it is followed by a LCD message, LED
indication and alarm contact outputs. The failure alarm is also recorded in event recording report
and can be printed If required.
A minor abnormality may block a certain number of protections functions while the other functions
can still work. However, if severe hardware failure or abnormality, such as PWR module failure,
DC converter failure and so on, are detected, all protection functions will be blocked and the LED
“HEALTHY” will be extinguished and blocking output contacts BO_FAIL will be given. The
protective device then can not work normally and maintenance is required to eliminate the failure.
All the alarm signals and the corresponding handling suggestions are listed below.
Note!
If the protective device is blocked or alarm signal is sent during operation, please do find
out its reason with the help of self-diagnostic record. If the reason can not be found at site,
please notify the factory NR. Please do not simply press button “TARGET RESET” on the
protection panel or re-energize on the device.
2. check whether the wiring connection between the equipment and the
clock synchronization source is correct
25 Alm_TimeSync 3. check whether the setting for selecting clock synchronization (i.e.
[Opt_TimeSync]) is set correctly. If there is no clock synchronization, please
set the setting [Opt_TimeSync] as ”No TimeSync”.
When any fault detector picks up for longer than 10s, an alarm will be issued [Alm_PersistFD]
without the device blocked.
If 52b of three phases are energized that indicates circuit breaker is open but there is still current
detected in the line (the measured current is greater than a settable threshold value) or
three-phase circuit breaker is in pole disagreement, an alarm signal [Alm_52b] will be issued after
10 seconds.
5 Management
Table of Contents
5 Management.................................................................................... 5-a
5.1 Measurement ................................................................................................... 5-1
5.2 Recording ........................................................................................................ 5-4
5.2.1 Overview .............................................................................................................................. 5-4
5.1 Measurement
PCS-902 performs continuous measurement of the analogue input quantities. The current full
scale of relay is 40 times of rated current, and there is no effect to the performance of IED due to
overflowing of current full scale. The device samples 24 points per cycle and calculates the RMS
value in each interval and updated the LCD display in every 0.5 second. The measurement data
can be displayed on the LCD of the relay front panel or on the local/remote PC via software tool.
Navigate the menu to view the sampling value through LCD screen.
This device can be used for one or two circuit breaker configuration. If it is used for two circuit
breakers configuration, some corresponding metering will be suffixed by CBn (n is the number of
the CB and it can be 1 and 2).
1. RMS Values
Access path: Press key “▲” to enter main menu firstly. Select the item “Measurements “ and
press key “ENT” to enter, and then select submenu “Measurements1” (from protection DSP) or
“Measurements2” (from fault detector DSP). Press key “ENT” to display corresponding
measurement values as below on the LCD.
Please refer to “Function Description in Synchronism Check” about the definitions of UL1, UB1,
UL2 and UB2.
Magnitude of phase current Ia, Ib, Ic (it represents the current of line, for two circuit breakers
configuration, such as one and a half breakers arrangement, it is equal to the summation of
corresponding phase currents of two circuit breakers)
Magnitude of calculated residual current 3I0 (For one circuit breaker configuration, it is
calculated from three phase currents, i.e. 3I0=Ia+Ib+Ic. However, for two circuit breakers
configuration, it is calculated from two groups of three phase currents, i.e.
3I0=Ia1+Ib1+Ic1+Ia2+Ib2+Ic2)
Magnitude of phase currents of two groups of CTs Ia1, Ib1, Ic1, Ia2, Ib2, Ic2 (Only displayed
for two circuit breakers configuration with two groups of CTs, for example, one and a half
breakers arrangement)
Magnitude of residual currents of two groups of CTs 3I01, 3I02 (Only displayed for two circuit
breakers configuration with two groups of CTs, for example, one and a half breakers
arrangement)
2. Phase Angle
Access path:
2) Select the item “Measurements “ and press key “ENT” to enter, and then
4) Press key “ENT” to display corresponding measurement values as below on the LCD.
These displayed phase angles of three-phase current and three-phase voltage are based on
phase A voltage.
Phase angle of (Ia1, Ib1, Ic1) (Only displayed for two circuit breakers configuration with two
groups of CTs, for example, one and a half breakers arrangement)
Phase angle of (Ia2, Ib2, Ic2) (Only displayed for two circuit breakers configuration with two
groups of CTs, for example, one and a half breakers arrangement)
1 Ang(Ua) Phase angle of A-phase voltage (Ua), it is taken as reference (i.e. zero degree)
Phase angle difference for B-phase voltage (Ub) relative to the reference voltage
2 Ang(Ub)
(A-phase voltage (Ua))
Phase angle difference for C-phase voltage (Uc) relative to the reference voltage
3 Ang(Uc)
(A-phase voltage (Ua))
Phase angle difference for A-phase current (Ia) relative to the reference voltage
5 Ang(Ia)
(A-phase voltage (Ua))
Phase angle difference for B-phase current (Ib) relative to the reference voltage
6 Ang(Ib)
(A-phase voltage (Ua))
Phase angle difference for C-phase current (Ic) relative to the reference voltage
7 Ang(Ic)
(A-phase voltage (Ua))
Phase angle difference for A-phase current (Ia of CT1 for CB1) relative to the reference
8 Ang(Ia1)
voltage (A-phase voltage (Ua))
Phase angle difference for B-phase current (Ib of CT1 for CB1) relative to the reference
9 Ang(Ib1)
voltage (A-phase voltage (Ua))
Phase angle difference for C-phase current (Ic of CT1 for CB1) relative to the reference
10 Ang(Ic1)
voltage (A-phase voltage (Ua))
Phase angle difference for A-phase current (Ia of CT2 for CB2) relative to the reference
11 Ang(Ia2)
voltage (A-phase voltage (Ua))
Phase angle difference for B-phase current (Ib of CT2 for CB2) relative to the reference
12 Ang(Ib2)
voltage (A-phase voltage (Ua))
Phase angle difference for C-phase current (Ic of CT2 for CB2) relative to the reference
13 Ang(Ic2)
voltage (A-phase voltage (Ua))
Access path:
2) Select the item “Measurements “ and press key “ENT” to enter, and then
4) Press key “ENT” to display corresponding measurement values as below on the LCD.
The primary value of A-phase current of CT1 for CB1 (Only displayed for two
11 LineBAY_Ia1 A
circuit breakers configuration with two groups of CTs)
The primary value of B-phase current of CT1 for CB1 (Only displayed for two
12 LineBAY_Ib1 A
circuit breakers configuration with two groups of CTs)
The primary value of C-phase current of CT1 for CB1 (Only displayed for two
13 LineBAY_Ic1 A
circuit breakers configuration with two groups of CTs)
The primary value of A-phase current of CT2 for CB2 (Only displayed for two
14 LineBAY_Ia2 A
circuit breakers configuration with two groups of CTs)
The primary value of B-phase current of CT2 for CB2 (Only displayed for two
15 LineBAY_Ib2 A
circuit breakers configuration with two groups of CTs)
The primary value of C-phase current of CT2 for CB2 (Only displayed for two
16 LineBAY_Ic2 A
circuit breakers configuration with two groups of CTs)
5.2 Recording
5.2.1 Overview
PCS-902 provides the following recording functions:
1. Event recording
2. Disturbance recording
3. Present recording
All the recording information except waveform can be viewed on local LCD or by printing.
Waveform could only be printed or extracted with PCS-Explorer software tool and a waveform
analysis software.
The device can store the latest 1024 disturbance records, 1024 binary events, 1024 supervision
events and 1024 device logs. All the records are stored in non-volatile memory, and when the
available space is exhausted, the oldest record is automatically overwritten by the latest one.
When any protection element operates or drops off, such as fault detector, distance protection etc.,
they will be logged in event records.
The device is under automatic supervision all the time. If there are any failure or abnormal
condition detected, such as, chip damaged, VT circuit failure and so on, it will be logged in event
records.
When there is a binary input is energized or de-energized, i.e., its state has changed from “0” to “1”
or from “1” to “0”, it will be logged in event records.
When the total number of control command records reaches 256, “Control_Logs” memory area
will be full. If the device receives a new control command now, the oldest control command record
will be deleted, and then the latest control command record will be stored and displayed.
If an operator implements some operations on the device, such as reboot protective device,
modify setting, etc., they will be logged in event records.
Disturbance records can be used to have a better understanding of the behavior of the power
network and related primary and secondary equipment during and after a disturbance. Analysis of
the recorded data provides valuable information that can be used to improve existing equipment.
This information can also be used when planning for and designing new installations.
5.2.3.2 Design
A disturbance record consists of fault record and fault waveform. A disturbance record is initiated
by fault detector element.
The device can store up to 64 disturbance records with waveform in non-volatile memory. It is
based on first in first out queue that the oldest disturbance record will be overwritten by the latest
one.
1. Sequence number
Each operation will be recorded with a sequence number in the record and displayed on LCD
screen.
The time resolution is 1ms using the relay internal clock synchronized via clock synchronized
device if connected. The date and time is recorded when a system fault is detected.
An operating time (not including the operating time of output relays) is recorded in the record.
4. Faulty phase
5. Fault location
To get accurate result of fault location, the following settings shall be set correctly:
6. Protection elements
MON module can store 64 pieces of fault waveform oscillogram in non-volatile memory. If a new
fault occurs when 64 fault waveform have been stored, the oldest will be overwritten by the latest
one.
Each fault record consists of all analog and digital quantities related to protection, such as original
current and voltage, differential current, alarm elements, and binary inputs and etc.
Each time recording includes 12-cycle pre-fault waveform, and 250 cycles at least and 500 cycles
at most can be recorded.
Each time recording includes 12-cycle waveform before triggering, and 250 cycles at most can be
recorded.
6 Hardware
Table of Contents
6 Hardware ......................................................................................... 6-a
6.1 Overview .......................................................................................................... 6-1
6.2 Typical Wiring .................................................................................................. 6-4
6.2.1 Conventional CT/VT (For reference only) ........................................................................... 6-4
6.3.4 DSP Plug-in Module (Fault Detector and Protection Calculation) .................................... 6-24
List of Figures
Figure 6.1-1 Rear view of fixed module position ..................................................................... 6-1
Figure 6.3-9 View of AI plug-in module for one CT group input........................................... 6-17
Figure 6.3-12 View of AI plug-in module for two CT group input ......................................... 6-20
Figure 6.3-15 View of AI plug-in module for two CT group input ......................................... 6-22
Table of Tables
Table 6.3-1 Terminal definition and description of PWR plug-in module ............................ 6-10
6.1 Overview
PCS-902 adopts 64-bit microchip processor CPU produced by FREESCALE as control core for
management and monitoring function, meanwhile, adopts high-speed digital signal processor DSP
for all the protection calculation. 24 points are sampled in every cycle and parallel processing of
sampled data can be realized in each sampling interval to ensure ultrahigh reliability and safety of
the device.
PCS-902 is comprised of intelligent plug-in modules, except that few particular plug-in modules’
position cannot be changed in the whole device (gray plug-in modules as shown in Figure 6.1-1),
other plug-in modules like AI (analog input) and IO (binary input and binary output) can be flexibly
configured in the remaining slot positions.
MON module
PWR module
DSP module
CH Module
BO module
BO module
BO module
BO module
AI module
BI module
BI module
Slot No.
01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 P1
PCS-902 has 16 slots, PWR plug-in module, MON plug-in module, DSP plug-in module and CH
plug-in module are assigned at fixed slots.
Besides 4 fixed modules are shown in above figure, there are 12 slots can be flexibly configured.
AI plug-in module, BI plug-in module and BO plug-in module can be configured at position
between slot 02, 03 and 06~15. It should be pay attention that AI plug-in module will occupy two
slots.
This device is developed on the basis of our latest software and hardware platform, and the new
platform major characteristics are of high reliability, networking and great capability in
anti-interference. See Figure 6.1-2 for hardware diagram.
Output Relay
Binary Input
External
Protection
Conventional CT/VT A/D Calculation
DSP
ECVT
Fault
A/D Detector Pickup
DSP Relay
ECVT
ETHERNET
LCD +E
Clock SYN
Power
Uaux LED CPU
Supply
RJ45
Keypad
PRINT
The working process of the device is as shown in above figure: current and voltage from
conventional CT/VT are converted into small voltage signal and sent to DSP module after filtered
and A/D conversion for protection calculation and fault detector respectively (ECVT signal is sent
to the device without small signal and A/D convertion). When DSP module completes all the
protection calculation, the result will be recorded in 64-bit CPU on MON module. DSP module
carries out fault detector, protection logic calculation, tripping output, and MON module perfomes
SOE (sequence of event) record, waveform recording, printing, communication between the
device and SAS and communication between HMI and CPU. When fault detector detects a fault
and picks up, positive power supply for output relay is provided.
The items can be flexibly configured depending on the situations like sampling method of the
device (conventional CT/VT or ECT/EVT), and the mode of binary output (conventional binary
output or GOOSE binary output). The configurations for PCS-900 series based on microcomputer
are classified into standard and optional modules.
MON module provides functions like communication with SAS, event record, setting
management etc.
AI module converts AC current and voltage from current transformers and voltage
transformers respectively to small voltage signal.
DSP module performs filtering, sampling, protection calculation and fault detector calculation.
CH module performs information exchange with the remote device through a dedicated
optical fibre channel, multiplex optical fibre channel or PLC channel.
BI module provides binary inputs via opto-couplers with rating voltage among
24V/110V/125V/220V/250V (configurable).
BO module provides output contacts for tripping, and signal output contact for annunciation
signal, remote signal, fault and disturbance signal, operation abnormal signal etc.
PWR module converts DC 250/220/125/110V into various DC voltage levels for modules of
the device.
HMI module is comprised of LCD, keypad, LED indicators and multiplex RJ45 ports for user
as human-machine interface.
NET-DSP module receives and sends GOOSE messages, sampled values (SV) from
merging unit by IEC61850-9-2 protocol.
PCS-902 series is made of a 4U height 19” chassis for flush mounting. Components mounted on
its front include a 320×240 dot matrix LCD, a 9 button keypad, 20 LED indicators and a multiplex
RJ45 port. A monolithic micro controller is installed in the equipment for these functions.
1 11
HEALTHY PCS-902
2 12
ALARM
3 13
4 14
GRP
5 15
6 16 ENT
ESC
7 17
8 18
9 19
10 20
20 LED indicators are, from top to bottom, operation (HEALTHY), self-supervision (ALARM),
others are configurable.
For the 9-button keypad, “ENT” is “enter”, “GRP” is “group number” and “ESC” is “escape”.
NR1102 NR1401 NR1161 NR1213 NR1504 NR1504 NR1521 NR1521 NR1521 NR1521 NR1301
5V OK ALM
TX
BO_ALM BO_FAIL
RX
ON
TX
OFF
RX
DANGER
1 BO_COM1
2 BO_FAIL
3 BO_ALM
4 BO_COM2
5 BO_FAIL
6 BO_ALM
7 OPTO+
8 OPTO-
9
10 PWR+
11 PWR-
12 GND
PWR module
DSP module
CH Module
BO module
BO module
BO module
AI module
BI module
Slot No.
01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 P1
…
CH-TX
…
0203
0204 Ib BI_12 + 0814
0205
To parallel line Ic Not used 0815
0206
0207 BI_13 + 0816
From parallel line 0208 IM0
…
0213
Protection Voltage
BO_02
element
UB1 1104
0220
1105
0221 BO_03
UL2 1106
0222
…
0223 1121
0224 UB2 BO_11 1122
PWR- P111
1203
OPTO+ P107 BO_02
Power supply for 1204
opto-coupler (24V) P108 1205
OPTO-
BO_03 1206
P101 BO_FAIL
…
A 0101 BO_02
cable with single point earthing
1304
To the screen of other coaxial
B 0102
COM
1305
SGND 0103 BO_03 1306
0104 1307
BO_04 1308
SYN+ 0101
Clock SYN
RTS 0105
PRINT
PCS-902 (conventional CT/VT and conventional binary input and binary output)
Slot No. 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 P1
Module ID NR1102 NR1401 NR1161 NR1213 NR1504 NR1504 NR1521 NR1521 NR1521 NR1521 NR1301
PCS-902 (conventional CT/VT and GOOSE binary input and binary output)
Slot No. 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 P1
PWR module
DSP module
CH Module
BO module
BO module
BI module
Slot No.
01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 P1
terminal
CH-RX BI_03 + 0805
…
BI_11 + 0821
Phase A RX
1103
BO_02
element
1104
1105
BO_03 1106
…
PWR+ P110
External DC power Power 1121
supply P111 Supply BO_11 1122
PWR-
OPTO+ P107
Power supply for
1201
opto-coupler (24V) P108
OPTO- BO_01 1202
P101 1203
Signal Binary Output (option)
BO_FAIL
P102 BO_02 1204
BO_ALM
P103 COM 1205
P104 BO_03 1206
BO_FAIL
P105 BO_ALM 1207
P106 BO_04 1208
COM
…
A 0101 1221
BO_11 1222
B 0102
COM
cable with single point earthing
To the screen of other coaxial
0225
SYN- 0102 Grounding
SGND 0103 Bus
0104
PRINTER
RTS 0105
PRINT
IRIG-B
TXD 0106
Multiplex
SGND 0107 RJ45 (Front)
Slot No. 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 P1
Slot No. 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 P1
Module ID NR1102 NR1161 NR1213 NR1136 NR1504 NR1504 NR1521 NR1521 NR1521 NR1521 NR1301
NET-
MON DSP CH BI BI BO BO BO BO PWR
DSP
In the protection system adopting electronic current and voltage transformer (ECT/EVT), the
merging unit will merge the sample data from ECT/EVT, and then send it to the device through
multi-mode optical fibre. DSP module receives the data from merging unit through the optical-fibre
interface to complete the protection calculation and fault detector.
The difference between the hardware platform based on ECT/EVT and the hardware platform
based on conventional CT/VT lies in the receiving module of sampled values only, and the device
receives the sampled value from merging unit through multi-mode optical fibre.
6.2.3 CT Requirement
-Rated primary current Ipn:
-Rated short-time thermal current Ith and rated dynamic current Idyn:
Performance verification
k stability factor = 2
Protective checking factor current (amps)
Ipcf
Same as the maximum prospective fault current
Isn Rated secondary current (amps)
Rct Current transformer secondary winding resistance. (ohms)
Real resistance burden (ohms)
Rb
Rb=Rr+2×RL+Rc
Rc Contact resistance, 0.05-0.1 ohm (ohms)
RL Resistance of a single lead from relay to current transformer (ohms)
Rr Impedance of relay phase current input (ohms)
Ipn Rated primary current (amps)
For example:
= 30×5×(1+60/25)=510V
Esl′ = 2×Ipcf×Isn×(Rct+Rb)/Ipn
= 2×Ipcf ×Isn×(Rct+(Rr+2×RL+Rc))/Ipn
= 2×40000×5×(1+(0.1+2×0.5+0.1))/2000=440V
The +3.3V DC output provides power supply for the microchip processors, and the +5V DC output
provides power supply for all the electrical elements that need +5V DC power supply in this device.
The ±12V DC output provides power supply for A/D conversion circuits in this device, and the
+24V DC output provides power supply for the static relays of this device.
The use of an external miniature circuit breaker is recommended. The miniature circuit breaker
must be in the on position when the device is in operation and in the off position when the device is
in cold reserve.
A 12-pin connector is fixed on PWR module. The terminal definition of the connector is described
as below.
NR1301
5V OK ALM
BO_ALM BO_FAIL
ON
OFF
1 BO_COM1
2 BO_FAIL
3 BO_ALM
4 BO_COM2
5 BO_FAIL
6 BO_ALM
7 OPTO+
8 OPTO-
9
10 PWR+
11 PWR-
12 GND
01
BO_FAIL
02
BO_ALM
03
04
BO_FAIL
05
BO_ALM
06
Note!
The standard rated voltage of PWR module is self-adaptive to 88~300 Vdc. If input voltage
is out of range, an alarm signal (Fail_Device) will be issued. For non-standard rated
voltage power supply module please specify when place order, and check if the rated
voltage of power supply module is the same as the voltage of power source before the
device being put into service.
PWR module provides terminal 12 and grounding screw for device grounding. Terminal 12
shall be connected to grounding screw and then connected to the earth copper bar of
panel via dedicated grounding wire.
Effective grounding is the most important measure for a device to prevent EMI, so effective
grounding must be ensured before the device is put into service.
PCS-902, like almost all electronic relays, contains electrolytic capacitors. These
capacitors are well known to be subject to deterioration over time if voltage is not applied
periodically. Deterioration can be avoided by powering the relays up once a year.
MON module uses the internal bus to receive the data from other modules of the device. It
communicates with the LCD module by RS-485 bus. This module comprises 100BaseT Ethernet
interfaces, RS-485 communication interfaces that exchange information with above system by
using IEC 61850, PPS/IRIG-B differential time synchronization interface and RS-232 printing
interface.
Modules with various combinations of memory and interface are available as shown in the table
below.
TX TX
ETHERNET ETHERNET ETHERNET ETHERNET ETHERNET
RX RX
TX TX
RX RX
ETHERNET ETHERNET
05 RTS
RS-232 06 TXD To printer Cable
07 SGND
4 RJ45 Ethernet To SCADA
01 SYN+
02 SYN- To clock Twisted pair wire
RS-485
03 SGND synchronization
NR1102D 128M DDR
04
05 RTS
RS-232 06 TXD To printer Cable
07 SGND
2 RJ45 Ethernet To SCADA Twisted pair wire
2 FO Ethernet To SCADA Optical fibre SC
01 SYN+
02 SYN- To clock
RS-485 Twisted pair wire
NR1102H 128M DDR 03 SGND synchronization
04
05 RTS
RS-232 06 TXD To printer Cable
07 SGND
2 RJ45 Ethernet To SCADA Twisted pair wire
2 FO Ethernet To SCADA Optical fibre ST
01 SYN+
02 SYN- To clock
RS-485 Twisted pair wire
NR1102I 128M DDR 03 SGND synchronization
04
05 RXD
RS-232 06 TXD To printer Cable
07 SGND
2 RJ45 Ethernet To SCADA
01 A
02 B
RS-485 To SCADA
03 SGND
04
05 A
06 B Twisted pair wire
NR1101E 128M DDR RS-485 To SCADA
07 SGND
08
09 SYN+
10 SYN- To clock
RS-485
11 SGND synchronization
12
RS-232 13 RTS To printer Cable
14 TXD
15 SGND
16
The correct connection is shown in Figure 6.3-4. Generally, the shielded cable with two pairs of
twisted pairs inside shall be applied. One pair of the twisted pairs are respectively used to connect
the “+” and “–” terminals of difference signal. The other pair of twisted pairs are used to connect
the signal ground of the communication interface. The module reserves a free terminal for all the
communication ports. The free terminal has no connection with any signal of the device, and it is
used to connect the external shields of the cable when connecting multiple devices in series. The
external shield of the cable shall be grounded at one of the ends only.
B 02
COM
cable with single point earthing
To the screen of other coaxial
SGND 03
04
Clock SYN
SYN- 02
SGND 03
04
Cable
RTS 05 PRINT
TXD 06
SGND 07
For AI module, if the plug is not put in the socket, external CT circuit is closed itself. Just shown as
below.
Plug
Socket
In
Out
In
Out
There are two types of AI module with rating 5 A or 1 A. Please declare which kind of AI module is
needed before ordering. Maximum linear range of the current converter is 40In.
For one CT group input, three phase currents (Ia, Ib and Ic) and residula current from parallel line
(for mutual compensation) are input to AI module separately. Terminal 01, 03, 05 and 07 are
polarity marks. It is assumed that polarity mark of CT installed on line is at line side.
Three phase voltages (Ua, Ub, and Uc) for protection calculation and one synchronism are input to
AI module. The synchronism voltage could be any phase-to-ground voltage or phase-to-phase
voltage.
If the auto-reclosing is enabled but synchronism check is not required, the synchronism voltage
should be disconnected.
P2 S2 P2 S2
P1 S1 P1 S1
02 01 02 01
04 03 04 03
06 05 06 05
08 07 08 07
Relevant description about parallel line to refer to “Section 3.25 Fault Location”.
13 14
15 16
17 18
19 20
13 14
15 16
17 18
19 20
NR1401
Ia 01 Ian 02
Ib 03 Ibn 04
Ic 05 Icn 06
IM0 07 IM0n 08
09 10
11 12
Ua 13 Uan 14
Ub 15 Ubn 16
Uc 17 Ucn 18
Us 19 Usn 20
21 22
23 24
For two circuit breakers configuration with two CT groups input, three phase currents
corresponding to CB1 and CB2 respectively (Ia1, Ib1, Ic1 and Ia2, Ib2, Ic2) are input to AI module.
Terminal 01, 03, 05, 07, 09 and 11 are polarity marks. It is assumed that polarity mark of CT
installed on line is at line side.
Three phase voltages (Ua, Ub, and Uc) are input to AI module. UB1, UB2 and UL2 are the
synchronism voltage from bus VT and line VT used for synchrocheck, it could be any
phase-to-ground voltage or phase-to-phase voltage. The device can automatically switch
synchronism voltage according to auxiliary contact of CB position or DS position.
If the auto-reclosing is enabled but synchronism check is not required, the synchronism voltage
should be disconnected.
P2 P1 P1 P2 A
S2 S1 S1 S2 C
02 01
04 03
06 05
08 07
10 09
12 11
A B C A B C
13 14
15 16
17 18
19 20
21 22
23 24
NR1401
Ia1 01 Ia1n 02
Ib1 03 Ib1n 04
Ic1 05 Ic1n 06
Ia2 07 Ia2n 08
Ib2 09 Ib2n 10
Ic2 11 Ic2n 12
Ua 13 Uan 14
Ub 15 Ubn 16
Uc 17 Ucn 18
UB1 19 UB1n 20
UL2 21 UL2n 22
UB2 23 UB2n 24
For two circuit breakers configuration with two CT groups input, three phase currents
corresponding to CB1 and CB2 respectively (Ia1, Ib1, Ic1 and Ia2, Ib2, Ic2), and residula current
from parallel line (for mutual compensation) are input to AI module. Terminal 01, 03, 05, 07, 09, 11
and 13 are polarity marks. It is assumed that polarity mark of CT installed on line is at line side.
Three phase voltages (Ua, Ub, and Uc) for protection calculation and one synchronism are input to
AI module. The synchronism voltage could be any phase-to-ground voltage or phase-to-phase
voltage.
If the auto-reclosing is enabled but synchronism check is not required, the synchronism voltage
should be disconnected.
P2 P1 P1 P2 A
S2 S1 S1 S2 C
02 01
04 03
06 05
08 07
10 09
12 11
To parallel line
14 13
From parallel line
A B C A B C
15 16
17 18
19 20
21 22
23 24
NR1401
Ia1 01 Ia1n 02
Ib1 03 Ib1n 04
Ic1 05 Ic1n 06
Ia2 07 Ia2n 08
Ib2 09 Ib2n 10
Ic2 11 Ic2n 12
IM0 13 IM0n 14
Ua 15 Uan 16
Ub 17 Ubn 18
Uc 19 Ucn 20
Us 21 Usn 22
23 24
NR1161
When the module is connected with conventional CT/VT, it can perform the synchronous data
acquisition through AI plug-in module. When the module is connected with ECT/EVT, it can
receive the real-time synchronous sampled value from merging unit through NET-DSP plug-in
module.
NR1136A NR1136C
RX
This module consists of high-performance DSP (digital signal processor), 2~8 100Mbit/s
optical-fibre interface (LC type) and selectable IRIG-B interface (ST type). It supports GOOSE and
SV by IEC 61850-9-2 protocols. It can receive and send GOOSE messages to intelligent control
device, and receive SV from MU (merging unit).
This module supports IEEE1588 network time protocol, E2E and P2P defined in IEEE1588
protocol can be selected. This module supports Ethernet IEEE802.3 time adjustment message
format, UDP time adjustment message format and GMRP.
TX TX TX TX
RX RX RX RX
TX TX
RX RX TX1 TX1
RX1 RX1
TX1
RX1
PCS-902 series can exchange information with the device at the remote end through a dedicated
optical fibre channel or multiplex channel. The module transmits and receives optical signal using
FC/PC or ST optical connector.
Note!
When using dedicated optical fibre channel, if the transmission distance is longer than
50km, the transmitted power may be enchanced to ensure received power larger than
receiving sensitivity. Please notify supplier before ordering and it will be considered as
special project using 1550nm laser diode.
When using multiplex channel, the sending power of the device is fixed.
When using channel multiplexing equipment, the parameters are shown as follows:
1. The routine of both direction shall be same to each other, so the time delays of both direction
are the same.
2. The maximum one-way channel propagation delay shall be less than 15 ms.
Each BI module is with a 22-pin connector for 11 binary inputs (NR1503) or 18 binary inputs
(NR1504).
For NR1503, each binary input has independent negative power input of opto-coupler, and can be
configurable. The terminal definition of the connector of BI plug-in module is described as below.
[BI_n] (n=01, 02,…,11 can be configured as a specified binary input by PCS-Explorer software.)
NR1503
BI_01 01
Opto01- 02
BI_02 03
Opto02- 04
BI_03 05
Opto03- 06
BI_04 07
Opto04- 08
BI_05 09
Opto05- 10
BI_06 11
Opto06- 12
BI_07 13
Opto07- 14
BI_08 15
Opto08- 16
BI_09 17
Opto09- 18
BI_10 19
Opto10- 20
BI_11 21
Opto11- 22
For NR1504, all binary inputs share one common negative power input, and can be configurable.
The terminal definition of the connector of BI plug-in module is described as below. [BI_n] (n=01,
02,…,18 can be configured as a specified binary input by PCS-Explorer software.)
NR1504
Opto+ 01
BI_01 02
BI_02 03
BI_03 04
BI_04 05
BI_05 06
BI_06 07
08
BI_07 09
BI_08 10
BI_09 11
BI_10 12
BI_11 13
BI_12 14
15
BI_13 16
BI_14 17
BI_15 18
BI_16 19
BI_17 20
BI_18 21
COM- 22
Terminal description for NR 1503 and NR1504 are shown as follows respectively.
1. NR1503
2. NR1504
First four binary signals (BI_01, BI_02, BI_03, BI_04) in first BI plug-in module are fixed, they are
[BI_TimeSyn], [BI_Print], [BI_Maintenance] and [BI_RstTarg] respectively.
It is used to receive clock synchronization signal from clock synchronization device, the binary
input [BI_TimeSyn] will change from “0” to “1” once pulse signal is received. When the device
adopts “Conventional” mode as clock synchronization mode (refer to “Section 7.1 Communication
Settings”), the device can receives PPM (pulse per minute) and PPS (pulse per second). If the
setting [Opt_TimeSyn] is set as other values, this binary input is invalid.
It is used to manually trigger printing latest report when the equipment is configured as manual
printing mode by logic setting [En_AutoPrint]=0. The printer button is located on the panel usually.
If the equipment is configured as automatic printing mode ([En_AutoPrint]=1), report will be printed
automatically as soon as it is formed.
It is used to block communication export when this binary input is energized. During device
maintenance or testing, this binary input is then energized not to send reports via communication
port, local display and printing still work as usual. This binary input should be de-energized when
the device is restored back to normal.
The application of the binary input [BI_Maintenance] for digital substation communication adopting
IEC61850 protocol is given as follows.
a) The protection device should send the state of this binary input to client.
b) When this binary input is energized, the bit “Test” of quality (Q) in the sent message changes
to “1”.
c) When this binary input is energized, the client cannot control the isolator link and circuit
breaker, modify settings and switch setting group remotely.
d) According to the value of the bit “Test” of quality (Q) in the message sent, the client
discriminate whether this message is maintenance message, and then deal with it correspondingly.
If the message is the maintenance message, the content of the message will not be displayed on
real-time message window, audio alarm not issued, but the picture is refreshed so as to ensure
that the state of the picture is in step with the actual state. The maintenance message will be
stored, and can be inquired, in independent window.
a) When this binary input is energized, the bit “Test” in the GOOSE message sent by the
protection device changes to “1”.
b) For the receiving end of GOOSE message, it will compare the value of the bit “Test” in the
GOOSE message received by it with the state of its own binary input (i..e [BI_Maintenance]), the
message will be thought as invalid unless they are conformable.
a) When this binary input of merging unit is energized, the bit “Test” of quality (Q) of sampling
data in the SV message sent change “1”.
b) For the receiving end of SV message, if the value of bit “Test” of quality (Q) of sampling data
in the SV message received is “1”, the relevant protection functions will be disabled, but under
maintenance state, the protection device should calculate and display the magnitude of sampling
data.
c) For duplicated protection function configurations, all merging units of control module
configured to receive sampling should be also duplicated. Both dual protection devices and dual
merging units should be fully independent each other, and one of them is in maintenance state will
not affect the normal operation of the other.
It is used to reset latching signal relay and LCD displaying. The reset is done by pressing a button
on the panel.
Note!
The rated voltage of binary input is optional: 24V, 48V, 110V, 125V, 220V or 250V, which
must be specified when placed order. It is necessary to check whether the rated voltage of
BI module complies with site DC supply rating before put the relay in service.
01
BO_01
NR1521A 02
03
BO_02
04
05
BO_03
06
07
BO_04
08
09
BO_05
10
11
BO_06
12
13
BO_07
14
15
BO_08
16
17
BO_09
18
19
BO_10
20
21
BO_11
22
01
BO_01
NR1521C 02
03
BO_02
04
05
BO_03
06
07
BO_04
08
09
BO_05
10
11
BO_06
12
13
BO_07
14
15
BO_08
16
17
BO_09
18
19
BO_10
20
21
BO_11
22
NR1521G can provide 11 output contacts without controlled by fault detector. The first four output
contacts are in parallel with instantaneous operating contacts which are recommended to be
configured as fast signaling contacts to send PLC signal.
01
BO_01
NR1521G 02
03
BO_02
04
05
BO_03
06
07
BO_04
08
09
BO_05
10
11
BO_06
12
13
BO_07
14
15
BO_08
16
17
BO_09
18
19
BO_10
20
21
BO_11
22
7 Settings
Table of Contents
7 Settings ........................................................................................... 7-a
7.1 Communication Settings ................................................................................ 7-1
7.1.1 Setting Description............................................................................................................... 7-2
Table of Tables
Table 7.1-1 Communication settings ......................................................................................... 7-1
The device has some setting groups for protection to coordinate with the mode of power system
operation, one of which is assigned to be active. However, equipment parameters are common for
all protection setting groups.
Note!
All current settings in this chapter are secondary current converted from primary current by
CT ratio. Zero-sequence current or voltage setting is configured according to 3I0 or 3U0
and negative sequence current setting according to I2 or U2.
9 IP_LAN4 000.000.000.000~255.255.255.255
10 Mask_LAN4 000.000.000.000~255.255.255.255
11 En_LAN4 0 or 1
12 Gateway 000.000.000.000~255.255.255.255
13 En_Broadcast 0 or 1
14 Addr_RS485A 0~255
16 Protocol_RS485A 0, 1 or 2
17 Addr_RS485B 0~255
19 Protocol_RS485B 0, 1 or 2
20 Threshold_Measmt 0~100%
21 Period_Measmt 0~65535s
22 Format_Measmt 0, 1
23 Baud_Printer 4800,9600,19200,38400,57600,115200 (bps)
24 En_AutoPrint 0 or 1
Conventional
SAS
25 Opt_TimeSyn
Advanced
NoTImeSyn
IP address of Ethernet port 1, Ethernet port 2, Ethernet port 3 and Ethernet port 4
Subnet mask of Ethernet port 1, Ethernet port 2, Ethernet port 3 and Ethernet port 4
They are used for Ethernet communication based on the IEC 60870-5-103 protocol. When the IEC
61850 protocol is applied, the IP address of Ethernet A will be GOOSE source MAC address.
4. Gateway
5. En_Broadcast
This setting is only used only for IEC 60870-5-103 protocol. If NR network IEC 60870-5-103
protocol is used, the setting must be set as “1”.
6. Addr_RS485A, Addr_RS485B
They are the device′s communication address used to communicate with the SCADA or RTU via
serial ports (port A and port B).
7. Baud_RS485A, Baud_RS485B
8. Protocol_RS485A, Protocol_RS485B
1: Reserved
2: Modbus Protocol
Note!
Above table listed all the communication settings, the device delivered to the user maybe
only show some settings of them according to the communication interface configuration.
If only the Ethernet ports are applied, the settings about the serial ports (port A and port B)
are not listed in this submenu. And the settings about the Ethernet ports only listed in this
submenu according to the actual number of Ethernet ports.
The standard arrangement of the Ethernet port is two, at most four (predetermined when
ordering). Set the IP address according to actual arrangement of Ethernet numbers and
the un-useful port/ports need not be configured. If PCS-Explorer configuration tool
auxiliary software is connected with this device through the Ethernet, the IP address of the
PCS-Explorer must be set as one of the available IP address of this device.
9. Threshold_Measmt
10. Period_Measmt
The time period for equipment sends measurement data to SCADA through IEC 60870-5-103
protocol.
11. Format_Measmt
The setting is used to select the format of measurement data sent to SCADA through IEC
60870-5-103 protocol.
1: GDD data type through IEC103 protocol is 7, i.e. 754 short real number of IEEE standard
12. Baud_Printer
13. En_AutoPrint
If automatic print is required for fault report after protection operating, it is set as “1”. Otherwise, it
should be set to “0”.
14. Opt_TimeSyn
There are four selections for clock synchronization of device, shown as follows.
Conventional
PPS (RS-485): Pulse per second (PPS) via RS-485 differential level
PPM (DIN): Pulse per minute (PPM) via the binary input [BI_TimeSyn]
PPS (DIN): Pulse per second (PPS) via the binary input [BI_TimeSyn]
SAS
Advanced
PPS (Fiber) PPS: Pulse per second (PPS) via optical-fibre interface
NoTimeSync
When no time synchronization signal is connected to the device, please select this option and the
alarm message [Alm_TimeSync] will not be issued anymore.
“Conventional” mode and “SAS” mode are always be supported by the device, but “Advanced”
mode is only supported when NET-DSP module is equipped. The alarm signal [Alm_TimeSyn]
may be issued to remind user loss of time synchronization signals.
1) When “SAS” is selected, if there is no conventional clock synchronization signal, the device
will not send the alarm signal [Alm_TimeSyn]. When “Conventional” mode is selected, if there
is no conventional clock synchronization signal, “SAS” mode will be enabled automatically
with the alarm signal [Alm_TimeSyn] issued simultaneously.
3) When “NoTimeSyn” mode is selected, the device will not send alarm signals without time
synchronization signal. But the device can be still synchronized if receiving time
synchronization signal.
Note!
The clock message via IEC 60870-5-103 protocol is invalid when the device receives the
IRIG-B signal through RCS-485 port.
15. IP_Server_SNTP
It is the address of the SNTP time synchronization server which sends SNTP timing messages to
the relay or BCU.
If the IEC61850 protocol is adopted in substations, the time tags of communication messages are
required according to UTC (Universal Time Coordinated) time.
The setting [OffsetHour_UTC] is used to set the hour offset of the current time zone to the GMT
(Greenwich Mean Time) zone; for example, if a relay is applied in China, the time zone of China is
east 8th time zone, so this setting is set as “8”. The setting [OffsetMinute_UTC] is used to set the
minute offset of the current time zone to the GMT zone.
st nd rd th th
Time zone GMT zone East 1 East 2 East 3 East 4 East 5
Setting 0 1 2 3 4 5
th th th th th th
Time zone East 6 East 7 East 8 East 9 East 10 East 11
Setting 6 7 8 9 10 11
th st nd rd th th
Time zone East/West 12 West 1 West 2 West 3 West 4 West 5
Setting 12/-12 -1 -2 -3 -4 -5
th th th th th th
Time zone West 6 West 7 West 8 West 9 West 10 West 11
Setting -6 -7 -8 -9 -10 -11
1 Active_Grp 1~10
2 Opt_SysFreq 50 or 60 Hz
5 U2n 80~220 V
6 I1n 100~65500 A
7 I2n 1 or 5 A
The number of active setting group, 10 setting groups can be configured for protection settings,
and only one is active at a time.
2. PrimaryEquip_Name
It is recognized by the device automatically. Such setting is used for printing messages.
3. Opt_SysFreq
4. Un1
5. Un2
6. In1
7. In2
2. Opt_Caption_103
0: Current language
1: Fixed Chinese
2: Fixed English
Default value of [Opt_Caption_103] is 0 (i.e. current language), and please set it to 1 (i.e. Fixed
Chinese) if the SAS is supplied by China Manufacturer.
3. Bxx.Un_BinaryInput
This setting is used to set voltage level of binary input module. If low-voltage BI module is
equipped, 24V, 30V or 48V can be set according to the actual requirement, and if high-voltage BI
module is equipped, 110V, 125V or 220V can be set according to the actual requirement.
Table of Contents
8 Human Machine Interface .............................................................. 8-a
8.1 Overview .......................................................................................................... 8-1
8.1.1 Keypad Operation ................................................................................................................ 8-2
List of Figures
Figure 8.1-1 Front panel.............................................................................................................. 8-1
Figure 8.1-4 Corresponding cable of the RJ45 port in the front panel .................................. 8-4
Figure 8.1-5 Rear view and terminal definition of NR1102C ................................................... 8-5
List of Tables
Table 8.1-1 Definition of the 8-core cable ................................................................................. 8-4
The operator can access the protective device from the front panel. Local communication with the
protective device is possible using a computer via a multiplex RJ45 port on the front panel.
Furthermore, remote communication is also possible using a PC with the substation automation
system via rear RS485 port or rear Ethernet port. The operator is able to check the protective
device status at any time.
This chapter describes human machine interface (HMI), and give operator a instruction about how
to display or print event report, setting and so on through HMI menu tree and display metering
value, including r.m.s. current, voltage and frequency etc. through LCD. Procedures to change
active setting group or a settable parameter value through keypad is also described in details.
Note!
“Measurement2” is used to display measured values from fault detector DSP (displayed
in secondary value)
8.1 Overview
The human-machine interface consists of a human-machine interface (HMI) module which allows
a communication to be as simple as possible for the user. The HMI module helps to draw your
attention to something that has occurred which may activate a LED or a report displayed on the
LCD. Operator can locate the data of interest by navigating the keypad.
1 11
HEALTHY PCS-902
2 12
5
ALARM
3 13
4 14
GRP
5 15
6 16 ENT
ESC
7 17
4
8 18
1
9 19
3
10 20
ENT
ESC
1. “ESC”:
2. “ENT”:
3. “GRP”
Page up/down
HEALTHY
ALARM
Steady Green Lit when the equipment is in service and ready for operation.
Note!
“HEALTHY” LED can only be turned on by energizing the device and no abnormality
detected.
“ALARM” LED is turned on when abnormalities of device occurs like above mentioned
and can be turned off after abnormalities are removed except alarm report [CTS.Alm]
which can only be reset only when the failure is removed and the device is rebooted or
re-energized.
Other LED indicators with no labels are configurable and user can configure them to be lit
by signals of operation element, alarm element and binary output contact according to
requirement through PCS-Explorer software, but as drawed in figure, 2 LEDs are fixed as
the signals of “HEALTHY” (green) and “ALARM” (yellow), 18 LEDs are configurable with
selectable color among green, yellow and red.
as well as a twisted-pair ethernet port. As shown in the following figure, a customized cable is
applied for debugging via this multiplex RJ45 port.
Figure 8.1-4 Corresponding cable of the RJ45 port in the front panel
P1: To connect the multiplex RJ45 port. An 8-core cable is applied here.
The definition of the 8-core cable in the above figure is introduced in the following table.
The Ethernet port can be used to communication with PC via auxiliary software (PCS-Explorer)
after connecting the protection device with PC, so as to fulfill on-line function (please refer to the
instruction manual of PCS-Explorer). At first, the connection between the protection device and PC
must be established. Through setting the IP address and subnet mask of corresponding Ethernet
interface in the menu “Settings→Device Setup→Comm Settings”, it should be ensured that the
protection device and PC are in the same network segment. For example, setting the IP address
and subnet mask of network A. (using network A to connect with PC)
The IP address and subnet mask of protection device should be [IP_LAN1]= 198.87.96.XXX,
[Mask_LAN1]=255.255.255.0, [En_LAN1]=1. (XXX can be any value from 0 to 255 except 102)
If the logic setting [En_LAN1] is non-available, it means that network A is always enabled.
NR1102C
ETHERNET
Network A
Network B
SYN+
SYN-
SGND
GND
RTS
TXD
SGND
Note!
If using other Ethernet port, for example, Ethernet B, the logic setting [En_LAN2] must be
set as “1”.
Press “▲” to enter the main menu with the interface as shown in the following diagram:
MainMenu
Language
Clock
Quick Menu
For the first powered protective device, there is no record in quick menu. Press “▲” to enter the
main menu with the interface as shown in the following diagram:
Measurements
Status
Records
Settings
Local Cmd
Information
Test
Clock
Language
The descriptions about menu is based on the maximized configuration, for a specific project, if
some function is not available, the corresponding submenu will hidden.
Main Menu
Measurements
Status
Records
Settings
Local Cmd
Information
Test
Clock
Language
Under the main interface, press “▲” to enter the main menu, and select submenu by pressing “▲”,
“▼” and “ENT”. The command menu adopts a tree shaped content structure. The above diagram
provides the integral structure and all main menus under menu tree of the protection device.
Main Menu
Measurements
Measurements1
Measurements2
Measurements3
This menu is used to display real-time measured values, including AC voltage, AC current, phase
angle and calculated quantities. These data can help users to acquaint the device′s status. This
menu comprises following submenus. Please refer to “section measurement” about the detailed
measured values.
secondary value)
8.2.3.2 Status
Main Menu
Status
Inputs
Contact Inputs
GOOSE Inputs
Prot Ch Inputs
Outputs
Contact Outputs
GOOSE Outputs
Prot Ch Outputs
Superv State
Prot Superv
FD Superv
GOOSE Superv
SV Superv
This menu is used to display real time input signals, output signals and alarm signals of the device.
These data can help users to acquaint the device′s status. This menu comprises following
submenus. Please refer to “section signal list” about the detailed inputs, output and alarm signals.
1 Contact Inputs Display states of binary inputs derived from opto-isolated channels
3 Prot Ch Inputs Display states of binary inputs received from protection channel.
1 Prot Superv Display states of self-supervision signals from protection calculation DSP
8.2.3.3 Records
Main Menu
Records
Disturb Records
Superv Events
IO Events
Device Logs
Control Logs
Clear Records
This menu is used to display all kinds of records, including the disturbance records, supervision
events, binary events and device logs, so that the operator can load to view and use as the
reference of analyzing accidents and repairing the device. All records are stored in non-volatile
memory, it can still record them even if it loses its power.
8.2.3.4 Settings
Main Menu
Settings
System Settings
Prot Settings
Logic Links
Function Links
GOOSE Links
SV Links
Spare Links
Device Setup
Device Settings
Comm Settings
Label Settings
Copy Settings
This menu is used to check the device setup, system parameters, protection settings and logic
links settings, as well as modifying any of the above setting items. Moreover, it can also execute
the setting copy between different setting groups.
Check or modify the logic links settings, including function links, SV links,
3 Logic Links
GOOSE links and spare links
6 Mho Dist Settings Check or modify distance protection with mho characteristic settings
7 Quad Dist Settings Check or modify distance protection with Quad characteristic settings
9 SOTF Settings Check or modify SOTF distance and overcurrent protection settings
11 VTF OC Settings Check or modify overcurrent protection settings for VT circuit failure
4 Spare Links Check or modify spare links settings (used for programmable logic)
3 Label Settings Check or modify the label settings of each protection element.
8.2.3.5 Print
Main Menu
Device Info
Settings
System Settings
Prot Settings
Logic Links
Function Links
GOOSE Links
SV Links
Spare Links
Device Setup
Device Settings
Comm Settings
Label Settings
All Settings
Latest Modified
Disturb Records
Superv Events
IO Events
Prot Ch Superv
Channel 1
Channel 2
Prot Ch Statistics
Channel 1
Channel 2
Device Status
Waveform
IEC103 Info
Cancel Print
This menu is used to print device description, settings, all kinds of records, waveform, information
related with IEC60870-5-103 protocol, channel state and channel statistic.
Print the statistic report of optical fibre channel, which is formed A.M.
7 Prot Ch Statistics
9:00 every day
Print the current state of the device, including the sampled value of
8 Device Status
voltage and current, the state of binary inputs, setting and so on
6 Mho Dist Settings Print distance protection with mho characteristic settings
7 Quad Dist Settings Print distance protection with Quad characteristic settings
4 Spare Links Print spare links settings (used for programmable logic)
Print the self-check information of optical fibre channel 1, which is made of some
1 Channel 1
hexadecimal characters and used to developer analyze channel state
Print the self-check information of optical fibre channel 2, which is made of some
2 Channel 2
hexadecimal characters and used to developer analyze channel state
Print the statistic report of optical fibre channel 1, which is formed A.M. 9:00 every
1 Channel 1
day
Print the statistic report of optical fibre channel 2, which is formed A.M. 9:00 every
2 Channel 2
day
Main Menu
Local Cmd
Reset Target
Trig Oscillograph
Download
Clear Counter
This menu is used to reset the tripping relay with latch, indicator LED, LCD display, and as same
as the resetting function of binary inputs. This menu provides a method of manually recording the
current waveform data of the device under normal condition for printing and uploading SAS.
Besides, it can send out the request of program download, clear statistic information about
GOOSE, SV, AR and FO channel.
1 Reset Target Reset the local signal, indicator LED, LCD display and so on
8.2.3.7 Information
Main Menu
Information
Version Info
Board Info
In this menu, the LCD displays software information of all kinds of intelligent plug-in modules,
which consists of version, creating time of software, CRC codes and management sequence
number. Besides, plug-in module information can also be viewed.
Display software information of DSP module, MON module and HMI module,
1 Version Info which consists of version, creating time of software, CRC codes and
management sequence number.
2 Board Info Monitor the current working state of each intelligent module.
8.2.3.8 Test
Main Menu
Test
Prot Ch Counter
Ch1 Counter
Ch2 Counter
SV Comm Counter
AR Counter
Device Test
Prot Elements
All Test
Select Test
Superv Events
All Test
Select Test
IO Events
All Test
Select Test
This menu is mainly used for developers to debug the program and for engineers to maintain the
protection device. It can be used to fulfill the communication test function. It is also used to
generate all kinds of reports or events to transmit to the SAS without any external input, so as to
debug the communication on site. Besides, it can also display statistic information about GOOSE,
SV, AR and FO channel.
View the relevant information about disturbance records (only used for
1 Protection Elements
debugging persons)
View the relevant information about supervision events (only used for
2 Superv Events
debugging persons)
View the relevant information about binary events (only used for debugging
3 IO Events
persons)
Users can respectively execut the test automatically or manually by selecting commands “All Test”
or “Select Test”.
8.2.3.9 Clock
The current time of internal clock can be viewed here. The time is displayed in the form
YY-MM-DD and hh:mm:ss. All values are presented with digits and can be modified.
8.2.3.10 Language
Under normal condition, the LCD will display the following interface. The LCD adopts white color
as its backlight that is activated if once there is any keyboard operation, and is extinguished
automatically after 60 seconds of no operation.
2010-06-08 10:10:00
Ia 0.00A
Ib 0.00A
Ic 0.00A
3I0 0.00A
Ua 0.02V
Ub 0.00V
Uc 0.00V
3U0 0.02V
UB1 0.00V
UL2 0.00V
UB2 0.00V
f_Line 50.00Hz
The content displayed on the screen contains: the current date and time of the protection device
(with a format of yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss:), the active setting group number, the three-phase
current sampling value, the neutral current sampling value, the three-phase voltage sampling
value, the neutral voltage sampling value, the synchronism voltage sampling value, line frequency
and the address relevant to IP address of Ethernet A. If all the sampling values of the voltage and
the current can’t be fully displayed within one screen, they will be scrolling-displayed automatically
from the top to the bottom.
If the device has detected any abnormal state, it′ll display the self-check alarm information.
For the situation that the disturbance records and the supervision events coexist, the upper half
part is the disturbance record, and the lower half part is the supervision event. As to the upper half
part, it displays separately the record number of the disturbance record, fault name, generating
time of the disturbance record (with a format of yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss), protection element and
tripping element. If there is protection element operation, faulty phase and relative operation time
with reference to fault detector element are displayed. At the same time, if displayed rows of
protection element and tripping element are more than 3, a scroll bar will appear at the right. The
height of the black part of the scroll bar basically indicates the total lines of protection element and
tripping element, and its position suggests the position of the currently displayed line of the total
lines. The scroll bar of protection element and tripping element will roll up at the speed of one line
per time. When it rolls to the last three lines, it will roll from the earliest protection element and
tripping element again. The displayed content of the lower half part is similar to that of the upper
half part.
If the device has no the supervision event, the display interface will only show the disturbance
record.
24 ms A 21Q.Z1.Op
If the device has the supervision event, the display interface will show the disturbance record and
the supervision event at the same time.
24 ms A 21Q.Z1.Op
Disturb Records NO.2 shows the title and SOE number of the disturbance record.
2008-11-28 07:10:00:200 shows the time when fault detector picks up, the format is
year–month-date and hour:minute:second:millisecond.
0ms DPFC.Pkp shows fault detector element and its operating time (set as 0ms
fixedly).
24ms A 21Q.Z1.Op shows operation element and its relative operation time
All the protection elements have been listed in Chapter “Operation Theory”, and please refer to
each protection element for details. Operation reports of fault detector and the reports related to
oscillography function are showed in the following table.
Alm_52b 0 1
Superv_Events NO.4 shows the SOE number and title of the supervision event
2008-11-28 09:18:47:500 shows the real time of the report: year–month-date and
hour:minute:second:millisecond
3. IO Events NO.4
2008-11-29 09:18:47:500ms
BI_RstTarg 0 1
IO Events NO.4 shows the number and title of the binary event
2008-11-28 09:18:47:50 shows date and time when the report occurred, the format is
year–month-date and hour:minute:second:millisecond
BI_RstTarg 0→1 shows the state change of binary input, including binary input
Device Logs NO. 4 shows the title and the number of the device log
2008-11-28 10:18:47:569 shows date and time when the report occurred, the format is
year–month-date and hour:minute:second:millisecond
It will be displayed on the LCD before the fault report and self-check report are confirmed. Only
pressing the restore button on the protection screen or pressing both “ENT” and “ESC” at the
same time can switch among the fault report, the self-check report and the normal running state of
protection device to display it. The binary input change report will be displayed for 5s and then it
will return to the previous display interface automatically.
2. Press the “▲” or “▼” to move the cursor to the “Measurements” menu, and then press
the “ENT” or “►” to enter the menu;
3. Press the “▲” or “▼” to move the cursor to any command menu, and then press the
“ENT” to enter the menu;
4. Press the “▲” or “▼” to page up/down (if all information cannot be displayed in one
display screen, one screen can display 14 lines of information at most);
6. Press the “ENT” or “ESC” to exit this menu (returning to the “Measurements” menu);
2. Press the key “▲” or “▼” to move the cursor to the “Status” menu, and then press the
“ENT” or “►” to enter the menu.
3. Press the key “▲” or “▼” to move the cursor to any command menu item, and then press
the key “ENT” to enter the submenu.
4. Press the “▲” or “▼” to page up/down (if all information cannot be displayed in one
display screen, one screen can display 14 lines of information at most).
5. Press the key “◄” or “►” to select pervious or next command menu.
6. Press the key “ENT” or “ESC” to exit this menu (returning to the “Status” menu).
2. Press the “▲” or “▼” to move the cursor to the “Records” menu, and then press the
“ENT” or “►” to enter the menu;
3. Press the “▲” or “▼” to move the cursor to any command menu, and then press the
“ENT” to enter the menu;
7. Press the “ENT” or “ESC” to exit this menu (returning to the “Records” menu);
2. Press the “▲” or “▼” to move the cursor to the “Print” menu, and then press the “ENT” or
“►” to enter the menu;
3. Press the “▲” or “▼” to move the cursor to any command menu, and then press the
“ENT” to enter the menu;
Selecting the “Disturb Records”, and then press the “+” or “-” to select pervious
or next record. After pressing the key “ENT”, the LCD will display “Start Printing... ”,
and then automatically exit this menu (returning to the menu “Print”). If the printer
doesn’t complete its current print task and re-start it for printing, and the LCD will
display “Printer Busy…”. Press the key “ESC” to exit this menu (returning to the
menu “Print”).
Selecting the command menu “Superv Events” or “IO Events”, and then press the
key “▲” or “▼” to move the cursor. Press the “+” or “-” to select the starting and
ending numbers of printing message. After pressing the key “ENT”, the LCD will
display “Start Printing…”, and then automatically exit this menu (returning to the
menu “Print”). Press the key “ESC” to exit this menu (returning to the menu “Print”).
5. If selecting the “Settings”, press the key “ENT” or “►” to enter the next level of menu.
6. After entering the submenu “Settings”, press the key “▲” or “▼” to move the cursor, and
then press the key “ENT” to print the corresponding default value. If selecting any item to
printing:
Press the key “+” or “-” to select the setting group to be printed. After pressing the key
“ENT”, the LCD will display “Start Printing…”, and then automatically exit this menu
(returning to the menu “Settings”). Press the key “ESC” to exit this menu (returning to the
menu “Settings”).
7. After entering the submenu “Waveforms”, press the “+” or “-” to select the waveform
item to be printed and press ”ENT” to enter. If there is no any waveform data, the LCD will
display “No Waveform Data!” (Before executing the command menu “Waveforms”, it is
necessary to execute the command menu “Trig Oscillograph” in the menu “Local Cmd”,
otherwise the LCD will display “No Waveform Data!”). With waveform data existing:
Press the key “+” or “-” to select pervious or next record. After pressing the key “ENT”, the LCD
will display “Start Printing…”, and then automatically exit this menu (returning to the menu
“Waveforms”). If the printer does not complete its current print task and re-start it for printing, and
the LCD will display “Printer Busy…”. Press the key “ESC” to exit this menu (returning to the menu
“Waveforms”).
2. Press the “▲” or “▼” to move the cursor to the “Settings” menu, and then press the
“ENT” or “►” to enter the menu;
3. Press the “▲” or “▼” to move the cursor to any command menu, and then press the
“ENT” to enter the menu;
7. Press the “ESC” to exit this menu (returning to the menu “Settings”).
Note!
If the displayed information exceeds 14 lines, the scroll bar will appear on the right side of
the LCD to indicate the quantity of all displayed information of the command menu and the
relative location of information where the current cursor points at.
2. Press the “▲” or “▼” to move the cursor to the “Settings” menu, and then press the
“ENT” or “►” to enter the menu;
3. Press the “▲” or “▼” to move the cursor to any command menu, and then press the
“ENT” to enter the menu;
7. Press the “ESC” to exit this menu (returning to the menu “Settings” );
8. If selecting the command menu “System Settings”, move the cursor to the setting
item to be modified, and then press the “ENT”;
Press the “+” or “-” to modify the value (if the modified value is of multi-bit, press the “◄” or “►”
to move the cursor to the digit bit, and then press the “+” or “-” to modify the value), press the
“ESC” to cancel the modification and return to the displayed interface of the command menu
“System Settings”. Press the “ENT” to automatically exit this menu (returning to the displayed
interface of the command menu “System Settings”).
Move the cursor to continue modifying other setting items. After all setting values are modified,
press the “◄”, “►” or “ESC”, and the LCD will display “Save or Not?”. Directly press the “ESC” or
press the “◄” or “►” to move the cursor. Select the “Cancle”, and then press the “ENT” to
automatically exit this menu (returning to the displayed interface of the command menu “System
Settings”).
Press the “◄” or “►” to move the cursor. Select “No” and press the “ENT”, all modified setting item
will restore to its original value, exit this menu (returning to the menu “Settings”).
Press the “◄” or “►” to move the cursor to select “Yes”, and then press the “ENT”, the LCD will
display password input interface.
____
Input a 4-bit password (“+”, “◄”, “▲” or “-”). If the password is incorrect, continue inputting it,
and then press the “ESC” to exit the password input interface and return to the displayed interface
of the command menu “System Settings”. If the password is correct, LCD will display “Save
Setting Now…”, and then exit this menu (returning to the displayed interface of the command
menu “System Settings”), with all modified setting items as modified values.
Note!
For different setting items, their displayed interfaces are different but their modification
methods are the same. The following is ditto.
9. If selecting the submenu “Prot Settings”, and press “ENT” to enter. After selecting
different command menu, the LCD will display the following interface: (take “FD
Settings” as an example)
Line Settings
Active Group: 01
Selected Group: 02
Press the “+” or “-” to modify the value, and then press the “ENT” to enter it. Move the cursor to
the setting item to be modified, press the “ENT” to enter.
Take the setting [FD.DPFC.I_Set] as an example is selected to modify, then press the “ENT” to
enter and the LCD will display the following interface. is shown the “+” or “-” to modify the value
and then press the “ENT” to confirm.
FD.DPFC.I_Set
Note!
After modifying protection settings in current active setting group or system parameters of
the device, the “HEALTHY” indicator lamp of the device will go out, and the device will
automatically restart and re-check them. If the check doesn’t pass, the device will be
blocked.
2. Press the “▲” or “▼” to move the cursor to the “Settings” menu, and then press the
“ENT” or “►” to enter the menu;
3. Press the “▲” or “▼” to move the cursor to the command menu “Copy Settings”, and
then press the “ENT” to enter the menu.
Copy Settings
Active Group: 01
Copy To Group: 02
Press the “+” or “-” to modify the value. Press the “ESC”, and return to the menu “Settings”.
Press the “ENT”, the LCD will display the interface for password input, if the password is incorrect,
continue inputting it, press the “ESC” to exit the password input interface and return to the menu
“Settings”. If the password is correct, the LCD will display “copy setting OK!”, and exit this menu
(returning to the menu “Settings”).
Active Group: 01
Change To Group: 02
Press the “+” or “-” to modify the value, and then press the “ESC” to exit this menu (returning to
the main menu). After pressing the “ENT”, the LCD will display the password input interface. If the
password is incorrect, continue inputting it, and then press the “ESC” to exit the password input
interface and return to its original state. If the password is correct, the “HEALTHY” indicator lamp
of the protection device will go out, and the protection device will re-check the protection setting. If
the check doesn’t pass, the protection device will be blocked. If the check is successful, the LCD
will return to its original state.
2. Press the “+”, “-”, “+”, “-” and “ENT”; Press the “ESC” to exit this menu (returning to
the original state). Press the “ENT” to carry out the deletion.
Note!
The operation of deleting device message will delete all messages saved by the protection
device, including disturbance records, supervision events, binary events, but not including
device logs. Furthermore, the message is irrecoverable after deletion, so the application of
the function shall be cautious.
2. Press the “▲” or “▼” to move the cursor to the “Clock” menu, and then press the “ENT”
to enter clock display
3. Press the “▲” or “▼” to move the cursor to the date or time to be modified;
4. Press the “+” or “-” to modify value, and then press the “ENT” to save the modification
and return to the main menu;
5. Press the “ESC” to cancel the modification and return to the main menu.
Clock
Year 2008
Month 11
Day 28
Hour 20
Minute 59
Second 14
2. Press the “▲” or “▼” to move the cursor to the “Information” menu, and then press the
“ENT” or “►” to enter the menu;
3. Press the “▲” or “▼” to move the cursor to the command menu “Board Info”, and then
press the “ENT” to enter the menu;
5. Press the “ENT” or “ESC” to exit this menu (returning to the “Information” menu).
2. Press the “▲” or “▼” to move the cursor to the “Information” menu, and then press the
“ENT” to enter the submenu.
3. Press the key “▲” or “▼” to move the cursor to the command menu “Version Info”, and
then press the key “ENT” to display the software version.
2. Press the key “▲” or “▼” to move the cursor to the “Test” menu, and then press the key
“ENT” or “►” to enter the menu.
3. Press the key “▲” or “▼” to move the cursor to the submenu “Device Test”, and then
press the key “ENT” to enter the submenu,to select test item. If “Prot Elements” “Superv
Events” or “IO Events” is selected, two options “All Test” and “Select Test” are
provided.
Prot Element
All Test
Select Test
4. Press the key “▲” or “▼” to move the cursor to select the corresponding command menu
“All Test” or “Select Test”. If selecting the “All Test”, press the “ENT”, and the device will
successively carry out all operation element message test one by one.
5. If “Select Test” is selected, press the key “ENT”. Press the “+” or “-” to page up/down,
and then press the key “▲” or “▼” to move the scroll bar. Move the cursor to select the
corresponding protection element. Press the key “ENT” to execute the communication
test of this protection element, the substation automatic system (SAS) will receive the
corresponding message.
Note!
If no input operation is carried out within 60s, exit the communication transmission and
return to the “Test” menu, at this moment, the LCD will display “Communication Test
Timeout and Exiting...”.
Press the key “ESC” to exit this menu (returning to the menu “Test”, at this moment, the LCD will
display “Communication Test Exiting…”.
2. Press the key “▲” or “▼” to move the cursor to the command menu “Language”, and
then press the key “ENT” to enter the menu and the following display will be shown on
LCD.
1 中文
2 English
3. Press the key “▲” or “▼” to move the cursor to the language user preferred and press
the key “ENT” to execute language switching. After language switching is finished, LCD
will return to the menu “Language”, and the display language is changed. Otherwise,
press the key “ESC” to cancel language switching and return to the menu “Language”.
Note!
LCD interface provided in this chapter is only a reference and available for explaining
specific definition of LCD. The displayed interface of the actual device may be some
different from it, so you shall be subject to the actual protection device.
9 Configurable Function
Table of Contents
9 Configurable Function ................................................................... 9-a
9.1 Overview .......................................................................................................... 9-1
9.2 Introduction on PCS-Explorer software ........................................................ 9-1
9.3 Signal List ........................................................................................................ 9-2
9.3.1 Input Signal .......................................................................................................................... 9-2
List of Tables
Table 9.3-1 Input signals ............................................................................................................. 9-2
9.1 Overview
After function configuration is finished, disabled protection function will be hidden in the device and
in setting configuration list of PCS-Explorer Software. The user can select to show or hide some
setting by this way, and modify the setting vale.
Please refer to the instruction manual “PCS-Explorer Auxiliary Software” for details.
Overall functions:
For the specific project, some signals relevant to synchrocheck module, auto-reclosing module
and breaker failure protection module are with the suffix of “_CB1” and “_CB2” for circuit breaker 1
and circuit breaker 2 respectively.
10 Communication
Table of Contents
10 Communication........................................................................... 10-a
10.1 Overview ...................................................................................................... 10-1
10.2 Rear Communication Port Information ..................................................... 10-1
10.2.1 RS-485 Interface.............................................................................................................. 10-1
List of Figures
Figure 10.2-1 EIA RS-485 bus connection arrangements ..................................................... 10-2
10.1 Overview
This section outlines the remote communications interfaces of NR Relays. The protective device
supports a choice of three protocols via the rear communication interface (RS-485 or Ethernet),
selected via the model number by setting. The protocol provided by the protective device is
indicated in the menu “Settings→Device Setup→Comm Settings”.
The rear EIA RS-485 interface is isolated and is suitable for permanent connection of whichever
protocol is selected. The advantage of this type of connection is that up to 32 protective devices
can be “daisy chained” together using a simple twisted pair electrical connection.
It should be noted that the descriptions contained within this section do not aim to fully detail the
protocol itself. The relevant documentation for the protocol should be referred to for this
information. This section serves to describe the specific implementation of the protocol in the relay.
The EIA RS-485 two-wire connection provides a half-duplex fully isolated serial connection to the
product. The connection is polarized and whilst the product’s connection diagrams indicate the
polarization of the connection terminals it should be borne in mind that there is no agreed
definition of which terminal is which. If the master is unable to communicate with the product, and
the communication parameters match, then it is possible that the two-wire connection is reversed.
The EIA RS-485 bus must have 120Ω (Ohm) ½ Watt terminating resistors fitted at either end
across the signal wires (refer to Figure 10.2-1). Some devices may be able to provide the bus
terminating resistors by different connection or configuration arrangements, in which case
separate external components will not be required. However, this product does not provide such a
facility, so if it is located at the bus terminus then an external termination resistor will be required.
EIA RS-485
Master 120 Ohm
120 Ohm
The EIA RS-485 standard requires that each device is directly connected to the physical cable that
is the communications bus. Stubs and tees are expressly forbidden, such as star topologies. Loop
bus topologies are not part of the EIA RS-485 standard and are forbidden by it also.
Two-core screened cable is recommended. The specification of the cable will be dependent on the
application, although a multi-strand 0.5mm2 per core is normally adequate. Total cable length must
not exceed 500m. The screen must be continuous and connected to ground at one end, normally
at the master connection point; it is important to avoid circulating currents, especially when the
cable runs between buildings, for both safety and noise reasons.
This product does not provide a signal ground connection. If a signal ground connection is present
in the bus cable then it must be ignored, although it must have continuity for the benefit of other
devices connected to the bus. At no stage must the signal ground be connected to the cables
screen or to the product’s chassis. This is for both safety and noise reasons.
10.2.1.4 Biasing
It may also be necessary to bias the signal wires to prevent jabber. Jabber occurs when the signal
level has an indeterminate state because the bus is not being actively driven. This can occur when
all the slaves are in receive mode and the master is slow to turn from receive mode to transmit
mode. This may be because the master purposefully waits in receive mode, or even in a high
impedance state, until it has something to transmit. Jabber causes the receiving device(s) to miss
the first bits of the first character in the packet, which results in the slave rejecting the message
and consequentially not responding. Symptoms of these are poor response times (due to retries),
increasing message error counters, erratic communications, and even a complete failure to
communicate.
Biasing requires that the signal lines be weakly pulled to a defined voltage level of about 1V. There
should only be one bias point on the bus, which is best situated at the master connection point.
The DC source used for the bias must be clean; otherwise noise will be injected. Note that some
devices may (optionally) be able to provide the bus bias, in which case external components will
not be required.
Note!
It is extremely important that the 120Ω termination resistors are fitted. Failure to do so will
result in an excessive bias voltage that may damage the devices connected to the bus.
As the field voltage is much higher than that required, NR cannot assume responsibility for
any damage that may occur to a device connected to the network as a result of incorrect
application of this voltage.
Ensure that the field voltage is not being used for other purposes (i.e. powering logic inputs)
as this may cause noise to be passed to the communication network.
It is recommended to use twisted screened eight-core cable as the communication cable. A picture
is shown bellow.
Each equipment is connected with an exchanger via communication cable, and thereby it forms a
star structure network. Dual-network is recommended in order to increase reliability. SCADA is
also connected to the exchanger and will play a role of master station, so the every equipment
which has been connected to the exchanger will play a role of slave unit.
SCADA
Exchanger A
Exchanger B
To use the rear port with IEC60870-5-103 communication, the relevant settings to the protective
device must be configured.
The IEC60870-5-103 interface over serial port (RS-485) is a master/slave interface with the
protective device as the slave device. It is properly developed by NR.
Initialization (reset)
Time synchronization
General interrogation
General commands
Disturbance records
The transmission speed is optional: 4800 bit/s, 9600 bit/s, 19200 bit/s or 38400 bit/s.
The link layer strictly abides by the rules defined in the IEC60870-5-103.
10.3.2 Initialization
Whenever the protective device has been powered up, or if the communication parameters have
been changed, a reset command is required to initialize the communications. The protective
device will respond to either of the two reset commands (Reset CU or Reset FCB), the difference
is that the Reset CU will clear any unsent messages in the transmit buffer.
The protective device will respond to the reset command with an identification message ASDU 5,
the COT (Cause Of Transmission) of this response will be either Reset CU or Reset FCB
depending on the nature of the reset command.
If the protective device clock is synchronized using the IRIG-B input then it will not be possible to
set the protective device time using the IEC60870-5-103 interface. An attempt to set the time via
the interface will cause the protective device to create an event with the current date and time
taken from the IRIG-B synchronized internal clock.
All spontaneous events can be gained by printing, implementing submenu “IEC103 Info” in the
menu “Print”.
Refer the IEC60870-5-103 standard can get the enough details about general interrogation.
All general classification service group numbers can be gained by printing, implementing submenu
“IEC103 Info” in the menu “Print”.
The disturbance records are stored in uncompressed format and can be extracted using the
standard mechanisms described in IEC60870-5-103.
All channel numbers (ACC) of disturbance data can be gained by printing, implementing submenu
“IEC103 Info” in the menu “Print”.
10.4.1 Overview
The IEC 61850 standard is the result of years of work by electric utilities and vendors of electronic
equipment to produce standardized communications systems. IEC 61850 is a series of standards
describing client/server and peer-to-peer communications, substation design and configuration,
testing, environmental and project standards. The complete set includes:
IEC 61850-5: Communications and requirements for functions and device models
IEC 61850-7-1: Basic communication structure for substation and feeder equipment–
Principles and models
IEC 61850-7-2: Basic communication structure for substation and feeder equipment - Abstract
communication service interface (ACSI)
IEC 61850-7-3: Basic communication structure for substation and feeder equipment–
Common data classes
IEC 61850-7-4: Basic communication structure for substation and feeder equipment–
Compatible logical node classes and data classes
IEC 61850-8-1: Specific Communication Service Mapping (SCSM) – Mappings to MMS (ISO
9506-1 and ISO 9506-2) and to ISO/IEC 8802-3
IEC 61850-9-1: Specific Communication Service Mapping (SCSM) – Sampled values over
serial unidirectional multidrop point to point link
IEC 61850-9-2: Specific Communication Service Mapping (SCSM) – Sampled values over
ISO/IEC 8802-3
These documents can be obtained from the IEC (http://www.iec.ch). It is strongly recommended
that all those involved with any IEC 61850 implementation obtain this document set.
1. MMS protocol
IEC 61850 specifies the use of the Manufacturing Message Specification (MMS) at the upper
(application) layer for transfer of real-time data. This protocol has been in existence for a number
of years and provides a set of services suitable for the transfer of data within a substation LAN
environment. Actual IEC 61850-7-2 abstract services and objects are mapped to MMS protocol
services in IEC61850-8-1.
2. Client/server
This is a connection-oriented type of communication. The connection is initiated by the client, and
communication activity is controlled by the client. IEC61850 clients are often substation computers
running HMI programs or SOE logging software. Servers are usually substation equipment such
as protection relays, meters, RTUs, transformer, tap changers, or bay controllers.
3. Peer-to-peer
A substation configuration language is a number of files used to describe IED and communication
system realized according to IEC 61850-5 and IEC 61850-7. Each configured device has an IED
Capability Description (ICD) file and a Configured IED Description (CID) file. The substation single
line information is stored in a System Specification Description (SSD) file. The entire substation
configuration is stored in a Substation Configuration Description (SCD) file. The SCD file is the
combination of the individual ICD files and the SSD file, moreover, add communication system
parameters (MMS, GOOSE, control block, SV control block) and the connection relationship of
GOOSE and SV to SCD file.
Each IED represents one IEC61850 physical device. The physical device contains one or more
logical device(s), and the logical device contains many logical nodes. The logical node LPHD
contains information about the IED physical device. The logical node LLN0 contains information
about the IED logical device.
The GGIO logical node is available in the PCS-900 series relays to provide access to digital status
points (including general I/O inputs and warnings) and associated timestamps and quality flags.
The data content must be configured before the data can be used. GGIO provides digital status
points for access by clients. It is intended that clients use GGIO in order to access digital status
values from the PCS-900 series relays. Clients can utilize the IEC61850 buffered reporting
features available from GGIO in order to build sequence of events (SOE) logs and HMI display
screens. Buffered reporting should generally be used for SOE logs since the buffering capability
reduces the chances of missing data state changes. All needed status data objects are transmitted
to HMI clients via buffered reporting, and the corresponding buffered reporting control block
(BRCB) is defined in LLN0.
Most of analog measured values are available through the MMXU logical nodes, and metering
values in MMTR, the else in MMXN, MSQI and so on. Each MMXU logical node provides data
from a IED current/voltage “source”. There is one MMXU available for each configurable source.
MMXU1 provides data from CT/VT source 1(usually for protection purpose), and MMXU2 provides
data from CT/VT source 2 (usually for monitor and display purpose). All these analog data objects
are transmitted to HMI clients via unbuffered reporting periodically, and the corresponding
unbuffered reporting control block (URCB) is defined in LLN0. MMXUx logical nodes provide the
following data for each source:
MMXU.MX.Hz: frequency
The following list describes the protection elements for PCS-902 series relays. The specified relay
will contain a subset of protection elements from this list.
PTUC: Undercurrent
PTOC: Phase overcurrent, zero-sequence overcurrent and overcurrent when VT circuit failure
PTUV: Undervoltage
PTOF: Overfrequency
PTUF: Underfrequency
RBRF:Breaker failure
RSYN: Synchronism-check
The protection elements listed above contain start (pickup) and operate flags, instead of any
element has its own start (pickup) flag separately, all the elements share a common start (pickup)
flags “PTRC.ST.Str.general”. The operate flag for PTOC1 is “PTOC1.ST.Op.general”. For
PCS-902 series relays protection elements, these flags take their values from related module for
the corresponding element. Similar to digital status values, the protection trip information is
reported via BRCB, and BRCB also locates in LLN0.
Logical node LLN0 is essential for an IEC61850 based IED. This LN shall be used to address
common issues for Logical Devices. Most of the public services, the common settings, control
values and some device oriented data objects are available here. The public services may be
BRCB, URCB and GSE control blocks and similar global defines for the whole device; the
common settings include all the setting items of communication settings. System settings and
some of the protection setting items, which can be configured to two or more protection elements
(logical nodes). In LLN0, the item Loc is a device control object, this Do item indicates the local
operation for complete logical device, when it is true, all the remote control commands to the IED
will be blocked and those commands make effective until the item Loc is changed to false. In
PCS-900 series relays, besides the logical nodes we describe above, there are some other logical
nodes below in the IEDs:
MMXU: This LN shall be used to acquire values from CTs and VTs and calculate measurands
such as r.m.s. values for current and voltage or power flows out of the acquired voltage and
current samples. These values are normally used for operational purposes such as power
flow supervision and management, screen displays, state estimation, etc. The requested
accuracy for these functions has to be provided.
LPHD: Physical device information, the logical node to model common issues for physical
device.
PTRC: Protection trip conditioning, it shall be used to connect the “operate” outputs of one or
more protection functions to a common “trip” to be transmitted to XCBR. In addition or
alternatively, any combination of “operate” outputs of protection functions may be combined to
a new “operate” of PTRC.
RDRE: Disturbance recorder function. It triggers the fault wave recorder and its output refers
to the “IEEE Standard Format for Transient Data Exchange (COMTRADE) for Power System”
(IEC 60255-24). All enabled channels are included in the recording, independently of the
trigger mode.
IEC61850 buffered and unbuffered reporting control blocks locate in LLN0, they can be configured
to transmit information of protection trip information (in the Protection logical nodes), binary status
values (in GGIO) and analog measured/calculated values (in MMXU, MMTR and MSQI). The
reporting control blocks can be configured in CID files, and then be sent to the IED via an
IEC61850 client. The following items can be configured.
- Bit 1: Data-change
- Bit 4: Integrity
- Bit 1: Sequence-number
- Bit 2: Report-time-stamp
- Bit 3: Reason-for-inclusion
- Bit 4: Data-set-name
- Bit 5: Data-reference
- Bit 8: Conf-revision
- Bit 9: Segmentation
MMS file services are supported to allow transfer of oscillography, event record or other files from
a PCS-900 series relay.
10.4.4.3 Timestamps
The Universal Time Coordinated(UTC for short) timestamp associated with all IEC61850 data
items represents the lastest change time of either the value or quality flags of the data item.
IEC61850 specifies that each logical node can have a name with a total length of 11 characters.
The name is composed of:
Complete names are of the form xxxxxxPTOC1, where the xxxxxx character string is configurable.
Details regarding the logical node naming rules are given in IEC61850 parts 6 and 7-2. It is
recommended that a consistent naming convention be used for an entire substation project.
IEC61850 specifies the type of broadcast data transfer services: Generic Object Oriented
Substation Events (GOOSE). IEC61850 GOOSE services provide virtual LAN (VLAN) support,
Ethernet priority tagging, and Ether-type Application ID configuration. The support for VLANs and
priority tagging allows for the optimization of Ethernet network traffic. GOOSE messages can be
given a higher priority than standard Ethernet traffic, and they can be separated onto specific
VLANs. Devices that transmit GOOSE messages also function as servers. Each GOOSE
publisher contains a “GOOSE control block” to configure and control the transmission.
The GOOSE transmission (including subscribing and publishing) is controlled by GOOSE link
settings in device.
The PCS-900 series relays support IEC61850 Generic Object Oriented Substation Event (GOOSE)
communication. All GOOSE messages contain IEC61850 data collected into a dataset. It is this
dataset that is transferred using GOOSE message services. The GOOSE related dataset is
configured in the CID file and it is recommended that the fixed GOOSE be used for
implementations that require GOOSE data transfer between PCS-900 series relays.
IEC61850 GOOSE messaging contains a number of configurable parameters, all of which must be
correct to achieve the successful transfer of data. It is critical that the configured datasets at the
transmission and reception devices are an exact match in terms of data structure, and that the
GOOSE addresses and name strings match exactly.
Where:
C1: Shall be "M" if support for LOGICAL-DEVICE model has been declared
O: Optional
M: Mandatory
M16 Time M M Y
M17 File transfer O O Y
Where:
C2: Shall be "M" if support for LOGICAL-NODE model has been declared
C3: Shall be "M" if support for DATA model has been declared
C4: Shall be "M" if support for DATA-SET, Substitution, Report, Log Control, or Time models has
been declared
C5: Shall be "M" if support for Report, GSE, or SMV models has been declared
M: Mandatory
S56 TimeActivated-Operate O N
File transfer
S57 GetFile M/O Y
S58 SetFile O N
S59 DeleteFile O N
S60 GetFileAttributeValues M/O Y
Time
SNTP M Y
The PCS-902 series relays support IEC61850 logical nodes as indicated in the following table.
Note that the actual instantiation of each logical node is determined by the product order code.
10.5.1 Overview
The descriptions given here are intended to accompany this relay. The DNP3.0 protocol is not
described here; please refer to the DNP3.0 protocol standard for the details about the DNP3.0
implementation. This manual only specifies which objects, variations and qualifiers are supported
in this relay, and also specifies what data is available from this relay via DNP3.0.
The relay operates as a DNP3.0 slave and supports subset level 2 of the protocol, plus some of
the features from level 3. The DNP3.0 communication uses the Ethernet ports at the rear side of
this relay. The Ethernet ports are optional: electrical or optical.
1. Supported qualifiers
The protection operation signals, alarm signals and binary input state change signals are
transported respectively according to the variation sequence in above table.
Object 2, SOE
If the master qualifier is “0x07”, the slave responsive qualifier is “0x27”; and if the master
qualifier is “0x01”, “0x06” or “0x08”, the slave responsive qualifier is “0x28”.
The measurement values are transported firstly, and then the measurement values are
transported.
The master adopts the “Object 60” for the Class 0 data request and the variation is “0x01”.
The slave responds with the above mentioned “Object 1”, “Object 30” and “Object 40” (see
“Supported objects and variations” in Section 10.5.4.3).
The master adopts the “Object 60” for the Class 1 data request and the variation is “0x02”.
The slave responds with the above mentioned “Object 2” (see “Supported objects and
variations” in Section 10.5.4.3).
The master adopts the “Object 60” for the multiple object request and the variation is “0x01”,
“0x02”, “0x03” and “0x04”.
The slave responds with the above mentioned “Object 1”, “Object 2”, “Object 30” and “Object
40” (see “Supported objects and variations” in Section 10.5.4.3).
The function code 0x03 and 0x04 are supported in this relay. The function code 0x03 is for the
remote control with selection; and the function code 0x04 is for the remote control with execution.
The selection operation must be executed before the execution operation, and the single point
control object can be supported to this relay.
11 Installation
Table of Contents
11 Installation ................................................................................... 11-a
11.1 Overview ....................................................................................................... 11-1
11.2 Safety Information ........................................................................................ 11-1
11.3 Checking Shipment ...................................................................................... 11-2
11.4 Material and Tools Required........................................................................ 11-2
11.5 Device Location and Ambient Conditions.................................................. 11-2
11.6 Mechanical Installation ................................................................................ 11-3
11.7 Electrical Installation and Wiring ................................................................ 11-4
11.7.1 Grounding Guidelines .......................................................................................................11-4
List of Figures
Figure 11.6-1 Dimensions of PCS-902..................................................................................... 11-3
Figure 11.6-3 Demonstration of plugging a board into its corresponding slot .................. 11-4
Figure 11.7-4 Glancing demo about the wiring for electrical cables ................................... 11-7
11.1 Overview
The device must be shipped, stored and installed with the greatest care.
Choose the place of installation such that the communication interface and the controls on the
front of the device are easily accessible.
Air must circulate freely around the equipment. Observe all the requirements regarding place of
installation and ambient conditions given in this instruction manual.
Take care that the external wiring is properly brought into the equipment and terminated correctly
and pay special attention to grounding. Strictly observe the corresponding guidelines contained in
this section.
In certain cases, the settings have to be configured according to the demands of the engineering
configuration after replacement. It is therefore assumed that the personnel who replace modules
and units are familiar with the use of the operator program on the service PC.
DANGER! Only insert or withdraw the PWR module while the power supply is switched
off. To this end, disconnect the power supply cable that connects with the PWR module.
WARNING! Only insert or withdraw other modules while the power supply is switched off.
WARNING! The modules may only be inserted in the slots designated in Section 6.2.
WARNING! Industry packs and ribbon cables may only be replaced or the positions of
Should boards have to be removed from this relay installed in a grounded cubicle in an HV
switchgear installation, please discharge yourself by touching station ground (the cubicle)
beforehand.
Only hold electronic boards at the edges, taking care not to touch the components.
Only works on boards that have been removed from the cubicle on a workbench designed for
electronic equipment and wear a grounded wristband. Do not wear a grounded wristband,
however, while inserting or withdrawing units.
Always store and ship the electronic boards in their original packing. Place electronic parts in
electrostatic screened packing materials.
Visually inspect all the material when unpacking it. When there is evidence of transport damage,
lodge a claim immediately in writing with the last carrier and notify the nearest NR Company or
agent.
If the equipment is not going to be installed immediately, store all the parts in their original packing
in a clean dry place at a moderate temperature. The humidity at a maximum temperature and the
permissible storage temperature range in dry air are listed in Chapter “Technical Data”.
A suitable drill and spanners are required to secure the cubicles to the floor using the plugs
provided (if this relay is mounted in cubicles).
There should also be free access at the rear of the equipment for additions and replacement of
electronic boards.
Since every piece of technical equipment can be damaged or destroyed by inadmissible ambient
conditions, such as:
1. The location should not be exposed to excessive air pollution (dust, aggressive substances).
2. Severe vibration, extreme changes of temperature, surge voltages of high amplitude and
short rise time, high levels of humidity and strong induced magnetic fields should be avoided
as far as possible.
The equipment can in principle be mounted in any attitude, but it is normally mounted vertically
(visibility of markings).
WARNING! Excessively high temperature can appreciably reduce the operating life of
this relay.
482.6
291 465.0
101.6
177.0
465.0
101.6
179.0
4-Ф6.8
450.0
NOTE! It is necessary to leave enough space top and bottom of the cut-out in the cubicle
The safety instructions must be abided by when installing the boards, please see Section 11.2 for
the details.
Following figure shows the installation way of a module being plugged into a corresponding slot.
In the case of equipment supplied in cubicles, place the cubicles on the foundations that have
been prepared. Take care while doing so not to jam or otherwise damage any of the cables that
have already been installed. Secure the cubicles to the foundations.
On the other hand, electronic apparatus can transmit interference that can disrupt the operation of
other apparatus.
In order to minimize these influences as far as possible, certain standards have to be observed
with respect to grounding, wiring and screening.
NOTE! All these precautions can only be effective if the station ground is of good quality.
Metal accessories such as side plates, blanking plates etc., must be effectively connected
surface-to-surface to the grounded frame to ensure a low-impedance path to ground for RF
interference. The contact surfaces must not only conduct well, they must also be non-corroding.
NOTE! If the above conditions are not fulfilled, there is a possibility of the cubicle or parts
of it forming a resonant circuit at certain frequencies that would amplify the transmission
of interference by the devices installed and also reduce their immunity to induced
interference.
Movable parts of the cubicle such as doors (front and back) or hinged equipment frames must be
effectively grounded to the frame by three braided copper strips (see Figure 11.7-1).
The metal parts of the cubicle housing and the ground rail are interconnected electrically
conducting and corrosion proof. The contact surfaces shall be as large as possible.
NOTE! For metallic connections please observe the voltage difference of both materials
The cubicle ground rail must be effectively connected to the station ground rail by a grounding strip
(braided copper).
There are some ground terminals on some connectors of this relay, and the sign is “GND”. All the
ground terminals are connected in the cabinet of this relay. So, the ground terminal on the rear
panel (see Figure 11.7-2) is the only ground terminal of this device.
The grounding strips must therefore be of (preferably tinned) braided copper and not round copper
conductors, as the cross-section of round copper would have to be too large.
Proper terminations must be fitted to both ends (press/pinch fit and tinned) with a hole for bolting
them firmly to the items to be connected.
The surfaces to which the grounding strips are bolted must be electrically conducting and
non-corroding.
Press/pinch fit
cable terminal
Braided
copper strip Terminal bolt
Contact surface
Power supply, binary inputs & outputs: brained copper cable, 1.0mm2 ~ 2.5mm2
The following figure shows the glancing demo about the wiring for the electrical cables.
Figure 11.7-4 Glancing demo about the wiring for electrical cables
DANGER! Never allow the current transformer (CT) secondary circuit connected to this
equipment to be opened while the primary system is live. Opening the CT circuit will produce a
dangerously high voltage.
12 Commissioning
Table of Contents
12 Commissioning ........................................................................... 12-a
12.1 Overview ...................................................................................................... 12-1
12.2 Safety Instructions ...................................................................................... 12-1
12.3 Commission Tools ...................................................................................... 12-2
12.4 Setting Familiarization ................................................................................ 12-2
12.5 Product Checks ........................................................................................... 12-3
12.5.1 With the Relay De-energized .......................................................................................... 12-3
12.1 Overview
This relay is fully numerical in their design, implementing all protection and non-protection
functions in software. The relay employs a high degree of self-checking and in the unlikely event of
a failure, will give an alarm. As a result of this, the commissioning test does not need to be as
extensive as with non-numeric electronic or electro-mechanical relays.
To commission numerical relays, it is only necessary to verify that the hardware is functioning
correctly and the application-specific software settings have been applied to the relay.
Blank commissioning test and setting records are provided at the end of this manual for
completion as required.
Before carrying out any work on the equipment, the user should be familiar with the contents of the
safety and technical data sections and the ratings on the equipment’s rating label.
WARNING! Hazardous voltages are present in this electrical equipment during operation.
Non-observance of the safety rules can result in severe personal injury or property
damage.
WARNING! Only the qualified personnel shall work on and around this equipment after
becoming thoroughly familiar with all warnings and safety notices of this manual as well
as with the applicable safety regulations.
The earthing screw of the device must be connected solidly to the protective earth conductor
before any other electrical connection is made.
Hazardous voltages can be present on all circuits and components connected to the supply
voltage or to the measuring and test quantities.
Hazardous voltages can be present in the device even after disconnection of the supply
voltage (storage capacitors!)
The limit values stated in the Chapter “Technical Data” must not be exceeded at all, not even
during testing and commissioning.
When testing the device with secondary test equipment, make sure that no other
measurement quantities are connected. Take also into consideration that the trip circuits and
maybe also close commands to the circuit breakers and other primary switches are
disconnected from the device unless expressly stated.
DANGER! Current transformer secondary circuits must have been short-circuited before
WARNING! Primary test may only be carried out by qualified personnel, who are familiar
with the commissioning of protection system, the operation of the plant and safety rules
and regulations (switching, earthing, etc.).
Multifunctional dynamic current and voltage injection test set with interval timer.
Multimeter with suitable AC current range and AC/DC voltage ranges of 0~440V and 0~250V
respectively.
NOTE! Modern test set may contain many of the above features in one unit.
Optional equipment:
An electronic or brushless insulation tester with a DC output not exceeding 500V (for
insulation resistance test when required).
A portable PC, with appropriate software (this enables the rear communications port to be
tested, if this is to be used, and will also save considerable time during commissioning).
EIA RS-485 to EIA RS-232 converter (if EIA RS-485 IEC60870-5-103 port is being tested).
With the front cover in place all keys are accessible. All menu cells can be read. The LED
indicators and alarms can be reset. Protection or configuration settings can be changed, or fault
and event records cleared. However, menu cells will require the appropriate password to be
entered before changes can be made.
These product checks cover all aspects of the relay which should be checked to ensure that it has
not been physically damaged prior to commissioning, is functioning correctly and all input quantity
measurements are within the stated tolerances.
If the application-specific settings have been applied to the relay prior to commissioning, it is
advisable to make a copy of the settings so as to allow them restoration later. This could be done
by extracting the settings from the relay itself via printer or manually creating a setting record.
The following tests are necessary to ensure the normal operation of the equipment before it is first
put into service.
Hardware tests
These tests are performed for the following hardware to ensure that there is no hardware
defect. Defects of hardware circuits other than the following can be detected by
self-monitoring when the DC power is supplied.
Function tests
These tests are performed for the following functions that are fully software-based. Tests of
the protection schemes and fault locator require a dynamic test set.
Timers test
Conjunctive tests
The tests are performed after the relay is connected with the primary equipment and other
external equipment.
On load test.
After unpacking the product, check for any damage to the relay case. If there is any damage, the
internal module might also have been affected, contact the vendor. The following items listed is
necessary.
Protection panel
Carefully examine the protection panel, protection equipment inside and other parts inside to
see that no physical damage has occurred since installation.
The rated information of other auxiliary protections should be checked to ensure it is correct
for the particular installation.
Panel wiring
Check the conducting wire which is used in the panel to assure that their cross section
meeting the requirement.
Carefully examine the wiring to see that they are no connection failure exists.
Label
Check all the isolator binary inputs, terminal blocks, indicators, switches and push buttons to
make sure that their labels meet the requirements of this project.
Check each plug-in module of the equipments on the panel to make sure that they are well
installed into the equipment without any screw loosened.
Earthing cable
Check whether the earthing cable from the panel terminal block is safely screwed to the panel
steel sheet.
Check whether all the switches, equipment keypad, isolator binary inputs and push buttons
work normally and smoothly.
Insulation resistance tests are only necessary during commissioning if it is required for them to be
done and they have not been performed during installation.
Isolate all wiring from the earth and test the isolation with an electronic or brushless insulation
tester at a DC voltage not exceeding 500V, The circuits need to be tested should include:
DC power supply
Output contacts
Communication ports
Test method:
To unplug all the terminals sockets of this relay, and do the Insulation resistance test for each
circuit above with an electronic or brushless insulation tester.
On completion of the insulation resistance tests, ensure all external wiring is correctly reconnected
to the protection.
Check that the external wiring is correct to the relevant relay diagram and scheme diagram.
Ensure as far as practical that phasing/phase rotation appears to be as expected.
Check the wiring against the schematic diagram for the installation to ensure compliance with the
customer’s normal practice.
The relay only can be operated under the auxiliary power supply depending on the relay’s nominal
power supply rating.
The incoming voltage must be within the operating range specified in Chapter “Technical Data”,
before energizing the relay, measure the auxiliary supply to ensure it within the operating range.
Other requirements to the auxiliary power supply are specified in Chapter “Technical Data”. See
this section for further details about the parameters of the power supply.
WARNING! Energize this relay only if the power supply is within the specified operating
ranges in Chapter “Technical Data”.
The current and voltage transformer connections must remain isolated from the relay for these
checks. The trip circuit should also remain isolated to prevent accidental operation of the
associated circuit breaker.
Connect the relay to DC power supply correctly and turn the relay on. Check program version and
forming time displayed in command menu to ensure that are corresponding to what ordered.
If the time and date is not being maintained by substation automation system, the date and time
should be set manually.
Set the date and time to the correct local time and date using menu item “Clock”.
In the event of the auxiliary supply failing, with a battery fitted on CPU board, the time and date will
be maintained. Therefore when the auxiliary supply is restored the time and date will be correct
and not need to set again.
To test this, remove the auxiliary supply from the relay for approximately 30s. After being
re-energized, the time and date should be correct.
On power up, the green LED “HEALTHY” should have illuminated and stayed on indicating that
the relay is healthy.
The relay has latched signal relays which remember the state of the trip, auto-reclose when the
relay was last energized from an auxiliary supply. Therefore these indicators may also illuminate
when the auxiliary supply is applied. If any of these LEDs are on then they should be reset before
proceeding with further testing. If the LED successfully reset, the LED goes out. There is no testing
required for that that LED because it is known to be operational.
It is likely that alarms related to voltage transformer supervision will not reset at this stage.
Apply the rated DC power supply and check that the “HEALTHY” LED is lighting in green. We
need to emphasize that the “HEALTHY” LED is always lighting in operation course except that the
equipment find serious errors in it.
Produce one of the abnormal conditions listed in Chapter “Supervision”, the “ALARM” LED will
light in yellow. When abnormal condition reset, the “ALARM” LED extinguishes.
This test verified that the accuracy of current measurement is within the acceptable tolerances.
Apply rated current to each current transformer input in turn; checking its magnitude using a
multimeter/test set readout. The corresponding reading can then be checked in the relays menu.
The measurement accuracy of the protection is 2.5% or 0.02In. However, an additional allowance
must be made for the accuracy of the test equipment being used.
NOTE! The closing circuit should remain isolated during these checks to prevent
Group No. Item Input Value Input Angle Display Value Display Angle
Three-phase current 1 Ia
Group No. Item Input Value Input Angle Display Value Display Angle
Ib
Ic
Ia
Three-phase current 2 Ib
Ic
Ia
Three-phase current 3 Ib
Ic
Ia
Three-phase current …… Ib
Ic
This test verified that the accuracy of voltage measurement is within the acceptable tolerances.
Apply rated voltage to each voltage transformer input in turn; checking its magnitude using a
multimeter/test set readout. The corresponding reading can then be checked in the relays menu.
The measurement accuracy of the relay is 2.5% or 0.1V. However an additional allowance must be
made for the accuracy of the test equipment being used.
NOTE! The closing circuit should remain isolated during these checks to prevent
Group No. Item Input Value Input Angle Display Value Display Angle
Ua
Three-phase voltage 1 Ub
Uc
Ua
Three-phase voltage 2 Ub
Uc
Ua
Three-phase voltage 3 Ub
Uc
Ua
Three-phase voltage…… Ub
Uc
This test checks that all the binary inputs on the equipment are functioning correctly.
The binary inputs should be energized one at a time, see external connection diagrams for
terminal numbers.
Ensure that the voltage applied on the binary input must be within the operating range.
The status of each binary input can be viewed using relay menu. Sign “1” denotes an energized
input and sign “0” denotes a de-energized input.
3) Self-check and the transition of binary input in the process of devices start
Confirm the external wiring to the current and voltage inputs is correct.
However, these checks can only be carried out if there are no restrictions preventing the
tenderization of the plant being protected.
Remove all test leads, temporary shorting leads, etc. and replace any external wiring that has
been removed to allow testing.
If it has been necessary to disconnect any of the external wiring from the protection in order to
perform any of the foregoing tests, it should be ensured that all connections are replaced in
accordance with the relevant external connection or scheme diagram. Confirm current and voltage
transformer wiring.
After the above tests are completed, remove all test or temporary shorting leads, etc. If it has been
necessary to disconnect any of the external wiring from the protection in order to perform the
wiring verification tests, it should be ensured that all connections are replaced in accordance with
the relevant external connection or scheme diagram.
If the protection is in a new installation or the circuit breaker has just been maintained, the circuit
breaker maintenance and current counters should be zero. If a test block is installed, remove the
test plug and replace the cover so that the protection is put into service.
Ensure that all event records, fault records, disturbance records and alarms have been cleared
and LED’s has been reset before leaving the protection.
13 Maintenance
Table of Contents
13 Maintenance ................................................................................ 13-a
13.1 Appearance Check ...................................................................................... 13-1
13.2 Failure Tracing And Repair ......................................................................... 13-1
13.3 Replace Failed Modules ............................................................................. 13-1
13.4 Cleaning ....................................................................................................... 13-3
13.5 Storage ......................................................................................................... 13-3
NR numerical relay PCS-902 is designed to require no special maintenance. All measurement and
signal processing circuit are fully solid state. All input modules are also fully solid state. The output
relays are hermetically sealed.
Since the device is almost completely self-monitored, from the measuring inputs to the output
relays, hardware and software defects are automatically detected and reported. The
self-monitoring ensures the high availability of the device and generally allows for a corrective
rather than preventive maintenance strategy. Therefore, maintenance checks in short intervals are
not required.
Operation of the device is automatically blocked when a hardware failure is detected. If a problem
is detected in the external measuring circuits, the device normally only provides alarm messages.
2. It is only allowed to plug or withdraw relay board when the supply is reliably switched off.
Never allow the CT secondary circuit connected to this equipment to be opened while the primary
system is live when withdrawing an AC module. Never try to insert or withdraw the relay board
when it is unnecessary.
3. Check weld spots on PCB whether they are well soldered without any rosin joint. All dual
inline components must be well plugged.
When a failure is detected by supervision, a remote alarm is issued and the failure is indicated on
the front panel with LED indicators and LCD display. It is also recorded in the event record.
Failures detected by supervision are traced by checking the “Superv Events” screen on the LCD.
Repair at the site should be limited to module replacement. Maintenance at the component level is
not recommended.
Check that the replacement module has an identical module name (AI, PWR, CPU, SIG, BI, BO,
etc.) and hardware type-form as the removed module. Furthermore, the CPU module replaced
should have the same software version. In addition, the AI and PWR module replaced should have
the same ratings.
The module name is indicated on the top front of the module. The software version is indicated in
LCD menu “Version Info”.
Caution!
When handling a module, take anti-static measures such as wearing an earthed wrist band
and placing modules on an earthed conductive mat. Otherwise, many of the electronic
components could suffer damage. After replacing the CPU module, check the settings.
1) Replacing a module
Short circuit all AC current inputs and disconnect all AC voltage inputs
Warning!
Hazardous voltage can be present in the DC circuit just after switching off the DC power
supply. It takes approximately 30 seconds for the voltage to discharge.
Unplug the ribbon cable on the front panel by pushing the catch outside.
After replacing the CPU module, input the application-specific setting values again.
Warning!
Units and modules may only be replaced while the supply is switched off and only by
appropriately trained and qualified personnel. Strictly observe the basic precautions to
guard against electrostatic discharge.
Warning!
When handling a module, take anti-static measures such as wearing an earthed wrist band
and placing modules on an earthed conductive mat. Otherwise, many of the electronic
components could suffer damage. After replacing the CPU module, check the settings.
Danger!
After replacing modules, be sure to check that the same configuration is set as before the
replacement. If this is not the case, there is a danger of the unintended operation of
switchgear taking place or of protections not functioning correctly. Persons may also be
put in danger.
13.4 Cleaning
Before cleaning the relay, ensure that all AC/DC supplies, current transformer connections are
isolated to prevent any chance of an electric shock whilst cleaning. Use a smooth cloth to clean
the front panel. Do not use abrasive material or detergent chemicals.
13.5 Storage
The spare relay or module should be stored in a dry and clean room. Based on IEC standard
60255-1 the storage temperature should be from -40oC to +70oC, but the temperature of from 0oC
to +40oC is recommended for long-term storage.
Table of Contents
14 Decommissioning and Disposal ................................................ 14-a
14.1 Decommissioning ....................................................................................... 14-1
14.2 Disposal ....................................................................................................... 14-1
14.1 Decommissioning
1. Switching off
To switch off the PCS-902, switch off the external miniature circuit breaker of the power supply.
2. Disconnecting Cables
Disconnect the cables in accordance with the rules and recommendations made by relational
department.
Danger!
Before disconnecting the power supply cables that connected with the PWR module of the
PCS-902, make sure that the external miniature circuit breaker of the power supply is
switched off.
Danger!
Before disconnecting the cables that are used to connect analog input module with the
primary CTs and VTs, make sure that the circuit breaker for the primary CTs and VTs is
switched off.
3. Dismantling
The PCS-902 rack may now be removed from the system cubicle, after which the cubicles may
also be removed.
Danger!
When the station is in operation, make sure that there is an adequate safety distance to
live parts, especially as dismantling is often performed by unskilled personnel.
14.2 Disposal
In every country there are companies specialized in the proper disposal of electronic waste.
Note!
Strictly observe all local and national regulations when disposing of the device.